SI9700285A - Terminal strip assembly and surge protection of a protective plug for electric and telecommunication junctions - Google Patents
Terminal strip assembly and surge protection of a protective plug for electric and telecommunication junctions Download PDFInfo
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Description
Sklop priključne letve in prenapetostnega zaščitnega vtiča pri električnih in telekomunikacijskih vozliščihAssembly of connection strip and overvoltage protection plug at electrical and telecommunication nodes
Pričujoči izum se nanaša na sklop priključne letve in prenapetostnega zaščitnega vtiča pri električnih in telekomunikacijskih vozliščih.The present invention relates to an assembly of a connection strip and an overvoltage protection plug at electrical and telecommunication nodes.
Cilj pričujočega izuma je zasnovati sklop priključne letve in prenapetostnega zaščitnega vtiča, pri katerem naj bi bilo ob absolutni ohranitvi in kvečjemu še nadaljnjemu izboljšanju električnih karakteristik sklopa v smislu učinkovite prenapetostne zaščite v primerjavi z doslej znanimi sklopi, pri tovrstnem sklopu omogočeno ranžiranje dovodnih/odvodnih žic na priključni letvi brez poprejšnjega izvlačenja vtiča.It is an object of the present invention to design an assembly of a connecting strip and an overvoltage protection plug, whereby the absolute conservation and, at the most, the further improvement of the electrical characteristics of the assembly in terms of effective overvoltage protection in comparison with the known known ones, enables the supply / discharge wires to be marshalled in the present invention. on the terminal strip without first removing the plug.
Pri električnih in/ali telekomunikacijskih vozliščih, npr. v telefonskih centralah, je po eni strani potrebno zagotoviti možnost karseda racionalnega in preglednega povezovanja množice dovodnih in odvodnih žic, po drugi strani pa ustrezno prenapetostno zaščito. Slednja se nanaša tako na občasno pojavljajoče se večje ah manjše električne napetostne preobremenitve v električnih tokokrogih kot tudi na enormne trenutne napetostne preobremenitve, do katerih lahko pride zaradi eksternih vplivov, npr. zaradi atmosferskih razelektritev oz. udarov strele.For electrical and / or telecommunications nodes, e.g. in telephone exchanges, on the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of rational and transparent connection of a plurality of supply and discharge wires, and on the other hand adequate surge protection. The latter refers both to occasionally occurring larger or smaller electrical voltage overloads in electrical circuits as well as to the enormous instantaneous overloads that may occur due to external influences, e.g. due to atmospheric discharges or lightning strikes.
Problem racionalnosti in preglednosti povezovanja množice vodnikov v praksi rešujejo na ta način, da določeno število vodnikov napeljejo do ustrezne priključne letve, obsegajoče določeno število priključnih mest, do katerih so ranžirani vodniki, nato pa od priključne letve spet določeno število vodnikov vodi do določenih električnih naprav ah drugih ustreznih električnih priključkov. Pri tem so v vsakokratnem električnem in/ali telekomunikacijskem vozlišču priključne letve na karseda pregleden način v bistvu matrično razporejene v ustreznih drug poleg drugega nahajajočih se stolpcih. V vsakem od stolpcev sta na voljo po dve vertikalno nameščeni pritrdilni letvi, takoimenovani tračnici, tako da je vsaka od priključnih letev pritrjena med obema razpoložljivima tračnicama. V ta namen sta na bočnih stranicah priključne letve, natančneje njenega ohišja, običajno predvideni ustrezni stremeni.The problem of rationality and transparency of connection of a plurality of conductors is solved in practice in such a way that a certain number of conductors is routed to a suitable connection strip, comprising a certain number of connecting points to which the conductors are marshalled, and then from a connecting strip again a certain number of conductors leads to certain electrical devices ah other suitable electrical connections. In this case, in each electrical and / or telecommunication node, the connection strips are in a transparent manner essentially matrically arranged in correspondingly adjacent columns. Each column has two vertically mounted mounting rails, the so-called rails, so that each of the connecting rails is fastened between the two rails available. To this end, the corresponding sides are usually provided on the sides of the connecting strip, more specifically its housing.
Problem prenapetostne zaščite rešujejo na ta način, da je v letvi ob vsakem priključnem mestu, torej za vsak par dovodnega in odvodnega vodnika na voljo po eno priključno gnezdo, kamor je možno namestiti vsakokrat ustrezen prenapetostni zaščitni vtič. Pri tem je na voljo več izvedb vtičev z različnimi električnimi lastnostmi, ki pa so praviloma vsi prirejeni za vstop v vsako od omenjenih gnezd, tako da je možno v vsako od gnezd vstaviti kateregakoli od vtičev z različnimi karakteristikami. Določeni vtiči so namenjeni izključno ali predvsem za učinkovito prenapetostno zaščito.The problem of overvoltage protection is solved in such a way that there is one connection slot for each pair of supply and discharge conductors in each lath, ie for each pair of supply and discharge conductors, where a suitable surge protective plug can be installed at each time. There are several versions of plugs with different electrical characteristics, but as a rule they are all adapted to enter into each of said sockets, so that any of the sockets with different characteristics can be inserted into each of the sockets. Certain plugs are intended solely or principally for effective surge protection.
Ko je tak prenapetostni zaščitni vtič vstavljen v ustreznem priključnem gnezdu vsakokrat pripadajoče priključne letve, je vzpostavljen tokokrog, ki poteka preko dovodnega vodnika, ranžiranega na letvi, preko ustreznih prevodnih delov same letve do prevodnih delov in prenapetostnih zaščitnih delov vtiča, od tam pa preko nadaljnjih prevodnih delov letve na odvodni vodnik, ki je - kot rečeno - prav tako ranžiran na priključni letvi. V primeru napetostnih preobremenitev le-te prevzame vtič, medtem ko naj bi preostali elementi vsakokratnega tokokroga ostali nepoškodovani.When such an overvoltage protective plug is inserted into the corresponding connecting socket of the respective connecting lath, a circuit is established which runs through the supply conductor, shunted on the lath, through the corresponding conductive parts of the lath itself to the conductive parts and the overvoltage protective parts of the plug, and from there through further conductive parts of the lath to the drainage conductor, which - as mentioned - is also marshalled on the connection lath. In the case of voltage overloads, the plug takes over, while the remaining elements of each circuit should remain intact.
Eden od tovrstnih sklopov priključne letve in vtiča je znan npr. že iz objavljene slovenske patentne prijave št. P-9300570, razen tega pa so iz različnih virov znane tudi posamezne izvedbe priključnih letev (npr. iz SI P-9500100, iz YU P-378/89, iz DE 34 15 369 Al ter DE 40 08 386 Al), iz drugih virov (npr. iz DE 40 05 942 Al) pa tudi posamezne izvedbe vtičev.One such assembly and plug assembly is known e.g. already published patent application no. P-9300570, in addition, individual versions of connecting laths are known from various sources (eg SI P-9500100, YU P-378/89, DE 34 15 369 Al and DE 40 08 386 Al), from others sources (eg from DE 40 05 942 Al) as well as individual plug designs.
Pri doslej znanih relevantnih rešitvah sklopov in/ali priključnih letev je priključna letev vselej izvedena z ohišjem, ki je na kar najbolj ekonomičen način izvedeno iz električno neprevodnega ohišja, npr. iz umetnih mas. Na bočnih stranicah sta predvideni stremeni (v tlorisu nekako v obliki črke C), ki sicer omogočata pritrditev ohišja letve na/med vsakokrat razpoložljivi tračnici. Tak način pritrditve drži ohišje na mestu, vendar pa ne omogoča zadostne togosti same pritrditve. Tako se pri ranžiranju odvodnih/dovodnih vodnikov ohišje premika in zvrača, kar nedvomno otežuje ranžiranje, ki sicer zahteva veliko natančnosti in zbranosti.In the case of known relevant solutions of assemblies and / or terminal strips known so far, the terminal strip is always made with a housing which is constructed in the most economical way from an electrically conductive housing, e.g. of plastics. The sides are provided with stirrups (in C-shaped floor plan) that otherwise allow the mounting of the lath housing to / between the available rails. This type of attachment holds the housing in place, but does not allow sufficient rigidity of the attachment itself. Thus, when casing / inlet conductors are shunted, the housing shifts and rotates, which undoubtedly complicates shunting, which otherwise requires a great deal of precision and precision.
Nadalje so na ohišju doslej znanih letev, natančneje na vzdolžnih stranicah ohišja, predvidene ranžirne objemke, ki so druga ob drugi in v poravnanem nizu ekvidistančno razporejene vzdolž vsakokrat pripadajoče vzdolžne stranice. Vsako od omenjene objemke tvorita dve druga ob drugi nahajajoči se štrlini, od katerih je vsaka izvedena nekako kot konveksen trikotnik, med njima pa je na voljo proti pripadajoči vzdolžni stranici ohišja ožeča se vrzel. Število vrzeli vzdolž vsakokratne vzdolžne stranice ohišja priključne letve ustreza številu dovodnih/odvodnih vodnikov in torej hkrati številu priključnih gnezd za namestitev vtičev. Namen objemk je namreč zagotoviti dovolj čvrsto pritrditev dovodnega ali odvodnega vodnika na ohišje, pri čemer je zatem od objemk vsakokraten vodnik na krajši razdalji speljan do električnega priključnega mesta na letvi, natančneje na njenem zgornjem delu, kamor je praviloma vtisnjen. Znane rešitve objemk sicer zagotavljajo čvrstost pritrditve dovodnih in/ali odvodnih vodnikov oz. njihovih elekrično-prevodnih žil na ohišje priključne letve, vendar pa med nameščanjem in pričvrščevanjem vodnikov v objemke pogosto prihaja do poškodb. Nameščanje vodnika namreč ni enostavno, saj je vsakokraten vodnik potrebno z ustrezno silo v natančno določeni smeri potisniti v prej omenjeno vrzel. Glede na zgoraj opisan način pritrditve celotne letve je očitno, da zvračanje celotnega ohišja lahko prav tako občutno pripomore k zapletenosti tega početja. Pogosto ima torej oboje za posledico nedopustne poškodbe vodnika, namreč izolacijskega plašča vodnika v območju objemke. K zapletenosti vzpostavljanja ustreznih tokokrogov pa za nameček izdatno pripomore še prostorska stiska, ki se jih v tovrstnih vozliščih pri dosedanjih rešitvah sklopov letev in vtičev ni možno izogniti, razlogi zanjo pa bodo podrobneje opisani v nadaljevanju.Furthermore, shroud clamps are provided on the housing of previously known laths, more precisely on the longitudinal sides of the housing, which are arranged side by side and in an aligned series, equidistantly arranged along each respective longitudinal side. Each of said clamps is formed by two projecting projections, each of which is made in the form of a convex triangle, and between them is available against a corresponding longitudinal side of the housing a narrowing gap. The number of gaps along each longitudinal side of the terminal strip housing corresponds to the number of inlet / outlet conductors and therefore to the number of connection sockets for plug placement. The purpose of the clamps is to ensure a sufficiently secure attachment of the inlet or outlet conductor to the housing, and then each conductor is shortly routed to the electrical connection point on the lath, more precisely at its upper part, where it is generally imprinted. Known clamping solutions, however, ensure the firmness of the inlet and / or outlet conductors and / or outlets. their electrically conductive cores to the terminal block housing, but often damage during installation and attachment of the conductors to the clamps. It is not easy to install a conductor, since each conductor must be pushed into the gap mentioned above with the appropriate force in a specific direction. Considering the method of fixing the entire lath described above, it is obvious that flipping the entire housing can also significantly add to the complexity of this work. Often, therefore, both result in impermissible damage to the conductor, namely the insulating jacket of the conductor in the area of the clamp. The complexity of establishing suitable circuits, however, is additionally aided by the spatial distress that cannot be avoided at such nodes in the solutions of lath and plug assemblies so far, and the reasons for this will be described in more detail below.
Zlasti npr. pri telekomunikacijskih vozliščih, v katerih so vključeni vodniki, ki sicer vodijo tudi do zapletenih, dragih in izjemno občutljivih naprav, je vsekakor lahko zahtevana tudi izjemno učinkovita prenapetostna zaščita. Izhajajoč iz doslej znanih rešitev vtičev in razpoložljivih električnih oz. elektronskih komponent je zato neizogibno temu primemo zapleten in tudi prostominsko obsežen tudi električni sklop v samem vtiču, ki obsega plinske odvodnike in podobne električne komponente, ki sicer dobro preprečujejo napetostne preobremenitve, so pa razmeroma velike oz. prostominsko obsežne. Toda zaradi univerzalnosti pri uporabi vtičev naj bi bila ohišja raznovrstnih oz. za različne namene predvidenih vtičev med seboj enaka. Po dragi strani naj bi bilo seveda možno prostor v vozlišču (npr. telefonski centrali) kar najbolj racionalno izrabiti z namestitvijo kar največjega števila priključnih letev, vtičev ter ustreznih dovodnih/odvodnih vodnikov. Običajno je dostop do letve sicer možen vsaj z ene strani, vendar pa je za ranžiranje vodnikov, ki poleg vstavljanja vodnikov v omenjene vrzeli obsega še vriskanje vodnikov v predvidena priključna mesta na letvi, potrebno mnogo več prostora in dostop tudi z drugih strani. Zato je v vozliščih, kjer je na prej omenjen način nameščena množica priključnih letev z v sebi vstavljenimi vtiči, v obsegu doslej znanih rešitev sklopov priključne letve in vtiča ranžiranje dovodnih/odvodnih žic na letvi brez poprejšnje odstranitve vtiča iz letve nemogoče. Izvlačenje vtiča ali celo sočasno izvlačenje več vtičev pa pomeni neizogibno tveganje, da bi pri ponovnem vzpostavljanju povezav prišlo do napak, razen tega pa tudi, da bi pri tem ukrepu prišlo še do dodatnih poškodb na izpostavljenih delih vozlišča.In particular e.g. telecommunication hubs, which include conductors that otherwise lead to complex, expensive and extremely sensitive devices, may also require extremely effective overvoltage protection. Based on the known plug-ins and the available electrical and / or electrical solutions. Therefore, it is inevitable that the electronic components in this case are complex and also have a large volume electrical assembly within the plug, which comprises gas arresters and similar electrical components, which, although well prevented by voltage overloads, are relatively large or large. prostominally extensive. However, due to the versatility of using plugs, the housings should be versatile or. for the different purposes of the provided plugs are the same. On the expensive side, it is, of course, possible to use the space in a node (eg telephone exchange) as rationally as possible by installing as many connection strips, plugs and suitable supply / drain conductors as possible. Typically, access to the lath may be possible from at least one side, but shunting of the conductors, which in addition to inserting the conductors into the said gaps, also involves the shrieking of the conductors into the intended connection points on the lath, requires much more space and access from the other side as well. Therefore, in nodes where a plurality of connecting laths with plugs are inserted in the aforementioned manner, it is impossible to scale the supply / drain wires on the lath without prior removal of the lath from the lath. Pulling out the plug, or even pulling out more plugs at the same time, means there is an inescapable risk of failing to re-establish the connections, as well as further damaging the exposed parts of the node.
V praksi se seveda dogaja, da so posegi v električnih vozliščih pri zamenjavah določenih elementov ali preureditvah (npr. zamenjavi v telefonskih centralah) kar pogosti. Zato so tudi naštete in podrobneje obrazložene pomanjkljivosti doslej znanih naprav v zvezi s samo pritrditvijo ohišja priključne letve, pritrditvijo žic na ohišje letve in možnostjo ranžiranja žic brez izvlačenja vtiča povezane z resnimi problemi, katerih eliminacija bi bila v stroki še kako dobrodošla.In practice, of course, interventions in electrical hubs are quite common when replacing certain elements or rearrangements (eg, exchanges in telephone exchanges). Therefore, the shortcomings of the devices known so far in connection with the mere attachment of the terminal strip housing, the attachment of the wires to the frame housing and the possibility of shunting the wires without pulling the plug are also linked to serious problems whose elimination would be even more welcome in the art.
Pri rešitvi sklopa priključne letve in vsakokrat pripadajočega vtiča je po izumu vtič zahvaljujoč njegovi presenetljivo uspeli zasnovi lahko miniaturiziran do te mere, da je na priključni letvi možno ranžirati dovodne oz. odvodne vodnike, ne da bi bilo pred tem potrebno odstraniti vtič. Razen tega je zahvaljujoč spremenjenemu načinu pritrditve letve na oz. med vsakokrat pripadajoči tračnici preprečeno premikanje oz. zvračanje letve med ranžiranjem. Še nadalje so pri letvi izpopolnjene tudi ranžirne objemke, ki pripomorejo k enostavnejšemu in zanesljivejšemu pritrjevanju dovodnih in odvodnih vodnikov na letev, ne da bi bili le-ti pri tem izpostavljeni možnosti poškodb izolacijske ovojnice na mestu pritrditve. Vse navedene prednosti so dosežene s tem, da je na ohišju priključne letve na vsaki od bočnih stranic poleg obstoječega stremena predviden vsaj še po en aretimi vložek in da so na vzdolžnih stranicah ohišja letve nanizane ranžirne objemke zasnovane vsakokrat iz po dveh drugega poleg drugega razporejenih sidrastih nastavkov, razen tega pa je v vsakokrat razpoložljivo priključno gnezdo priključne letve vstavljiv miniaturiziran vtič zasnovan z ohišjem, pri katerem je na obeh delih vsakokrat po ena od vzdolžnih stranic prekinjena, tako daje na ohišju v območju tiskanega vezja, opremljenega z vzdolžnim utorom za pritrditev prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa, na voljo vsakokrat ustrezna odprtina.In the solution of the connection strip assembly and the corresponding plug according to the invention, thanks to its surprisingly successful design, the plug can be miniaturized to such an extent that it is possible to shunt the supply and / or supply lines. drains without first removing the plug. In addition, thanks to the changed method of fixing the lath to or. prevented movement or contact between the respective rails. rolling the lath during shunting. In addition, shroud clamps are further developed in the lath, which help to simplify and secure the attachment of inlet and outlet conductors to the lath without exposing them to the possibility of damage to the insulating envelope at the attachment point. All of these advantages are achieved by the fact that at least one arresting insert is provided on each sidewall in addition to the existing webbing, and that shroud clamps are arranged on each side of the panel housing, each of two anchored apart from each other In addition, a miniaturized plug designed with a housing is intermittently inserted into the connection socket of each terminal strip, in each case one of the longitudinal sides being interrupted, so that the housing is in the area of a printed circuit equipped with a longitudinal groove for attaching an overvoltage protective housing, always suitable opening.
Omenjeni aretimi vložek je izveden iz dveh parov držal, med katerima se nahaja aretimi zapah, pri čemer sta omenjeni držali zasnovani z vsakokrat po dvema zavihanima končnima območjema, ki sta vsak zase oblikosklepno zasidrana in držana v ustreznih odprtinah v ohišju priključne letve, zaradi česar je med njima čvrsto držan tudi aretimi zapah, ki je opremljen z ustreznim zobom, in pri čemer je preko aretimega zapaha in zoba lahko oz. prednostno vodena tudi ozemljitev same priključne letve.Said arresting insert is made of two pairs of holders, between which the arresting latch is located, said holders being designed with two curved end regions each, which are each anchored and held in the corresponding openings in the housing of the connecting lath, which makes between them is also firmly held the arresting latch, which is equipped with a suitable tooth, and through which the latching tooth and the tooth can be or. grounding of the connecting strip itself is also guided.
Vsaka od omenjenih ranžirnih objemk je zasnovana iz dveh na vsakokrat pripadajoči vzdolžni stranici ohišja priključne letve drug poleg drugega nahajajočih se sidrastih nastavkov. Vsak od slednjih pa obsega od ohišja vstran štrleč konzolni del in dva vsaksebi štrleča ter v smeri nazaj proti ohišju obrnjena odseka.Each of the said shunt clamps is made of two anchored nozzles adjacent to each other along the longitudinal side of the connecting strip housing. Each of the latter extends from the housing a projecting cantilevered part and two projections projecting from each side, and a section facing back towards the housing.
Prej omenjeni vtič je opremljen s prenapetostnim zaščitnim sklopom, pri čemer je na tiskanem vezju vtiča predviden vzdolžno potekajoč, prednostno pravokoten utor, v katerega je možno vstaviti prenapetostni sklop in ga zatem na vsakokrat ustrezen način na vsakokrat ustreznih lokacijah prednostno prispajkati na tiskano vezje oz. na vsakokrat razpoložljivo električno prevodno plast omenjenega vezja.The aforementioned plug is provided with an overvoltage protection assembly, wherein a longitudinally running, preferably rectangular groove is provided on the printed circuit board, into which it is possible to insert an overvoltage assembly and thereafter preferably be soldered to the printed circuit or in each suitable location in each appropriate location. to the electrically conductive layer of said circuit at all times available.
Pri eni od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz vsaj enega termično spremenljivega upora in vsaj enega varistoija, nameščenih na ustreznem nosilcu, kot tudi iz dodatnega varistoija, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta.In one embodiment, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of at least one thermally variable resistor and at least one varisto mounted on a suitable carrier, as well as an additional varisto, at least one thermal circuit breaker and at least one ground contact.
Pri še nadaljnji od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz vsaj enega termično spremenljivega upora, pritrjenega neposredno na varistor, kot tudi vsaj enega dodatnega varistoija, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta. Alternativna izvedba predvideva možnost, da sta na omenjenem varistoiju vsak na svoji strani nameščena dva termično spremenljiva upora.In still further embodiments, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of at least one thermally variable resistor attached directly to the varistor, as well as at least one additional varisto, at least one thermal circuit breaker and at least one ground contact. An alternative embodiment provides for the possibility of having two thermally variable resistors mounted on each side of said varisto.
Pri še nadaljnji od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz vsaj enega termično spremenljivega upora in vsaj enega varistoija, nameščenih na nosilcu, kot tudi iz vsaj še enega dodatnega varistoija, vsaj enega plinskega odvodnika, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta.In still further embodiments, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of at least one thermally variable resistor and at least one varistoi mounted on the carrier, as well as at least one additional varistoi, at least one gas arrester, at least one thermal circuit breaker and at least one earthing contact.
Pri še nadaljnji od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz vsaj enega termično spremenljivega upora, pritijenega neposredno na varistor, kot tudi vsaj enega plinskega odvodnika, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta. Alternativna izvedba predvideva možnost, da sta na omenjenem varistoiju vsak na svoji strani nameščena dva termično spremenljiva upora.In still further embodiments, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of at least one thermally variable resistor attached directly to the varistor, as well as at least one gas arrester, at least one thermal circuit breaker and at least one ground contact. An alternative embodiment provides for the possibility of having two thermally variable resistors mounted on each side of said varisto.
Pri še nadaljnji od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz vsaj enega termično spremenljivega upora in vsaj enega varistoija, nameščenih na nosilcu, kot tudi iz vsaj enega dodatnega varistoija, vsaj enega plinskega odvodnika, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta.In still further embodiments, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of at least one thermally variable resistor and at least one varistoi mounted on the support, as well as at least one additional varistoi, at least one gas arrester, at least one thermal circuit breaker and at least one earthing circuit contact.
Pri še nadaljnji od možnih izvedb omenjeni vtič obsega prenapetostni zaščitni sklop, sestoječ iz termično spremenljivega upora, pritrjenega neposredno na varistor, vsaj enega plinskega odvodnika, vsaj enega termičnega odklopnika in vsaj enega ozemljitvenega kontakta. Alternativna izvedba predvideva možnost, da sta na omenjenem varistoiju vsak na svoji strani nameščena dva termično spremenljiva upora.In still further embodiments, said plug comprises an overvoltage protection assembly consisting of a thermally variable resistor attached directly to the varistor, at least one gas arrester, at least one thermal circuit breaker, and at least one ground contact. An alternative embodiment provides for the possibility of having two thermally variable resistors mounted on each side of said varisto.
Pri eni od možnih shem električne vezave vsakokrat razpoložljivih je pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po enega termično spremenljivega upora vzporedno vezan plinski odvodnik.In one possible electrical connection scheme, a gas circuit breaker is connected to each pair of terminally coupled couplings and a thermally variable resistor in each case.
Pri nadaljnji shemi vezave so pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po ene varovalke vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik in po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistoija.In the further scheme of connection, at the plug between the sequentially coupled pairs, one thermal breaker and one fuse each are connected in parallel to one side by a gas arrester and, on the other, by two sequentially connected varistions.
Pri še nadaljnji shemi vezave sta pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po ene dušilke vzporedno vezana po eni strani plinski odvodnik in po drugi strani sidaktor, obsegajoč tri med seboj povezane diode. Pri alternativni shemi sta namesto dušilk lahko uporabljena tudi ohmska upora.In a further circuit, the plugs between a pair of sequentially coupled pairs each have one thermal circuit breaker and one throttle in each case, a gas arrester and a sidator comprising three interconnected diodes on the other. In the alternative scheme, ohmic resistors may be used instead of the chokes.
Pri še nadaljnji shemi vezave so pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po enega termično spremenljivega upora vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik in po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistorja.In a further circuit, in the case of a plug between a series of coupled pairs, one thermal breaker and one thermally variable resistor are each connected in parallel to a gas arrester and two varistors connected to each other in series.
Pri še nadaljnji shemi vezave so pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po enega termično spremenljivega upora vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik, po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistorja, razen tega pa še en dodatni varistor.In a further circuit, the gas arrester is connected in parallel to each other by a series of coupled pairs and, in each case, by a thermally variable resistor, to each other by a gas arrestor, on the other by two sequentially connected varistors, with the exception of one additional varistor.
Pri še nadaljnji shemi vezave so pri vtiču med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika in vsakokrat po enega ohmskega upora vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik, po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistorja, razen tega pa še mostično vezan sklop diod.In a further coupling scheme, a gas arrester is connected in parallel to each other in series between the coupled pairs and the ohmic resistor, and the two varistors are connected in series and the diode bridge is connected in series.
Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen s primeri izvedbe, prikazanimi na priloženi skici, pri čemer kažejo sl. 1 priključno letev sklopa po izumu, v perspektivi.The invention will now be explained in further detail by the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing, with FIGS. 1 is a perspective view of an assembly of the assembly according to the invention.
sl. 2 vtič sklopa po izumu, prav tako v perspektivi, sl. 3 sklop priključne letve z vstavljenim vtičem v prečnem prerezu, sl. 4 podrobnost A po sl. 1, sl. 5 aretimi vložek priključne letve sklopa po izumu, v narisu, sl. 6 aretimi vložek po sl. 5, vendar v pogledu od strani, sl. 7 enega od obeh delov ohišja vtiča po sl. 2, v perspektivi, sl. 8 drugega od obeh delov ohišja vtiča po sl. 2, v perspektivi, sl. 9 primer izvedbe tiskanega vezja vtiča po sl. 2, v tlorisu, sl. 10 vezje po sl. 9 v pogledu iz nasprotne smeri, torej od spodaj, sl. 11 vezje po sl. 9 in 10 v narisu, sl. 12 nadaljnji primer izvedbe tiskanega vezja vtiča po sl. 2, v tlorisu, sl. 13 vezje po sl. 12 v pogledu iz nasprotne smeri, torej od spodaj, sl. 14 vezje po sl. 12 in 13 v narisu, sl. 15 nadaljnji primer izvedbe tiskanega vezja vtiča po sl. 2, v tlorisu, sl. 16 vezje po sl. 15 v pogledu iz nasprotne smeri, torej od spodaj, sl. 17 vezje po sl. 15 in 16 v narisu, sl. 18 primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 19 nadaljnji primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 20 nadaljnji primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 21 nadaljnji primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 22 nadaljnji primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 23 nadaljnji primer izvedbe vtiča po izumu z odstranjenim ohišjem, v narisu, sl. 24 ozemljitveni kontakt vtiča po sl. 2, v perspektivi, sl. 25 termični odklopnik vtiča po sl. 2, v pogledu od strani, sl. 26 primer izvedbe prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, v narisu, sl. 27 sklop po sl. 26 v pogledu od strani, sl. 28 sklop po sl. 26, spet v pogledu od strani, vendar iz nasprotne smeri, sl. 29 prednostno vezalno shemo sklopa po sl. 26 - 28, sl. 30 alternativno vezalno shemo sklopa po sl. 26 - 28, sl. 31 nadaljnji primer izvedbe zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, v narisu, sl. 32 sklop po sl. 31 v pogledu od strani, sl. 33 prednostno vezalno shemo sklopa po sl. 31 in 32, sl. 34 eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 35 Še eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 36 še eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 37 še eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 38 še eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 39 še eno od nadaljnjih možnih vezalnih shem prenapetostnega zaščitnega sklopa vtiča po sl. 2, sl. 40 zasnovo prenapetostne zaščite pri miniaturiziranem vtiču po izumu pri eni od možnih izvedb, v prečnem prerezu, sl. 41 vezalno shemo rešitve po sl. 40, sl. 42 zasnovo izjemno kakovostne prenapetostne zaščite pri miniaturiziranem vtiču po izumu pri eni od možnih izvedb, v prečnem prerezu, in sl. 43 vezalno shemo rešitve po sl. 42.FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembly according to the invention; 3 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly strip with a plug inserted; FIG. 4 is the detail A of FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an assembly of the connection strip of the assembly according to the invention; 6 shows the insert according to FIG. 5, but in the side view, FIG. 7 shows one of the two parts of the plug housing according to FIG. 2, in perspective, FIG. 8 shows the second of the two parts of the plug housing according to FIG. 2, in perspective, FIG. 9 is an exemplary embodiment of a printed circuit board of FIG. 2, in the plan, FIG. 10 is a circuit of FIG. 9 in a view from the opposite direction, i.e. from the bottom, FIG. 11 is a circuit of FIG. 9 and 10 in FIG. 12 is a further exemplary embodiment of a printed circuit board of FIG. 2, in the plan, FIG. 13 is a circuit of FIG. 12 in a view from the opposite direction, i.e. from below, FIG. 14 is a circuit of FIG. 12 and 13 in FIG. 15 is a further embodiment of a printed circuit board of the plug of FIG. 2, in the plan, FIG. 16 is a circuit of FIG. 15 in a view from the opposite direction, i.e. from below, FIG. 17 The circuit of FIG. 15 and 16 in FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of a plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in the outline, FIG. 19 is a further embodiment of the plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in the drawing, FIG. 20 is a further embodiment of the plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in the drawing, FIG. 21 is a further embodiment of the plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in FIG. 22 is a further embodiment of the plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in the drawing, FIG. 23 is a further embodiment of the plug according to the invention with the housing removed, in the drawing, FIG. 24 is an earthing contact of the plug of FIG. 2, in perspective, FIG. 25 is a thermal switch of the plug according to FIG. 2, in side view, FIG. 26 is an example embodiment of a surge protector assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, in the drawing, FIG. 27 is an assembly according to FIG. 26 is a side view, FIG. 28 is an assembly according to FIG. 26, again in a side view but in the opposite direction, FIG. 29 is a preferred circuit diagram of the assembly of FIG. 26-28, FIG. 30 is an alternative circuit diagram of the assembly of FIG. 26-28, FIG. 31 is a further embodiment of the plug assembly according to FIG. 2, in the drawing, FIG. 32 is an assembly according to FIG. 31 in side view, FIG. 33 is a preferred circuit diagram of the assembly of FIG. 31 and 32, FIG. 34 shows one of the further possible wiring diagrams of the surge protector assembly of the plug according to FIG. 2, FIG. 35 Another of the further possible wiring diagrams of the surge protector assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, FIG. 36 is another of the further possible wiring diagrams of the surge protector assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, FIG. 37 is another of the further possible wiring diagrams of the surge protector assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, FIG. 38 is another of the further possible wiring diagrams of the surge protector assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, FIG. 39 is another of the further possible wiring diagrams of the overvoltage protection assembly of the plug of FIG. 2, FIG. 40 shows a design of a surge protector for a miniaturized plug according to the invention in one of the possible embodiments, in cross-section, FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of the solution of FIG. 40, FIG. 42 is a design of an extremely high quality surge protector for a miniaturized plug according to the invention in one of the possible designs, in cross section, and FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of the solution of FIG. 42.
Sklop priključne letve in prenapetostnega zaščitnega vtiča pri električnih in telekomunikacijskih vozliščih v spslošnem obsega priključno letev 1, prikazano na skl. 1 in podrobneje na sl. 4, in vtič 2, kije prikazan na sl. 2 in za potrebe nadaljnje obravnave v tej prijavi prednostno izveden kot električni prenapetostni vtič. Sklop kot tak, obsegajoč torej omenjeno letev 1 in omenjeni vtič 2, je v sestavljenem stanju prikazan na sl. 3.The assembly of the connection strip and the overvoltage protection plug at the electrical and telecommunication nodes generally comprises the connection strip 1 shown in FIG. 1 and more in FIG. 4, and the plug 2 shown in FIG. 2 and preferably for the purposes of further consideration in this application, be implemented as an electrical surge plug. The assembly as such, comprising thus said lath 1 and said plug 2, is shown in the assembled state in FIG. 3.
Letev 1 obsega ohišje 10, na katerem je na voljo niz vzdolž letve 1 ekvidistančno razporejenih priključnih gnezd 11. Vsako od slednjih je predvideno za prejem po enega vtiča 1.The lath 1 comprises a housing 10 on which a string along the lath 1 is provided with equidistantly arranged connecting sockets 11. Each of the latter is intended to receive one plug 1.
Vtič 2 v splošnem prav tako obsega ohišje 20, iz katerega štrli vsakokrat ustrezen kontaktni nastavek, namreč tiskano vezje 21, ki je prirejeno za namestitev v vsakokrat ustrezno priključno gnezdo 11 priključne letve 1.Plug 2 generally also comprises a housing 20 from which a corresponding contact nozzle protrudes, namely a printed circuit 21 adapted to fit into each respective connecting socket 11 of the connecting strip 1.
Vsakokratno priključno gnezdo 11 obsega ustrezne električne kontakte, v danem primeru na notranjih površinah 1Γ, 11 oprta osrednja kontakta 13', 13 in na spodnjem koncu 14 ohišja 10 razporejena ozemljitvena kontakta 15', 15. V tem primeru sta v priključnem gnezdu razporejena tudi drug drugemu nasproti nahajajoča se klinasta nastavka 16', 16.The terminal socket 11 in each case comprises the corresponding electrical contacts, optionally on the inner surfaces 1Γ, 11, the central contacts 13 ', 13 and the earthing contacts 15', 15, 15 at the lower end 14 of the housing 10. In this case, another is arranged in the terminal socket. to the other opposite the wedge stud 16 ', 16.
Ureditev in razporeditev omenjenih kontaktov 13', 13 in 15', 15 ustrezata ureditvi in razporeditvi električno prevodnih plasti 210 na tiskanem vezju 21 vtiča 2. V splošnem je možnih več kombinacij omenjenih kontaktov 13’, 13 in 15', 15 in ureditev električno prevodnih plasti 210 na tiskanem vezju 21 vtiča 2, pri čemer so nekatere najbolj prednostne ureditve plasti 210 prikazane na sl. 9 -16.The arrangement and arrangement of said contacts 13 ', 13 and 15', 15 correspond to the arrangement and arrangement of electrically conductive layers 210 on the printed circuit board 21 of plug 2. In general, several combinations of said contacts 13 ', 13 and 15', 15 and arrangement of electrically conductive are possible layers 210 on the printed circuit 21 of plug 2, some of the most preferred arrangements of layers 210 being shown in FIG. 9 -16.
Za potrebe tega izuma je pomembno zgolj to, da kontakti 13', 13 in 15', 15 in plasti 201 na tiskanem vezju 20 vtiča omogočajo vzpostavitev električnega tokokroga od (neprikazanih) dovodnih vodnikov preko priključne letve 2 in v njej oz. pripadajočem priključnem gnezdu 11 nameščenega vtiča 1 do (neprikaranih) odvodnih vodnikov.For the purposes of the present invention, it is only important that the contacts 13 ', 13 and 15', 15 and the layers 201 on the printed circuit board 20 of the plug allow the electrical circuit to be formed from the (not shown) supply leads through the connection strip 2 and therein or. the associated plug socket 11 of plug 1 to (undamaged) drain conductors.
Vsakokratni, kot rečeno na skici neprikazani, odvodni in dovodni vodniki so na ohišje 10 priključne letve 1 pritijeni s pomočjo ranžirnih objemk 12 in nato speljani do pripadajočih priključnih mest 11 na ohišju 10. Na vsakem od omenjenih priključnih mest 11 je namreč potrebno vzpostaviti električno prevoden stik med vsakokratnim vodnikom oz. natančneje med njegovim električno prevodnim jedrom z odstranjeno izolacijsko ovojnico in med vsakokrat ustreznim kontaktom, npr. 13', 13 v priključnem gnezdu 11 priključne letve 1. Ta električno prevoden stik vzpostavimo z vriskanjem omenjenega električno prevodnega jedra v ustrezno odprtino priključnega mesta 107, kar je skupaj z omenjeno pritrditvijo vodnikov na ohišje 10 v stroki znano pod izrazom ranžiranje.In each case, as not shown in the drawing, the outlet and inlet conductors are attached to the housing 10 of the terminal strip 1 by means of shunt clamps 12 and then routed to the corresponding terminal points 11 on the housing 10. Namely, electrically conductive conductors must be installed at each of said terminal points 11. contact between the respective conductor or. more specifically, between its electrically conductive core with the insulating envelope removed and during the corresponding contact, e.g. 13 ', 13 in connection slot 11 of terminal strip 1. This electrically conductive contact is made by screaming said electrically conductive core into a corresponding opening of terminal place 107, which together with said attachment of conductors to the housing 10 in the art is known as shunting.
S ciljem, da bi omogočili enostavno in zanesljivo pritrditev dovodnih in odvodnih vodnikov na ohišje 10 priključne letve 1 spet zgolj z vriskanjem in hkrati preprečili nezaželene poškodbe izolacijske ovojnice vsakokratnega vodnika v območju vsakokratne ranžirne objemke 12, je vsaka ranžirna objemka 12 izvedena iz po dveh na ohišju 10 drugega ob drugem razporejenih nastavkov 121, 122. Ker je na vsaki od vzdolžnih stranic 103, 104 ohišja 10 letve 1 predvidenih toliko objemk 12, kolikor je na letvi 1 predvidenih priključnih gnezd 11, je na vsaki strani ohišja 10 letve 1 v njegovi vzdolžni smeri na voljo cel niz ekvidistančno razporejenih nastavkov 121, 122, od katerih vsakokrat po dva sosednja nastavka 121, 121 tvorita po eno priključno objemko 12. Pri tem je vsak od nastavkov 121, 122 takorekoč sidrasto zasnovan in obsega od ohišja 10 vstran štrleč konzolni del 1210 in dva vsaksebi štrleča ter v smeri nazaj proti ohišju 10 obrnjena odseka 1211 in 1212. Tudi v tem primeru so nastavki 121, 122 lahko izdelani iz enakega gradiva kot samo ohišje 10 in brez vsakršnih dodatnih korakov vsekakor tudi istočasno z ohišjem 10. Razen tega so nastavki 121, 122 lahko razmeroma gibki. Taka rešitev nastavkov 121, 122 in s tem ranžirnih objemk 12 zahvaljujoč omenjeni sidrasti zasnovi dovoljuje razmeroma neoviran vstop vodnika v smeri proti ohišju 10, medtem ko je izvlačenje vodnika v smeri vstran od ohišja 10 takorekoč onemogočeno.In order to allow the inlet and outlet conductors to be easily and reliably secured to the housing 10 of the terminal strip 1 again only by screaming and at the same time to avoid undesirable damage to the insulating envelope of the respective conductor in the area of the respective shunt clamp 12, each shunt clamp 12 is made of two per to the housing 10 adjacent to each other, nozzles 121, 122. As there are as many clamps 12 on each of the longitudinal sides 103, 104 of the housing 10 of lath 1 as there are provided connection sockets 11 on lath 1, there are 10 on each side of housing 10 along the longitudinal direction there are a whole set of equipotentially spaced nozzles 121, 122, each of which have two adjacent nozzles 121, 121 each forming one connection clamp 12. Each of these nozzles 121, 122 is also substantially anchored and extends from the housing 10 side projecting cantilevers part 1210 and two projections projecting in each direction, and sections 1211 and 1212 facing back to housing 10, also in this direction. in this case, the nozzles 121, 122 can be made of the same material as the housing 10 itself, and without any additional steps, at the same time as the housing 10. Moreover, the nozzles 121, 122 can be relatively flexible. Such a solution of the mountings 121, 122, and thus the shunt clamps 12, thanks to said anchor design, permits relatively unobstructed entry of the conductor towards the housing 10, while the withdrawal of the conductor away from the housing 10 is virtually impossible.
Za pritrditev ohišja 10 priključne letve 1 na vsakokrat razpoložljivo (neprikazano) tračnico je sicer vsaka od bočnih stranic 101, 102 ohišja 1 opremljena s po enim stremenom 17, ki je izvedeno iz dveh krakov 171, 172, ki sta drug proti drugemu ukrivljena nekako v obliki črke C. Zgolj streme 17 pa - kot je bilo uvodoma že razloženo - ne omogoča dovolj čvrste pritrditve priključne letve 1, tako da npr. med ranžiranjem ni možno izključiti možnosti premikanja ali celo zvračanja ohišjaIn order to secure the housing 10 of the connecting lath 1 to the available (not shown) rail, each of the lateral sides 101, 102 of the housing 1 is provided with one stirrup 17, which is made of two arms 171, 172, which are curved in relation to each other. C. The mere stirrup 17, however, as explained above, does not sufficiently secure the attachment strip 1, so that e.g. during shunting it is not possible to exclude the possibility of moving or even rotating the housing
10. Ta pomanjkljivost je odpravljena s tem, da je v območju vsake od bočnih stranic 101, 102 nameščen po en aretimi vložek 18, ki je v vgrajenem stanju, vidnem na sl. 1 in 4, posebej pa je prikazan tudi na sl. 5 in 6.10. This disadvantage is eliminated by the fact that in the area of each of the sides 101, 102 there is one arrester 18, which is in the built-in condition visible in FIG. 1 and 4, and is also shown in FIG. 5 and 6.
Aretimi vložek 18 je izveden iz dveh parov držal 181, 182, med katerima se nahaja aretimi zapah 180. Nadalje velja poudariti, da je aretimi vložek 18 izveden iz ustrezno elastičnega gradiva. Držali 181,182 sta zasnovani s po dvema zavihanima končnima območjema, ki sta vsak zase zasidrana v ustreznih odprtinah 105, 106 v ohišju 10 letve 1 in tam zahvaljujoč svoji obliki in elastičnosti torej oblikosklepno varovana proti nehotenemu izvlečenju. Na ta način je v svojem na sl. 1 in 4 prikazanem položaju čvrsto držan tudi aretimi zapah 180, ki je opremljen z ustreznim zobom 1800. Prav zahvaljujoč slednjemu pri namestitvi ohišja 10 priključne letve 1 dosežemo dodatno aretiranje aretimih vložkov 18 na obeh straneh ohišja 10 v vsakokrat razpoložljivi (neprikazani) tračnici oz. drugi ustrezni letvi oz. druga ustrezna nosilca, predvidene/a za pritrditev priključne letve 1. Razen tega velja poudariti, da je preko aretimega zapaha 180 in zoba 1800 prednostno speljana tudi ozemljitev.The arresting insert 18 is made of two pairs of holders 181, 182, between which the arresting latch 180 is located. It should further be noted that the arresting insert 18 is made of appropriately elastic material. Holders 181,182 are designed with two curved end areas, each individually anchored in the corresponding openings 105, 106 in the housing 10 of lath 1, and there thanks to their shape and elasticity thus formally secured against inadvertent extraction. In this way, in FIG. 1 and 4 the position shown is also firmly held by the arresting latch 180, which is provided with a corresponding tooth 1800. Thanks to the latter, when attaching the housing 10 of the connecting lath 1, additional arresting of the arresting inserts 18 on both sides of the housing 10 is achieved in the available (not shown) rail or. other suitable laths, respectively. other suitable mountings provided for attaching the connecting strip 1. In addition, it is important to emphasize that grounding is preferred through the locking latch 180 and the tooth 1800.
Kot je razvidno na sl. 2, vtič 2 v osnovi obsega ohišje 20 in tiskano vezje 21 z ustrezno urejenimi in razporejenimi električno-prevodnimi plastmi 201. Ohišje 10 je v danem primeru dvodelno, pri čemer sta oba dela 20', 20 posebej prikazana na sl. 7 in 8. Oba dela 20', 20 sta v danem primeru sestavljiva s pomočjo čepov 22, ki jih obsega eden od delov 20', 20, in lukenj 23, ki so na voljo na drugem delu 20', 20. Razen tega je na obeh delih 20', 20 ohišja 20 vtiča 2 vsakokrat po ena od vzdolžnih stranic 24', 25' oz. 24, 25, v danem primeru vsakokrat stranica 25', 25, prekinjena, tako da je na ohišju 20 v območju tiskanega vezja 21 na voljo odprtina 26.As can be seen in FIG. 2, plug 2 basically comprises a housing 20 and a printed circuit 21 with suitably arranged and arranged electrically conductive layers 201. The housing 10 is optionally two-part, both parts 20 ', 20 being shown separately in FIG. 7 and 8. Both parts 20 ', 20 are optionally assembled by means of plugs 22 comprised of one of the parts 20', 20, and holes 23 available on the other part 20 ', 20. In addition, on each part 20 ', 20 of the housing 20 of the plug 2, each of the longitudinal sides 24', 25 'respectively. 24, 25, in each case, each side 25 ', 25 is interrupted so that an opening 26 is provided on the housing 20 in the circuit of the printed circuit 21.
Ko je vtič 2 vstavljen v pripadajočem priključnem gnezdu 11 priključne letve 1, je vzpostavljen električni tokokrog, ki poteka preko vtiča 2 in torej tudi preko prenapetostnega sklopa 3, kije nameščen na vtiču 2 oz. v njegovem ohišju 20 in na ustrezen način električno povezan z vsakokrat ustreznim tiskanim vezjem 20 oz. prevodnimi plastmi 201 na njem. Prav ta prenapetostni sklop 3 oz. njegova konfiguracija oz. ureditev namreč določa delovanje celotnega sklopa priključne letve 1 in vtiča 2.When the plug 2 is inserted into the corresponding socket 11 of the terminal strip 1, an electrical circuit is established, which runs through the plug 2 and therefore also through the overvoltage assembly 3, which is mounted on the plug 2 or. in its housing 20 and electrically connected to the corresponding circuit board 20 or. conductive layers 201 on it. It is this overvoltage circuit 3 or. its configuration or. the arrangement determines the operation of the entire assembly of the connecting strip 1 and the plug 2.
Prenapetostni sklop 3 je po izumu hibridno zasnovan in sicer prednostno obsega vsaj en varistor 31, vsekakor pa tudi vsaj en temperaturno spremenljiv upor 32, po potrebi oz. v določenih primerih pa tudi zaporedno vezano dušilko 33. Pri tem so glede na želene in pričakovane električne karakteristike vsakokratnega sklopa 3 možne različne sheme električnih vezav enega ali več varistoijev 31 ter enega ali več uporov 32, ki so prikazane na sl. 29 in 30 ter na sl. 33 do 39.The overvoltage circuit 3 according to the invention is a hybrid design, preferably comprising at least one varistor 31, and in any case at least one temperature variable resistor 32, if necessary or. in certain cases also a sequentially coupled damper 33. In this respect, depending on the desired and expected electrical characteristics of the respective assembly 3, different electrical circuits of one or more varistos 31 and one or more resistors 32 shown in FIG. 29 and 30 and FIG. 33 to 39.
Varistor 31 je strokovnjakom znana elektrotehnična komponenta. Za potrebe te prijave poudarjamo, da je prednostno, če je kot varistor 31 izbran metaloksidni varistor (ki je zato na shemah označen tudi z okrajšavo MOV). Razen tega velja, da je upor 32 takoimenovan pozitivno temperaturno spremenljiv upor (na shemah označen s kratico PTC), s progresivno karakteristiko oz. z upornostjo, ki je premosorazmema s temperaturo in katere gradient naraščanja je vsaj enak gradientu naraščanja temperature. V danem primeru je bil izbran tak upor 32, ki je deloval/prevajal električni tok pri 90 mA vsiljenega toka, pri 60 mA pa npr. ne.Varistor 31 is a well-known electrical component to those skilled in the art. For the purposes of this application, it is emphasized that it is preferred that a metal oxide varistor is selected as varistor 31 (which is therefore also referred to as MOV abbreviation on the schemes). In addition, the resistor 32 is said to be a so-called positive temperature-varying resistor (marked with the abbreviation PTC in the circuits), with a progressive characteristic or. with a resistivity that is rescaled by temperature and whose gradient of rise is at least equal to the gradient of temperature rise. In the given case, such a resistor 32 was selected to operate / conduct current at 90 mA of forced current, and at 60 mA e.g. no.
Pri eni od možnih izvedb prenapetostnega sklopa 3 vtiča 2 so varistoiji 31 in upori 32 nameščeni na nosilcu 34 (sl. 26 do 28). V danem primeru sta na nosilcu 34 na vsaki strani nameščena po en upor 32' in varistor 3 Γ, na drugi strani pa prav tako po en upor 32 in varistor 31, pri čemer sta varistoija 3Γ, 31 z uporoma 32', 32 povezana na način, ki je prikazan na sl. 29. Na sl. 30 je prikazan eden od nadaljnjih možnih načinov vezave, kjer sta k uporoma 32', 32 po eni strani vzporedno vezana dva varistorja 3Γ, 31, po drugi strani pa vzporedno še en nadaljni varistor 3 Γ.In one possible embodiment of the overvoltage assembly 3 of the plug 2, the varistos 31 and the resistors 32 are mounted on the support 34 (Figures 26 to 28). In the present case, one resistor 32 'and a varistor 3 Γ are mounted on the support 34 on each side, as well as one resistor 32 and a varistor 31 on the other side, the varistoi 3Γ, 31 with resistors 32', 32 connected to each other. the method shown in FIG. 29. In FIG. 30 shows one of the further possible bonding methods, wherein two 3Γ, 31 varistors are connected in parallel to the resistors 32 ', 32, and on the other side another 3 var varistor in parallel.
Pri nadaljnji možni izvedbi prenapetostnega sklopa 3, ki je prikazana na sl. 31 in 32 ter shematično na sl. 33, sta dva upora 32', 32 nameščena neposredno na med njima nahajajoč se varistor 31, v danem primeru metaloksidni varistor (MOV). Omenjeni varistor 31' je z uporoma 32', 32 spet vzporedno vezan.In a further possible embodiment of the overvoltage circuit 3 shown in FIG. 31 and 32, and schematically in FIG. 33, two resistors 32 ', 32 are mounted directly on a varistor 31 between them, optionally a metal oxide varistor (MOV). Said varistor 31 'is again connected in parallel with resistors 32', 32.
Pri prenapetostnem sklopu 3 (sl. 40 in 41) je možno doseči zelo ugodne učinke v smislu skrajšanja reakcijskega časa, če je v ohišju 20 vtiča 2 k uporu 32 zaporedno vezana (npr. prispajkana) dušilka 33, in sicer z namenom, da bi toploto, generirano na dušilki 33, dovedli v neposredni bližini nameščenemu uporu 32 in s tem vplivali na karakteristiko prevodnosti/upomosti oz. na prevodnost oz. upornost temperaturno spremenljivega upora 32.For the overvoltage circuit 3 (Figs. 40 and 41), very favorable effects can be achieved in terms of shortening the reaction time if the housing 20 of the plug 2 to the resistor 32 is connected in series (eg soldered) throttle 33, in order to the heat generated on the throttle 33 was brought in close proximity to the resistor 32 installed, thereby affecting the conductivity / resistivity characteristic. to conductivity or. resistance of a temperature variable resistor 32.
Ta fenomen je možno še stopnjevati, če med dva upora 32’, 32 namestimo dve dušilki 33', 33. Toplota intenzivneje prehaja na zgoraj nahajajoč se upor 32, ki se torej zaradi intenzivne izpostavljenosti toploti zelo hitro odzove na vsakršne spremembe.This phenomenon can be exacerbated by installing two chokes 33 ', 32 between the two resistors 32', 32. The heat intensifies more closely to the resistor 32 located above, which therefore responds quickly to any changes due to intense heat exposure.
Vtič 2 poleg omenjenega prenapetostnega sklopa 3 lahko obsega tudi druge vsakokrat potrebne elemente, kijih narekuje namen uporabe. Tako je npr. pri vtiču 2 lahko predviden vsaj en termični odklopnik 4 (sl. 18 do 23 ter 25) in/ali vsaj en vsakokrat primeren ozemljitveni kontakt 5 (sl. 18 do 23 ter 24).Plug 2 in addition to said overvoltage assembly 3 may also comprise other necessary elements dictating the intended use. Thus, e.g. for plug 2, at least one thermal circuit breaker 4 (Figs. 18 to 23 and 25) and / or at least one suitable grounding contact 5 (Figs. 18 to 23 and 24) may be provided.
Za vgradnjo ozemljitvenega kontakta 5 so lahko pri določenih izvedbah vtiča 2 v ohišju 20 bodisi v enem ali obeh delih 20', 20 predvidena ustrezna ležišča 28', 28. Primer izvedbe ozemljitvenega kontakta 5 je prikazan na sl. 24. Ozemljitveni kontakt 5 je npr. lahko izveden iz v bistvu kot črka U prekrivljenega elastičnega traku, npr. iz novega srebra, in opremljen z izsekanima zavihkoma 51, 52, v bistvu polkrožnim pozicionimim vratom 53 in prav tako v bistvu polkrožno zavihanim kontaktnim koncem 54.For the installation of earthing contact 5, in certain embodiments of the plug 2 in the housing 20, either one or both parts 20 ', 20 may be provided with corresponding beds 28', 28. An example of the implementation of earthing contact 5 is shown in FIG. 24. Ground contact 5 is e.g. may be derived essentially from the letter U of the overlapped elastic band, e.g. made of new silver, and provided with punched tabs 51, 52, a substantially semicircular position door 53 and a substantially semicircularly curved contact end 54.
Termični odklopnik 4 (sl. 25) je v danem primeru izveden iz polkrožno upognjenega traku 41 (sestoječega npr. npr. iz berilijevega brona) ter opremljen z ravnima, vsaksebi štrlečima koncema 42, 43.The thermal circuit breaker 4 (Fig. 25) is optionally made of semi-circularly bent band 41 (consisting eg of beryllium bronze) and is provided with straight, projecting ends 42, 43.
Na sl. 18 do 23 je prikazanih več možnih izvedb prenapetostnega vtiča 2. Pri tem velja poudariti, daje na tiskanem vezju 21 vtiča 2 predviden vzdolžno potekajoč utor 29 (sl. 9 in 10, sl. 12 in 13 ter sl. 15 in 16), v katerega je možno vstaviti prenapetostni sklop 3 in ga zatem na vsakokrat ustrezen način na vsakokrat ustreznih lokacijah prispajkati na vezje 21 oz. električno prevodno plast 210.In FIG. 18 to 23, several possible embodiments of the surge plug 2 are shown. It should be noted here that a longitudinal groove 29 is provided on the printed circuit board 21 of the plug 2 (Figs. 9 and 10, Figs. 12 and 13 and Figs. 15 and 16), in which can be inserted overvoltage circuit 3 and then soldered to the circuit 21 or respectively in the appropriate locations at each appropriate location. electrical conductive layer 210.
Na sl. 18 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritrjen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32 in varistoijev 31, nameščenih na nosilcu 34, razen tega pa sta poleg dodatnega varistoija 3Γ na voljo tudi termični odklopnik 4 in ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 18 shows a plug 2 in which a surge assembly 3 consisting of resistors 32 and varistos 31 mounted on a carrier 34 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the groove 29, in addition to a thermal circuit breaker 4 and a grounding device in addition to the varisto 3Γ. contact 5.
Na sl. 19 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritijen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32, pritrjenih neposredno na varistor 31, razen tega pa sta poleg dodatnega varistoija 3Γ tudi v tem primeru na voljo termični odklopnik 4 in nekoliko drugače izveden ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 19 shows a plug 2 in which an overvoltage circuit 3 consisting of resistors 32 attached directly to the varistor 31 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the slot 29, in addition to which a thermal circuit breaker 4 and slightly different earth contact 5.
Na sl. 20 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritrjen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32 in varistoijev 31, nameščenih na nosilcu 34, razen tega pa sta poleg dodatnega varistoija 3Γ in plinskega odvodnika 36 na voljo tudi dvojni termični odklopnik 4 in ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 20 shows a plug 2 in which an overvoltage circuit 3 consisting of resistors 32 and varistos 31 mounted on a carrier 34 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the slot 29, and in addition to the double varistor 3Γ and the gas arrester 36, dual thermal circuit breaker 4 and earthing contact 5.
Na sl. 21 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritrjen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32, pritrjenih neposredno na varistor 31, razen tega pa sta poleg plinskega odvodnika 36 tudi v tem primeru na voljo termični odklopnik 4 in nekoliko drugače izveden ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 21 shows a plug 2 in which an overvoltage circuit 3 consisting of resistors 32 attached directly to the varistor 31 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the slot 29, in addition to which a thermal circuit breaker 4 is also available in this case 4 and slightly different earth contact 5.
Na sl. 22 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritijen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32 in varistoijev 31, nameščenih na nosilcu 34, razen tega pa sta poleg dodatnega varistoija 3Γ in plinskega odvodnika 36 na voljo tudi dvojni termični odklopnik 4 in ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 22 shows a plug 2 in which an overvoltage circuit 3 consisting of resistors 32 and varistos 31 mounted on the carrier 34 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the slot 29, and in addition to the double varistor 3Γ and the gas arrester 36, dual thermal circuit breaker 4 and earthing contact 5.
Na sl. 23 je prikazan vtič 2, pri katerem je na tiskanem vezju 21 v utoru 29 pritijen prenapetostni sklop 3, sestoječ iz uporov 32, pritrjenih neposredno na varistor 31, razen tega pa sta poleg plinskega odvodnika 36' tudi v tem primeru na voljo dvojni termični odklopnik 4 in nekoliko drugače izveden ozemljitveni kontakt 5.In FIG. 23 shows a plug 2 in which an overvoltage circuit 3 consisting of resistors 32 attached directly to the varistor 31 is attached to the printed circuit 21 in the slot 29, except that a double thermal circuit breaker is also available in this case in addition to the gas arrester 36 '. 4 and a slightly different grounding contact 5.
Nekateri od možnih načinov vezav vsakokrat potrebnih oz. razpoložljivih električnih komponent zgoraj obravnavanih konfiguracij vtiča 2 so shematično prikazani na sl. 34 do 39.Some of the possible ways of bonding each time needed or. the available electrical components of the above configuration of plug 2 are shown schematically in FIG. 34 to 39.
Na sl. 34 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem je med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4 in vsakokrat po enega upora 32' oz. 32 vzporedno vezan plinski odvodnik 36.In FIG. 34 shows a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which one thermal breaker 4 ' each is connected in series between each pair. 4 and one resistor 32 'each. 32 parallel gas arrester.
Na sl. 35 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem so med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4 in vsakokrat po ene varovalke 37' oz. 37 vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik 36 in po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistoija 31' in 31. Tak način je npr. lahko prednosten v primeru, kadar s pomočjo varovalk 37', želimo doseči ireverzibilno zaščito, pri kateri brez zamenjave varovalk 37, 37 ni možno vzpostaviti prejšnjega stanja.In FIG. 35 illustrates a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which one thermal breaker 4 'or one circuit breaker is each connected in series. 4 and one fuse 37 'each. 37 in parallel coupled gas arrester 36 on one side and two varistically connected varistos 31 'and 31 on the other hand. may be preferred in the case where, by means of fuses 37 ', we wish to achieve irreversible protection, where without replacement of fuses 37, 37 it is not possible to restore the previous state.
Na sl. 36 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem sta med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4” in vsakokrat po ene dušilke 33' oz. 33 vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik 36 in po drugi strani sidaktor 38, obsegajoč tri med seboj ustrezno povezane diode 381, 382, 383.In FIG. 36 illustrates a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which two thermal circuit breakers 4 'and 2 each are respectively connected in series. 4 ”and 33 'respectively. 33 connected in parallel to one side by a gas arrester 36 and, on the other, by a sidator 38 comprising three interconnected diodes 381, 382, 383.
Na sl. 37 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem so med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4 in vsakokrat po enega upora 32' oz. 32 vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik 36 in po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistoija 3 Γ, 31.In FIG. 37 illustrates a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which one thermal breaker 4 'or one circuit breaker is each connected in series. 4 and one resistor 32 'each. 32 gas arrester 36 connected in parallel on one side and two varistoid 3 Γ, 31 connected on the other hand.
Na sl. 38 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem so med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4 in vsakokrat po enega upora 32' oz. 32 vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik 36, po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistoija 3Γ, 31, razen tega pa še en dodatni varistor 3 Γ.In FIG. 38 illustrates a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which one thermal breaker 4 'or one circuit breaker is each connected in series. 4 and one resistor 32 'each. 32, gas arrester 36 connected in parallel, on the other hand two varistically connected varistos 3Γ, 31, and another additional varistor 3 Γ.
Na sl. 39 je prikazan način vezave komponent vtiča 2, pri katerem so med zaporedno vezanima paroma vsakokrat po enega termičnega odklopnika 4' oz. 4 in vsakokrat po enega ohmskega upora 320' oz. 320 vzporedno vezani po eni strani plinski odvodnik 36, po drugi strani dva med seboj zaporedno vezana varistorja 3Γ, 31, razen tega pa Še mostično vezan sklop 39 diod 391, 392, 293, 394. Omenjeni sklop 39 ima lahko izjemno nizko kapacitivnost, zato je odzivnost take konfiguracije vtiča 2 na spremembe izjemno dobra. Vtič 2, pri katerem je izbran tak način vezave, je primeren za visokofrekvenčna telekomunikacijska vozlišča, npr. za mobilno-telefonske postaje oz. centrale.In FIG. 39 illustrates a method of coupling components of plug 2, in which one thermal breaker 4 'or one circuit breaker is each connected in series. 4 and one ohm resistor 320 'each. 320 gas arrester 36 connected in parallel on the one hand, and two varistors 3Γ, 31 connected on one side, on the other hand, and a further bridge-coupled assembly 39 diodes 391, 392, 293, 394. The said assembly 39 may have extremely low capacitance, therefore the responsiveness of such a plug 2 configuration to changes is extremely good. Plug 2, wherein such a coupling method is selected, is suitable for high-frequency telecommunication nodes, e.g. for mobile-telephone stations or switchboards.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9700285A SI9700285B (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Terminal strip assembly and surge protection of a protective plug for electric and telecommunication junctions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9700285A SI9700285B (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Terminal strip assembly and surge protection of a protective plug for electric and telecommunication junctions |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| SI9700285A true SI9700285A (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| SI9700285B SI9700285B (en) | 2006-10-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| SI9700285A SI9700285B (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Terminal strip assembly and surge protection of a protective plug for electric and telecommunication junctions |
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| SI (1) | SI9700285B (en) |
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