SK1422020A3 - Electromagnetic motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The electromagnetic motor consists of a stator (4) and a rotor (1), located on a shaft (2), at least two electromagnets (3), the same number of permanent magnets (5) and a device for changing the polarity (6), where the permanent magnets (5 ) are fitted between the electromagnets (3).

Description

The field of technology

The electromagnetic motor according to the present invention is mainly intended for the conversion of energy from electrical to mechanical and mechanical to electrical.

Current state of the art

Currently, all energy conversion devices, especially electric motors, are manufactured without permanent magnet support for the electromagnet. This "deficiency is the cause of losses in electric motors powered by DC or AC voltage to the electromagnet in the stator. Losses also occur when the pole of the permanent magnet in the rotor passes through the core of the electromagnet, which creates a large resistance and causes losses in the electric motor. This deficiency is mainly manifested in electric motors with a steel armature and is especially visible in DC motors with a permanent magnet in the stator, which have a winding wound on an armature in a rotor with a commutator. The commutator, which must be placed on the rotor at the load, switches large currents and is therefore difficult to maintain and line up.

Such devices are difficult to manufacture, have high losses and high wear, especially of the rotor with the commutator, which must be repaired or replaced frequently.

The essence of the invention

The mentioned shortcomings are eliminated by the solution according to the present invention, where the electromagnetic motor consists of a stator and a rotor placed on a shaft, and further consists of a device for changing the polarity. It also consists of at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets that are fitted between the electromagnets. A permanent magnet can be made from one piece of magnet or assembled from individual pieces.

An advantageous variant of the electromagnetic motor is when the stator is equipped with at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets, and the rotor is formed by at least one permanent magnet.

When the current is switched on to the electromagnets, the permanent magnets installed between the electromagnets help to amplify and accelerate the flow of the magnetic field, resulting in an acceleration of the rotation of the rotor to the opposite poles. Permanent magnets between the electromagnets ensure a smooth flow of the magnetic field around the entire circumference of the stator. After switching on the currents in the electromagnets, the flow of the magnetic field from the permanent magnets is redirected to the electromagnets, which causes the acceleration and strengthening of the flow of the magnetic field in the electromagnets and thus also accelerates and strengthens the rotation of the rotor.

Another variant of the electromagnetic motor according to the invention is when the rotor is equipped with at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets. The permanent magnets between the electromagnets ensure a smooth flow of the magnetic field around the entire inner circumference of the rotor, and the stator is also made up of at least one permanent magnet.

Advantageously, the rotor can be internal, at least two-pole and consisting of at least one permanent magnet mounted on the shaft. Another advantageous solution is an external rotor, at least two-pole and consisting of at least one permanent magnet mounted on the inner side of the rotor.

The device for changing the voltage polarity can be an electronic switch or a mechanical switch.

The permanent magnets in the electromagnetic motor between the electromagnets help in starting the motor and reduce its wear.

The performance and high efficiency of the electromagnetic motor can be achieved not only by properly designed electromagnets and permanent magnets installed opposite them, but mainly by installing sufficiently strong permanent magnets between the electromagnets.

The number of permanent magnet electromagnets located in the stator or in the rotor can be arbitrary, but the condition is always their correct alignment. The number of permanent magnets installed opposite the electromagnets can be arbitrary, but appropriate to the given number of electromagnets. It is important to correctly align and switch the current and voltage polarity to the electromagnets. An example with the correct number of electromagnets and the corresponding number of permanent magnets given to them are conventional electric motors.

A big advantage of the electromagnetic motor is that it can work at very low voltage with low revolutions as well as high voltage with higher revolutions and with high efficiency.

Another advantage is the production of an electromagnetic motor. According to this invention, each electromagnet is separate and can be wound separately. Stator or the rotor is then folded together with the electromagnets and s

SK 142-2020 A3 with permanent magnets. Also, in the event of a failure of the electromagnet, only the replacement of the electromagnet can be done, and thus also possible winding. It is not necessary to disassemble the entire device, but only the part that is damaged.

The electromagnetic motor can be used for direct current as well as alternating current, while it is necessary to use the correct mechanical or electronic switch to change the polarity of the voltage for switching the electromagnets.

Overview of images on drawings

In fig. no. 1 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an internal rotor (1), with four electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the stator (4) and one cylindrical permanent magnet mounted on a metal shaft (2) in a two-pole rotor (1) and with two-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

In fig. no. 2 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an internal rotor (1), with eight electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the stator (4) and four segment-shaped permanent magnets mounted on a metal shaft (2) in a four-pole rotor (1) and with two-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

In fig. no. 3 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an internal rotor (1), with six electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the stator (4) and four segment-shaped permanent magnets mounted on a metal shaft (2) in a four-pole rotor (1) and with three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

In fig. no. 4 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an internal rotor (1), with twelve electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the stator (4) and eight segment-shaped permanent magnets mounted on a metal shaft (2) in an eight-pole rotor (1) and with three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

In fig. no. 5 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an external rotor (1), with six electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the inner stator (4) and eight segment-shaped permanent magnets mounted on the inner side of the external eight-pole rotor (1) mounted on shafts (2) and with three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

In fig. no. 6 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an internal rotor (1), with six electromagnets (3) with permanent magnets (5) mounted in the rotor (1) on a shaft (2) and two segment-shaped permanent magnets mounted in the stator (4) and commutator by switching the voltage polarity (6).

Examples of implementation of the invention

Example no. 1

The electromagnetic motor is composed of a stator 4 made from dynamo sheets of quality M530-50A, C3 Remisol EB 5018 hr. 0.5 mm to a total thickness of 20 mm and which forms six separate electromagnets 3, which are separated by permanent magnets 5. The width of the plates of the electromagnet 3 is 10 mm, and the same width is also on the wings that pass into the stator 4. The reason is the overflow of the magnetic field to one side and after switching the polarity to the other side, which is a significant difference from conventional electric motors. In them, the magnetic field flows to both sides at the same time. A copper wire coil is wound on each electromagnet 3. The electrical connection of electromagnets 3 is star-shaped, resulting in a three-phase connection. The permanent magnets 5 are neodymium blocks with dimensions of 20 x 20 x 20 mm placed in the stator 4 so that the magnetic field flows evenly around the circumference of the stator 4.

The rotor 1 consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, on which the rotor 1 with four segment magnets 5 is fixed so as to create a four-pole rotor 1 with alternating north and south poles.

The fronts of the electromagnetic motor are made of dural material with rolling bearings, through which the stainless steel shaft 2 passes. The fronts and the stator 4 are assembled together and fixed with six stainless steel screws with a metric thread.

The electronic three-phase brushless controller 6 with three Hall sensors sensing the position of the rotor 1 is mounted on the rear face of the electromagnetic motor and fixed with screws. The Hall sensors are on the circuit board inside the motor so that they sense the position of the poles on the rotor 1 while ensuring the correct switching of the currents from the brushless controller 6 to the electromagnets 3 connected to the star.

SK 142-2020 A3

Example no. 2

The electromagnetic motor is composed of an internal stator 4 made from dynamo sheets of quality M530-50A, C3 Remisol EB 5018 hr. 0.5 mm to a total thickness of 30 mm and which forms six separate electromagnets 3, which are separated by permanent magnets 5. The width of the plates of the electromagnet 3 is 12 mm, and the same width is also on the wings that pass into the stator 4. The reason is the overflow of the magnetic field to one side and after switching the polarity to the other side. A copper wire coil is wound on each electromagnet 3. The electrical connection of electromagnets 3 is star-shaped, resulting in a three-phase connection. The permanent magnets 5 are neodymium cubes measuring 30 x 20 x 10 mm placed in the stator 4 so that the magnetic field flows evenly around the circumference of the stator 4. Rolling bearings are mounted on the inner stator 4, through which the stainless steel shaft 2 of the outer rotor 1 passes.

The rotor 1 consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, on which the outer rotor 1 with eight segment magnets 5 is fixed so as to form an eight-pole outer rotor 1 with alternating north and south poles.

The electronic three-phase commutatorless controller 6 with three Hall sensors sensing the position of the rotor 1 is mounted on a printed circuit board fixed with screws on the internal stator 4 of the electromagnetic motor. The Hall sensors are on the circuit board inside the motor so that they sense the position of the poles on the rotor 1 while ensuring the correct switching of currents from the brushless controller 6 to the electromagnets 5 connected to the star.

Example no. 3

The electromagnetic motor is composed of an external stator 4 made of a steel pipe, on which two segment magnets 5 with opposite poles are mounted on the inside.

The rotor 1 consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, on which the cores of electromagnets 3 made of electrical steel are mounted, on which a coil of copper wire is wound. The cores are connected by permanent magnets 5 so that a magnetic field flows around the inner circumference of the rotor 1. A commutator composed of six insulated metal lamellas is mounted on the shaft 2, which are electrically connected to the windings of the rotor 1. The electromagnetic motor inputs are fed through carbons with a spring per slats, with only some pairs of slats powering at a given time. When rotating the rotor 1, the direction of the current - that is, the polarity of the voltage - changes to the opposite.

The fronts of the electromagnetic motor are made of composite material, in which rolling bearings and collectors are installed, i.e. two carbons with a spring connected to DC voltage.

Industrial applicability

An electromagnetic motor is an energy conversion device that can be used especially when converting electric current into mechanical work, or vice versa with high efficiency.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. An electromagnetic motor consisting of a stator (4) and a rotor (1) located on a shaft (2), characterized by the fact that it also consists of at least two electromagnets (3), the same number of permanent magnets (5) and a device for changing the polarity ( 6), where permanent magnets (5) are fitted 5 between electromagnets (3). 2. Electromagnetic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator (4) is equipped with at least two electromagnets (3) and the same number of permanent magnets (5); and the rotor (1) is formed by at least one permanent magnet. 3. Electromagnetic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (1) is equipped with at least two electromagnets (3) and the same number of permanent magnets (5); and also the stator (4) is formed by at least one permanent magnet. 4. Electromagnetic motor according to claims la 2, characterized in that the rotor (1) is internal, at least two-pole and consists of at least one permanent magnet mounted on the shaft (2). 15 5. Electromagnetic motor according to claims la 2, characterized in that the rotor (1) is external, at least two-pole and consists of at least one permanent magnet mounted on the inner side of the rotor (1). 6. Electromagnetic motor according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the voltage polarity changing device (6) is a mechanical switch. 7. Electromagnetic motor according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the voltage polarity changing device (6) is an electronic switch.