SK282345B6 - Device for energetic exploitation of municipal waste and similar materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The energy utilization device of municipal refuse and similar materials comprises a garbage shredding mechanism from which the remnants are sorted into a first stream of inert matter, poorly contaminated with organic matter, the second stream being discharged through the first outlet (S1). Further, the circulating fluidized bed reactor (2), into which the crushed rubbish is introduced, comprises a solids separation cyclone (11) into which the gases exiting the reactor (2) are introduced, a recuperative boiler (15) into which the exhaust gases escape from a cyclone (11) and provided with a first heat exchanger assembly (18), wherein the boiler comprises a dust discharge hopper from which solid particles are discharged through a second outlet (S2), a second heat exchanger assembly (23) housed in the chamber (22) where gases are supplied, and a gas finishing mechanism from which the solid components recovered in this treatment are discharged by at least one third outlet (S3 ', S3' '). The essence of the device is that it is equipped with an independent melting and glazing furnace (6), connected to each of said outputs by controlled passages.

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to an apparatus for the energy recovery of urban waste and the like, comprising a waste crushing mechanism from which residues are sorted into a first stream of inert matter, slightly contaminated with organic substances, and a second stream of inert matter. with a circulating fluidized bed into which crushed garbage is introduced, a cyclone for separating solids into which the gases leaving the reactor are fed, a recovery boiler to which the cyclone exhaust gases escape and equipped with a first heat exchanger assembly, the boiler comprising a dust discharge hopper, from which the solid particles are discharged through a second outlet, a second heat exchanger assembly housed in the chamber to which the gases are supplied, and a mechanism for the final treatment of the gases from which the solids obtained in said treatment are discharged by at least one third output.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such a reactor is described in French patent FR 2 735 041.

It is further known to combine flying ashes from an urban waste treatment facility to melt mineral components and burn carbon-containing components. It is known to install such a melting and glazing furnace on the main line of the apparatus. Such glazing is described in German Patent DE 43 33 510. Such devices are equipped with a chamber for the pre-combustion of gases coming from a pyrolysis or gasification system (rotating furnace or fluidized bed reactor) located at the exit side of the reactor, and flying fly ash therefrom. the protruding are glazed in the bath for rapid cooling.

Such glazing systems require a significant supply of external energy in the form of natural gas, oxygen or electricity, due to the large amount of solids treated by the glazing. Indeed, the calorific value of the solids exiting the reactor is insufficient to ensure the melting point of the mass with a considerable content of inert substances. Thus, the net yield (efficiency) of such equipment in power generation is greatly reduced and the investment and operating costs of the equipment are, on the contrary, considerable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention solves the aforementioned problems of net yield (efficiency) in power generation by providing an independent melting and glazing furnace connected to each of said outlets by controlled passage lines.

This arrangement allows to melt and glue only what is needed to improve the overall economy of solid waste storage and optimize it on a case-by-case basis depending on specific or local collection practices. It also makes it possible to consume a minimum of thermal energy of the garbage for this purpose in order to maintain high energy efficiency.

Various melting and glazing equipment can be used, specially adapted to the quality of the waste treatment. It is thus possible to process a variety of materials ranging from garbage or combustible materials having thermal properties away from traditional domestic garbage or difficult to process in a fluidized bed, for example due to the density or risk of agglomeration at low temperature.

This arrangement also has the advantage of avoiding the uselessness of the device in case of problems with the melting and glazing object. Since this furnace is no longer on the main line of the device, its operation can be interrupted without interrupting the main line.

According to a preferred embodiment, a dust removal mechanism is disposed between the recovery boiler and the second heat exchanger assembly, from which the solid particles are discharged through an outlet connected to the melting and glazing furnace through a controlled passage line.

On the outlet side of the heat exchanger, in the classical solution, there is a filtration mechanism for filtering fly ash, which thus dusts off gases at low temperature. At low temperatures, however, dioxins are re-formed and the most polluting heavy metals are recondensed. According to said feature of the invention, a dust removal mechanism, preferably a cyclone, is arranged between the recovery boiler and the second heat exchanger assembly. This results in the formation of fly ash collected at high temperature and thus little contaminated by heavy metals and dioxins.

The final processing mechanism preferably comprises a filter from which solid particles are discharged through an outlet connected to the melting and glazing furnace through a controlled passage line.

Even more preferably, the final processing mechanism comprises a washing assembly from which the cake obtained by washing is discharged through an outlet connected to the melting and glazing furnace through a controlled passage line.

In order to ensure the proper granulometry of the residues to be glazed, a crushing and sieving mechanism is provided between the first outlet and the melting and glazing furnace.

The reactor is preferably equipped with a dense internal fluidised bed equipped with a pyrolysis gas removal chamber that is blown into the melting and glazing furnace.

According to a preferred embodiment, the melting and glazing furnace is equipped with a rapid cooling bath and the washing assembly is equipped with a liquid waste treatment mechanism, the remainder of which are blown into the rapid cooling bath with which the melting and glazing furnace is equipped.

According to a preferred embodiment, the melting and glazing furnace comprises a hearth in the form of a bowl and a wall constituting the blacking barrier associated with a take-up opening for discharging or collecting the surface layer materials from the melt.

Preferably, the melt is cooled first on a drum, internally cooled with water, and then in a rapid cooling bath.

The melting and glazing furnace is preferably equipped with a cooling bath in which the cooled flue gas is generated in the furnace.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows an overall diagram of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows a section through a melting and glazing furnace.

SK 282345 Β6

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen from the figure, the plant for the energy recovery of urban waste and the like according to the invention comprises a circulating fluidized bed reactor 2 into which the crushed waste is fed. Advantageously, the reactor is of the type described in French patent FR 2 735 041. It thus comprises a first dense side fluidized bed 2A mounted on a reactor wall comprising a crushed garbage feed in which the crushed waste is gasified and a second dense fluidized bed 2B. , equipped with a superheater. At the bottom of the first dense side fluid bed 2A is connected a discharge line of heavy non-fluidizable components which leads them to the coarse particle sorting mechanism 3, cooling these components and separating the inert non-fluidizable components, while the other masses are fed back into the reactor 2.

In the description, the term "mechanism" is used to distinguish from "device" as a parent term characterizing the content of the invention. It will be apparent from the nature of the "mechanisms" that they are essentially "sub-devices" of which the device according to the invention consists, and their complexity depends on the purpose and technical design

At the inlet side of the reactor 2, the coarse garbage before entering the reactor is fed to a preparation mechanism 1, providing both shredding of the garbage by means of a shearing system comprising two rotary shears and secondly separating inert and agglomerating materials (ferrous, nonferrous, glass) by means of, for example, magnetic and inductive separators and / or drums according to the origin of the materials to be treated.

The crushed waste is fed to the reactor 2 and the separated residues are sorted into two streams in a sorting mechanism 4, preferably formed by screeners. The first stream of inert matter, slightly contaminated with organic substances (glass, stones, lump scrap), is introduced into the coarse particle sorting mechanism 3, where it is mixed with the hot substances coming from the reactor 2, and ensures the cooling function of the non-fluidizable inert materials coming from the reactor 2, and are subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of the order of 400 to 500 ° C, which can be regarded as a thermal treatment to remove organic matter.

Thus, a stream of solid residues 8 consisting of inert masses and / or large-sized pieces (stones, glass, ceramics, scrap), free of organic masses and low oxidized, is obtained under the sorting mechanism 3, allowing them to be recycled. A second stream of inert matter, contaminated with organic substances, having a carbon content of more than 5% and thus cannot be recycled, is discharged through the first outlet S1, from which it is re-introduced into the crushing and sieving mechanism 5 mounted on the controlled passageway leading to The first inner dense fluidized bed 2A is provided with a pyrolysis gas collection chamber 2A ', which is blown into the melting and glazing furnace 6 through a line 7 separated from the main stream of flue gas.

The reactor 2 is also equipped with a fine particle sorting mechanism 9 allowing the separation of ash in the lower part of the reactor 2 and the recirculation of solid particles whose particle size meets the fluidization requirements. This mechanism 9 is also used for repeatedly blowing particles coming from the crushing and sieving mechanism 5. These fine particles contain an organic part still usable for the combustion of fluidizable inert masses, and their content of inert components reduces the consumption of sand serving as the basic component in the reactor.

2. The introduction of these fine residues into the fine particle sorting mechanism also ensures thermal cleaning of the non-fluidizable components. The usable cracks 10 are removed from the fine particle sorting mechanism 9.

Thus, the quality of the garbage is improved by being introduced into the coarse particle sorting mechanism 3 and the fine particle sorting mechanism 9 associated with the reactor 2. Thus, it is not necessary to store them in class 2 garbage dumps.

At the outlet of the reactor 2, the flue gas is fed to the cyclone 11 for separating the solids. From the cyclone, they are further led to a recovery boiler 15 equipped with a first set of heat exchangers 18, more particularly an evaporator, the boiler comprising a dust separation hopper 15A from which solid particles are discharged through the second outlet S2. In addition, a second cyclone 16 is provided at the outlet side of the reactor 2 to remove hot dust from the flue gas from which the solid particles are discharged through the outlet S2 '. Further included is a chamber 22 into which gases are introduced, in which a second set of heat exchangers 23 is stored, more specifically a saver. Finally, a mechanism for the final treatment of the gases from which the solid constituents resulting from the treatment are discharged is provided by at least one third outlet S3 'and S3.

More specifically, the final processing mechanism comprises a filter 17, preferably a bag filter, equipped with an activated carbon inlet from which solids are discharged through outlet S3 and a flue gas scrubber 19 from which the washed cake is discharged through outlet S3, the cleaned gases being discharged through the chimney 30. The washer 19 is equipped with a liquid waste treatment mechanism 21.

All of said outputs S1 to S3 are connected by flow-controlled lines to the melting and glazing furnace 6, independently of the apparatus main line described above. Into this furnace 6, the melting energy is introduced by pyrolysis gas trapped in the fluidized bed 2A, and possibly by the supply of plastic waste 20, which may come from the recycling of packages whose residues (contaminated packages) contain considerable thermal energy. The furnace 6 is air or oxygen-enriched air according to the desired temperature. In the latter case, the enriched air is supplied by the membrane unit 21 and the oxygen-depleted component is used for fluidization in the sorting mechanisms 3.9 and in the fluidized bed reactor 2.

The granulometry of the fly ash from the outlet S2 of the recovery boiler 15, from the outlet S2 'of the cyclone 16, from the outlet S3' of the filter 17 and the cake from the outlet S3 of the scrubber 19 permits these materials to be injected directly into the melting and glazing furnace 6. 4, which provide waste preparation, have a very different granulometry, possibly with a high grain size. Accordingly, there is a need to return the crushing and screening mechanism 5 between the outlet S1 and the melting and glazing furnace 6.

The melting and glazing furnace 6 can be designed in different ways depending on the amount of substances to be treated and the degree of melting desired. It can be of the type described in French patent FR 2 716 524, which allows separate control of the melting of two glazed components, a coarse component derived from garbage and a dust component derived from more contaminated fly ash extracts.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a melting and glazing furnace.

SK 282345 Β6

The hearth of the furnace 60A is in the form of a cup-shaped structure into which fly ash or equivalent materials flow through the opening 60B. The pyrolysis gas is introduced through line 70 and the fly ash melts due to its temperature. The furnace is also equipped with a burner 61, fed air or enriched air. The wall 60C forms a blacking barrier associated with the layer discharge or collection opening 60D from the melt surface. This removes molten salts. In addition, the furnace is provided with a heavy metal discharge port 60E falling to the bottom to improve melt quality.

At the outlet side of the gate 60C, the apparatus includes an optional oxygen burner 61 and the melt flows out of the die to the drum 62A, cooled from the inside by water. This drum 62A allows to prevent too rapid and rapid water cooling in the bath 62 and too rapid solidification that would be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the glazed product. Glazing continues in the quench cooling bath 62 on the chilled plate conveyor 62C, then the product 64 is removed by a conveyor screw 62D through a water seal to ensure that the flue gas leaks out to the outside.

This embodiment makes it possible to effectively improve the quality of the glazed product by achieving a high level of crystallization, guaranteeing very long-term stability.

The gases produced in the melting furnace are cooled with water by bubbling in a glazing bath. This cooling prevents the re-formation of dioxins contained in the mixture of fly ash and activated carbon from the filter. It also captures secondary ashes flying above the melt and most of the heavy metals vaporized during melting, so they do not need to be returned to the main flue gas treatment.

The flue gas is then discharged via line 71 and fed to a scrubber 19. To compensate for evaporation, water from the effluent treatment residues 21 is added to the quench bath in the melting and glazing furnace 6, allowing the pH to be regulated, and provides a better pH. insolubility of heavy metals. Advantageously, the cooling circuit 24 also dissipates heat from the glazing bath to reuse it when the feed water is heated.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS An apparatus for the energy recovery of urban waste and similar materials, comprising a waste shredding mechanism (1) from which residues are sorted into a first stream of inert substances slightly contaminated with organic substances and a second stream of inert matter, the second stream being discharged through a first outlet (SI) ), a circulating fluidized bed reactor (2) into which the crushed waste is introduced, a cyclone (11) for separating solids into which the gases leaving the reactor (2) are fed, a recovery boiler (15) into which the outlet gases from a cyclone (11) and equipped with a first heat exchanger assembly (18), the boiler comprising a dedusting hopper from which solid particles are discharged through a second outlet (S2), a second heat exchanger assembly (23) housed in the chamber (22), where the gases are supplied and the mechanism for the final treatment of the gases from which the solids Raced, with at least one third outlet (S3 ', S3), characterized in that it is provided with an independent melting and glazing furnace (6) connected to each of said outlets by controlled passage lines. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a dust removal mechanism (16) is disposed between the recovery boiler (15) and the second heat exchanger assembly (23), from which the solid particles are discharged through an outlet (S2) connected to the melter. and a glazing furnace (6) with a controlled passage. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the final processing mechanism comprises a filter (17) from which the solid particles are discharged through an outlet (S3) 'connected to the melting and glazing furnace (6) via a controlled passage line. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the final processing mechanism comprises a washing assembly (19, 21) from which the cake obtained by washing is discharged through an outlet (S3) connected to the melting and glazing furnace (6). ) with controlled passage. Device according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a crushing and sieving mechanism (5) is interposed between the first outlet (SI) and the melting and glazing furnace (6). Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reactor (2) is equipped with a dense internal fluidised bed (2A) equipped with a pyrolysis gas withdrawal chamber which is blown into the melting and glazing furnace (6). Apparatus according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the melting and glazing furnace (6) is equipped with a rapid cooling bath and the washing assembly is equipped with a liquid waste treatment mechanism (21) whose residues are blown into the rapid cooling bath. with which the melting and glazing furnace (6) is equipped. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the melting and glazing furnace (6) comprises a hearth (60A) in the form of a cup-shaped structure and a wall (60C) forming a blacking barrier associated with the sampling opening (60D). for removing or collecting the surface layer materials from the melt. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the melt is first cooled on a drum (62A) internally cooled with water and then in a rapid cooling bath (62). Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the melting and glazing furnace (6) is equipped with a cooling bath in which the cooled flue gas is generated in the furnace (6).