SK288352B6 - Brick kit - Google Patents

Abstract

A block set comprising a number of essentially prismatic concrete stone blocks and to a method for producing said stone blocks. According to the invention, to permit an automatic alignment and fixation of the stone blocks in brickwork, the stone blocks (1, 10, 18, 19,19' 20) have a projection (2) and a depression (3) configured symmetrically in the centre of their upper and lower face respectively, the projections and depressions are configured with approximately the same shape and dimensions, and stone blocks that are stacked on top of one another can be adjusted and/or fixed in relation to one another, by means of the mutual engagement of the projections (2) and depressions (3).; In the direction to the stone block (1, 10, 18, 19, 19' 20) interior, said recess (3) is followed up alongside the stone block (1, 10, 18, 19, 19' 20) with a longitudinal curved recess (4) of arched cross section.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a set of masonry elements with a number of substantially prismatic fittings made of concrete material and to a method of manufacturing these fittings.

Prior art

It is known that walls are built by stacking prismatic fittings, using mortar mixtures or adhesives between them to fix the fittings. Apart from the fact that the alignment of the fittings and the maintenance of this alignment causes many difficulties, the application of poppy mixtures or adhesives between the connecting surfaces is difficult and time-consuming. Finally, the precisely defined position of the walls and the possible sliding movements of the fittings against each other make it difficult.

GB 2 185 276 A describes a set of masonry elements consisting of masonry elements made of concrete. The masonry elements are provided symmetrically in the middle on the upper side with a protrusion and on the underside with recesses, the protrusions and depressions having substantially the same shapes and dimensions,

DE 198 48 534 A1 describes a set of mortar-free masonry elements consisting of several masonry elements. The masonry elements are provided symmetrically in the middle on the upper side with a protrusion and on the underside with recesses, the protrusions and depressions having substantially the same shapes and dimensions,

The object of the invention is to provide a set of masonry elements made of fittings, the fittings of which can be automatically aligned with one another during the construction of walls and can be securely fixed to one another with or without the use of connecting poppy mixtures or adhesives.

The essence of the invention

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the measures of the characterizing part of claim 1. In the construction of walls, it is possible to achieve mutual alignment and simultaneous connection by interlocking recesses and protrusions in the case of smoothly machined fittings, as a result of which they can be connected to this set of masonry elements. perform construction activities also by untrained persons. Furthermore, by means of said depressions and protrusions, fixed walls, such as walls, retaining walls or the like, can be achieved, also with or without the use of connecting materials, such as mortar mixtures, adhesives or the like. Fixing of adjacent fittings to each other, achieved by the interaction of depressions and protrusions, advantageously supports the weight of the fittings.

In an embodiment of the set of masonry elements, it is assumed that the protrusion is formed as an extension with the length of the fitting and in cross-section with the shape of a truncated pyramid, the lateral inclined surfaces of which extend towards the free end. According to a preferred embodiment of the protrusion, its heights, substantially 2 to 6 mm, depending on the respective heights of the fittings and the load, allow the position of the walls, graduated with secure fixing to each other even in dry construction.

In addition, it is assumed that a recess is formed as a groove or the like with the length of the fitting and in cross-section with the shape of a truncated pyramid, the inclined surfaces extending inwards and towards each other in accordance with the inclination of the inclined surfaces and the protrusion.

In another embodiment of the set of masonry elements, it is assumed that the fittings have one arcuate recess each, adjoining the recess in the inward direction of the fitting and formed along the length of the fitting. The arcuate recesses contribute to saving the weight of the fittings and in a way form holding recesses which, as laying aids, facilitate the handling of the fittings. Of course, the clear depths of the arcuate recesses can be made different, depending on the respective heights of the fittings, for example in relation to the rib parts exceeding the recesses, approximately 1: 1.8, 1: 2.1 and 1: 3.4.

In order to achieve a straight end on the upper side in the case of walls, in particular retaining walls or the like, a fitting is provided, which serves as a cover fitting, which has a depression on the underside with an adjoining arcuate recess, but is formed with a straight upper side. The cover fitting is thus designed in such a way that it can be connected to the other fittings and fixed in the manner of a tongue and groove, and on the upper side without a protrusion, i.e. flat.

Finally, it is assumed that the fittings are made in particular with lengths of 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 and 15 cm, as well as with heights in particular of 40, 30, 20, 18 and 12 mm. The fittings thus allow a number of mutual combinations, as a result of which the walls can be adapted to various construction requirements.

According to one method of manufacturing fittings of a set of masonry elements using shaping tools, the shaping tools are assumed to be substantially pot-shaped, the cross-sectional shapes and clear dimensions of the shaping tools determining the heights and widths of the fittings as well as depressions and protrusions, and clear depths of the shaping tools. tools determine the lengths of fittings. The steps of this method ensure that the fittings can be produced correspondingly with different lengths at any depth of the forming tools, and after removing the fittings from the mold, these are available for walls after a simple rotation of 90 ° by their lengths. Further steps of the method are further provided by the fact that the shaping tools are dimensioned for the simultaneous joint shaping of rows of fittings, packages of fittings or the like for a certain number of fittings. Of course, shaping tools for individual fittings can also be used.

According to another method, it is further assumed that several rows of fittings or packages of fittings are produced together side by side in one shaping tool, whereby a space-saving and time-saving production of a set of masonry elements and its fittings can be achieved. In order to obtain individual fittings when forming rows of fittings, packages of fittings or the like at the same time, it is assumed that separating grooves are formed in the side surfaces and / or upper sides in the rows of fittings, packages of fittings or the like at intervals corresponding to the widths of the individual fittings. and by means of force effects in the separating grooves, for example by the effect of an impact, the fittings are separated from one another.

Overview of figures in the drawings

Examples of embodiments shown in the figures show how the invention can be carried out. Here they show:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an individual fitting for a set of masonry elements,

Figure 2 is a front view of a fitting according to Figure 1 with another fitting placed thereon,

Figure 3 is an enlarged partial section through the joint of the protrusions and depressions,

Figure 4 is a front view of a fitting showing angles,

Figure 5 is a front view of a part of a row of fittings,

Figure 6 is a top view of a part of a series of fittings according to Figure 5,

Figure 7 is an enlarged section of adjacent fittings in the region of the separating groove, seen from above,

Figure 8 is a front view of a package of fittings with fittings according to one embodiment,

Figure 9 is a front view of another package of fittings with fittings according to another embodiment,

Figure 10 is a front view of a retaining wall with differently sized fittings of a set of masonry elements, Figure 11 a retaining wall in section along the line XI-XI of Figure 10,

Figure 12 is an enlarged top view of the first corner joint with the first layer of fittings,

Figure 13 is a second layer of corner joint fittings of Figure 12,

Figure 14 is a third layer of corner joint fittings of Figure 12;

Figure 15 is a front view of the corner joint fitting of Figure 12

Figure 16 is a partial section of the shaping tool for the fittings of Figures 5 and 6.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

Figure 1 shows a fitting 1 for a set of masonry elements. The set of masonry elements can be made of a number of fittings made of concrete material, which have a protrusion 2 on the upper side and a recess 3 on the lower side. In the exemplary embodiments, the protrusions 2 are each formed by a trapezoidal cross-section extending 2 along the entire length of the fittings. The recess 3 is formed with substantially the same shape and cross-sectional size as the protrusion 2. The recess 3 is made in the shape of a groove and extends along the entire length of the fittings. The recess 3 is followed by an arcuate recess 4 extending towards the inside of the fitting, which advantageously serves to save the weight of the fitting and to form the holding surfaces as an aid to laying. In the areas of the vertical 6 and horizontal 7 edges, bevels 8 are provided, which, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, are prepared by grooves 9 in the process of shaping fittings (Figure 7). The grooves 9 have the task of shaping, resp. to facilitate the separation of the fittings from each other by the effect of impact in these grooves.

Figure 2 shows another fitting 10, having a smaller height, built on the fitting 1 of figure 1. Here, the protrusion 2 of the fitting 1 engages in the recess 3 of the fitting 10 for fixing and aligning the two fittings against each other. Figure 3 further clearly shows that the mutual alignment of the fittings can be achieved by the inclined surfaces 11, 12 of the recesses 3 and the protrusions 2, wherein according to Figure 4 the inclination of the inclined surfaces 11, 12 can have an angle β = 45 °. Furthermore, in the case of the fitting from FIG. 4, a flat arcuate recess 4 with a lead angle of about 30 [deg.] Has been selected. Of course, other sizes of angles a and β can be used, as well as arcs of recesses of any shape and size.

Figures 8 and 9 show a number of fittings included in rows in a package 13 of fittings which can be formed in one common tool 15. It is conceivable that the end regions of the rows 13 'of fittings or packages 13 of fittings are extended by a certain or separable sections 13 which can fill the interspaces in the wall. While in Figure 8 the fittings 10 have a height of, for example, 12 cm, the height of the fittings 10 'in Figure 9 was chosen to be 8 cm. Of course, fittings with any dimensions for heights, widths and lengths can be produced.

Figure 10 shows a retaining wall 14 constructed using sets of masonry elements. Fittings with different lengths as well as with different heights can be used. It can be further seen in Figure 11 that the retaining wall 14 is built by a dry construction method. In this case, the fittings placed next to one another and one on top of one another are aligned and fixed to one another by means of recesses 3 and projections 2. The retaining wall 14 is expediently graded towards the upper edge so

Figures 12 to 14 show a corner joint 17 for a wall. At the corner joint 17, a first layer at the ground is provided with fittings 18, 19 and 20, the fittings 19 being fixed against each other by recesses 3 and protrusions 2. By loading the second layer of mutually offset fittings 18, 19 'and 20 according to Figure 13 a corner joint to height. Assignment of fittings 18, 19 and 20, resp. 18, 19 'and 20 lead each other outwards to form side surfaces with a smooth wall. The second layer of fittings is covered by a third layer of fittings, which with its size and arrangement of fittings can correspond to the first layer. It can be seen in Figures 11-14 that by using fittings that do not have protrusions on the upper side, a flat covering of the corner joint 17 can be achieved for the third layer. Figure 15 shows the fitting of Figure 12 in section.

Figure 16 shows a shaping tool 15 for shaping fittings of a set of masonry elements. It can be seen that the fittings can be shaped in the shaping tool 15 standing on the edge (vertically). After filling the shaping tool 15 with the concrete mortar and hardening it, a series of fittings according to Figures 5 and 6, which can be removed from the shaping tool 15, can be used. If individual fittings are required, it is possible to divide the series of fittings by the effect of an impact in the area of the grooves 9. By placing the fittings, as seen in Figure 6, the lengths of the fittings are determined.

It is clear that fittings with different lengths can be produced using different clear depths of the shaping tool 15.

Finally, the rows 13 'of fittings and the packages 13 of fittings may have in combination several fittings with and without protrusions 2. The latter fittings can be used as cover fittings.

Industrial applicability

The set of masonry elements can be used in construction in the construction of walls.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS A set of masonry elements with a number of substantially prismatic fittings made of concrete material, the fittings (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) being provided symmetrically in the middle on the upper side with a protrusion (2) and on the underside with a recess ( 3), these protrusions (2) and depressions (3) are formed with approximately the same shapes and dimensions, and the superimposed fittings (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) can be adjusted to each other and / or fixed to each other. in that the projections (2) and the recesses (3) intersect, characterized in that it adjoins the recess (3) inwards of the fitting (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) along the length of the fitting (1, 1). 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) an arcuate recess (4) running. Set of masonry elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (2) is formed by an extension (2 ') with a fitting length (1, 10, 18, 19, 19', 20) and a cross-section of a truncated pyramid shape the inclined surfaces (11, 12) extend towards the free end towards each other. Set of masonry elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (3) is formed by a groove or the like with the length of the fitting (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) and a cross-section of a truncated pyramid shape (11, 12) extend into the interior of the fitting (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) and towards each other. A set of masonry elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the clear depths of the arcuate recesses (4) are formed in relation to the heights of the fittings (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) in relation to the rib parts extending beyond the arcuate elements. recesses (4), approximately 1: 1.8, 1: 2.1 and 1: 3.4. A set of masonry elements according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises fittings (1) serving as cover fittings, with a recess (3) on the underside and an adjoining arcuate recess (4), as well as with a flatly formed upper side (1 '). ). Set of masonry elements according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fittings (1, 10, 18, 19, 19 ', 20) are made in particular with lengths of, for example, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 cm and with heights in particular 40, 30, 20,12, 8 cm. A method of manufacturing fittings of a set of masonry elements according to claim 1 using shaping tools, characterized in that the shaping tools are formed substantially in the shape of a pot, the cross-sections of the shaping tools determining the heights and widths of the fittings as well as depressions and protrusions and clear depths. forming tools determine the lengths of fittings. 5 Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaping tools are dimensioned for the simultaneous joint shaping of rows of fittings, packages of fittings or the like with a predetermined number of fittings. Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the dimensioning of the shaping tools is chosen so as to form packages of fittings with a certain number of fittings arranged in a row next to each other in one piece. Method according to Claims 8 and 9, characterized in that a plurality of packs of fittings are produced side by side in the shaping tool at the same time. Method according to Claim 8, 9 and 10, characterized in that the rows of fittings, packages of fittings or the like have separating grooves in the side surfaces 15 and / or on the upper sides of the fittings at intervals corresponding to the widths of the individual fittings and that the fittings are separated from each other in the separating grooves.