SI9800130A

SI9800130A - Aircraft wing surface whetting device

Info

Publication number: SI9800130A
Application number: SI9800130A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Slavko Toman; Samo Podlipec
Original assignee: Elan Line D.O.O.
Priority date: 1998-05-05
Filing date: 1998-05-05
Publication date: 1999-12-31

Abstract

The invention deals with an aircraft wing surface whetting device; it serves the whetting of relatively large arched surfaces, which can be for example found on wings of glider aeroplanes. The aim of the invention is to ensure as uniform whetting as possible with such a device type, taking into account not only the geometry of repositioning of the whetting device but also the pressure of the whetting device against the whetted surface. According to the invention the whetting device (14) can be moved along all the axes (x, y, z) and at the same time it can be rotated around them. This way the process of moving the whetting device (14) along and/or around the three axes (x, y, z) can be predetermined and performed with the help of corresponding driving methods, preferably PC-control, together with a simultaneous motion control or swivelling of the whetting device (14) in the vertical axis (z), depending on the horizontal power component, which is constantly measured by a measuring probe (26) by which the whetting device (14) is exerting pressure on the whetted wing surface (K).

Description

Naprava za brušenje površin letalskih krilAircraft surface grinding device

Izum se nanaša na napravo za brušenje površin letalskih kril, namreč za brušenje usločenih površin razmeroma velikih izmer, kakršne so npr. na voljo pri krilih jadralnih letal.The invention relates to a device for grinding the surfaces of aeronautical wings, namely, for grinding contoured surfaces of relatively large dimensions, such as e.g. available on glider wings.

Izhajajoč iz doslej znanih naprav za brušenje letalskih kril je izum osnovan na problemu, kako pri tovrstni napravi zagotoviti enakomernost in učinkovitost brušenja, upoštevajoč pri tem tako geometrijo premikanja brusilnega orodja kot tudi potreben pritisk brusilnega orodja proti brušeni površini.The invention is based on the problem of how to ensure uniformity and efficiency of grinding with this device, taking into account both the geometry of movement of the grinding tool and the required pressure of the grinding tool against the grinding surface.

Sprva so krila brusili ročno, kar je sicer še vedno možno, vendar pa je povezano z velikimi napori in stroški v smislu potrebne količine fizičnega dela v težkih delovnih pogojih, pri čemer tega je povrhu vsega težko zagotoviti ustrezno enakomernost in kakovost brušenja.Initially, the wings were manually sanded, which is still possible, but it involves great effort and expense in terms of the required amount of physical labor in difficult working conditions, making it even more difficult to ensure proper uniformity and quality of grinding.

Po drugi strani je iz SI 8912187A že znana naprava za brušenje letalskih kril, ki naj bi omogočala vsaj delno eliminacijo prej omenjenih pomanjkljivosti. Pri tem je ta znana naprava zasnovana z nosilnim stebrom, ki je v vzdolžni smeri naprave premakljivo nameščen na ustreznih vodilih. Na stebru je nameščen v navpični smeri premakljiv suport, na slednjem pa vodoravna konzola, na kateri je pritrjena rotacijska glava. Na slednji je nameščen zračni valj, ki nosi nadaljnjo rotacijsko glavo. Na slednji je pritrjen podolgovat nosilec, ki na svojih koncih obsega zračna valja, na katerih je pritrjeno brusilno orodje in ki sta namenjena za izvajanje podajalnega gibanja pri brušenju. Ko je krilo v vodoravnem položaju pritrjeno na ustrezne nosilce, lahko z vzdolžnim premikanjem stebra, navpičnim premikanjem suporta in prečnim premikanjem rotacijske glave namestijo brusilno orodje na določenoi lokacijo na površini krila. Tlak v zračnih valjih nastavijo s pomočjo ustreznega tlačnega regulatorja, na ta način pa tudi določijo pritisk brusilnega orodja proti površini krila, predvideni za brušenje. Položaj in smer gibanja orodja krmilijo z rotacijskima glavama, pri čemer glavno oz. delovno gibanje vrši pod konzolo nameščeni zračni valj, pri katerem je možno krmiliti pomik in hitrost.SI 8912187A, on the other hand, already has an aircraft wing grinding device, which is intended to allow at least partial elimination of the aforementioned deficiencies. In doing so, this known device is designed with a support post, which is movably mounted on suitable guides in the longitudinal direction of the device. A pivotable support is mounted on the pillar in the vertical direction and a horizontal bracket on the latter with a rotary head attached. The latter is fitted with an air cylinder that carries a further rotary head. An elongated bracket is attached to the latter, which at its ends comprises air cylinders on which the grinding tool is attached and which are intended for carrying out a feed motion during grinding. When the wing is mounted horizontally to the appropriate supports, longitudinal movement of the column, vertical movement of the support and transverse movement of the rotary head can place the grinding tool at a specific location on the wing surface. The pressure in the air cylinders is adjusted by means of a suitable pressure regulator, thereby determining the pressure of the grinding tool against the surface of the wing intended for grinding. The position and direction of movement of the tool are controlled by rotary heads, with the main or working movement is made under the console by an installed air cylinder, which can be controlled by displacement and speed.

Tovrstna naprava naj bi v splošnem lahko vsaj v dobršni meri odpravila potrebo po ročnem brušenju. Vendar pa iz njene zasnove izhajajo določene pomanjkljivosti, ki so se v praksi izkazale kot nepremostljive. Pri določanju delovnih gibov prej obravnavanih sklopov se namreč ni možno izogniti mrtvim točkam, ki so prisotne pri oscilatomem gibanju, podobno kot npr. pri skobljanju ali pehanju. Na ta način se je torej brusilno orodje na določenih lokacijah zadrževalo večkrat in dalj časa kot na drugih lokacijah, zato o enakomernosti brušenja ni možno govoriti. Po drugi strani so brušene površine bolj ali manj usločene, nagib določene lokacije površine glede npr. na horizontalo pa je vseskozi spremenljiv. Ker zračna valja, pri katerih je sicer možno regulirati hitrost in pomik, z nespremenljivim ali vnaprej na določeno vrednost nastavljenim tlakom pritiskata brusilno orodje proti za brušenje predvideni usločeni površini, je normalna komponenta sile pritiskanja na različnih lokacijah različna. Jasno je, da tudi to nikakor ni v prid enakomernosti brušenja. Zato - kot rečeno - s tovrstno zasnovo v praksi ni bilo možno zagotoviti dovolj enakomernega brušenja v okviru še sprejemljivih učinkov glede kakovosti.Such a device should generally be able to eliminate the need for manual grinding at least to a good extent. However, some of its flaws emerge from its design, which in practice have proven insurmountable. In determining the working movements of the assemblies discussed above, it is not possible to avoid the blind spots that are present in the oscillatory motion, similar to, e.g. when planing or blowing. In this way, the grinding tool was retained at certain locations more times and for a longer time than at other locations, so that the uniformity of grinding cannot be said. On the other hand, sanded surfaces are more or less flattened, the slope of a particular surface location relative to e.g. and the horizontal is always variable. Since air cylinders, which can otherwise be controlled by velocity and displacement, press the grinding tool against the intended grinding surface with a fixed or pre-set pressure, the normal component of the compression force at different locations is different. Clearly, this is not in any way in favor of even grinding. Therefore, as has been said, this design could not, in practice, ensure sufficient even grinding in the context of still acceptable quality effects.

Pričujoči izum se nanaša na napravo za brušenje površin letalskih kril, pri kateri brusilni sklop obsega ustrezen brusilnik in je preko glede na konzolo s pomočjo obračalnega sklopa okoli vertikalne osi zasukljivega nosilca z vodili za izvajanje premikanja v prečni horizontalni osi oz. v prečni smeri krila pritrjen na konzoli, ki je v vertikalni osi naprave oz. vertikalni smeri krila premakljivo nameščena na stebru, premakljivem v vzdolžni smeri naprave oz. v vzdolžni horizontalni smeri letalskega krila. Vandar pa so po izumu pomanjkljivosti doslej znanih naprav v kontekstu rešitve uvodoma opredeljenega problema odpravljene z napravo, pri kateri je na vodilih pod konzolo preko obračalnega sklopa pritrjenega horizontalnega nosilca pritrjen nadaljnji obračalni sklop, s katerim je brusilnik glede na omenjeni nosilec zasukljiv okoli vertikalne osi, na omenjenem obračalnem sklopu pa je pritrjeno v vertikalni smeri premakljivo dvižno ogrodje, na katerega spodnjem koncu sta na voljo merilna sonda in brusilni sklop z brusilnikom, pri čemer je brusilnik brusilnega sklopa z omenjenim ogrodjem povezan preko ročice, na kateri je pritrjen z možnostjo zasuka okoli horizontalne osi, kot tudi preko ustreznega blažilnika tresljajev. Pri tem je omenjena merilna sonda predvidena za merjenje vertilkalne, namreč v vertikalni smeri potekajoče komponente sile, s katero je brusilnik pritisnjen proti brušeni površini krila. Omenjeno dvižno ogrodje obsega vertikalno vodilo in zobato letev ter nosilec motorja za dviganje in spuščanje brusilnika, na svojem spodnjem koncu pa tudi vodilno ploščo za nagibanje brusilnika v smislu sledenja obliki površine krila v njegovi vzdolžni smeri. Pri tem je brusilnik na omenjeni ročici prednostno pritrjen kar s pomočjo tečajev. Ob tovrstni zasnovi je brusilnik okoli vertikalne osi skupaj z nosilcem vrtljiv zahvaljujoč neposredno pod konzolo nameščenemu obračalnemu sklopu, razen tega pa tudi povsem neodvisno od položaja omenjenega nosilca oz. relativno glede na slednjega zahvaljujoč pod slednjim v horizontalnih vodilih nameščenemu obračalnemu sklopu. Pri tem je brusilnik premakljiv vzdolž vseh treh prostorskih osi in hkrati okoli le-teh tudi zasukljiv. Sam potek premikanja brusilnika vzdolž in/ali okoli omenjenih osi je vnaprej določljiv in izvedljiv s pomočjo pogonskih sredstev, upravljivih s pomočjo računalnika, ob sočasnem krmiljenju primikanja oz. odmikanja brusilnika v vertikalni smeri v odvisnosti od horizontalne komponente sile pritiskanja brusilnika proti brušeni površini krila, ki jo pri tem vseskozi zaznava merilna sonda.The present invention relates to a device for grinding the surfaces of aerofoils, wherein the grinding assembly comprises a suitable grinder and is transmitted relative to the bracket by means of a rotary assembly about a vertical axis of a rotating support with guides for movement in the transverse horizontal axis or. in the transverse direction of the wing attached to the console, which is in the vertical axis of the device or. the vertical direction of the wing movably positioned on a column movable in the longitudinal direction of the device or. in the longitudinal horizontal direction of the wing. According to the invention, however, the disadvantages of the previously known devices in the context of solving the previously identified problem have been eliminated by a device in which a further rotary assembly is attached to the guides under the console via a rotating assembly of a fixed horizontal carrier, which rotates the grinder about said carrier about a vertical axis, on the said swivel assembly, a movable lifting frame is mounted in the vertical direction, at the lower end of which there is a measuring probe and a grinding device with a grinder, the grinder of the grinding assembly with said frame being connected via a handle on which it is capable of being pivoted about. horizontal axes, as well as through a suitable vibration damper. The said measuring probe is intended for measuring the vertical, in the vertical direction of the running component of the force by which the grinder is pressed against the sanded surface of the wing. Said lifting frame comprises a vertical guide and a toothed rack and motor support for raising and lowering the grinder, and at its lower end a guide plate for tilting the grinder in terms of tracking the shape of the wing surface in its longitudinal direction. The grinder is preferably attached to said lever by means of hinges. With this design, the grinder is rotatable about the vertical axis together with the carrier thanks to a rotating assembly directly below the console, and also completely independent of the position of said carrier or. relative to the latter, thanks to the rotating assembly installed in the horizontal guides below the latter. The grinder is movable along all three axial axes and rotatable around them. The course of movement of the grinder along and / or around said axes is predetermined and feasible by means of computer-controlled propellants, while simultaneously controlling the displacement or displacement of the grinder in the vertical direction, depending on the horizontal component of the force of the grinder pressing against the grinding surface of the wing, which is always detected by the measuring probe.

Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen na osnovi primera izvedbe, ponazorjenega na priloženi skici, pri čemer kažejo sl. 1 shematično prikazano napravo za brušenje površin letalskih kril v pogledu od strani, sl. 2 napravo v prerezu v ravnini II - II po sl. 1, sl. 3 napravo v prerezu v ravnini III - III po sl. 1, sl. 4 shematično prikazano napravo v narisu, sl. 5 shematično prikazano napravo v tlorisu in pri različnih položajih brusilnega orodja na površini letalskega krila.The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawing. 1 is a schematic view of a side view surface grinding device, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device in plane II - II according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device in plane III - III according to FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the device in the outline, FIG. 5 schematically shows the device in the plan and at various positions of the grinding tool on the surface of the airfoil.

Naprava za brušenje letalskih kril obsega vertikalno konzolo 1, ki je nameščena na ustreznem stebru, ki na skici sicer ni prikazan, in skupaj z omenjenim stebrom premakljiva v vzdolžni smeri (x) naprave oz. v smeri vzdolžne osi letalskega krila (K), kije ponazorjena na sl. 5.The airframe grinding device comprises a vertical bracket 1, which is mounted on a corresponding pillar which is not otherwise shown in the drawing and, together with the said pillar, is movable in the longitudinal direction (x) of the device or. in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the wing (K) illustrated in FIG. 5.

Konzola 1 je opremljena z obračalnim sklopom 22. Taje nameščen pod konzolo 1, na njem pa je pritrjen nosilec 23 prečnih vodil 24. Na nosilcu 23 je nameščen elektromotor 25, ki je prirejen za premikanje omenjenih vodil 24 v prečni smeri (y) naprave oz. v smeri prečne osi letalskega krila (K). Nosilec 23 je vrtljiv okoli navpične osi s pomočjo prej omenjenega obračalnega sklopa 22.The bracket 1 is equipped with a swivel assembly 22. It is then mounted under the bracket 1 and a carrier 23 of the transverse guides 24 is attached thereto. An electric motor 25 is arranged on the carrier 23, which is adapted to move said guides 24 in the transverse direction (y) of the device or . in the direction of the transverse axis of the wing (K). The carrier 23 is rotatable about a vertical axis by means of the aforementioned rotary assembly 22.

Na omenjenih vodilih 24 je pritrjen nadaljni obračalni sklop 2, ki je opremljen z zobato letvijo 21. Na omenjenem obračalnem sklopu 2 je pritrjeno dvižno ogrodje 4, obsegajoče vertikalno vodilo 16 in nosilec 3 motorja za dviganje in spuščanje oz. premikanje v smeri navpične osi (z) oz. v smeri vertikalno glede na krilo (K). Na omenjenem dvižnem ogrodju 4 sta na spodnjem koncu 40 na voljo brusilni sklop 100 in merilna sonda 26. Slednja je namenjena za merjenje vertikalne komponente sile, s katero je brusilni sklop 100 pritisnjen proti krilu (K). Brusilni sklop 100 je možno pozicionirati preko vodilne plošče 7, ki je pritrjena na spodnjem koncu 40 ogrodja 4 in je namenjena za nagibanje sklopa 100 v smislu sledenja obliki krila (K) v njegovi vzdolžni smeri.On said guides 24, a further rotary assembly 2 is provided, which is equipped with a toothed rack 21. On said rotary assembly 2, a lifting frame 4 is attached, comprising a vertical guide 16 and a carrier 3 of the lifting and lowering motors. move in the direction of the vertical axis (z) or. in a vertical direction relative to the wing (K). On said lifting frame 4, a grinding assembly 100 and a measuring probe 26 are provided at the lower end 40. The latter is intended to measure the vertical force component by which the grinding assembly 100 is pressed against the wing (K). The grinding assembly 100 can be positioned via a guide plate 7, which is fixed at the lower end 40 of the frame 4 and is intended to tilt the assembly 100 in terms of tracking the wing shape (K) in its longitudinal direction.

Brusilni sklop 100 sestoji iz v danem primeru dvojne ročice 12, ki je preko blažilnika 9 tresljajev pritijena na prej omenjenem dvižnem ogrodju 4, in sicer z možnostjo zasuka okoli svoje horizontalne osi, kot tudi iz brusilnika 14, ki je s pomočjo tečajev 5 pritrjen na omenjeni ročici 12. Na ta način je možno brusilnik 14 nagibati okoli njegove horizontalne osi, ki poteka v vzdolžni smeri krila (K).The grinding assembly 100 consists of a dual arm 12, optionally attached to the aforementioned lifting frame 4 via a vibration damper 9, rotatably around its horizontal axis, as well as a grinder 14, which is secured by means of hinges 5 to said arms 12. In this way it is possible to tilt the grinder 14 about its horizontal axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the wing (K).

Brusilnik 14 je vibracijski brusilnik, ki vrši oscilirajoče ravninsko gibanje v določenem območju na površini krila (K). Tovrstna zasnova naprave omogoča vodenje brusilnika 14 v vseh treh oseh (x, y, z) in razen tega tudi njegovo nagibanje okoli omenjenih osi (x, y, z). Razen tega je možno s pomočjo predhodno opisanih sestavnih delov geometrijske karakteristike delovnih in morebitnih drugih gibov brusilnika 14 vnaprej na optimalen način določiti glede na geometrijske karakteristike za brušenje predvidene površine letalskega krila (K). Strokovnjaku bo razumljivo, da je možno vse gibe brusilnika 14 izvajati s pomočjo ustreznih pogonskih sklopov, katerih delovanje je možno vnaprej določiti in programirati, še zlasti pa krmiliti s pomočjo računalnika. Tako je možno pot brusilnika 14 po površini krila (K) brez nadaljnjega določiti na tak način, da so izvzete vsakršne mrtve točke in da se brusilnik 14 zlagoma in brez nenadnih večjih sprememb hitrosti premika po površini krila (K) in pri tem vrši enakomerno brušenje. Kot je razvidno npr. na sl. 5, je s pomočjo opisane zasnove naprave možno doseči najrazličnejše položaje brusilnika 14 na površini letalskega krila (K).Grinder 14 is a vibrational grinder that performs oscillating plane motion in a defined area on the wing surface (K). This design of the device allows the grinder 14 to be guided in all three axes (x, y, z) and furthermore tilts it about said axes (x, y, z). In addition, the geometric characteristics of the workpiece and any other motions of the grinder 14 can be optimally determined in advance with the help of the components described above in relation to the geometrical characteristics for grinding the intended surface of the wing (K). It will be understood by one of skill in the art that all movements of the grinder 14 can be performed with the aid of suitable drive assemblies, the operation of which can be predetermined and programmed, and in particular controlled by a computer. In this way, the grinder 14 can be positioned on the wing surface (K) without further defining in such a way that any blind spots are excluded and that the grinder 14 moves smoothly and without sudden major changes in speed over the wing surface (K), thereby doing a uniform grinding . As can be seen, e.g. in FIG. 5, the described design of the device makes it possible to achieve the various positions of the grinder 14 on the surface of the wing (K).

Še zlasti velja poudariti, daje možno med brušenjem s pomočjo merilne sonde 26 stalno zasledovati silo, s katero je brusilnik 14 pritisnjen proti brušeni površini krila (K). Zaradi spreminjanja naklona površine in s tem brusilnika 14 bi se sicer utegnilo zgoditi, da bi bila omenjena sila spremenljiva. Tako pa se naprava na vsakršno spremembo omenjene sile nemudoma odzove s primikanjem ali odmikanjem brusilnika 14 v vertikalni smeri (z), npr. s pomočjo vertikalnega vodila 16.In particular, it should be noted that during grinding, the force by which the grinder 14 is pressed against the grinding surface of the wing (K) can be continuously monitored by means of a measuring probe 26. Changing the inclination of the surface and thereby the grinder 14 may otherwise cause the said force to be variable. Thus, the device responds immediately to any change in said force by moving or moving the grinder 14 in the vertical direction (z), e.g. using a vertical guide 16.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

A device for grinding the surfaces of aircraft wings, wherein the grinding assembly (100) comprises a suitable grinder (14) and is transversely to the bracket (1) by means of a rotary assembly (22) about the vertical axis (z) of the rotatable carrier (23) with guides (24) to perform movement in the transverse horizontal axis (y) or. in the transverse direction of the wing (K) attached to the bracket (1), which is in the vertical axis (z) of the device or. the vertical direction of the airfoil (K) is movably mounted on a pillar movable in the longitudinal direction (x) of the device or. in the longitudinal horizontal direction of the airfoil (K), characterized in that a further rotary assembly (2) is attached to the guides (24) under the console (1) via a rotating assembly (22) of a fixed horizontal carrier (23), by which the grinder (14) with respect to said bracket (23) rotatable about the vertical axis (z), and on the said swivel assembly (2) a movable lifting frame (4) is fixed in the vertical direction (z), with its lower end (40) at a measuring probe (26) and a grinding assembly (100) are provided with a grinder (14), wherein the grinder (14) of the grinding assembly (100) is connected to said frame (4) via at least one arm (12) on which it is secured with the possibility of rotation about the horizontal axis (x), as well as through at least one shock absorber (9) of the vibrations of the grinder (14).

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring probe (26) is provided for measuring the vertical, in the vertical direction (z) of the running force component, by which the grinder (14) is pressed against the grinding surface of the wing (K).

Apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lifting frame (4) comprises a vertical guide (16) and a toothed rack (21) and a support (3) for the grinder raising and lowering engine (14) at its lower end (40) as well as a guide plate (7) for tilting the grinder (14) in terms of tracking the shape of the wing surface (K) in the longitudinal direction (x) thereof.

Apparatus according to Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the grinder (14) is attached to the lever or. levers (12) by means of hinges (5).

Apparatus according to claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the grinder (14) is rotatable about the vertical axis (z) together with the carrier (23) thanks directly to the rotating assembly (22) directly below the bracket (1), regardless of the position of said carrier (23) respectively. relative to the latter, thanks to the rotary assembly (2) installed in the horizontal guides (24) below the latter.

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinder (14) is movable along all three spatial axes (x, y, z) and at the same time rotates or rotates about them. inclined.

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the course of movement of the grinder (14) along and / or around the space axes (x, y, z) is predefined and practicable by means of a means of operation, preferably controlled by a computer, with simultaneous control of the approach or moving the grinder (14) in a vertical direction (z), depending on the horizontal component of the force of the grinder (14) against the brushed surface of the sash (K), which is always detected by the measuring probe (26).