SK492002A3 - Hydroxylation of compactin to pravastatin by micromonospora - Google Patents
Hydroxylation of compactin to pravastatin by micromonospora Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK492002A3 SK492002A3 SK49-2002A SK492002A SK492002A3 SK 492002 A3 SK492002 A3 SK 492002A3 SK 492002 A SK492002 A SK 492002A SK 492002 A3 SK492002 A3 SK 492002A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- strain
- micromonospora
- ncaim
- Prior art date
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- 241000187708 Micromonospora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 title description 74
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- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 title description 73
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N mevastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=CCC[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N 0.000 title description 20
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- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PDBXRGUGLTUAAD-ABPOPGQRSA-M sodium;(3r)-7-[(1s,2s,8s,8ar)-2-methyl-8-[(2s)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-hydroxyheptanoate Chemical class [Na+].C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CCCC[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CCC=C21 PDBXRGUGLTUAAD-ABPOPGQRSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/42—Hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/06—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/29—Micromonospora
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Abstract
Description
Oblasť technikyTechnical field
Predložený vynález sa týka nového mikrobiálneho spôsobu na prípravu pravastatinu.The present invention relates to a novel microbial process for preparing pravastatin.
Ešte presnejšie sa tento vynález týka mikrobiálneho spôsobu na prípravu pravastatinu vzorca IMore specifically, the present invention relates to a microbial process for preparing pravastatin of formula I
v ktorom R znamená ión alkalického kovu alebo amóniový ión, s mikroorganizmom, pričom uvedeným mikroorganizmom je prokaryot z rodu Micromonospora, ktorý je schopný hydroxylovaf zlúčeninu všeobecného vzorca II v polohe 6β.wherein R is an alkali metal or ammonium ion, with a microorganism, said microorganism being a prokaryote of the genus Micromonospora, which is capable of hydroxyl of a compound of formula II at the 6β position.
-2 Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hypercholesterolémia sa pokladá za hlavný rizikový faktor pri aterosklerotickom ochorení, predovšetkým pri koronárnom ochorení srdca. Počas posledných dvoch dekád sa intenzívne skúmal 3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaryl-koenzým A reduktáza (HMG-CoA reduktáza EC. 1.1.1.34) ako hlavný rýchlosť—limitujúci enzým pri syntéze cholesterolu. Zistilo sa, že mevinolin a príbuzné zlúčeniny biologicky syntetizované s použitím zvolených kmeňov rozličných druhov húb sú kompetitívnymi inhĺbítormi tohto enzýmu [Endo, A. a kol.. J. Antibiotics 29, 1346 1348 (1976); Endo, A. a kol., FEBS Lett. 72, 323-326 (1976); Kuo, C. H. a kol., J. Org. Chem. 48, 1991 - 1998 (1983)].Hypercholesterolaemia is considered to be a major risk factor in atherosclerotic disease, especially coronary heart disease. Over the past two decades, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase EC. 1.1.1.34) has been extensively investigated as a major rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Mevinoline and related compounds have been found to be biologically synthesized using selected strains of different fungal species to be competitive inhibitors of this enzyme [Endo, A. et al., J. Antibiotics 29, 1346 1348 (1976); Endo, A. et al., FEBS Lett. 72, 323-326 (1976); Kuo, C. H. et al., J. Org. Chem. 48, 1991-1998 (1983)].
Pravastatin je taktiež členom rodiny inhibítorov HMG-CoA reduktázy. Pravastatin sa najskôr našiel ako minoritný metabolit compactinu v moči psov (Tanaka, M. a kol., nepublikované výsledky) počas metabolických štúdií compactinu [Arai, M. a kol. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 40, 1 - 38 (1988)].Pravastatin is also a member of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor family. Pravastatin was first found as a minor metabolite of compactin in dog urine (Tanaka, M. et al., Unpublished results) during compactin metabolic studies [Arai, M. et al. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 40, 1-38 (1988)].
Hlavnou charakteristickou vlastnosťou pravastatinu ako hydroxylovaného produktu compactinu je jeho tkanivová selektivita. Toto liečivo silne inhibuje syntézu sterolu v pečeni a v tenkom čreve, ale slabo v iných orgánoch. Je výhodné, že pravastatin vykazuje nižšiu toxicitu ako iné inhibítory HMG-CoA reduktázy.The major characteristic of pravastatin as a hydroxylated compactin product is its tissue selectivity. This drug strongly inhibits sterol synthesis in the liver and small intestine, but weakly in other organs. It is preferred that pravastatin exhibits lower toxicity than other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Bolo publikované, že mikrobiálna hydroxylácia compactinu sa môže uskutočniť do rozličného stupňa s použitím niektorých druhov kmeňov, ktoré patria k viacerým rozmanitým rodom húb a s použitím kmeňov druhov aktinomycét, ktoré patria do rodu Nocardia, Actinomadura a Streptomyces, okrem iných Streptomyces roseochromogenes a Streptomyces carbophilus (americké patentové dokumenty US 5,179,013, US 4,448,979, US 4,346,227, US 4,537,859, japonský patentový dokument č. 58,010,572).It has been reported that microbial hydroxylation of compactin can be accomplished to varying degrees using certain strains belonging to several diverse fungal genera and using strains of actinomycetes belonging to the genera Nocardia, Actinomadura and Streptomyces, among others Streptomyces roseochromogenes and Streptomyces carbides US Patent Documents US 5,179,013, US 4,448,979, US 4,346,227, US 4,537,859, Japanese Patent Document No. 58,010,572).
Problém s použitím húb na produkciu pravastatinu z compactinu je v tom, že tieto organizmy vo všeobecnosti nie sú tolerantné na vyššie koncentrácie compactinu v kvapalnom kultivačnom médiu, pravdepodobne z dôvodu ich fungicídnej aktivity [Serizawa, N. a kol., J. Antibiotics 36, 887 - 891 (1983)]. Ukázalo sa, že v Streptomyces carbophilus sa pri hydroxylácii compactinu na pravastatin požaduje cytochrómový P450 systém [Matsuoka, T. a kol., Eur. J.The problem with using fungi to produce pravastatin from compactin is that these organisms are generally not tolerant of higher concentrations of compactin in the liquid culture medium, probably because of their fungicidal activity [Serizawa, N. et al., J. Antibiotics 36, 887-891 (1983)]. Streptomyces carbophilus has been shown to require a cytochrome P450 system when hydroxylating compactin to pravastatin [Matsuoka, T. et al., Eur. J.
-3Biochem. 184, 707 - 713 (1989)], Obťažnosť genetického zlepšenia schopnosti hydroxylácie s použitím takéhoto enzýmu je v tom, že to skôr komplex proteínov než jednoduchý proteín.-3Biochem. 184, 707-713 (1989)], The difficulty of genetically improving the ability to hydroxylate using such an enzyme is that it is a protein complex rather than a single protein.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Naše výskumy sa zamerali na nájdenie aktinomycétového kmeňa, ktorý by produkoval pravastatin zo solí kyslej formy compactinu s vyšším výťažkom a pri použití vyšších koncentrácií substrátu pri biologickej konverzii, než ako sú je to známe z doterajších patentových dokumentov.Our investigations have focused on finding an actinomycetes strain that produces pravastatin from salts of the acid form compactin with higher yields and using higher substrate concentrations in biological conversion than is known from prior patents.
V priebehu skríningu, ktorý zahrňoval približne 6000 aktinomycét, väčšinou našich vlastných izolátov, ale tiež pôvodné kmene z medzinárodných zbierok, sa pre ďalšie štúdie zvolilo päť Streptomyces a päť Micromonospora, pretože sa preukázali ako schopné hydroxylovať sodnú soľ kyslej formy compactinu na pravastatin. Týchto desať aktinomycétových kmeňov, z ktorých osem kmeňov bolo taxonomicky identifikovaných na úrovni druhu v našom laboratóriu, bolo nasledovných:During screening, which included approximately 6000 actinomycetes, mostly our own isolates, but also native strains from international collections, five Streptomyces and five Micromonospora were chosen for further studies because they proved to be able to hydroxylate the sodium form of compactin to pravastatin. The ten actinomycetes strains, eight of which were taxonomically identified at the species level in our laboratory, were as follows:
Streptomyces violaceus (podľa Kämpfer a kol, 1991 ), kmeň č. 1/43.Streptomyces violaceus (according to Kämpfer et al., 1991), strain no. 1/43.
Streptomyces rochei (Berger a kol., 1949; Waksman a Lechevalier, 1953), kmeň č. 1/41.Streptomyces rochei (Berger et al., 1949; Waksman and Lechevalier, 1953), strain no. 1/41.
Streptomyces resistomycificus (Lindenbein, 1952), kmeň č. 1/44.Streptomyces resistomycificus (Lindenbein, 1952), strain no. 1/44.
Streptomyces sp., kmeň č: 1/28.Streptomyces sp., Strain No: 1/28.
Streptomyces lanatus (Frommer, 1959), kmeň č. 1/16.Streptomyces lanatus (Frommer, 1959), strain no. 1/16.
Micromonospora sp., kmeň č. IDR-P3.Micromonospora sp., Strain no. IDR-P 3 .
Micromonospora purpurea (Luedemann a Brodsky, 1964), kmeň č. IDR-P4.Micromonospora purpurea (Luedemann and Brodsky, 1964), strain no. IDR-P 4 .
Micromonospora echinospora (Luedemann a Brodsky, 1964), kmeň č. IDR-P5.Micromonospora echinospora (Luedemann and Brodsky, 1964), strain no. IDR-P 5 .
Micromonospora megalomicea (Weinstein a kol, 1969), kmeň č. IDR-P6.Micromonospora megalomicea (Weinstein et al., 1969), strain no. IDR-P 6 .
Micromonospora rosaria (Horan a Brodsky, 1986), kmeň č. IDR-P7.Micromonospora rosaria (Horan and Brodsky, 1986), strain no. IDR-P 7 .
-4Keďže až doteraz nie sú v literatúre žiadne údaje o schopnosti Micromonospora konvertovať soli kyslej formy compactinu na pravastatin, dôkladne sme preštudovali nielen túto špeciálnu enzymatickú schopnosť, ale tiež taxonomickú pozíciu týchto vyššie uvedených kmeňov Micromonospora.Since so far there is no data in the literature about the ability of Micromonospora to convert salts of the acid form of compactin to pravastatin, we have carefully studied not only this special enzymatic ability, but also the taxonomic position of these Micromonospora strains.
Taxonomická pozícia kmeňov IDR-P3, -P4, -P5, -P6 a -P7 na generickej úrovniGeneric level of IDR-P 3 , -P 4 , -P 5 , -P 6 and -P 7 strains
Všetky tieto kmene produkovali dobre vyvinuté mycéliá, pozostávajúce z rozvetvenej hýfy s priemerom približne 0,4 až 0,7.pm. Aerálne mycélium nie je prítomné alebo sa vyskytuje len v stopách. Nepohyblivé spóry vznikali na sporofóroch samostatne. Hýfy mycélia substrátu sú Gram-pozitívne a nie sú rezistentné voči kyseline. Kmene č. IDR P3 až P7 sú aeróbne, chemoorganotrofické a citlivé voči hodnote pH menej ako 6,0. Steny obsahujú mezodiaminopimelovú kyselinu, Vyššie uvedené diagnostické vlastnosti - ako kľúčové charakteristiky - jasne demonštrujú, že tieto monosporické aktinomycétové kmene sú typickými členmi rodu Micromonospora.All of these strains produced well-developed mycelia, consisting of a branched herd with a diameter of about 0.4 to 0.7 µm. Aeric mycelium is absent or occurs only in traces. Still spores were formed on sporophores separately. The mycelium hyphae of the substrate are Gram-positive and are not acid-resistant. Strains no. IDR P3 to P7 are aerobic, chemoorganotrofické and sensitive to pH below 6.0. The walls contain mesodiaminopimelic acid. The above diagnostic properties - as key characteristics - clearly demonstrate that these monosporic actinomycetes strains are typical members of the genus Micromonospora.
Taxonomický opis Micromonospora sp., kmeň č. IDR-P3 Taxonomic description of Micromonospora sp. IDR-P 3
Mikromorfologické vlastnosti: Mycélium substrátu pozostáva z dobre vyvinutých, viac zakrivených než rovných, monopodiálne rozvetvených vlákien. Spóry na sporofóroch sú jednoduché, guľovité s priemerom približne 1,8 μπι a dispergované viac alebo menej na vláknach hýfy. Spóry sú buď prichytené (bez stopky) alebo na konci krátkych sporofór. V matečných kultúrach sa spóry nepozorovali na hýfach pravdepodobne preto, že uvoľňovanie zrelých spór je veľmi rýchle.Micromorphological properties: The mycelium of the substrate consists of well developed, more curved than straight, monopodially branched fibers. Spores on sporophores are simple, spherical with a diameter of approximately 1.8 μπι, and dispersed more or less on the fibers of the vulture. The spores are either attached (without the stem) or at the end of short sporophores. In the mother cultures, spores were not observed on the hatch, probably because the release of mature spores is very rapid.
Kultivačno-makromorfologické vlastnosti:Culture-macromorphological properties:
Czapekov sacharózový agar: Rast média, kolónie majú červenkastú farbu pokrytú bodkovanými čiernymi sporulačnými oblasťami.Czapek's sucrose agar: Growth of the medium, colonies are reddish in color covered with dotted black sporulation areas.
Glukózo-asparagínový agar: Rast sa zaznamenal ako bodový a vyvýšený, červenkasto-hnedé alebo čierne kolónie. Červenkasté prelínavé pigmenty.Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth was recorded as pointed and elevated, reddish-brown or black colonies. Reddish intertwined pigments.
Živný agar: Priemerný rast,, vyvýšený, červenkasto-hnedé alebo čierne kolónie. Červenkastý exopigment v médiu.Nutrient agar: Average growth, elevated, reddish-brown or black colonies. Reddish exopigment in medium.
-5Agar z kvasinkového extraktu - sladového extraktu (ISP Med.2): Dobre vyvinuté, vyvýšené a zvrásnené hnedé kolónie, pokryté sčasti s čiernymi sporulačnými oblasťami alebo s pseudo-aerálnym mycéliom' (toto sa objavuje ako ohraničený belavý alebo sivastý blok). Hnedastý alebo hnedasto-červený rozpustný pigment.Yeast Extract - Malt Extractgar (ISP Med.2): Well developed, elevated and wrinkled brown colonies, partially covered with black sporulation areas or with pseudo-aerial mycelium '(this appears as a bordered whitish or greyish block). Brownish or brownish-red soluble pigment.
Agar z anorganických solí - škrobu (ISP Med. 4): Rast média červenkastohnedých vyvýšených a zvrásnených kolónií. Svetlo červenkastý rozpustný pigment.Inorganic Salt Starch Agar (ISP Med. 4): Growth of reddish-brown raised and wrinkled colonies. Light reddish soluble pigment.
Glycerol-asparagínový agar (ISP Med. 5): Rast len v stopách, nie celkom biele alebo svetlo oranžové sfarbenie, ploché kolónie, svetlo ružový rozpustný pigment.Glycerol-asparagine agar (ISP Med. 5): Growth in traces only, not completely white or light orange color, flat colonies, light pink soluble pigment.
Využiteľnosť zdroja uhlíka: Dobrý rast na a pozitívna využiteľnosť Larabinózy, D-galaktózy, D-fruktózy, D-glukózy, D-xylózy, laktózy, melibiózy, sacharózy, D-manitolu, dulcitolu, glycerolu and inozitolu. Rast s L-ramnózou, Drafinózou a inulínom bol mierne lepší ako na negatívnom kontrolnom médiu.Carbon source utilization: Good growth for and positive utilization of Larabinose, D-galactose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-xylose, lactose, melibiosis, sucrose, D-mannitol, dulcitol, glycerol and inositol. Growth with L-rhamnose, Drafinose and inulin was slightly better than on the negative control medium.
Využiteľnosť zdroja dusíka: Rast s kvasinkovým extraktom a NZ-amínom, žiadna alebo slabá využiteľnosť NaNO3.Utilization of nitrogen source: Growth with yeast extract and NZ-amine, no or poor availability of NaNO 3 .
Ďalšie fyziologicko-biochemické vlastnosti: Celulóza a škrob sa hydrolyzovali, mlieko sa silne rozkladalo. Test redukcie dusíka bol negatívny. Nepozoroval sa žiaden rast na zemiakových rezkoch bez uhličitanu vápenatého (pH 5,8 až 6,0}. Nepozorovala sa žiadna produkcia melanoidového pigmentu.Other physiological-biochemical properties: Cellulose and starch were hydrolyzed, the milk decomposed strongly. The nitrogen reduction test was negative. No growth was observed on calcium carbonate-free potato shreds (pH 5.8-6.0) No production of melanoid pigment was observed.
Tento kmeň č. IDR-P3 druhu Micromonospora sa izoloval zo vzorky kalu z jazera Balaton (Maďarsko).This strain no. IDR-P 3 of Micromonospora was isolated from a sludge sample from Lake Balaton (Hungary).
Systematické zaradenie: Boli by potrebné ďalšie porovnávacie štúdie na objasnenie presného taxonomického zaradenia tohto kmeňa medzi druhy rodu Micromonospora. Na základe určitých vlastností sa javí nie ako nemožné, že kmeň IDR-P3 môže predstavovať nové druhy s rámci rodu Micromonospora.Systematic classification: Further comparative studies would be needed to clarify the exact taxonomic classification of this strain among Micromonospora species. Due to certain properties, it seems not impossible that the strain IDR-P 3 may represent new species within the genus Micromonospora.
Diferenciálno-diagnostický opis a identifikácia kmeňov Micromonospora IDR-P4, -P5, -Ρβ a -P7Differential diagnostic description and identification of Micromonospora IDR-P4, -P5, -Ρβ and -P7 strains
-6Kmeň IDR-P4-6-IDR-P4 strain
Na vyššie uvedených diagnostických médiách, vo všeobecnosti, dobrý rast, oranžové až oranžovo-červeňé, červené, niekedy žité alebo ružovo sfarbené kolónie. Rozpustné pigmenty a aerálne mycélium sa neprodukovali. Počet samostatných spór je relatívne nízky. Vyskytujú sa na sporofóroch terminálne. Mycélium substrátu pozostáva z dobre rozvetvených hýf. Aerálne mycélium chýba. Žiaden rast na D-melibióze, rafinóze, manitole, glycerole, laktóze, L-ramnóze, avšak dobrý rast na D-arabinóze, glukóze, D-xylóze a slabý rast na D-galaktóze a D-fruktóze. Na základe týchto konvenčných diagnostických vlastností sme identifikovali tento kmeň ako člena druhov Micromonospora purpurea (Luedemann a Brodsky, 1964).On the above diagnostic media, generally, good growth, orange to orange-red, red, sometimes lived or pink colored colonies. Soluble pigments and aerial mycelium were not produced. The number of individual spores is relatively low. They occur terminally on sporophores. The mycelium of the substrate consists of well branched hyphae. Aeric mycelium is missing. No growth on D-melibiosis, raffinose, mannitol, glycerol, lactose, L-rhamnose, but good growth on D-arabinose, glucose, D-xylose and poor growth on D-galactose and D-fructose. Based on these conventional diagnostic properties, we have identified this strain as a member of Micromonospora purpurea (Luedemann and Brodsky, 1964).
Kmeň IDR P5IDR strain P5
Tento kmeň produkuje prevažne samostatné sporofóry a guľovité tmavohnedé až čierne spóry (s priemerom 0,8 až 1,5 pm), ktoré až do dozretia pevne priľnú k sporofórom. Podľa našich pozorovaní s použitím elektrónového mikroskopu, na povrchu týchto spór sa dajú pozorovať bradavičnaté štruktúry alebo výrastky („tupé ostne (blunt spines)“ podľa Vol. 4 Bergey's Manual of Syst. Bact. 1989, str. 2448), čo je veľmi charakteristické pre spóry Micromonospora echinospora. Inak sú kultivačno-morfologické a fyziologické diagnostické vlastnosti tohto kmeňa tiež veľmi podobné vlastnostiam M. echinospora. Farba dobre vyvinutých kolónií na štandardnom diagnostickom médiu je oranžovo-hnedá alebo tmavo purpurová. Sporulačná vrstva je čierna alebo purpurovo-čierna, voskovitá. Aerálne mycélium chýba. Melanínový pigment sa netvorí. Mlieko sa rozkladá. Dobrý rast na D-xylóze, D-arabinóze, D-glukóze a sacharóze, avšak žiadny rast s L-ramnózou, rafinózou, D-galaktózou, D-fruktózou, D-melibiózou a glycerolom. Domnievame sa, že tento kmeň je typickým členom Micromonospora echinospora.This strain produces predominantly separate sporophores and spherical dark brown to black spores (0.8-1.5 µm in diameter) that adhere firmly to the sporophores until maturation. According to our observations using an electron microscope, on the surface of these spores we can see wart structures or growths ("blunt spines" according to Vol. 4 of the Bergey's Manual of Syst. Bact. 1989, p. 2448), which is very characteristic for spores of Micromonospora echinospora. Otherwise, the culture-morphological and physiological diagnostic properties of this strain are also very similar to those of M. echinospora. The color of well developed colonies on standard diagnostic media is orange-brown or dark purple. The sporulating layer is black or magenta-black, waxy. Aeric mycelium is missing. Melanin pigment is not formed. Milk decomposes. Good growth on D-xylose, D-arabinose, D-glucose and sucrose but no growth with L-rhamnose, raffinose, D-galactose, D-fructose, D-melibiosis and glycerol. We believe that this strain is a typical member of Micromonospora echinospora.
Kmeň IDR-P6 IDR-P strain 6
Na väčšine diagnostických médií stredný až slabý rast. Oranžové alebo oranžovo-červené kolónie pozostávali z dlhých rozvetvených vlákien (priemer približne 0,6 pm) a limitovaný počet samostatných, guľovitých, tmavo sfarbenýchMedium to weak growth on most diagnostic media. Orange or orange-red colonies consisted of long branched fibers (approximately 0.6 µm in diameter) and a limited number of individual, spherical, dark colored
-7spór (s priemerom 0,6 až 1,0 pm). Neprodukuje aerálne mycélum, v určitých médiách sa vytvorili slabo červenkasté alebo ružovo sfarbené rozpustné pigmenty. Na tyrozínovom agare sa neprodukovali melanoidové pigmenty. Na základnom médiu sa týmto kmeňom využívali nasledujúce zdroje uhlíka: D-xylóza a D-fruktóza; len slabo: D-melibióza, manitol a galaktóza, avšak žiaden alebo len sporadický rast sa pozoroval s glycerolom, L-ramnózou, laktózou a rafinózou (pozri tiež Kawamoto, I. a koľ: Agric. Biol. Chem., 47, 203 - 215, 1983). Kmeň č. IDR-P6 vykazoval značnú podobnosť s druhmi Micromonospora megalomicea, (Weinstein, 1972) a pokladáme ho za člena toho druhu.-7 spores (0.6-1.0 µm in diameter). It does not produce an aerial mycelium, weakly reddish or pink colored soluble pigments have formed in certain media. Melanoid pigments were not produced on tyrosine agar. The following carbon sources were used on the base medium: D-xylose and D-fructose; only slightly: D-melibiosis, mannitol and galactose but no or sporadic growth was observed with glycerol, L-rhamnose, lactose and raffinose (see also Kawamoto, I. et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 47, 203- 215 (1983). Tribe no. IDR-P6 showed considerable similarity to Micromonospora megalomicea, (Weinstein, 1972) and is considered a member of that species.
Kmeň IDR-PyIDR-Py strain
Dobrý alebo stredný rast na Bennettovom agare, Czapekovom sacharózovom agare, glukózo-asparagínovom agare, živnom agare, na agare z ovsenej múky, agare zemiaky-dextróza a podobne. Farba vegetatívnych myceliálnych pigmentov sa pohybovala v rozsahu od červenkasto-hnedej po purpurovo-hnedú. Na určitých médiách sa vytvorili vínovo-červené difúzne pigmenty. Na povrchu kolónií sa často tvorili čierne škvrny. Vegetatívne hýfy (so stredným priemerom.5 pm) sa intenzívne rozvetvovali. Spóry (s priemerom 1,4 až 1,7 pm) sa tvorili samostatne, prirastené (bez stopky) alebo na krátkych sporofóroch a vyskytovali sa pozdĺž dĺžky hýfy. Rast a sporulácia predstavovali otvorený plnostenný typ podľa Luedemanna. Tento kmeň využíval nasledujúce zlúčeniny ako jediný zdroj uhlíka v médiách: D-glukózu, laktózu, D-manitol, Lramnózu, sukrózu a D-xylózu,: Dulcitol, glycerol, D-melibióza a D-rafinóza sa nevyužívali. Identifikovali sme kmeň č. IDR-P7 ako typický člen Micromonospora rosaria (Horan a Brodsky, 1986).Good or moderate growth on Bennett agar, Czapek sucrose agar, glucose-asparagine agar, nutrient agar, oatmeal agar, potato-dextrose agar and the like. The color of the vegetative mycelial pigments ranged from reddish-brown to purple-brown. Wine-red diffuse pigments have been formed on certain media. Black spots often formed on the surface of the colonies. Vegetative hyphae (mean diameter 5 µm) branched intensively. Spores (1.4-1.7 µm in diameter) formed alone, ingrown (without stalk) or on short sporophores, and occurred along the length of the veneer. Growth and sporulation were Luedemann's open full-body type. This strain used the following compounds as the sole carbon source in the media: D-glucose, lactose, D-mannitol, Lramnose, sucrose and D-xylose: Dulcitol, glycerol, D-melibiosis and D-raffinose were not used. We identified strain no. IDR-P 7 as a typical member of Micromonospora rosaria (Horan and Brodsky, 1986).
Vyššie uvedené kmene Micromonospora sa uložili v Národnej zbierke poľnohospodárskych a priemyselných mikroorganizmov (the National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms, NCAIM), Budapešť, Maďarsko, pod nižšie uvedených číselnými označeniami:The above Micromonospora strains were deposited with the National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms (NCAIM), Budapest, Hungary, under the following code numbers:
Micromonospora sp. IDR-P3 Micromonospora sp. IDR-P 3
Micromonospora purpurea IDR-P4 Micromonospora purpurea IDR - P 4
NCAIM (P) B 001268 NCAIM (P) B 001271NCAIM (P) B 001271
-8Micromonospora echinospora ssp. echinospora IDR P5 NCAIM (P) B 001272 Micromonospora megalomicea ssp. nigra IDR-P5 NCAIM (P) B 001273-8Micromonospora echinospora ssp. echinospora IDR P 5 NCAIM (P) B 001272 Micromonospora megalomicea ssp. nigra IDR-P 5 NCAIM (P) B 001273
Micromonospora rosaria IDR-Ργ NCAIM (P) B 001274Micromonospora rosaria IDR-γ NCAIM (P) B 001274
Na základe vyššie uvedeného, predložený vynález sa týka nového mikrobiálneho spôsobu prípravy pravastatinu vzorca IBased on the above, the present invention relates to a novel microbial process for preparing pravastatin of formula I
O) zo zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca IIO) from a compound of formula II
OD v ktorom R znamená ión alkalického kovu alebo amóniový ión, pomocou submerznej kultivácie kmeňa, ktorý je schopný 6p-hydroxylovať zlúčeninu vzorca II pri aeróbnej fermentácii a separovaním a prečistením zlúčeniny vzorca I vytvorenej v priebehu biologickej konverzie, ktorý zahrňuje krokyOD wherein R is an alkali metal or ammonium ion by submerged strain cultivation capable of 6β-hydroxylation of a compound of Formula II in aerobic fermentation and separation and purification of a compound of Formula I formed during biological conversion comprising the steps of
a) kultivácie kmeňa druhu patriaceho ku rodu Micromonospora, ktorý je schopný ββ-hydroxylovať zlúčeninu vzorca II - kde R má vyššie definovaný význam - na(a) culturing a strain of a species belonging to the genus Micromonospora which is capable of beta-hydroxylation of a compound of formula II - wherein R is as defined above - for
- 9 živnom médiu obsahujúcom asimilovateľné zdroje uhlíka a dusíka a minerálne soli pri teplote 25 až 32 °C, následne- 9 a nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources and mineral salts at a temperature of 25 to 32 ° C, followed by
b) dávkovanie substrátu, ktorý sa má transformovať, do rozvinutej kultúry, potomb) feeding the substrate to be transformed into the developed culture then
c) hydroxylovanie substrátu až do ukončenia biologickej konverzie, potomc) hydroxylating the substrate until the biological conversion is complete, then
d) separovanie zlúčeniny vzorca I z kultivačného bujónu a, v prípade potreby, jej prečistenie.d) separating the compound of formula I from the culture broth and, if necessary, purifying it.
Do rozsahu predloženého vynálezu patria „divé kmene“ a všetky mutanty druhov patriacich do rodu Micromonospora, ktoré sú schopné hydroxylovať sodnú soľ kyslej formy compactinu na pravastatin.Included within the scope of the present invention are "wild strains" and all mutants of species belonging to the genus Micromonospora that are capable of hydroxylating the sodium salt of compactin acid to pravastatin.
Podľa výhodného uskutočnenia predloženého vynálezu pravastatin sa produkuje s kmeňom Micromonospora zvoleným zo skupiny zahrňujúcej druh Micromonospora IDR-P3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268], Micromonospora purpurea IDR-P4 [NCAIM (P) B 001271], Micromonospora echinospora IDR-P5 [NCAIM (P) B 001272], Micromonospora megalomicea IDR P6 [NCAIM (P) B 001273] a Micromonospora rosaria IDR-P7 [NCAIM (P) B 001274],According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention pravastatin is produced with a Micromonospora strain selected from the group consisting of Micromonospora IDR-P 3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268], Micromonospora purpurea IDR-P 4 [NCAIM (P) B 001271], Micromonospora echinospora IDR-P5 [NCAIM (P) B001272], Micromonospora megalomicea IDR P 6 [NCAIM (P) B 001273], and Micromonospora rosaria IDR-P 7 [NCAIM (P) B 001274],
Podlá najvýhodnejšieho uskutočnenia predloženého vynálezu sa pravastatin produkuje kmeňom Micromonospora sp. IDR-P3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268],According to a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, pravastatin is produced by a strain of Micromonospora sp. IDR-P 3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268],
Postup podľa predloženého vynálezu sa môže uskutočňovať spôsobom fermentácie in situ, to znamená, že hydroxylácia sa uskutočňuje s účasťou aktívne rastúcej kultúry Micromonospora.The process of the present invention can be carried out by an in situ fermentation method, that is, the hydroxylation is carried out with an actively growing Micromonospora culture.
Hydroxylácia sa môže uskutočniť pomocou pretrepávania kultúry v trepačkovej banke alebo pomocou prevzdušňovania a pretrepávania vo fermentoroch, po tom ako sa zlúčenina vzorca li pridá k rastúcim kultúram. V takýchto prípadoch sa môže použiť protipeniace činidlo. Primeraná hustota kultúry tohto kmeňa sa môže dosiahnuť použitím vhodného média obsahujúceho využiteľné zdroje uhlíka a dusíka; anorganické soli ako aj stopové prvky.Hydroxylation can be accomplished by shaking the culture in a shake flask or by aerating and shaking in fermenters after the compound of formula I1 has been added to the growing cultures. In such cases, an antifoaming agent may be used. An adequate culture density of this strain can be achieved by using a suitable medium containing useful carbon and nitrogen sources; inorganic salts as well as trace elements.
Napríklad glukóza, glycerol, dextrín, škrob, ramnóza, xylóza, sacharóza a rozpustný škrob sa osvedčili ako asimilovateľné zdroje uhlíka, zatiaľ čo sójováFor example, glucose, glycerol, dextrin, starch, rhamnose, xylose, sucrose and soluble starch have proven to be assimilatable carbon sources, while soybean
-10múčka, kukuričný výluh, peptón, kvasinkový extrakt, mäsový extrakt, citrát amónny a síran amónny sa osvedčili ako dobré zdroje dusíka. Anorganické soli, ako je uhličitan vápenatý, fosforečnan sodný, fosforečnan draselný a podobne, sa môžu pridať ku kultivačnému médiu. Výhodnými médiami pre rast tohto zvoleného kmeňa sú médiá opísané v príkladoch.-10meal, corn extract, peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, ammonium citrate and ammonium sulfate have proven to be good sources of nitrogen. Inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate and the like can be added to the culture medium. Preferred media for growth of this selected strain are those described in the Examples.
Biologická konverzia compactinu na pravastatin sa môže uskutočniť s použitím rozličných metód fermentácie, ako je napríklad kultivácia v dávkach, kultivácia v podávaných dávkach. Výhodne sa používa pretrepávaná kvapalná submerzná kultúra. Výhodná teplota predstavuje približne 25 °C až 37 °C, predovšetkým výhodne približne 25 °C až 32 °C.Biological conversion of compactin to pravastatin can be accomplished using a variety of fermentation methods, such as batch culture, batch culture. Preferably, a shaken liquid submerged culture is used. A preferred temperature is about 25 ° C to 37 ° C, most preferably about 25 ° C to 32 ° C.
Výhodná hodnota pH je približne 6,0 až 9,0, predovšetkým výhodne približne 7,0 až 8,5. Výhodné podmienky pretrepávania predstavujú približne 200 rpm (otáčok za minútu) až 400 rpm, predovšetkým výhodne približne 250 rpm.The preferred pH is about 6.0 to 9.0, particularly preferably about 7.0 to 8.5. Preferred shaking conditions are about 200 rpm to 400 rpm, most preferably about 250 rpm.
Predložený vynález poskytuje spôsob konvertovania kyslej sodnej soli compactinu na pravastatin. Kyslá sodná soľ compactinu sa môže podľa tohto vynálezu použiť v akejkoľvek koncentrácii, ktorá poskytne produkciu pravastatinu. Výhodne predstavuje koncentrácia compactinu medzi 0,1 a 10 g/liter, predovšetkým výhodne medzi približne 0,3 a 3,0 g/liter.The present invention provides a process for converting compactin acid sodium salt to pravastatin. The compactin acid sodium salt of the present invention can be used at any concentration that provides pravastatin production. Preferably, the concentration of compactin is between 0.1 and 10 g / liter, particularly preferably between about 0.3 and 3.0 g / liter.
Predložený vynález je treba chápať tak, že zahrňuje akékoľvek percento konverzie compactinu na pravastatin s použitím kmeňov Micromonospora spp., najmenej 30 % a predovšetkým výhodne najmenej približne 90 %.The present invention is to be understood to include any percent conversion of compactin to pravastatin using strains of Micromonospora spp., At least 30%, and particularly preferably at least about 90%.
V priebehu fermentácie sa kompozícia kultivačného bujónu kontroluje pomocou metódy vysokoúčinnej kvapalinovej chromatografie (HPLC). Podľa metódy HPLC sa vzorka bujónu dvojnásobne zriedi s metanolom, centrifúguje sa a supernatant sa použije na ďalšiu analýzu. Parametre systému HPLC, ktoré sa použijú na analýzu sú: analytické HPLC zariadenie Waters; náplň kolóny: Waters Novapack C18 5 μιτι; meranie pri vlnovej dĺžke 237 nm; injektovaný objem 10 μΙ; prietoková rýchlosť 0,6 až 0,9 ml/min lineárny gradient; použije sa gradientové eluovanie, elučné činidlá: rozpúšťadlo A = acetonitril - 0,1 M NaH2PO4 vo vode (25 : 75), rozpúšťadlo B = acetonitril - voda (pH 2 s H3PO4) (v pomere 70 : 30).During the fermentation, the culture broth composition is checked by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. According to the HPLC method, a sample of broth is diluted twice with methanol, centrifuged and the supernatant used for further analysis. The HPLC system parameters to be used for the analysis are: Waters Analytical HPLC; column packing: Waters Novapack C 18 5 μιτι; measurement at 237 nm; injection volume 10 μΙ; a flow rate of 0.6 to 0.9 ml / min linear gradient; gradient elution was used, eluents: solvent A = acetonitrile - 0.1 M NaH 2 PO 4 in water (25: 75), solvent B = acetonitrile - water (pH 2 with H 3 PO 4 ) (70:30 ratio) ).
-11 Parametre gradientového eluovania:-11 Gradient elution parameters:
Retenčné časy: pravastatin (Na-soľ) 10,6 min; compactin (kyslá Na-soľ)Retention times: pravastatin (Na-salt) 10.6 min; compactin (acid Na-salt)
19.5 min; pravastatin (laktónová forma) 17,3 min, compactin (laktónová forma)19.5 min; pravastatin (lactone form) 17.3 min, compactin (lactone form)
23.5 min.23.5 min.
Na izoláciu pravastatinu sa môže použiť akýkoľvek známy postup, napríklad extrakcia- reextrakcia, aniónová iónomeničová chromatografia, vyzrážanie.Any known procedure may be used to isolate pravastatin, for example extraction-reextraction, anion exchange chromatography, precipitation.
Na získanie produktu zo bujónu je výhodné vziať do úvahy skutočnosť, že počas biologickej konverzie vzniká pravastatin v kyslej forme, teda môže sa izolovať zfiltrátu bujónu pomocou adsorpcie na kolóne aniónovej iónomeničovej živice. Je výhodné, ak sa na izoláciu produktu použije silne zásaditá aniónová iónomeničová živica, ktorou je polystyrénový-divinylbenzénový polymér nesúci kvartérne amóniové aktívne skupiny, napríklad živice Dowex Al 400 (OH'), Dowex 1 x 2 (OH'), Dowex 2x4 (OH'), Amberlite IRA 900 (OH'). Produkt adsorbovaný na iónomeničovej živici sa môže eluovať z kolóny s použitím vodnej kyseliny octovej alebo chloridu sodného obsahujúceho zmes acetón - voda, výhodne s použitím 1 % chloridu sodného obsahujúceho zmes acetón - voda (v pomere 1:1). Frakcie obsahujúce pravastatin sa spoja a acetón, ktorý je v eluáte sa oddestiluje vo vákuu. Hodnota pH koncentrátu sa adjustuje s 15 % kyselinou sírovou na rozsah od 3, 5 do 4,0 a okyslený vodný roztok sa extrahuje s použitím etylacetátu. Z etylacetátového extraktu sa pravastatin môže extrahovať s použitím 1/10 a 1/20 pomeru objemu 5 % hydrogénuhličitanu sodného alebo slabo alkalickej vody (pHIn order to recover the broth product, it is advantageous to take into account the fact that pravastatin is produced in acid form during the biological conversion, i.e. the broth filtrate can be isolated by adsorption on an anion exchange resin column. It is preferred that a strongly basic anionic ion exchange resin, which is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer carrying quaternary ammonium active groups, is used, for example, Dowex Al 400 (OH '), Dowex 1 x 2 (OH'), Dowex 2x4 (OH) Amberlite IRA 900 (OH). The product adsorbed on the ion exchange resin can be eluted from the column using aqueous acetic acid or sodium chloride containing acetone-water, preferably using 1% sodium chloride containing acetone-water (1: 1 ratio). The fractions containing pravastatin are combined and the acetone in the eluate is distilled off in vacuo. The pH of the concentrate is adjusted with 15% sulfuric acid to a range of 3.5 to 4.0 and the acidified aqueous solution is extracted using ethyl acetate. Pravastatin can be extracted from the ethyl acetate extract using a 1/10 and 1/20 volume ratio of 5% sodium bicarbonate or weakly alkaline water (pH
7.5 až 8,0). Zistilo sa, že pravastatin sa môže získať v v čistej forme z vyššie7.5 to 8.0). It has been found that pravastatin can be obtained in pure form from above
-12 získaného alkalického vodného extraktu pomocou stĺpcovej chromatografie na neiónovej adsorpčnej živici. Výhodným spôsobom je, že najskôr sa etylacetát rozpustený vo vodnej fáze odstráni pomocou vákuovej destilácie z alkalického vodného extraktu a potom sa vodný extrakt nanesie na kolónu Diaion HP-20. Pravastatin adsorbovaný na kolóne sa prečistí eluovaním s vodným acetónom, v ktorom sa obsah acetónu postupne zvyšuje, potom sa chromatografické frakcie obsahujúce pravastatin ako jedinú zložku spoja a zahustia sa vo vákuu. Koncentrát sa prečistí s aktívnym uhlím a lyofilizuje sa, potom sa kryštalizuje zo zmesi etanol etylacetát, pričom sa získa pravastatin v kvalite prijateľnej pre farmaceutické použitie.-12 of the alkaline aqueous extract obtained by column chromatography on a non-ionic adsorption resin. Preferably, the ethyl acetate dissolved in the aqueous phase is first removed from the alkaline aqueous extract by vacuum distillation, and then the aqueous extract is applied to a Diaion HP-20 column. The pravastatin adsorbed on the column is purified by elution with aqueous acetone in which the acetone content is gradually increased, then the chromatographic fractions containing pravastatin as the only component are combined and concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate is purified with charcoal and lyophilized, then crystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate to give pravastatin in a quality acceptable for pharmaceutical use.
Po ukončení biologickej konverzie sa pravastatin môže extrahovať buď z fermentačného bujónu alebo z filtrátu získaného po separácii hmoty mycélia. Posledne uvedené sa môže odstrániť buď filtráciou alebo centrifúgovaním, avšak výhodné je, predovšetkým v priemyselnom merítku, uskutočniť extrakciu celého bujónu. Pred extrakciou sa hodnota pH buď fermentačného bujónu alebo filtrátu bujónu adjustuje na 3,5 až 3,7 s minerálnou kyselinou, výhodne so zriedenou kyselinou sírovou. Extrakcia sa uskutoční s esterom kyseliny octovej s 2 až 4 atómami uhlíka obsahujúcim alifatický alkohol, výhodne s etylacetátom alebo s izobutylacetátom. Etylacetátový extrakt sa premyje vodou a vysuší sa s bezvodým síranom sodným. Potom sa pripraví z pravastatinu laktónový derivát. Uzavretie laktónového kruhu sa uskutoční vo vysušenom roztoku etylacetátu pri laboratórnej teplote, pri kontinuálnom miešaní vyvolaním tvorby laktónu s katalytickým množstvom kyseliny trifluóroctovej. Uzavretie laktónového kruhu sa overí pomocou analýzy chromatografíou na tenkej vrstve (TLC). Po ukončení tvorby laktónu sa etylacetátový roztok premyje najskôr s 5 % vodným roztokom hydrogénuhličitanu sodného a potom s vodou a odparí sa vo vákuu. Zmes sa prečistí chromatografíou na silikagélovej kolóne s použitím zmesi etylacetát - nhexán ako elučného činidla, s postupným zvyšovaním obsahu etylacetátu. Pravastatin sa pripraví z laktónu pravastatinu hydrolýzou pri laboratórnej teplote v acetóne s ekvivalentným množstvom hydroxidu sodného. Po ukončení tvorby sodnej soli pravastatinu sa pravastatin vyzráža s acetónom. Zrazenina sa potom odfiltruje a premyje s acetónom a n-hexánom a vysuší vo vákuu, potom sa kryštalizuje zo zmesi etanol - etylacetát.After completion of the biological conversion, pravastatin can be extracted either from the fermentation broth or from the filtrate obtained after separation of the mycelium mass. The latter can be removed either by filtration or by centrifugation, but it is advantageous, especially on an industrial scale, to extract the whole broth. Prior to extraction, the pH of either the fermentation broth or the broth filtrate is adjusted to 3.5-3.7 with a mineral acid, preferably dilute sulfuric acid. The extraction is carried out with an acetic acid ester of 2 to 4 carbon atoms containing an aliphatic alcohol, preferably ethyl acetate or isobutyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was washed with water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. A lactone derivative is then prepared from pravastatin. The lactone ring closure is carried out in a dried solution of ethyl acetate at room temperature, with continuous stirring, inducing the formation of lactone with a catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid. Lactone ring closure was verified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. After completion of the lactone formation, the ethyl acetate solution is washed first with 5% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and then with water and evaporated in vacuo. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate-n-hexane as eluent, gradually increasing the ethyl acetate content. Pravastatin is prepared from pravastatin lactone by hydrolysis at room temperature in acetone with an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide. Upon completion of pravastatin sodium formation, pravastatin precipitates with acetone. The precipitate is then filtered off and washed with acetone and n-hexane and dried in vacuo, then crystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate.
-13Zistilo sa, že chromatografia na géle Sephadex LH-20 sa dá výhodne použiť na prečistenie pravastatinu. Pomocou tejto metódy sa môže pripraviť pravastatin s vynikajúcou čistotou 99,5 % (merané pomocou HPLC).It has been found that Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography can be advantageously used to purify pravastatin. With this method pravastatin can be prepared with an excellent purity of 99.5% (measured by HPLC).
V priebehu našich experimentov sa zistili nasledujúce zistenia: z extraktu organického rozpúšťadla, výhodne z extraktu etylacetátu alebo z extraktu izobutylacetátu bujónu alebo filtrátu bujónu kmeňa Micromonospora sp. IDR-P3, ktorý je schopný 6p-hydroxylovať zlúčeninu všeobecného vzorca II, sa pravastatin môže vyzrážať vo forme kryštalickej soli so sekundárnymi amínmi. Okrem toho sa zistilo, že na tvorbu soli sú vhodné niektoré sekundárne amíny obsahujúce alkylové, cykloalkylové, aralkylové alebo arylové substituenty. Spomedzi nich boli zvolené vhodné netoxické sekundárne amíny, napríklad dioktylamín, dicyklohexylamín, dibenzylamín. Izolácia medziproduktov solí organických sekundárnych amínov, napríklad soli dibenzylamínu, sa uskutočnila pridaním dibenzylamínu v množstve 1,5 ekvivalentu vztiahnuté na obsah pravastatinu extraktu, potom sa extrakt zahustil destiláciou vo vákuu na 5 % svojho pôvodného objemu, následne sa do koncentrátu pridalo ďalšie množstvo dibenzylamínu v pomere 0,2 ekvivatentu. Kryštalická soľ dibenzylamínu sa z koncentrátu vyzrážala. Kryštalický surový produkt sa prefiltroval a vysušil vo vákuu a prečistil sa s aktívnym uhlím v roztoku metanolu alebo acetónu. Potom sa rekryštalizáciou prečisteného produktu z acetónu môže získať chromatograficky čistý medziprodukt dibenzylamínovej soli pravastatinu.In the course of our experiments, the following findings have been found: from an organic solvent extract, preferably from ethyl acetate extract or isobutyl acetate extract of broth or broth filtrate of the strain Micromonospora sp. IDR-β 3 , which is capable of 6β-hydroxylation of a compound of formula II, pravastatin may precipitate as a crystalline salt with secondary amines. In addition, some secondary amines containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl substituents have been found suitable for salt formation. Among these, suitable non-toxic secondary amines, such as dioctylamine, dicyclohexylamine, dibenzylamine, have been selected. Isolation of organic secondary amine salt intermediates such as dibenzylamine salt was accomplished by adding 1.5 equivalents of dibenzylamine based on the pravastatin content of the extract, then concentrating the extract by vacuum distillation to 5% of its original volume, followed by additional dibenzylamine in the concentrate. ratio of 0.2 equiv. The crystalline dibenzylamine salt precipitated from the concentrate. The crystalline crude product was filtered and dried under vacuum and purified with activated carbon in methanol or acetone solution. Thereafter, a chromatographically pure intermediate of pravastatin dibenzylamine salt can be obtained by recrystallization of the purified product from acetone.
Organické sekundárne aminové soli pravastatinu sa môžu transformovať na pravastatin s použitím hydroxidu sodného alebo alkoxidu sodného, výhodne etoxidu sodného.The organic secondary amine salts of pravastatin can be transformed into pravastatin using sodium hydroxide or sodium alkoxide, preferably sodium ethoxide.
Izolácia pravastatinu prostredníctvom medziproduktu soli sekundárneho amínu je jednoduchším postupom než akýkoľvek z doteraz známych postupov izolácie. V priebehu spôsobu sa netvoria artefakty a separácia pravastatinu z vedľajších produktov biologickej konverzie a z rozličných metabolických produktov biologicky syntetizovaných pomocou hydroxylácie mikroorganizmu sa môže výhodne vyriešiť.Isolation of pravastatin by the intermediate amine salt intermediate is a simpler procedure than any of the prior art isolation procedures. Artifacts are not formed during the process and the separation of pravastatin from the by-products of biological conversion and from the various metabolic products biologically synthesized by hydroxylation of the microorganism can advantageously be solved.
- 14Spôsob podľa predloženého vynálezu je znázornený pomocou nasledujúcich príkladov.The method of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Príklad 1Example 1
Spóry sa získali z povrchu 7 až 10 dňovej šikmej kultúry kmeňa Micromonospora sp. IDR-P3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268 rozpustného škrobového agaru (SM) a suspendovali sa v 5 ml sterilnej destilovanej vody. Táto suspenzia sa potom použila na naočkovanie 100 ml sterilného TI inokuiačného média v 500 ml Erlenmeyerovej banke.Spores were obtained from the surface of a 7-10 day slant culture of Micromonospora sp. IDR-P 3 [NCAIM (P) B 001268 soluble starch agar (SM) and suspended in 5 ml of sterile distilled water. This suspension was then used to inoculate 100 ml of sterile TI inoculation medium in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
Zloženie SM médiaComposition of SM media
Rozpustný škrob 10,0 gSoluble starch 10.0 g
Na2HPO4 1,15 gNa 2 HPO 4 1.15 g
KH2PO4 0.25 gKH 2 PO 4 0.25 g
KCl 0,2 gKCl 0.2 g
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0,2 gMgSO 4 x 7 H 2 O 0.2 g
Agar 15,0 g v 1000 ml destilovanej vodyAgar 15.0 g in 1000 ml of distilled water
Hodnota pH média sa pred sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0 a zmes sa sterilizovala pri teplote 121 °C počas 25 minút.The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.0 prior to sterilization and the mixture was sterilized at 121 ° C for 25 minutes.
Zloženie TI médiaTI media composition
Rozpustný škrob 20,0 gSoluble starch 20.0 g
Kvasinkový extrakt 10,0 g v 1000 ml vodovodnej vodyYeast extract 10.0 g in 1000 ml tap water
Hodnota pH sa pred sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0 a spracovávala sa za tepla pri 121 °C počas 25 minút.The pH was adjusted to 7.0 before sterilization and heat-treated at 121 ° C for 25 minutes.
Vyvíjajúca sa kultúra sa pretrepávala na rotačnej trepačke (250 rpm; rozkmit:The evolving culture was shaken on a rotary shaker (250 rpm; amplitude:
2,5 cm) počas 3 dní pri teplote 32 °C, potom sa jej 5 ml alikvotný podiel použil na2.5 cm) for 3 days at 32 [deg.] C., then a 5 ml aliquot was used on
-15 naočkovanie desiatich Erlenmeyerových baniek s objemom 500 ml, z ktorých každá obsahovala 100 ml TT média sterilizovaného pri teplote 121 °C počas 25 minút.-15 inoculate ten 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks each containing 100 ml of TT medium sterilized at 121 ° C for 25 minutes.
Zloženie TT médiaComposition of TT media
Zemiakový škrob 30,0 gPotato starch 30.0 g
Sójová múčka 30,0 gSoya meal 30.0 g
CaCC>3 5,0 gCaCC> 3 5.0 g
C0CI2 x 6 H2O 2,0 mgCO 2 x 6 H 2 O 2.0 mg
Palmový olej 2,0 g v 1000 ml vodovodnej vodyPalm oil 2.0 g in 1000 ml tap water
Hodnota pH sa pred tepelnou sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0.The pH was adjusted to 7.0 before heat sterilization.
Inkubácia sa uskutočnila pri teplote 32 °C počas 72 hodín, potom sa do každej banky pridalo 50 mg kyslej sodnej soli compactinu v destilovanej vode a v kultivácii sa pokračovalo počas 96 hodín. Miera konverzie kyslej sodnej soli compactinu na pravastatin, ktorá sa merala pomocou HPLC, predstavovala 82 %.Incubation was performed at 32 ° C for 72 hours, then 50 mg of compactin acid sodium salt in distilled water was added to each flask and cultivation was continued for 96 hours. The conversion rate of compactin acid sodium salt to pravastatin as measured by HPLC was 82%.
Po ukončení fermentácie sa kultúry spojili a zo získaného spoločného fermentačného bujónu, ktoré obsahovalo 410 mg pravastatinu, sa jeho izolácia uskutočnila nasledovne: Fermentačný bujón sa centrifúgoval pri 2500 rpm počas 20 minút. Supernatant bujónu a myceliálna masa sa oddelili, potom sa posledne uvedené resuspendovalo v 250 ml vody a získaná suspenzia sa miešala počas jednej hodiny a potom sa prefiltrovala. Hodnota pH spojeného centrifúgovaného bujónu a filtrátu sa adjustovali s použitím 15 % kyseliny sírovej na 4,0, potom sa kyslý filtrát extrahoval s 3 x 300 ml etylacetátu. Spojené etylacetátové extrakty sa premyli s 300 ml vody, vysušili sa s bezvodým síranom sodným a zahustili vo vákuu na objem 100 ml. Potom sa laktón pravastatinu pripravil z pravastatinu pridaním kyseliny trifluóroctovej v katalytickom množstve pri laboratórnej teplote pri kontinuálnom miešaní. Tvorba laktónu pravastatinu sa monitorovala pomocou TLC metódy: adsorbent: Kieselgel 60 F254 DC (Merck) hliníková fólia; vyvolávači roztok: zmes acetón - benzén - kyselina octová (v pomere 50 : 50 : 1,5); detekcia: s reagentom fosfomolybdénovej kyseliny. Hodnota Rf laktónu pravastatinuAfter fermentation, the cultures were pooled and recovered from the common fermentation broth containing 410 mg pravastatin as follows: The fermentation broth was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 20 minutes. The broth supernatant and the mycelial mass were separated, then the latter was resuspended in 250 ml of water and the resulting suspension was stirred for one hour and then filtered. The pH of the combined centrifuged broth and filtrate was adjusted to 4.0 using 15% sulfuric acid, then the acidic filtrate was extracted with 3 x 300 mL ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with 300 mL of water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 100 mL. Thereafter, pravastatin lactone was prepared from pravastatin by adding trifluoroacetic acid in a catalytic amount at room temperature with continuous stirring. Pravastatin lactone formation was monitored by TLC method: adsorbent: Kieselgel 60 F254 DC (Merck) aluminum foil; developing solution: acetone-benzene-acetic acid (50: 50: 1.5); detection: with phosphomolybdenoic acid reagent. Pravastatin lactone Rf value
- 16predstavovala 0,7. Po ukončení tvorby laktónu sa etylacetát premyl s 2 x 20 ml 5 % vodného roztoku hydrogénuhličitanu sodného, potom sa premyl s 20 ml vody, vysušil sa s bezvodým síranom sodným a odparil sa vo vákuu. Získalo sa 0,5 g odpareného zvyšku, ktorý sa chromatografoval na kolóne obsahujúcej 10 g adsorbenta Kieselgel 60 (priemer kolóny : 1,2 cm, výška lôžka adsorbenta: 17 cm). Na eluovanie sa použila zmes etylacetát - n-hexán, pričom sa obsah etylacetátu postupne zvyšoval. Laktón pravastatinu sa eluoval z kolóny so zmesou 60 % etylacetátu - 40 % n-hexánu. Frakcie obsahujúce laktón pravastatinu sa spojili a odparili sa vo vákuu. Získaný zvyšok, ktorý obsahoval 230 mg laktónu pravastatinu, sa rozpustil v 5 ml acetónu a potom sa za miešania pridalo 110 molárnych percent hydroxidu sodného v 1 M etanolového roztoku. V miešaní roztoku sa pokračovalo počas pol hodiny pri laboratórnej teplote. Potom sa roztok zahustil na objem 2 ml a ku koncentrátu sa pridali 4 ml acetónu. Zmes sa udržiavala pri teplote + 5 °C cez noc. Zrazenina sa odfiltrovala, premyla sa s 2 ml acetónu a potom s 2 ml n-hexánu a vysušila sa vo vákuu pri laboratórnej teplote. Výsledný surový pravastatin sa rozpustil v etanole, prečistil sa s aktívnym uhlím, potom sa kryštalizoval zo zmesi etanol - etylacetát. Týmto spôsobom sa získalo 170 mg pravastatinu.- 16 was 0.7. After completion of the lactone formation, the ethyl acetate was washed with 2 x 20 mL of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, then washed with 20 mL of water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. 0.5 g of evaporated residue was obtained, which was chromatographed on a column containing 10 g of Kieselgel 60 adsorbent (column diameter: 1.2 cm, adsorbent bed height: 17 cm). Ethyl acetate-n-hexane was used to elute and the ethyl acetate content gradually increased. Pravastatin lactone was eluted from the column with 60% ethyl acetate-40% n-hexane. The pravastatin lactone containing fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo. The residue, which contained 230 mg pravastatin lactone, was dissolved in 5 ml acetone and then 110 mol% sodium hydroxide in 1 M ethanol solution was added with stirring. Stirring of the solution was continued for half an hour at room temperature. The solution was then concentrated to 2 ml and 4 ml of acetone was added to the concentrate. The mixture was kept at + 5 ° C overnight. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with 2 ml of acetone and then with 2 ml of n-hexane and dried in vacuo at room temperature. The resulting crude pravastatin was dissolved in ethanol, purified with charcoal, then crystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate. 170 mg of pravastatin were obtained.
Teplota topenia 170 až 173 °C (rozklad) [a]oZ = + 156 0 (c = 0,5, vo vode).Melting point 170-173 ° C (decomposition) [α] D = + 156 0 (c = 0.5, in water).
Ultrafialové absorpčné spektrum (20 pg/ml, v metanole): Xmax = 231 , 237, 245 nm (log ε = 4,263; 4,311; 4,136).Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (20 µg / ml, in methanol): λ max = 231, 237, 245 nm (log ε = 4.263; 4.311; 4.136).
Infračervené absorpčné spektrum (KBr): vOH 3415, vCH 2965, vC=O 1730, vCOO' 1575 cm'1.Infrared Absorption Spectrum (KBr): vOH 3415, v CH 2965, v C = 0 1730, v COO 1575 cm -1 .
1H-NMR spektrum (D2O, δ, ppm): 0,86, d, 3H (2-CH3); 5,92, dd, J = 10,0 a 5,4 Hz, 1H (3-H): 5,99, d, J = 10,0 Hz, 1H (4-H); 5,52, br, 1H (5-H); 4.24, m, 1H (6-H); 5,34, br, 1H (8-H); 4,06, m, 1H (β-Η), 3,65, m, 1H (δ-Η); 1,05, d, 3H (2’-CH3); 0,82, t, 3H <4'-H3). 1 H-NMR spectrum (D 2 O, δ, ppm): 0.86, d, 3H (2-CH 3 ); 5.92, dd, J = 10.0 and 5.4 Hz, 1H (3-H): 5.99, d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H (4-H); 5.52, br. 1H (5-H); 4.24, m, 1 H (6-H); 5.34, br. 1H (8-H); 4.06, m, 1H (β-Η), 3.65, m, 1H (δ-Η); 1.05, d, 3H (2'-CH 3); 0.82, t, 3H (4'-H 3 ).
-1713C-NMR spektrum (D20, δ, ppm): 15,3, q (2-CH3l); 139,5, d (C-3); 129,5, d (C-4); 138,1, s (C-4a); 127,7, d (C-5); 66,6, d (C-6); 70,1, d (C-8); 182,6, s (COO’); 72,6, d (C-β); 73,0, d (C-δ); 182,0, s (C-ľ); 18,8, q (2'-CH3); 13,7, q (C-4').-17 13 C-NMR (D 2 0, δ, ppm): 15.3, q (2-CH 3,); 139.5, d (C-3); 129.5, d (C-4); 138.1, s (C-4a); 127.7, d (C-5); 66.6, d (C-6); 70.1, d (C-8); 182.6, s (COO '); 72.6, d (C-b); 73.0, d (C-δ); 182.0, s (C-1 '); 18.8, q (2'-CH 3); 13.7, q (C-4 ').
Pozitívne FAB hmotnostné spektrum (charakteristické ióny): [M+Naf 469; [M+Hf 447. Negatívne FAB hmotnostné spektrum [charakteristické ióny): [M-H]' 445, [MNa]' 423, m/z 101 [2-metyl-butánová kyselina -H]'.Positive FAB mass spectrum (characteristic ions): [M + Na] + 469; [M + H] + 447. Negative FAB mass spectrum [characteristic ions]: [M-H] - 445, [MNa] - 423, m / z 101 [2-methyl-butanoic acid -H] -.
Príklad 2Example 2
Desať Erlenmeyerových baniek s objemom 500 ml, z ktorých každá obsahovala 100 ml biokonverzného médium MTi, sa naočkovali s inokulačnou kultúrou pripravenou ako je opísané v príklade 1, potom sa inkubovali pri teplote 28 °C počas 96 hodín a do každej banky sa pridalo 50 mg kyslej sodnej soli compactinu v destilovanej vode, hydroxylácia sa potom uskutočnila počas 72 hodín, keď sa ku kultúram pridalo ďalších 50-50 mg substrátu v destilovanej vode a vo fermentácii sa pokračovalo počas 72 hodín.Ten 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing 100 ml MTi bioconversion medium, were seeded with an inoculation culture prepared as described in Example 1, then incubated at 28 ° C for 96 hours and 50 mg added to each flask. compactin sodium salt in distilled water, hydroxylation was then performed for 72 hours, when an additional 50-50 mg of substrate in distilled water was added to the cultures and the fermentation was continued for 72 hours.
Zloženie biokonverzného médium MT1 Composition of bioconversion medium MT 1
Zemiakový škrob 10,0 gPotato starch 10.0 g
Dextróza 20,0 gDextrose 20.0 g
Sójová múčka 10,0 gSoya meal 10.0 g
Kvasinkový extrakt 10,0 gYeast extract 10.0 g
CaCO3 5,0 gCaCO3 5.0 g
Slnečnicový olej 2,0 g v 1000 ml vodovodnej vodySunflower oil 2.0 g in 1000 ml tap water
Hodnota pH biokonverzného média sa pred sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0. Zmes sa sterilizovala pri teplote 121 °C počas 25 minút.The pH of the bioconversion medium was adjusted to 7.0 before sterilization. The mixture was sterilized at 121 ° C for 25 minutes.
Po ukončení obdobia biologickej konverzie sa kultúry spojili a pravastatin sa izoloval z celkového bujónu v súlade s nasledujúcim postupom:At the end of the biological conversion period, the cultures were pooled and pravastatin was isolated from the total broth in accordance with the following procedure:
Spojený bujón, ktorý obsahoval 750 mg pravastatinu, podľa skúšky pomocou HPLC, sa centrifúgoval pri 2500 rpm počas 20 minút. Separovaná hmotaThe pooled broth containing 750 mg pravastatin, as determined by HPLC, was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 20 minutes. Separated matter
- 18mycélia sa miešala s 250 ml vody počas jednej hodiny, potom sa prefiltrovala. Centrifúgovaný bujón a filtrát sa spojili a pH výsledného roztoku sa adjustovala na hodnotu 3,5 - 4,0, s 15 % kyselinou sírovou, potom sa roztok extrahoval s 3 x 300 ml etylacetátu. Potom sa k etylacetátovému extraktu pridalo 150 molárnych percent dibenzylamínu - vztiahnuté na obsah pravastatinu. Etylacetátový extrakt sa odparil na približne 30 ml objemu a suspenzia sa udržiavala cez noc pri teplote 0 až 5 °C. vyzrážaná kyslá dibenzylamínová soľ pravastatinu sa odfiltrovala a premyla sa na filtri s chladným etylacetátom a /7-hexánom, napokon sa vysušila vo vákuu. 1,1 g surovej kyslej dibenzylamínovej soli pravastatinu sa rozpustilo v 33 ml acetónu pri teplote 62 až 66 °C a roztok sa prečistil s 0,1 g aktívneho uhlia počas pol hodiny. Následne sa aktívne uhlie z roztoku odstránilo filtráciou. Kryštály vyzrážané z prečisteného roztoku sa znova rozpustili pri vyššie uvedenej teplote, potom sa roztok udržiaval cez noc pri teplote + 5 °C. Zrazenina sa odfiltrovala, premyla sa s chladným acetónom a n-hexánom a vysušila sa vo vákuu. Získaná kyslá dibenzylamínová soľ pravastatinu (0,7 g) sa suspendovala v 10 ml etanolu, potom sa pridalo 110 molárnych percent hydroxidu sodného vo forme 1 M vodného roztoku. V miešaní alkalického roztoku sa pokračovalo počas pol hodiny pri laboratórnej teplote. Po ukončení tvorby sodnej soli sa pridalo 30 ml vody a pH roztoku sa neutralizovalo a potom sa etanol oddestiloval vo vákuu. Vodný koncentrát sa chromatografoval na kolóne naplnenej s 50 ml živice Diaion H P 20 (priemer kolóny: 1,5 cm, výška živicového lôžka 28 cm). Kolóna sa eluovala so zmesou acetón - deionizovaná voda, pričom koncentrácia acetónu sa zvyšovala v 5% krokoch. Pravastatin sa eluoval z kolóny 15% acetónom obsahujúcim zmes acetón - deionizovaná voda. Frakcie sa analyzovali s použitím metódy TLC, ktorá je uvedená v príklade 1. Hodnota Rf pravastatinu predstavovala 0,5. Frakcie obsahujúce pravastatin sa spojili a obsah acetónu sa odparil vo vákuu. Lyofilizáciou vodného zvyšku sa získalo 390 mg chromatograficky čistého pravastatinu.The 18 mycelium was stirred with 250 ml of water for one hour, then filtered. The centrifuged broth and filtrate were combined and the pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 with 15% sulfuric acid, then the solution was extracted with 3 x 300 mL ethyl acetate. Then, 150 mole percent of dibenzylamine - based on pravastatin content - was added to the ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was evaporated to approximately 30 mL volume and the suspension was kept overnight at 0-5 ° C. The precipitated acid dibenzylamine salt of pravastatin was filtered off and washed on a filter with cold ethyl acetate and β-hexane, finally dried in vacuo. 1.1 g of the crude acid dibenzylamine salt of pravastatin was dissolved in 33 ml of acetone at 62-66 ° C and the solution was purified with 0.1 g of activated carbon for half an hour. Subsequently, the activated carbon was removed from the solution by filtration. The crystals precipitated from the purified solution were redissolved at the above temperature, then the solution was kept overnight at + 5 ° C. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with cold acetone and n-hexane and dried in vacuo. The obtained pravastatin acid dibenzylamine salt (0.7 g) was suspended in 10 ml of ethanol, then 110 mol% sodium hydroxide was added as a 1 M aqueous solution. Stirring of the alkaline solution was continued for half an hour at room temperature. After the formation of the sodium salt was complete, 30 ml of water was added and the pH of the solution was neutralized, and then the ethanol was distilled off in vacuo. The aqueous concentrate was chromatographed on a column packed with 50 ml of Diaion HP 20 resin (column diameter: 1.5 cm, resin bed height 28 cm). The column was eluted with acetone-deionized water, increasing the acetone concentration in 5% steps. Pravastatin was eluted from the column with 15% acetone containing acetone-deionized water. Fractions were analyzed using the TLC method of Example 1. The pravastatin R f value was 0.5. The fractions containing pravastatin were combined and the acetone content was evaporated in vacuo. Lyophilization of the aqueous residue gave 390 mg of chromatographically pure pravastatin.
Príklad 3Example 3
4,5 litre TT/1 média sa v laboratórnom fermentore sterilizovalo pri teplote 121 °C počas 45 minút a potom sa naočkovalo s 500 m! inokulačnej trepanej kultúry pripravenej ako je opísané v príklade 1, následne sa zmes inkubovala pri teplote 32 °C, prevzdušnila sa s 250 I sterilného vzduchu/hodinu a miešala sa4.5 liters of TT / L medium was sterilized in a laboratory fermenter at 121 ° C for 45 minutes and then inoculated with 500 ml. shake culture prepared as described in Example 1, then incubated at 32 ° C, aerated with 250 L of sterile air / hour and mixed
-19s použitím miešadla s plochými lopatkami pri 300 rpm. V inkubácii sa pokračovalo počas 72 hodín a ku kultúre sa pridalo 2,5 g kyslej sodnej soli compactinu. Po 48hodinovom období biologickej konverzie sa substrát compactinu celkom spotreboval z fermentačného bujónu, potom sa do kultúry pridalo ďalších 2,5 g kyslej sodnej soli compactinu. Druhá dávka compactinu sa spotrebovala v rozsahu 24 hodín. Miera konverzie kyslej sodnej solí compactinu na pravastatin predstavovala pri spôsobe biologickej konverzie približne 90 %.-19 using a flat blade stirrer at 300 rpm. Incubation was continued for 72 hours and 2.5 g of compactin acid sodium salt was added to the culture. After a 48 hour biological conversion period, the compactin substrate was completely consumed from the fermentation broth, then an additional 2.5 g of compactin acid sodium salt was added to the culture. The second dose of compactin was consumed within 24 hours. The conversion rate of compactin acid sodium salt to pravastatin was about 90% in the biological conversion process.
Zloženie biokonverzného média TT/2Composition of TT / 2 bioconversion medium
Glukóza 75,0 gGlucose 75.0 g
Rozpustný škrob 50,0 gSoluble starch 50.0 g
Sójová múčka 50,0 gSoya meal 50.0 g
Kvasinkový extrakt 50,0 gYeast extract 50.0 g
Peptón 5,0 gPeptone 5.0 g
NaNO3 20,0 gNaNO 3 20.0 g
CaCO3 25,0 g v 4500 ml vodovodnej vodyCaCO 3 25.0 g in 4500 ml tap water
Príklad 4Example 4
4,5 litre TT/1 fermentačného média sa v laboratórnom fermentore sterilizovalo pri teplote 121 °C počas 45 minút a potom sa naočkovalo s 500 m! inokulačnej trepanej kultúry pripravenej ako je opísané v príklade 1, následne sa zmes inkubovala pri teplote 28 °C, prevzdušnila sa s 200 I sterilného vzduchu/hodinu a miešala sa s použitím miešadla s plochými lopatkami pri 400 rpm.4.5 liters of TT / L fermentation broth were sterilized in a laboratory fermentor at 121 ° C for 45 minutes and then inoculated with 500 ml. shake culture prepared as described in Example 1, then the mixture was incubated at 28 ° C, aerated with 200 L of sterile air / hour, and mixed using a flat blade stirrer at 400 rpm.
Zloženie biokonverzného média TT/1Composition of TT / 1 bioconversion medium
Glukóza 125,0 gGlucose 125.0 g
Zemiakový škrob 25,0 gPotato starch 25.0 g
Sójová múčka 50,0 gSoya meal 50.0 g
Kvasinkový extrakt (Gistex) 50,0 gYeast extract (Gistex) 50.0 g
-20Peptón-20Peptón
CoCI2 x 6 H2OCoCl 2 x 6 H 2 O
Slnečnicový olejSunflower oil
50,0 g50,0 g
10,0 mg10.0 mg
10,0 g v 4500 ml vodovodnej vody10.0 g in 4500 ml of tap water
Hodnota pH biokonverzného média sa pred sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0.The pH of the bioconversion medium was adjusted to 7.0 before sterilization.
V kultivácii sa pokračovalo pri teplote 28°C počas 96 hodín. Potom sa pridalo 2,5 g kyslej sodnej soli compactinu v sterilnom prefiltrovanom vodnom roztoku kultúry. Na piaty deň fermentácie sa kyslá sodná soľ compactinu úplne spotrebovala z fermentačného bujónu. Nadávkovanie substrátu sa potom zopakovalo denne počas ďalších 3 dní v dávkach 2,5 g/deň. Substrát kyslej sodnej soli compactinu sa postupne spotreboval počas štyroch dní a kompletne sa konvertoval na pravastatin. Podľa výsledkov meraní HPLC na konci fermentačného obdobia sa z 10 g substrátu compactinu vyprodukovalo 9 g pravastatinu.Cultivation was continued at 28 ° C for 96 hours. Then 2.5 g of compactin acid sodium salt in a sterile filtered aqueous culture solution were added. On the fifth day of fermentation, the compactin acid sodium salt was completely consumed from the fermentation broth. Substrate dosing was then repeated daily for a further 3 days at doses of 2.5 g / day. The compactin acid sodium salt substrate was gradually consumed over four days and completely converted to pravastatin. According to HPLC measurements at the end of the fermentation period, 9 g pravastatin was produced from 10 g compactin substrate.
Po ukončení biologickej konverzie sa pravastatin pripravený v koncentrácii 1800 pg/ml izoloval nasledovne:After completion of the biological conversion, pravastatin prepared at a concentration of 1800 pg / ml was isolated as follows:
litrov kultivačného bujónu sa centrifúgovalo pri 2500 rpm počas 20 minút. Potom sa k separovanej myceliálnej mase pridali 2 litre vody a suspenzia sa miešala počas jednej hodiny a prefiltrovala sa. Tieto dva filtráty sa spojili a nechali sa prejsť prietokovou rýchlosťou 500 ml/hodinu cez kolónu obsahujúcu 300 g (540 ml) živice Dowex A1 400 (OH') (priemer kolóny: 4 cm, výška živicového lôžka: 43 cm), živicové lôžko sa potom premylo s 1 litrom deionizovanej vody. Následne sa kolóna eluovala s 1 litrom zmesi acetón - voda (v pomere 1:1), obsahujúcej 10 g chloridu sodného, pričom sa zachytilo 50 ml frakcií. Frakcie sa analyzovali s použitím metódy TLC uvedenej v príklade 1. Frakcie obsahujúce produkt sa spojili a acetón sa oddestiloval vo vákuu. Hodnota pH koncentrátu sa adjustovala na 3,5 až 4,0 s použitím 15 % kyseliny sírovej, potom sa koncentrát extrahoval s 3 x 250 ml etylacetátu. Ku spojenému etylacetátovému extraktu sa pridalo 40 m! deionizovanej vody, pH sa adjustovala na hodnotu 7,5 až 8,0 s použitím 1 M hydroxidu sodného. Po 15 minútach miešania sa vodná a etylacetátová fáza oddelili, etylacetátový roztok sa extrahoval s 2 x 40 ml deionizovanej vody, ako jeL of culture broth was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 20 minutes. Then 2 liters of water were added to the separated mycelial meat and the suspension was stirred for one hour and filtered. The two filtrates were combined and passed at a flow rate of 500 ml / hour through a column containing 300 g (540 ml) of Dowex A1 400 (OH ') resin (column diameter: 4 cm, resin bed height: 43 cm), then washed with 1 liter of deionized water. Subsequently, the column was eluted with 1 liter of acetone-water (1: 1) containing 10 g of sodium chloride, collecting 50 ml of fractions. Fractions were analyzed using the TLC method of Example 1. Fractions containing the product were combined and acetone distilled off in vacuo. The pH of the concentrate was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 using 15% sulfuric acid, then the concentrate was extracted with 3 x 250 mL ethyl acetate. To the combined ethyl acetate extract was added 40 ml. of deionized water, the pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.0 using 1 M sodium hydroxide. After stirring for 15 minutes, the aqueous and ethyl acetate phases were separated, the ethyl acetate solution was extracted with 2 x 40 mL deionized water, such as
-21 uvedené vyššie. Spojený alkalický vodný roztok sa potom zahustil na objem 50 ml a chromatogratoval sa na kolóne naplnenej so 600 ml Diaion HP2O (Mitsubishi Co., Japan), neiónovej adsorbčnej živice (priemer kolóny: 3,8 cm, výška živicového lôžka: 53 cm). Kolóna sa premyla so 600 ml deionizovanej vody, potom sa eluovala so zmesou acetón - deionizovaná voda, kde koncentrácia acetónu sa zvyšovala v 5 % krokoch, pričom sa zachytilo 50 ml frakcií. Eluát sa analyzoval s použitím metódy TLC uvedenej v príklade 1. Pravastatin sa eluoval z kolóny s použitím zmesi acetón - deionizovaná voda, obsahujúcej 15 % acetónu. Frakcie obsahujúce pravastatin ako jedinú zložku sa spojili a roztok sa zahustil vo vákuu na objem 150 ml. Následne sa ku zahustenému vodnému roztoku pridalo 0,6 g aktívneho uhlia a pravastatin sa prečistil pri laboratórnej teplote počas jednej hodiny. Aktívne uhlie sa následne odfiltrovalo a filtrát sa lyofilízoval. Výsledných 6,5 g lyofilizovaného pravastatinu sa kryštalizovalo dvakrát zo zmes etanol a etylacetát. Zrazenina sa odfiltrovala a premyla sa s 20 ml etylacetátu a 20 ml n-hexánu a vysušila sa vo vákuu pri laboratórnej teplote. Takto sa získalo 4,6 g chromatograficky čistého pravastatinu.-21 above. The combined alkaline aqueous solution was then concentrated to a volume of 50 ml and chromatographed on a column packed with 600 ml of Diaion HP2O (Mitsubishi Co., Japan), a nonionic adsorption resin (column diameter: 3.8 cm, resin bed height: 53 cm). The column was washed with 600 ml deionized water, then eluted with acetone-deionized water where the acetone concentration was increased in 5% steps to collect 50 ml fractions. The eluate was analyzed using the TLC method of Example 1. Pravastatin was eluted from the column using acetone-deionized water containing 15% acetone. Fractions containing pravastatin as a single component were combined and the solution concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 150 mL. Subsequently, 0.6 g of activated carbon was added to the concentrated aqueous solution, and pravastatin was purified at room temperature for one hour. The activated carbon was then filtered off and the filtrate was lyophilized. The resulting 6.5 g of lyophilized pravastatin was crystallized twice from a mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with 20 ml of ethyl acetate and 20 ml of n-hexane and dried in vacuo at room temperature. 4.6 g of chromatographically pure pravastatin are thus obtained.
Príklad 5Example 5
Suspenzia spór sa pripravila s 5 ml sterilnej destilovanej vody z povrchu 10dňovej šikmej kultúry rozpustného škrobového agaru, ako je opísané v príklade 1, kmeňa Micromonospora echinospora ssp. echinospora IDR-P5 [NCAIM (P) B 001272] - ktorá bola schopná 6p-hydroxylácie kyslej sodnej soli compactinu - a získaná suspenzia spór sa použila na naočkovanie 100 m! inokulačného média TI sterilizovaného v 500 ml Erlenmeyerovej banke. Zloženie média TI bolo ako je opísané v príklade 1. Inokulované médium sa pretrepávalo na rotačnej trepačke (250 rpm, rozkmit 2,5 cm; počas 3 dni pri teplote 28 °C, potom sa alikvotné časti 5 ml vyvinutej kultúry prenieslo do 100-100 ml biokonverzného média TT/1 sterilizovaného v 500 ml Erlenmeyerových bankách počas 25 minút pri teplote 121 °C. Zloženie média TT/1 je opísané v príklade 4. Banky sa pretrepávali na rotačnej trepačke (250 rpm; rozkmit 2,5 cm) počas 3 dní pri teplote 25 °C, potom sa ku kultúram pridalo 10-10 mg substrátu compactinu (kyslá sodná soľ compactinu) v sterilnom prefiltrovanom vodnom roztoku a vo fermentácii sa pokračovalo počas 168 hodín.A spore suspension was prepared with 5 ml of sterile distilled water from the surface of a 10-day slant culture of soluble starch agar as described in Example 1, Micromonospora echinospora ssp. echinospora IDR-P 5 [NCAIM (P) B 001272] - which was capable of 6β-hydroxylation of compactin acid sodium salt - and the obtained spore suspension was used to inoculate 100 µl! inoculation medium T1 sterilized in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The composition of the T1 medium was as described in Example 1. The inoculated medium was shaken on a rotary shaker (250 rpm, shaking 2.5 cm; for 3 days at 28 ° C, then aliquots of 5 ml of the developed culture were transferred to 100-100 ml of TT / 1 bioconversion medium sterilized in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks for 25 minutes at 121 ° C. The composition of TT / 1 medium is described in Example 4. The flasks were shaken on a rotary shaker (250 rpm; swing at 2.5 cm) for 3 minutes. days at 25 ° C, then 10-10 mg of compactin substrate (compactin acid sodium salt) in sterile filtered aqueous solution was added to the cultures and the fermentation was continued for 168 hours.
-22Na konci biologickej konverzie sa obsah pravastatinu vo fermentačnom médiu stanovil s použitím metódy HPLC. Priemerná koncentrácia pravastatinu predstavovala 40 pg/ml.At the end of the biological conversion, the pravastatin content of the fermentation broth was determined using an HPLC method. The mean pravastatin concentration was 40 pg / ml.
Príklad 6Example 6
Fermentácia, dávkovanie substrátu a biologická konverzia sa uskutočnili s kmeňom IDR-P6l [NCAIM (P) B 001273] Micromonospora megalomicea ssp. nigra, ako bolo opísané v príklade 5. Obsah pravastatinu vo fermentačnom bujóne sa stanovil s použitím metódy HPLC. Na konci biologickej konverzie predstavoval obsah pravastatinu v médiu 50 pg/ml.Fermentation, substrate dosing and biological conversion were performed with strain IDR-P 61 [NCAIM (P) B 001273] Micromonospora megalomicea ssp. nigra as described in Example 5. The pravastatin content of the fermentation broth was determined using HPLC. At the end of the biological conversion, the pravastatin content in the medium was 50 pg / ml.
Príklad 7 ml alikvotných podielov inokulačnej kultúry kmeňa IDR-P4 [NCAIM (P) B 001271] Micromonospora purpurea, pripraveného ako je opísané v príklade 1, sa použilo na naočkovanie 100-100 ml TT/14 média rozdeleného v 500 ml Erlenmeyerových bankách a sterilizovalo sa počas 25 minút pri teplote 121 °C.Example 7 ml aliquots of IDR-P4 strain inoculation culture [NCAIM (P) B 001271] Micromonospora purpurea, prepared as described in Example 1, was used to inoculate 100-100 ml TT / 14 medium distributed in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and sterilized. at 25 ° C for 25 minutes.
Zloženie média TT/14TT / 14 media composition
Zemiakový škrob 5,0 gPotato starch 5.0 g
Glukóza 25,0 gGlucose 25.0 g
Kvasinkový extrakt (GISTEX) 15,0 gYeast extract (GISTEX) 15.0 g
Peptón 15,0 gPeptone 15.0 g
CaCO3 1,0 g v 1000 ml vodovodnej vodyCaCO3 1.0 g in 1000 ml tap water
Hodnota pH biokonverzného média sa pred sterilizáciou adjustovala na 7,0.The pH of the bioconversion medium was adjusted to 7.0 before sterilization.
Banky sa pretrepávali na rotačnej trepačke (250 rpm, rozkmit 2,5 cm) počas 3 dní. Dávkovanie substrátu, biologická konverzia a stanovenie obsahu pravastatinu sa uskutočnilo ako je opísané v príklade 5. Na konci biologickej konverzie predstavoval obsah pravastatinu vo fermentačnom bujóne 40 pg/ml.The flasks were shaken on a rotary shaker (250 rpm, swing 2.5 cm) for 3 days. Substrate dosing, biological conversion and determination of pravastatin content were performed as described in Example 5. At the end of the biological conversion, the pravastatin content in the fermentation broth was 40 pg / ml.
Príklad 8Example 8
-23Fermentácia, dávkovanie substrátu a biologická konverzia sa uskutočnili s kmeňom IDR-P7, [NCAIM (P) B 001274] Micromonospora rosaria, ako bolo opísané v príklade 1. Na konci biologickej konverzie sa vo fermentačnom bujóne s použitím metódy HPLC stanovilo 350 pg/ml pravastatinu.-23Fermentation, substrate dosing and biological conversion were performed with strain IDR-P7, [NCAIM (P) B 001274] Micromonospora rosaria as described in Example 1. At the end of the biological conversion, the fermentation broth was determined to be 350 pg / min in the fermentation broth. ml pravastatin.
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HU9902352A HUP9902352A1 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Process for producing pravastatin by microbiological way |
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HUP9902352A1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2000-09-28 | Gyógyszerkutató Intézet Kft. | Process for producing pravastatin by microbiological way |
ATE342717T1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2006-11-15 | Teva Gyogyszergyar Zartkoeruee | METHOD FOR RECOVERING STATIN COMPOUNDS FROM A FERMENTATION BROTH |
US7001919B2 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2006-02-21 | Teva Gyogyszergyar Reszvenytarsasag | Forms of pravastatin sodium |
PL361230A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2004-10-04 | Biogal Gyogyszergyar Rt. | Pravastatin sodium substantially free of pravastatin lactone and epi-pravastatin, and compositions containing same |
JP3236282B1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2001-12-10 | 三共株式会社 | How to purify pravastatin |
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US6716615B2 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2004-04-06 | Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Ltd. | Strains of saccharaothrix, process for producing pravastatin using the strains and isolation process of (HMG)-CoA reductase |
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CN1244688C (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2006-03-08 | 上海天伟生物制药有限公司 | Microbe and process for preparing pravastatin sodium |
CA2546377A1 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2005-06-09 | Teva Gyogyszergyar Zartkoruen Mukodo Reszvenytarsasag | Method of purifying pravastatin |
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RU2522806C1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-07-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Центр "Биоинженерия" Российской академии наук | Improved method of purification of pravastatin |
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