SK198A3 - Method for controlling residential population lepidoptera - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a method for the control of resistant populations of Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae such as Cydia pomonella (L.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) Grapholitha molesta (Busck), and the like and the protection of fruit crops therefrom which comprises contacting said Lepidoptera with a toxic amount of flufenoxuron.

Description

Method for controlling resistant Lepidoptera populations

Technical field

The invention relates to a method of controlling resistant populations / epidoptera and to a method of protecting fruit crops from these populations, the methods comprising contacting said population of Lepidoptera with a toxic amount of flu phenoxuron.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

E. epidoptera, which feed on fruit, are important pests that are widespread worldwide. However, a low pest infestation can have a significant economic impact on the monetary value of the fruit due to the increase in the price of the fruit due to the need to introduce control and sorting of the infested fruit before packaging. The reasons for the increased incidence of pests are as follows. The wintering larvae, which, upon awakening, enter the fruit upon flowering into the fruit, represent the first generation, and up to three generations may appear during growth, making it easier for Lepidoptera populations to develop resistance to toxins, such as insecticides.

Although many insecticides can effectively control Lepidoptera populations, they usually require frequent application. This frequent application causes that the effectiveness of insecticides can be substantially reduced by the development of resistant populations, for example acylurea resistant, pyrethroid resistant and organophosphate resistant Lepidoptera populations.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a unique and highly active compound that is useful in controlling resistant Lepidoptera populations.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method that enhances the protection of fruit harvesting against infestation and attack by cutters and yeasts. Lenin's, pyr e Lrod of the day, and organophosphate-resistant populations of Lepidoptera.

It is an advantage of the present invention that the method of controlling resistant Lepidopteran populations is not harmful to useful insect species and that it is a useful insecticide.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a review of the following section.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a method of controlling resistant Lepldoptera populations comprising contacting said Lepidoptera populations, their environment, fruit crops areas or stored fruit crop stocks with a toxic amount of 1-IZ4-C2-chloro-ol, tert-trifluoro-β-tolyloxy) -2-fluorophenyl (3- (2-C, N-difluorobenzoyl) urea (C 1 -fluorobenzoyl) urea.

The present invention also provides a method of enhancing the protection of fruit

p] shades, both growing and already harvested, against attack and infestation by resistant populations

Lepidoptera which comprises applying an effective amount of flufennxuron to said crops or soil or water in which they grow or to a container in which they are stored.

Resistance The widespread phenomenon is widespread and at present it is possible to find resistant populations of many economically important pests. Lepidoptera populations, resistant to acylurea, pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, represent a serious worldwide problem for the protection of fruit crops.

Resistance, as defined herein, means a hereditary reduction in the insect population's susceptibility to pesticide action, which reduction is expressed as a decrease in the incidence of Individual Insect Individuals after the population has been exposed to pesticides (·

C compared to r> height of the refraction observed in the same population prior to exposure).

It is known that benzoylurea compounds, for example those described in US 4 G66 942, can be used in the control of insects and mites. However, it has now been found that the specific compound [-4-C2-chloro-1 ', (cc, c-trifluoro-p-thioyloxy) -2-fluorophenyl] -3 -C2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea Cflufenoxuron) Highly effective against resistant populations of LepJdoptera - The term resistant population, as set forth in the specification and claims, refers to acylurea-resistant, pyrethroid-resistant, carbainate-resistant, benzhydrazine-resistant, benzhydrazine-resistant and benzhydrazine-resistant .

Surprisingly, it has been found that resistant populations of Ĺepdoptera and the order of Olithithidae, for example, Cydla pomonalla (L.), La peyresia pomonella (L.), Grapholitha niolesta CBusck) and the like, preferably Cydla ptirnon & , cultivated soils or stored fruit fruit stocks in contact with toxic amounts of flufenoxuron. In particular, it is very surprising that flufenoxuron, an acylurea compound. It is effective against acylurea-resistant populations of Lepidoptera.

Flufenoxuron can be advantageously used to enhance the protection of fruit crops, for example apples, pears, dunes, preferably stone fruits, for example apricots, peaches and plums, more preferably apples and pears, from damage caused by attack and infestation of said resistant Lepidopbera population. The method of controlling resistant Lepidoptera and the crop protection method of the invention are harmless to beneficial insect species and are well suited to be applied in controlled programs directed to susceptible (i.e., resistant) pests.

The effective amount of the flufenoxurorium compound to be used in the method of the invention will vary from case to case depending on the route of administration used.

Identity resistant Lepldoptt-trans, to be controlled, degree of infestation, the nature of the target host, the time of application, podnebr íých conditions and may be used mnužstvo more much like account Inn Star LeVeLs ^stvof: lu fenuxur onove j but desired for selective section J stent

Lepld / rpter a.

In practice

It is usually advantageous if it is not. at

The lipidoptera, or the locus of occurrence thereof, of the fruit area or stored stock administers approximately about 100 ppm to 5,000 ppm of the fluorophenoxuron compound of the invention dispersed in water or other liquid carrier or approximately approximately 100 ppm to 5000 ppm. The fluorophenoxuron compound of the invention is also effective in controlling resistant populations

Lepldoptera, preferably in the control of Cydla pomonella, when applied to leaves, branches, flowers or fruits, or to soil or water, in which the fruit is stored or in a container in which the fruit is stored, in g / hl up to 50 g / hl, preferably at about 5.0 g / hl to 0.5 g / hl.

Although the actual use of flufenoxuron of the invention alone provides effective control of resistant Lepidoptera populations, it is preferred to use this compound in combination with other biological or chemical agents intended to control pests such as other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and the like.

Protection of fruit crops from infestation and attack by resistant Lepldoptera and, in particular, Cydla pomonella populations can be enhanced by administering an effective amount of a flufenoxuron compound. Said compound may be administered in the form of a spray, powder, granules and the like. A suitable composition comprises an effective amount of a flufenoxuron compound and an agriculturally acceptable inert liquid or solid carrier.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in more detail. It should also be noted, however, that these examples are illustrative only and in no way limit the scope of the invention, which is clearly patented. claims. Thus, in addition to the exemplary embodiments mentioned above, various modifications of the method of the invention are within the scope of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example .1

Evaluation of the effect of flufenoxuron on susceptible and resistant genera Cvd1 a passed 1 a

In this evaluation, two genera Cydia pomonella were spread to the artificial biological medium. One sensitive and the other resistant. The susceptible genus (CS) was obtained from a laboratory maintained source and the resistant genus (R) was obtained from the field where a higher level of resistance was observed and then maintained in the laboratory by deltamethrin selection pressure. Testing was performed on young larvae that were placed on the treated medium. Flufenoxuron in the form of a dispersible concentrate (CDC) at a dose of 100 g per well (CCASCADE 100 DC) was used to treat the medium. Observations were made 7 days after treatment. The data obtained were analyzed using a standard method designed to determine the lethal concentration required to achieve 90% mortality (LC ₉₀ ) for both C. pomonella [CS] and CSU species and the concentration required to achieve 50% mortality CLC _sc >) of both genera. The results obtained are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

Toxicity of flufenoxuron against susceptible and resistant genus C. pomnnella

C. pomonella LC _in LC. _{S <} , rnd (ppm) Cppm)

S 11.72 3.29

R 12.95 3.85

As shown in Table J., there were no differences in the sensitivity to Flufenoxuron between the resistant and susceptible genus C. Resistance ratio LC _SO CR) / LC _S o E) for f-lufenoxuron is 1.17. For comparison: resistance ratio determined in similar tests for deltamethrin. It is approximately 50 and for diFlubenzuron is approximately 10,000.

K a incrilitive example 1

Evaluation of the effect of test compounds on resistant Lepidoptera populations in the field

In these evaluations, a terrain with a high level of resistance to dlflubenzuron, deltamethririum or phosalone was selected. All tests were conducted in open field, in which resistant C. pomonella populations were present. The following commercially available formulations were used for treatment:

The invention of flufenoxuron - CASCADE 100 DC

C100 g / l dispersible concentrate)

Coriolite compounds azlnphos-methyl - GUSATHION XL 25% UP

C250 g / 1 wettable washing machine) Diflubenzuron - DILILTN 25% UIP <250 g / 1 wettable washing machine) Teflubenzuron - DART 150 SC

C150 g / l suspension concentrate) deltamethrin - DECTS 25 EO <25 g / l emulsifiable concentrate)

Experiments from the test areas were recorded in separate tables. Control compounds were tested at dosages comparable to those recommended for commercial use. Thus, for sensitive populations, efficacy values are expected to reach. 80% to 100%. The results were recorded in the form of a percentage efficiency, which indicates a percentage reduction in the frequency of infested fruit.

In order to determine this potency, the total number of fruit (T) and the number of infested fruit (A) of the treated and untreated fruit are calculated. The percentage of infested fruit is calculated using the equation below.

A

A = x 100

T

Percent efficiency is calculated using the Abbott equation below.

% A <untreated) -% A <treated)% efficiency = x 100% A <untreated)

Table 2

Evaluation of test compounds in the protection of apples against damage caused by acylurea-resistant populations of C. pomonella in the field

Effective Játka Dose g / hl % efficiency % A C untreated) 9 flufenoxuron 10, 0 92 - aziriphos-me tulle 43, 75 89 - • dlflubenzur on 10, 0 23 - t e f 1 u b e n z u r o n 5, 0 63 - untreated 0, 0 - 49, 9

Table 3

Evaluation of test compounds in the protection of apples against damage caused by acylurea-resistant populations of C. pomonella in the field

Active substance Dose g / hl % efficiency % A C untreated) flufenoxuron 10, 0 95 - azinphos-me ty 43, 75 87 - diflubenzuron 10, 0 24 - untreated 0, 0 - 12, 6 1

In the above field trials, C. pomonella populations with a high resistance to diflubenzuron were tested at the test sites. As shown in Tables II and III, flufenoxuron shows a high level of efficacy against the acylurea resistant C. pomonella genus.

Table 4

Evaluation of test compounds in the protection of apples against damage caused by pyrethroid resistant populations of C. pomunella in the field

Active substance Dose g / hl % efficiency% A C untreated) flufenoxuron 10, 0 73 Λ to nphos-mety] 43, 75 69 deltamethri n 0, 75 22 • untreated 0, 0 6J, 9

There was a very high incidence of deltamethrin in the quarry site tested. As can be seen from Table 4 above, flufenoxuron shows good control of the pyrethroid-resistant population.

Table 4

Evaluation of Test Compounds in Protecting Apples against Pyrethroid Resistant Damage

populations C . pomonella in ground Active substance Dose g / hl % efficiency % A C untreated) flufenoxuron 10, 0 73 - azinphos-methyl 43, 75 69 - deltamethrin 0, 75 22 - untreated 0, 0 - 1 61 1 ., 9

There was a high resistance to deltamethrin at this highly infested site. As can be seen from Table 5 above, flufenoxuron shows high potency against an organophosphate resistant population.

Claims (8)

J. A method for controlling resistant Lepidoptera populations, comprising controlling the Lepidoptera populations, their habitats, cultivated animals, or stocks of crops in contact with a toxic amount of Fenoxuron. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the Lepidoptera are acylurea resistant. resistant and / or organophosphate resistant. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Lepidoptera belongs to the order Olethreutidae. 4. A method of increasing protection of fruit crops, both growing and harvested, from attack and infestation by resistant Lepidoptera populations, comprising applying an effective amount of flufenoxuron to said crops or soil or water in which they grow, or to a location where are stored. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fruit crops are apple and stone crops. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said apple and stone crops are selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, quince, apricot, peach, and plum. 7th Method according to Claim 5 STAMP u J ú c i s a t ý m. that the flufenoxuron applied in quantity around 5, 0 g / hl until 50 g / hl • 8th Method according to Claim 7 STAMP u J ú c i s a t ý m. that the flufenoxuron applied in quantity around 5, 0 g / hl until 1.1 15 g / hl 9. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 4 wherein the Lepotope is Cydia pomonclla. 10. A method according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the epidopa boron is a n-epidopa boron.