SK1552002A3 - Process for the industrial treatment of poultry litter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to industrial treatment process of poultry manure in a mixture with solid biological waste of vegetable production such as straw from crops or from industrial crops optionally from another waste of vegetable production wherein the resulting product is an organo-mineral fertilizer with a high content of both humus and mineral nutrients. The process comprises mixing 10 parts by weight of poultry manure with dry matter of 10 to 25 percent by weight with 10 to 40 parts by weight of biological waste of vegetable production and subjecting the obtained mixture to a short aerobic fermentation lasting for about 3 to 7 days. During this fermentation, an accelerated humification of organic matters takes place along with the removal of an accompanying bed smell of the material being fermented. During a daily digging the fermented material is pre-dried by a stream of either cold air or air heated to about 80 degC in order to achieve at the most 60 percent by weight of dry matter, whereupon the fermentation is interrupted, the partly dewatered fermented mixture is additionally dried to give 70 to 90 percent by weight of dry matter, pressed or granulated.

Description

Technical field

The subject of the invention is the industrial treatment of biowaste. Proposed organomineral fertilizer.

is an environmentally friendly method of poultry droppings mixed with solids to obtain high quality

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The production of faeces in large-scale poultry farming is becoming a major environmental problem. The direct application of droppings to plots of land causes a significant contamination of the environment with unpleasant odors. At the same time, there is a significant loss of nitrogen, which escapes into the atmosphere in the form of ammonia. If droppings are applied without incorporation into the soil, these losses may represent up to three-quarters of any losses after 24 hours and even up to 90% of any nitrogen in the applied droppings after 3 days. Nitrogen loss in farm fertilizers is then replaced by nitrogen fertilizers, the production of which requires electricity, which is again associated with further environmental contamination.

When assessing current and new technologies for livestock manure, increasing emphasis is placed on maintaining the nutritional value of waste.

The treatment of livestock excrements can be carried out by aerobic and anaerobic procedures. A major disadvantage of anaerobic processes is, in particular, their time consumption, since the reaction by anaerobic processes is 10 to 20 times slower than the aerobic reaction to create optimal aerobic conditions. Another disadvantage of anaerobic fermentations is the large volume of sludge water which remains after separation of solids from anaerobic fermentation.

Another way of processing poultry droppings into organomineral fertilizers is by direct drying them in various types of driers. This method, however, encounters an unacceptable contamination of the environment with an unpleasant odor, which must be collected during drying, for example by various types of filters, which are very expensive to invest. However, the dried fertilizer obtained in the various types of driers continues to smell, which leads to further problems in its storage and application to land. When this fertilizer is wetted, the environment is contaminated with unpleasant odors. As the accompanying phenomenon is an increasing obstacle to the realization of an ecologically and economically advantageous method of industrial processing of poultry manure into an organomineral fertilizer, the elimination of this deficiency has become a primary objective of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object is achieved by the present invention, which is concerned with a process for the industrial treatment of poultry droppings mixed with solid biowaste of plant production. The invention is based on 10 parts by weight of poultry droppings having a dry matter content in the range of 10 to 25% by weight. it is mixed with 10 to 40 parts by weight of solid bio-waste, for example cereal straw and / or grains and / or industrial crops, or other crop production wastes. The resulting mixture is subjected to a 3- to 7-day short-term aerobic fermentation during which the fermented material is tumbled daily and pre-dried with a flow of cold air, or up to 80 ° C heated air to achieve a dry matter content of at most 60 wt. The fermentation mixture is then dried to a dry matter content of 70 to 90 wt. and compresses or granulates.

The poultry droppings are homogenized with cut straw of cereals, grains or industrial crops, or other crop waste in a homogenizer, where the intake material is combined with poultry droppings with a higher dry matter at an increased rotational speed of the mixer and increased air pressure. condition of accelerated start of aerobic process.

The short-term fermentation of poultry droppings with solid biowaste results in increased evaporation of water by the heat released by the oxidative action of aerobic microorganisms, and at the same time accelerated and intense humification of organic substances and efficient deodorization of the fermented mixture. This circumstance allows the fermentation mixture to be dried on different types of drying ovens in the next technological operation without risk of contamination of the air around the drying ovens.

Evaporation of water increases further during aerobic fermentation in a fermentation trough with a withdrawal cutter as the fermentation mixture passes through the fermentation trough conveyors, which are located in wind tunnels into which cold or heated air is blown, during daily digging. However, during the digging, the dry matter content of the fermented material must not exceed 60% by weight, and at a water content of less than 40% by weight. bacterial activity is already attenuated. The increased water evaporation above this concentration can only be carried out when the fermented material is removed from the fermentation trough, where the material is further dried to a dry matter content of 70 to 90% by weight.

The development of aerobic microorganisms is accelerated by a suitable composition of the composition in which the straw-absorbing material is primarily a major carbon source, while poultry manure is primarily a nitrogen source. This creates an optimal C: N ratio for the development of aerobic microorganisms, which is further supported by a suitable humidity in the range of 30 to 60% by weight. and the structure of the homogenized mixture. The cut straw with poultry droppings forms a loose material with sufficient air content, thus creating optimal aerobic conditions for the development of aerobic microorganisms for about 24 hours.

During the 3 to 7 day aerobic fermentation and its accompanying intensive humification of organic substances, mineral nutrients, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, are bound to the resulting humic substances, producing an odorless organomineral fertilizer which, when applied, does not accelerate nutrient leaching.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

EXAMPLE 1 t of chopped straw of straw is continuously mixed with 21 t of poultry droppings in a vertical homogenizer and the resulting mixture is loaded into a fermentation trough with a withdrawal cutter by means of which it automatically flips. The fermented trough passes daily by passing the conveyor tunnels into optimal humification in the fermentation during the daily mixture on the belt fermentation trough, located in the winds blowing in cold air. Under these aerobic conditions, accelerated organic substances occur simultaneously with the deodorization of the accompanying odor of the fermented material. After 5 days, the aerobic fermentation is discontinued, the substrate obtained is dried in a belt drier to a dry matter content of 85% by weight. and then granulated on a granulation press with a 8 mm diameter die.

Example 2 't of cut rapeseed straw is continuously mixed with 20 t of chicken droppings with a dry matter content of 22% by weight. In a vertical homogenizer and then the mixture is further processed as described in Example 1. During daily digging, air heated to 60 ° C is blown into the wind tunnels. During the digging, the dry matter content of the fermented material must not exceed 60% by weight. After 4 days, the aerobic fermentation is discontinued, the substrate obtained is dried in a tumble dryer to a dry matter content of 82% by weight. and then processed on a briquetting press.

Example 3 t of crushed corn straw with a dry matter content of 70% by weight. is continuously mixed with 22 t of poultry droppings with a dry matter content of 18% by weight. in a vertical homogenizer, and then the mixture is treated as in Example 1. After 6 days, the aerobic fermentation is discontinued, the substrate obtained is dried to a dry matter content of 80% by weight. on belt conveyors located in wind tunnels into which heated air is blown to 80 ° C and then processed on a press into square packages of 400 x 600 X 600 mm.

There is no odor contamination during drying and the obtained organomineral fertilizer in the form of granules, briquettes or bales is also odorless, even after being moistened when applied to the soil.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS Process for the industrial treatment of poultry manure in admixture with solid biowaste of plant production, characterized in that 10 parts by weight of poultry manure with a dry matter content of 10 to 25% by weight are used. mixed with 10 to 40 parts by weight of solid biowaste, for example cereal straw and / or grain and / or technical crop or other crop waste, and the resulting mixture is subjected to a 3 to 7 day short-term aerobic fermentation during which the fermented material is digested daily; pre-drying with a cold stream, or up to 80 ° C with heated air to achieve a dry matter content of no more than 60% by weight, then the fermentation process is interrupted, the partially dewatered fermented mixture is dried to a dry matter content of 70-90%. and compressed or granulated.