SK43999A3 - A method of filling a capsule - Google Patents

A method of filling a capsule Download PDF

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Publication number
SK43999A3
SK43999A3 SK439-99A SK43999A SK43999A3 SK 43999 A3 SK43999 A3 SK 43999A3 SK 43999 A SK43999 A SK 43999A SK 43999 A3 SK43999 A3 SK 43999A3
Authority
SK
Slovakia
Prior art keywords
neck portion
free end
cartridge
liquid
filling
Prior art date
Application number
SK439-99A
Other languages
Slovak (sk)
Other versions
SK285394B6 (en
Inventor
Michael E Garrett
Original Assignee
Boc Group Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boc Group Plc filed Critical Boc Group Plc
Publication of SK43999A3 publication Critical patent/SK43999A3/en
Publication of SK285394B6 publication Critical patent/SK285394B6/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/069—Break point in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0736—Capsules, e.g. CO2

Abstract

A method of filling a capsule with helium comprises making a first crimp in a neck portion of the capsule spaced from the free end of the neck and subsequently making a second crimp at or immediately adjacent the free end of the neck to effectively form a chamber between the two crimps which inhibits the helium reaching the free end which is subsequently welded. <IMAGE>

Description

Spôsob plnenia bombičkyMethod of filling the cartridge

Oblasť technikyTechnical field

Vynález sa týka bombičiek, obsahujúcich objem kvapaliny pod vysokým tlakom, najmä medzi 30.106 až 80.106 Pa.The invention relates to cylinders containing a volume of liquid under high pressure, in particular between 30.10 6 and 80.10 6 Pa.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Zatavenie zatvorenej bombičky je známe v prípadoch, kedy sa využíva tlak kvapaliny na vypudenie inej látky, ako je tomu pri vyprázdňovaní zásobníka piva alebo pri získavaní sódovky zo sifónovej fľaše. Bombičky sa môžu tiež využiť v prípade zásobníka kvapalín, ako je tomu v prípade nápojov a piva, skladovaných pod tlakom.Sealing of the closed cartridge is known in cases where the liquid pressure is used to expel another substance, such as emptying the beer container or recovering soda from a siphon bottle. The cartridges can also be used in the case of a liquid reservoir, as is the case with beverages and beer stored under pressure.

Je tiež známe použitie zatavených bombičiek, obsahujúcich hélium pod vysokým tlakom, v lekárskych prístrojoch, kedy sa využíva energia stlačeného lítia na pretlačenie terapeutického činidla kožou pacienta.It is also known to use sealed capsules containing helium under high pressure in medical devices using compressed lithium energy to push the therapeutic agent through the skin of a patient.

Vo zverejnenej PCT prihláške WO94/24 263 sa opisuje injekčná striekačka bez ihly, spojená s kovovou bombičkou s obsahom hélia pod vysokým tlakom. Tá sa používa na pretlačenie čiastočiek terapeutického činidla kožou pacienta bez bolestivého pocitu. Bombičku je možné oddeliť od zvyšnej injekčnej striekačky a po jej použití sa môže naplniť novou dávkou plynu alebo sa takáto bombička môže zahodiť a na striekačku sa napojí nová bombička.PCT Publication No. WO94 / 24 263 discloses a needle-free syringe coupled to a high pressure helium metal cartridge. This is used to push the therapeutic agent particles through the skin of the patient without a painful feeling. The cartridge can be detached from the remaining syringe and, after use, can be filled with a new dose of gas or the cartridge can be discarded and a new cartridge attached to the syringe.

V prípadoch, keď sa bombička zahodí, je dôležité, aby sa dala vyrobiť jednoduchšie a lacnejšie. Pri lekárskych aplikáciách je výhodným tlakovým pohonom plynové hélium, pretože je veľmi ľahké, vhodné ako pohonné činidlo terapeutických látok, pretože po náraze na kožu pacienta unikne do atmosféry okolo a neprenikne kožou pacienta. Ale pretože je hélium veľmi ľahké, ťažko sa v zásobníčku alebo bombičke udrží, unikne totiž aj najmenšou štrbinkou.In cases where the cartridge is discarded, it is important that it can be made easier and cheaper. In medical applications, helium gas is the preferred pressure propulsion because it is very light, suitable as a propellant for therapeutic agents, since it will escape into the atmosphere around the patient's skin and do not penetrate the patient's skin. But because helium is very light, it is difficult to hold in the reservoir or cartridge, because it escapes even the smallest crevice.

Je preto zmyslom a úlohou tohto vynálezu nájsť spôsob plnenia bombičky kvapalinou za vysokého tlaku, predovšetkým potom spôsob plnenia plynovej bombičky héliom pod tlakom najmenej 30.10® Pa.It is therefore an object and object of the present invention to provide a method of filling a cartridge with a high pressure liquid, in particular a method of filling a gas cartridge with helium at a pressure of at least 30 · 10 Pa.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Podľa tohto vynálezu spôsob plnenia bombičky, ktorou je puzdro s dutým priestorom, z ktorého vyčnieva dutá časť charakteru krčka, kvapalinou pod tlakom obsahuje:According to the present invention, a method of filling a cartridge, which is a hollow space housing from which a hollow portion of the neck protrudes, is pressurized with fluid under pressure:

a) nasadenie, kvapalino-tesným spôsobom, plniaceho uzáveru na voľný koniec krčkovej časti zo začiatku so zreteľom na evakuovanie dutého priestoru s následným naplnením dutého priestoru kvapalinou pod tlakom;a) applying, in a liquid-tight manner, a filling cap to the free end of the neck portion initially with a view to evacuating the hollow space and then filling the hollow space with liquid under pressure;

b) zatiaľ čo je plniaci uzáver stále na svojom mieste a kvapalina stále pod tlakom, zúženie krčkovej časti v mieste medzi dutým priestorom a koncom krčkovej časti;b) while the filling cap is still in place and the fluid is still under pressure, the neck portion narrows at a point between the hollow space and the end of the neck portion;

c) odstránenie plniaceho uzáveru, čím sa odkryje voľný koniec krčkovej časti;c) removing the filler cap to expose the free end of the neck portion;

d) použitie druhého zúženia v mieste alebo v bezprostrednom susedstve voľného konca krčkovej časti;d) applying a second constriction at or adjacent to the free end of the neck portion;

aand

e) zvarenie voľného konca krčkovej časti, takže sa tým bombička hermeticky uzavrie.e) welding the free end of the neck portion so that the cartridge is hermetically sealed.

S výhodou je použité, ako kvapalina, skvapalnené hélium pod tlakom najmenej 30.106 Pa.Preferably, liquefied helium is used as a liquid at a pressure of at least 30.10 6 Pa.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Uskutočnenie podľa tohto vynálezu bude teraz opísané cestou príkladu s odkazom na pripojené vyobrazenia , ktoré sú na pripojených obrázkoch, kde na obr. 1 je prierezový pohľad na bombičku, obsahujúcu kvapalinu pod tlakom, na obr. 2 je podobný prierez, ako na obr. 1, ale obsahujúci prvé zúženie na krčkovej časti bombičky a, obr. 3 sa podobá obr. 1 a 2, ale obsahuje druhé zúženie na krčkovej časti podľa tohto vynálezu.An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge containing a pressurized liquid, FIG. 2 is a cross-section similar to FIG. 1, but comprising a first constriction on the neck portion of the cartridge a, FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 1 and 2, but includes a second neck portion in accordance with the present invention.

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Ako je zrejmé, bombičkou 1 je duté valcovité teleso 2, napríklad z hliníka alebo zliatiny hliníka, z ktorého vyčnieva predĺžená krčková časť 4 menšieho priemeru v porovnaní s časťou 2. Krčková časť 4 má zo začiatku otvorený voľný koniec 6.As can be seen, the cartridge 1 is a hollow cylindrical body 2, for example of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, from which the extended neck portion 4 of a smaller diameter protrudes from the portion 2. The neck portion 4 initially has an open end 6.

Ak je želané naplniť bombičku 1 kvapalinou, akou je skvapalnené hélium pod tlakom, pripojí sa nezakreslený plniaci uzáver spôsobom, ktorý je ako taký známy, na voľný koniec 6 krčkovej časti 4. Plniaci uzáver sa najskôr spojí s vákuom, aby sa evakuovala dutá valcovitá časť 2, pričom sa táto časť 2 naplní kvapalinou pod tlakom. Zatiaľ čo je plniaci uzáver stále na mieste na voľnom konci krčkovej časti 4 a tlak sa stále vyvodzuje na kvapalinu v dutej časti 2, krčková časť 4 sa zúži v mieste, vzdialenom od uvedeného voľného konca 6 (pozri obr. 2). Toto zúženie sa uskutoční dostatočne pevne, aby sa predišlo akémukoľvek podstatnejšiemu úniku kvapaliny z dutej časti, to znamená z dutej valcovitej časti 2.If it is desired to fill the cartridge 1 with a liquid such as liquefied helium under pressure, a non-drawn filler cap is attached in a manner known per se to the free end 6 of the neck portion 4. The filler cap is first coupled to vacuum to evacuate the hollow cylindrical portion 2, wherein this part 2 is filled with a pressurized liquid. While the filler cap is still in place at the free end of the neck portion 4 and the pressure is still applied to the liquid in the hollow portion 2, the neck portion 4 narrows at a location remote from said free end 6 (see FIG. 2). This constriction is made strong enough to prevent any substantial leakage of liquid from the hollow part, i.e. the hollow cylindrical part 2.

Plniaci uzáver sa ďalej odstráni z voľného konca krčkovej časti 4, takže sa tým odkryje uvedený voľný koniec 6. Bezprostredne potom, čo sa odkryje voľný koniec 6 sa uskutoční druhé zúženie (pozri obr. 3) v mieste voľného konca alebo v bezprostrednom susedstve a v podstate v rovnakom čase sa laserovo uzavrie voľný koniec 6, takže sa tým hermeticky zataví voľný koniec krčkovej časti 4.The filler cap is further removed from the free end of the neck portion 4, thereby exposing said free end 6. Immediately after the free end 6 has been uncovered, a second constriction (see Fig. 3) is performed at the free end location or in the immediate vicinity and substantially at the same time, the free end 6 is laser closed so that the free end of the neck portion 4 is hermetically sealed.

Účelom prvého zúženia je predísť tomu, aby sa kvapalina pod tlakom dostala k druhému zúženiu a preto aj k voľnému koncu 6, takže laserové uzavretie je možné uskutočniť bez vzniku dierok s plynovou permeabilitou. Skutočne obidve zúženia definujú vnútorný priestor, ktorý predchádza alebo inhibuje možnosť kvapaliny pod tlakom dosiahnuť miesta, kde sa má uzavrieť voľný koniec 6 krčkovej časti 4.The purpose of the first constriction is to prevent the liquid under pressure from reaching the second constriction and hence the free end 6 so that the laser closure can be performed without the formation of holes with gas permeability. Indeed, both constrictions define an interior space that prevents or inhibits the possibility of the fluid under pressure to reach the points where the free end 6 of the neck portion 4 is to be closed.

Zúženie sa dá uskutočniť cirkulárnou zápustkou alebo priamym zovretím.The constriction may be accomplished by a circular die or by direct clamping.

Ak sa má bombička použiť v spojitosti s injekčnou striekačkou bez ihly, potom kvapalnou náplňou bude hélium pod tlakom najmenej 30.106 Pa.If the cartridge is to be used in conjunction with a needle-free syringe, the liquid filling will be helium at a pressure of at least 30.10 6 Pa.

Je úplne jasné, že sú tu možné aj iné použitia, kedy bombička bude obsahovať plyn alebo kvapalinu pod tlakom podstatne nižšom, ako je 30.106 Pa.It is clear that other uses are possible where the cartridge will contain a gas or liquid at a pressure substantially lower than 30 bar.

Claims (4)

PATENTOVÉ NÁROKY tyPATENT CLAIMS you VIN 1. Spôsob plnenia bombičky, zloženej z dutej vlastnej časti s dutou krčkovou časťou, z nej vyčnievajúcej, kvapalinou pod tlakom, vyznačujúci sa tým, že zahrnuje stupneA method for filling a cartridge comprising a hollow self-contained portion with a hollow neck portion projecting therefrom with a fluid under pressure, comprising the steps of: a) nasadenie plniaceho uzáveru kvapalino-tesným spôsobom na voľný koniec krčkovej časti zo začiatku so zreteľom na evakuovanie dutého priestoru s následným naplnením dutého priestoru kvapalinou pod tlakom,a) fitting the filler cap in a liquid-tight manner to the free end of the neck portion initially with a view to evacuating the hollow space and then filling the hollow space with liquid under pressure; b) zatiaľ čo je plniaci uzáver stále na svojom mieste a kvapalina stále pod tlakom, zúženie krčkovej časti v mieste medzi dutým priestorom a koncom krčkovej časti,b) while the filler cap is still in place and the liquid is still under pressure, the neck portion narrows at a point between the hollow space and the end of the neck portion, c) odstránenie plniaceho uzáveru, čím sa odkryje voľný koniec krčkovej časti,c) removing the filler cap to expose the free end of the neck portion; d) použitie druhého zúženia v mieste alebo v bezprostrednej blízkosti voľného konca krčkovej časti a,(d) the use of a second constriction at or adjacent to the free end of the neck portion; and e) zvarenie voľného konca krčkovej časti pri hermetickom uzavretí bombičky.e) welding the free end of the neck portion at the hermetic seal of the cartridge. 2. Spôsob podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že sa ako kvapalina použije kvapalné hélium pod tlakom najmenej 30.106Pa.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that liquid helium is used at a pressure of at least 30 bar. 3. Spôsob podľa nároku 1 alebo 2, vyznačujúci sa tým, že bombička je vyrobená z hliníka alebo zliatiny hliníka.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cartridge is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. 4. Spôsob podľa ktoréhokoľvek z nárokov 1 až 3, vyznačujúci sa tým, že sa voľný koniec krčkovej časti laserovo zvarí a bombička sa tým hermeticky uzavrie.Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the free end of the neck part is laser welded and the cartridge is thereby hermetically sealed.
SK439-99A 1998-04-03 1999-04-01 A method of filling a capsule SK285394B6 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9807175.6A GB9807175D0 (en) 1998-04-03 1998-04-03 Gas capsule

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SK43999A3 true SK43999A3 (en) 1999-11-08
SK285394B6 SK285394B6 (en) 2007-01-04

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Family Applications (1)

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SK439-99A SK285394B6 (en) 1998-04-03 1999-04-01 A method of filling a capsule

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EP (1) EP0947760B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000028096A (en)
AU (1) AU742318B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2267483C (en)
CZ (1) CZ300634B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69934159T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2274603T3 (en)
GB (1) GB9807175D0 (en)
HU (1) HU226351B1 (en)
PL (1) PL190106B1 (en)
SK (1) SK285394B6 (en)
ZA (1) ZA992515B (en)

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RU2690394C2 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-06-03 Акционерное общество "Военно-промышленная корпорация "Научно-производственное объединение машиностроения" Device for gas cylinder charging and sealing by welding
US20190240694A1 (en) 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Airgas, Inc. Method for filling pressurized gas cartridges for medical use

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Publication number Publication date
DE69934159D1 (en) 2007-01-11
EP0947760A3 (en) 1999-12-01
HUP9900776A3 (en) 2001-06-28
CZ111599A3 (en) 1999-12-15
EP0947760A2 (en) 1999-10-06
EP0947760B1 (en) 2006-11-29
AU742318B2 (en) 2001-12-20
HU226351B1 (en) 2008-09-29
ES2274603T3 (en) 2007-05-16
DE69934159T2 (en) 2007-09-27
HUP9900776A2 (en) 2000-05-28
PL332350A1 (en) 1999-10-11
HU9900776D0 (en) 1999-05-28
AU2245599A (en) 1999-10-14
PL190106B1 (en) 2005-10-31
ZA992515B (en) 1999-10-05
JP2000028096A (en) 2000-01-25
SK285394B6 (en) 2007-01-04
CZ300634B6 (en) 2009-07-08
CA2267483A1 (en) 1999-10-03
GB9807175D0 (en) 1998-06-03
CA2267483C (en) 2007-01-30

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MM4A Patent lapsed due to non-payment of maintenance fees

Effective date: 20100401