SK1882000A3 - Roof and wall cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

Pipe sections or external roof or wall cladding are formed of bonded man-made vitreous fibre batts wherein the fibres have a viscosity at 1400 DEG C of 10 to 170 poise and a dissolution rate at pH 4.5 of at least 20 nm per day.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to Man-Made Vitreous Fiber (MMVF) bonded artificial felts that are designed to be used as an outer roofing or wall cladding or pipe sleeve, i. Insulation for pipe mounting, internal or external.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Outdoor felt is much more exposed to adverse influences such as moisture, sun, heat and wind than indoor felt. The combination of moisture and heat can create an aggressive fiber environment, but conventional MMVF fibers, in conventional felt designs, withstand this. Exposure to wind may promote delamination, but sufficient structural strength can be provided by known techniques, for example by joining the bonding agent and the batt construction to a fiber direction predominantly perpendicular to the lamellar boards, instead of the usual orientation substantially parallel to the felt face.

Similarly, felts for inner or outer insulating pipe sleeves are much more exposed to moisture than felts for normal indoor use, especially if they are coated with an aluminum or plastic sheath or other impermeable cover.

Until recently, there has been a tendency to develop MMVF fibers that will to some extent be soluble in physiological fluids. Most publications on this solubility topic emphasize the desirability of the fibers having a degree of solubility in saline at a pH of about 7.5.

Fibers which instead have improved solubility at a pH of about 4.5 are described in WO96 / 14454 and WO96 / 14274.

The problem that arises when using MMVF felt made from fibers with apparent neutral pH (about pH 7.5) solubility for roofing and wall cladding is that fibers are subject to degradation when exposed to atmospheric moisture for long periods of time, to condensation or by direct contact with water. Therefore, unless special precautions have been taken to minimize this problem, the use of such fibers for external roofing or wall cladding may be unsatisfactory.

It would be desirable to be able to provide a duct casing or external roofing or wall cladding formed from MMVF fibers which are considered to have good physiological solubility under the corresponding test conditions, but which have less tendency to degrade when exposed to ambient moisture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides tubular sleeves or external roofing or wall cladding to which MMVF felt is bonded, wherein the fibers are formed from a composition comprising, based on the weight of the oxides:

SiO ₂ 32 until 48 % A1 ₂ O ₃ 10 until 18 % CaO 10 until 30 % MgO 2 until 20 % FeO 2 until 15 % Na ₂ O + K ₂ 0 0 until 6 % TiO ₂ 0 until 6 % next elements 0 until 15 %

and the composition has a viscosity of 10 to 70 poise (1 to 7 Pa‘s) at 1400 ° C and the fibers have a dissolution rate of at least 20 nm per day, measured at pH 4.5 (as described in WO96 / 14274). Preferably, they are relatively insoluble at pH 7.5.

The invention encompasses MMVF cladding itself, its use as an outer wall cladding or roof covering on buildings and building elements to be exterior to the building and structures or building elements themselves that contain defined MMVF felt. The invention includes the use of duct sleeves for insulating ducts.

The construction or building element generally consists of a metal, wood or other structure to which the MMVF felt is attached in such a position that, when in use, it will be on the outside of the construction. The building may be a whole building, but the invention also includes building elements, for example a roof element ¹ or a wall element. For example, the roof or wall element forms the entire roof or wall of the building, or a plurality of such elements, each containing a plurality of felt, is assembled in place to provide a roof or wall.

The lining felt, as originally manufactured (i.e., before leaving the factory where it is manufactured) or before being installed in or onto a building element or building, is often provided with a substantially total or impermeable sheath on its outer surface. This protective sheath is made of water-repellent materials, for example roofing board, foil or a decorative material, for example colored paint. Even when such a sheath is not applied prior to assembly, the outer surface of the felt or felt in the building element or building is usually provided with the sheath. For example, roofing boards are clad with roofing board, asphalt, wood sheet, nonwoven, foil, or solar heating units. The roof slabs are preferably sufficiently rigid to be walked on. The wall cladding can be clad with plaster (inorganic or organic), cement, paint, polyurethane, roofing board, foil (eg aluminum), glass or solar heating units.

One type of lining felt according to the invention is a very high density MMVF felt, typically with a density of 500 to 2000 kg / m ³ , often 700 to 1200 kg / m ³ . This high density product typically carries a sheath of colored paint or other substantially impermeable or total surface coating. Other felts of the present invention have a lower density than this and are roofing plates or wall plates of conventional construction.

The lining batts of the invention typically have a density of at least 50 kg / m ³ and often at least 70 kg / m ³ , typically up to 500 kg / m ³ . Felts of different densities are applied to one another in use, the felt of higher density usually on the outer side.

Preferred cladding products according to the present invention have a multi-density layer construction, usually a two-density layer construction, an MMVF layer which, when used on the outside of the building, has a higher density than the rest of the felt with which it forms a substantially integral whole. For example, the outer layer typically has a density of at least 60 kg / m ³ and preferably at least 70 or 80 kg / m ³ and often has a density of at least 20 kg / m ³ and often at least 50 kg / m ³ higher than the density is below it. The high density outer layer is usually at least 5 mm thick, often 10 to 40 mm thick, and typically constitutes 2 to 30%, often 3 to 15 or 20% of the total thickness of the MMVF felt.

Cladding felts usually have the shape of a square or rectangular pane, but also other, more complex shapes, especially when they form roof panels. Fels generally have a thickness of 10 to 500 mm. Thicker felts are stiff and available as sheets, but some thinner felts, such as facade or wall panels, are sometimes supplied as a pack of sheet material.

Cladding felt and pipe sleeves are usually joined by adding a conventional phenolic or other binder, typically in an amount of 1 to 5%, often 2 to 5%.

Water-repellent cladding and pipe material in the usual way,% by weight of felt, is additionally sheathed during for example oil can be added to the processing added to

improving water repellency. The total felt annealing loss is generally in the range of 2 or 3% to 5 or 6%.

The felts are made by any of the conventional techniques known to produce felts of the desired design. For the description of suitable methods for the manufacture and use of MMVF exterior wall cladding, roofing and pipe casing, reference may be made to any or all of EP 133,083, 277,500, 420,837, 435,942, 518,964, 521,058,

560,878, 590,098 and 654,100, GB 1,027,799 and 2,223,248, DK

155 163 and DK-U3-9200033, DE-U1-29616962, DE 4,143,387,

4,319,340 and 4,432,866 and WO94 / 16162, 94/16163, 94/16164 and

95/20708 and WO89 / 07731, WO89 / 07733, WO96 / 37728 and WO / 9701060.

All these documents are hereby incorporated by reference.

The fibers are substantially parallel to, or substantially perpendicular to, the felt face. The product is then of a type commonly known as lamellar felt or sheet.

The exterior roofing material is any normally made roofing sheet or other roofing material which generally has a density in the range of 100 to 400 kg / m ³ , preferably 100 to 200 kg / m ³ and a thickness of 10 to 500 mm, usually 10 to 300 mm.

Single-layer roof slabs have a density of 100 to 300 kg / m ³ and a thickness of 10 to 300 mm. Instead of using a single layer, several layers may be superimposed, for example a combination of lamellar and normal felt, but preferably with an outer layer having a higher density and / or lamellar felt.

A preferred roofing is formed of felt of two densities. The lower density is 60 to 200 kg / m ³ and the upper density is usually at least 50 kg / m ³ higher and is usually 200 to 400 kg / m ³ . The bottom thickness is at least 15 mm and the top thickness is 100 to 300 mm. The maximum overall thickness is usually 350 mm.

There are two types of wall cladding. The first type is commonly known as a facade slab. The second type of wall cladding is often known as a lamellar board. The wall cladding generally has a density in the range of 50 to 400, often 50 to 200 kg / m ³ , often 50 to 150 kg / m ³ . For example, façade panels have a density of 70 to 150 kg / m ³ , while lamellar boards have a density of 50 to 100 kg / m ³ or 150 kg / m ³ . Their typical thickness is 10 to 300 mm, often 10 to 200 mm.

Lamellar boards can be manufactured with lower densities compared to normal single-layer boards. In addition, lamellar boards resist the effects of wind (delamination strength), which can be a problem with normal monolayer boards of the same density. The lamellar slabs usually have an impermeable skin, for example of wood, foil, roofing board or other substantially impermeable sheet material.

Typical facade panels have a width of 20 cm or more, e.g. 60 cm and typically may be 1.0 m to 2.0 m in length (e.g., 1.2 m), but are also in the form of a ball (e.g., 10.0 m). The roof slabs typically have a width of more than 50 cm (e.g., 60 cm or 120 to 150 cm) and a length that is larger (e.g., 90 cm to 300 cm, e.g., 180 cm or 140 cm).

Pipe sleeves are used for thermal insulation, cold insulation or condensation insulation for internal or external piping or pipe fittings. The condensation insulation has a thickness or shape designed to condense vapor on the outer surface of the conduit sleeve and / or such that condensed vapor flows out of the conduit sleeve to prevent pipe corrosion (see EP 739,470, WO94 / 05947; EP 528,936, WO97 / 16676 ).

The housing may be coated with an impermeable aluminum foil or sheet; aluminum coated paper; metal sheets, i. j. steel sheets, preferably galvanized metal sheets, with a plastic film or coating to prevent corrosion; roofing board; or a woven or nonwoven web or glass fiber fabric. The tubular sleeve can also be coated with: canvas, colored paint, plastic film, i. PVC, cardboard or paper. The sheathing material can be impregnated with bitumen for weathering resistance.

The sheath material may be fireproof.

The tubular sleeves typically have a density of 40 to 400 kg / m ³ , preferably 60 to 300 kg / m ³ . The tubular sleeves may comprise reinforcing rings as part of the insulation as part of the insulation. Pipe sleeves consist of two types of wool, one type for pipes and the other, a much denser type for reinforcing rings. These reinforcement rings are intended to prevent condensation in cold pipelines and to prevent heat loss in hot pipelines. The reinforcing rings of the tubular sleeves usually have a density of 150 to 400 kg / m ³ , preferably 250 to 350 kg / m ^3, and preferably 300 kg / m ³ . The wool for the remainder of the pipe sleeve has a density of typically 40 to 200 kg / m ³ , preferably 60 to 180 kg / m ³ .

In the invention, preferred amounts of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO, MgO, alkalis, TiO ₂ and other elements, and preferred viscosities and dissolution rates (at pH 4.5 and at pH 7.5) are all as described in WO96 / 14454 and WO96 / 14274 and references are to be made thereto. The preferred amount of Al ₂ O ₃ is 14 to 18%, preferably not more than 17.5%.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following table gives examples of suitable formulations.

H I J The L M Sio ₂ 44.7 44.1 42.9 45, 5 44.9 37.7 Al ₂ o ₃ 15.8 17.7 16, 6 16.2 15, 7 16, 8 TiO ₂ 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 FeO 4.8 6.0 6.3 6, 8 6.7 14.3 CaO 17.7 16.5 16.8 15.8 20.3 15.7 MgO 11.7 11.6 9.6 11.8 7.9 10.4 Na ₂ O 3.2 1.3 5.2 1.9 2.4 3.3 K ₂ 0 0, 6 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 sintering temperature 900 900 > 1000 1000 1000 > 1000 viscosity at 1400 ° C poise 22 21 25 20 21 11 Pa's 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.1 dissolution rate pH 4.5 nm / day 59 56 22 25 34 47

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A MMVF bonded felt, suitable for use as an external roofing or wall covering or as a pipe sleeve, characterized in that the fibers are formed from a composition comprising, based on the weight of the oxides: SiO ₂ 30 to 48% T ai ₂ 0 ₃ 10 to 18% N CaO 10 to 30% MgO 2 to 20% FeO 2 to 15% Na ₂ O + K ₂ O 0 to 6% TiO ₂ 0 to 6% other elements 0 to 15% and the device has at 1400 ° C a viscosity of 10 to 70 poise (1 to 7 Pa's) and fibers have a dissolution rate of at least 20 nm at day, measured at pH 4.5. Felt according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a protective sheath on its outer surface. Felt according to claim 1 or 2 for an external roof covering or wall cladding, characterized in that it has a density of 500 to 2000 kg / m ³ . Felt according to any one of the preceding claims for an outer roofing or wall cladding, characterized in that it has a construction of two densities. The felt according to claim 1 or 2, which is a pipe sleeve, characterized in that it comprises as part of a ring of increased density. Use of a bonded MMVF felt according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as an outer roofing or wall cladding. 7. A construction or building component comprising a felt according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Use of a felt according to claims 1, 2 or 5 as an inner or outer pipe sleeve for pipes or pipe fittings. A pipe, characterized in that it is insulated by a felt pipe sleeve according to claims 1, 2 or 5.