SK382592A3 - Method of gasification of resistant, paste and liquid excesses waste substances - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for gasification of solid, pasty and liquid residues and waste substances, having a wide range of organic and inorganic noxious substances, comprises gasifying the residues and/or waste substances in a fixed bed pressure gasifier (1), with carboniferous condensates (15) and fine-grained ash (25) constituents from the solid bed gasification process being converted together with liquid residues eg spent oil (19), and/or waste substances in a flue current gasifier (23) and with the soot/water residue (30) from a quench (28) of the flue current gasifier (23) being returned to the fixed bed pressure gasifier (1). <IMAGE>

Description

(57) Solid and pasty residual and / or waste materials are gasified in a fixed bed gasifier, where the hydrocarbon-containing condensates and fine ash particles from the fixed bed gasification are treated together with the liquid residual and / or waste materials in a jet gasifier. and the residues from the water and gas treatment plants are fed back to the fixed bed pressure gasification auxiliaries.

Pet

Combined method of gasification of solid, pasty and special residual and waste substances

Technical field

The present invention relates to a process for the gasification of solid, pasty and combustible residual and waste materials.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The least expensive way to remove solid waste is to deposit it in open or underground depots. However, waste disposal sites are serious problems. As a result of leaching, groundwater is contaminated, and quality soil losses can also be caused by fires.

A more favorable way of reducing these problems is by sanitary ground treatment by composting and covering the waste with soil.

However, in larger urban agglomerations, it is not possible to count on this method to a greater extent, as the places for its reslization were increasingly scouring. In both of these methods, incineration of waste is expected before field waste. While such waste incineration will substantially reduce waste and reduce leaching pollution, it also presents new environmental problems, such as air pollution and increased residual content. Although it is possible to achieve a volume reduction from SO to 90 &apos;, the residuals and ash are in any case not biologically inactive, so the field treatment must follow. Consequently, the recovery of certain values is essentially minimal.

The proposal to carry waste gasification brings so-called. Anderson method (US pst.sp. j 723 293). In addition, waste materials are fed to the top of the vertically located shaft furnace, and oxygen is fed to the bottom. In carrying out this process, the crushed waste is weighed in an unconcentrated form. The liquid slag produced in the lower part is continuously de-polluted. The disadvantage of this process is that crushed waste is rammed in the reactor, which has the disadvantages of reducing power and the risk of explosion.

According to DE-OS 26 19 302, gasification of waste in shaft furnaces in the form of pellets has been reduced. However, this method can only be used to gasify pre-specified pellets at normal pressure and with the removal of liquid slag.

uZi s

23o5é describes the way in which:

the upper parts of the reactor are of particularly reversible waste material from the caretakers for advice. e to s under n:

parts of the psk liquid condensate from the lentils with the night can be used to eliminate the waste, to fix the poor poorly. eliminate the ornate and scarcely proposed harmful substances.

By using a fixed bed fixation and by solving the suscense gas cooling at 3 ° C, dioxin and fursna synthesis cannot be excluded.

According to DE-OS 33 12 353, the gasification gasifier consists of a gasifier in a primary process with a secondary gasification of the particulate gas, the waste slag being trapped in a molten sodium carbonate bath.

'This' method is used to. prevents the reaction of heavy metals, especially vanadium, with the masonry.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a small amount of the solid and liquid waste stream is expelled, whereas the destruction of the hydrocarbon species and dioxin in the secondary reactor can only be partially achieved.

The object and the object of the invention are to be found. at the same time, in terms of the environment, it is economically advantageous to utilize capsule, pasty and solid waste and / or waste substances which are burdened with harmful substances of inorganic and / or organic origin.

Fodstats of the invention

According to the invention, a fixed bed pressure gasifier and a jet gasifier are operated at the same time, being 1-80% solid or 1-10% solid and / or 1-20% pasty residual carbonaceous and / or waste loaded with organic and / or inorganic pollutants converted in a fixed bed gasifier into a useful gas, wherein the residence time of the residual and / or waste materials in a reducing atmosphere to> 35 ° C and <400 ° C as well as the residence time of the residual and / or waste materials in the fixed bed gasifier up to direct contact with the produced raw gas having a temperature > leaving the fixed bed bed gasifier cooled to <20 ° C, is more than 1 hour.

The solid and / or pasty residual and / or offsets may be, for example, contaminated soil, plastic waste, wood, rubber products, oil-containing wastes, medical residues, tar residues, color deposits, sewage sludge in fine-grained, coarse, paste or an agglomerated form, wherein they may be further reduced, for example, by aliphatic, aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans with sulfur compounds and heavy metals.

In a fixed bed pressure gasifier, the volatile organic compounds are separated, which, when the raw gas is cooled in a closed system, is recovered in similar hydrocarbon fractions.

Folychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and furans are heated under pressure in a fixed bed gasifier

Λ atmosphere to> 1 200 G completely destroyed.

If, however, their proportions are carried out by means of the raw gas, these substances, by virtue of their properties, enter the liquid hydrocarbons formed during the condensation.

These are either <3 without or together with the liquid residual and / or waste substances, which are burdened with organic pollutants, converted into a gasifier at a gasifier.>

300 ° C and a residence time of> 3 s in useful gas, which is cooled ns · <203 ° C after leaving the gasifier.

Liquid, pumpable residual or waste materials can be, for example, used oil, solvents, lacquer and paint sludge, and coloring suspensions which contain analogous groups of harmful substances as discussed above.

At the bottom of the gasifier the pressure in the fixed bed occur out in the ^temperature> 1200 ° C for targeted granulation produced .mu.Ci neeluovatelr.á ash fusion bonds, wherein preferentially bind heavy metals included in the charge.

The elutable fine-grained Dopels particles are admixed in a ratio of 1 to 33% to the residual solids and / or debris and are gasified at a temperature> 1300 ° C in the gasifier. At the same time, non-volatile heavy metals are processed from the liquid feed.

The volatile heavy metals reach the aqueous phase and are hydroxides, oxides with.

z a c n y c o v a. ny p r e a r. carbonates.

Claims (15)

This proportion is associated with the evolution of the seasonal water treatment as well as the subsequent biological treatment of the transfer water along with the biological one. The filtering device is recycled back to the pressurized gasification in a fixed bed for connection with the slag. Throughout the process, sulfur particles are separated from the gas stream in a known manner and are obtained as a valuable raw material. According to the proposed method, it is possible to carry out a complex, environmentally friendly use of solid, pasty and liquid residual and / or bulking agents. The synergistic and combination effect allows almost residual appreciation with a high degree of effervescence. The produced step gas can be either transported or stored as an energy carrier or undergo direct conversion into a chemical raw material. Fr is an overview of the figures in the drawing In the drawing, an exemplary embodiment is shown in more detail below. Examples of the invention A fixed bed pressure gasifier 1 operated at a pressure of 25 bar has been loaded 10 t of brown coal briquettes 3 t of contaminated soil 3 with 5% hydrocarbon content, 2000 mg / kg dioxin contamination and 300 mg chromium / kg, 800 mg lead / kg, 600 mg / m / kg 4 ~ '”-...... ·· ^; J t of plastic-waste 3 ' 3 t of wood contaminated with oil 0,5 t of process water treatment residue 34. Rotary grate 4 was fed to a fixed bed gasification gasifier 1 as a mixture of 5 2400 arVh of oxygen and 15.5 t / h of gasification steam. Above the rotating grate 4, a mixture of slag and fly ash is fed to a sorting device of known construction. Here, in the case of the refuse of fine-grained ash 25, this can be separated and fed to the mixing device 24 for slagging in ^; The slag granulate 35 formed from the fixed bed gasifier and from the gasifier can be utilized as a filler material or as an additional building material. In a pressurized gasifier, the hydrocarbons contained in the contaminated soil and wood used are distilled off, split and partially converted into useful gas. Dioxin contained in contaminated soil is destroyed in a fixed bed gasifier in a reducing atmosphere at 300 to 300 ° C. If minute fractions reach the hydrocarbon fractions of condensate 17, the psk followed by the final reaction in the gasifier 23. The plastic wastes 3 contained in the gas mixture of the fixed bed gasifier will 50-70% to gaseous components and 21-50 to a hydrocarbon mixture. . 2 to 5¾ goes into a mixture of slag and fly ash Ó. The hydrocarbon fractions of the spent used wood 3 as well as of the contaminated soil are distilled off, split or converted into gas. The spent wood 3 is gassed by itself, the residual parts of the soil with heavy metal particles forming an ineligible part of the mixture of slag and fly ash 6. The organic constituents of the process water treatment residue 3 are converted into a useful gas, the inorganic constituents being melted into a mixture of slag and fly ash 6. The raw gas collecting space 7 is fed to a flashing cooler 9 19 700 eP of dry raw gas / h with oil content via the raw gas evacuation 8 ,., e ..... tar shares of 80 g / mA and 0.7 kg. water .-. perryy / nP. ... Zd.e ... o 3, 420 C hot raw gas is cooled by 20 m of cooling water to 195 ° C. The cooled raw gas 11 is indirectly cooled to ambient temperature by means of cooling water 13 in further chillers 12. The quenched raw gas 14 passes to conventional purification plants and is subsequently either material or energy utilized. Waste condensates 15 are separated during treatment? water 16 on the non-operating fraction of water in the hydrocarbon fraction. Approximately 1.53 t of hydrocarbon, 1 e through, cerrado 18, is combined with 12 t of used oil 19, which is in the mixing device 24 &gt; mixed with 1.3 t / h fine fly ash, and additionally with 10 500 m * oxygen / h and 6.8 t high-pressure steam 21 / h fed via burner 22 to the gasifier 23, soy'se here at 25 bar and 1350 °. C converted into flue gas. The fission gas 26 in an amount of 45,131 m ^ / h is cooled to 155 ° C by 60 t / h of cooling water 27, whereby the cooling chamber is cooled down. Stepping gas 23 is discharged through cooling and scrubbing stages for material or energy recovery. The infiltrated slag bead 36 contains non-elutrient proportions of heavy metals of charged tar and unused oil and can be weighed in the kit. The resulting carbon black water 30 is common to the process water 31 7 for the treatment of the transfer water and the soot water, which consists of various stages of the phenolization, soot filtering and biological purification stages. The waste residue 34 with either biological sludge or soot is fed back to the pressurized solid gasifier 1, and the purified process water can be reused or discharged to a drain. Pet PATE N T N O R E: y CLAIMS 1. Combined method of polyolysis of solid, pasty, and combustible residual and waste materials in parallel gasification in a fixed bed gasifier and a jet gasifier, characterized in that in the fixed bed gasifier, 1 to 30% solids are used. or 1 to 60% solids and / or 1 to 20% pasty carbonaceous residual and / or waste materials which have been converted by the organic and / or inorganic pollutants into a useful gas, the heating time of the residual and / or waste materials in the reducing atmosphere to> 35 ° C and <40 ° C as well as ... ^ _a; £ p.rQdl.ex. _The solid and / or waste products in the fixed bed gasifier up to direct contact with the produced raw gas having a temperature of > 35 ° C and which is quenched after leaving the fixed bed gasifier at 4 200 ° C, is more than 1 hectare, that in the gasifier, condensation constituents are formed into a useful gas which, when cooling the raw gas, is dewatered with 4 2% of the water content, without / or together with liquid carbonaceous residual and waste materials. , which are burdened with organic and / or inorganic pollutants, the resulting residues of soot, heavy metals and salts are treated back into the fixed bed gasifier and the fine-grained ash particles from the fixed bed gasifier detectable heavy metal eluates may be present, are mixed with liquid and residual substances and constitute 1 to 30% the proportion of the charge of the gasifier, where the fine-grained ash particles from the fixed bed pressure gasifier are granulated with the additional fixation of the proportion of heavy metals from the liquid residues ε / or waste materials, List of reference numbers used 1 fixed bed gasifier 2 brown coal briquettes 3 solid waste residues 4 rotary grate 5 mixture of gaseous substances with a mixture of slag and ash 7 -free space of raw gas 3 shows the raw gas outlet 10 washing machine Cooled raw gas 12 cooler 13 cooling jeedium ......... ;· 'FROM;,.,.·..,.·; 14 chilled raw gas Gas condensate 15 Process water treatment 17 hydrocarbon fraction 13 rotary pump 19 used oil 20 oxygen