SI9600312A - Camouflage textile designed in environmental colours and procedure ofmanufacture of such textile - Google Patents

Abstract

A terrain-coloured textile fabric for protection against military reconnaissance has properties effectively camouflaging against recognition in the visible and infrared electromagnetic spectrum range. It has, in particular, a printed-on camouflage patterning which consists of colour spots and which is applied to a textile material, if appropriate after a precolouring of a natural-coloured textile material has been carried out. The reflection (reflectance) of the colour spots of the camouflage patterning is in each case within prescribed percentage values in precisely defined spectrum ranges for the differently coloured spots of the textile material. By the method according to the invention, the colours of the colour spots forming the camouflage patterning are in each case selected as a function of the emission spectrum of the surroundings of the object to be camouflaged from a combination of colours in which the reflection (reflectance) of the individual colour spots of the camouflage patterning is within the prescribed percentage ranges.

Description

PANNON-FLAX Gyori Lenszovo Rt.

Environment-friendly camouflage fabric and process for making this fabric

The invention relates to fabric designed in the colors of the environment and intended for camouflage, that is, for protection against military disclosure, with printed colored spots, which serves as a camouflage pattern to prevent or prevent. reducing the possibility of military detection in the visible and infrared spectral range of electromagnetic waves, and can be successfully used for camouflage purposes on this basis. The present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing such fabric using roller dyeing, whereby it can be adjusted precisely throughout the detection area to reflect reflectance, i.e. remission spectra of natural vegetation and other local features, such as in the fields or in the desert, in the urban environment, etc., and in such a way imitate these objects convincingly, thus providing effective and efficient protection against military detection.

It is known that in perception, i.e. military detection, comprehending the intensity and / or spectral energy distribution of electromagnetic waves emitted and / or reflected by objects located in the observed space, and then comparing this with the emission or reflection properties (spectra) of natural objects. From the magnitude of the reported deviations, it is possible to determine if the identified deviations with respect to the natural differences in terms of terrain characteristics of the recalled area result from the presence of artificial, if not insufficiently concealed objects. Disclosure can be performed with the naked eye and also with the use of technical, in particular optical, photographic or infotechnical aids.

Depending on the technique available and the image processing procedure used, recognition is possible in the wavelength range of electromagnetic waves between 280 and 3000 nm, and this wavelength is generally distributed to narrower fields due to processing

area. Values measured in different narrow spectral ranges can be captured and evaluated either individually, but also simultaneously and systematically.

Thanks to technical development, the use of digital image processing procedures and the use of electronic data processing already enables very fast and reliable detection and evaluation of very small variations (differences). In this way, military disclosure has become very rapid and effective, making the requirements for even more effective methods and means of concealment extremely topical and important.

In detecting, and thus revealing, military clothing, blankets and tents, the wavelength range from 400 to 1200 nm of the reflectance spectrum is often thoroughly investigated, leading to the possibility of using relatively simple technical means. In addition to camouflage properties, military fabric fabrics, especially camouflage clothing, are also very important in physiological characteristics.

HU-PS 187 621 is known for camouflage netting, which also meets the requirements of camouflage techniques in light of known and evolving disclosure techniques. A known solution, however, relates to a product whose starting material is polyester fibers with unfavorable physiological properties, and which by its very nature is a product of modest requirements, a product of low color fastness. Taking into account these characteristics, the starting material of a well-known camouflage netting could hardly or not even speak of material that could be used to make military camouflage clothing.

British patent application GB 2 252 399 A describes a fabric for military use consisting of a fibrous layer which is dark colored with carbon-containing pigment and green-colored fabric. Infrared absorption (infra-red energy absorption) affects dark-colored (carbon-containing) components in such a way that the emission of electromagnetic waves in the wavelength range 350 - 1200 nm is at most 40% and the visual appearance of the fabric is green.

However, there are a number of drawbacks to this known material. The solution does not allow for the production of multicolours, i.e. the colors of the environment of the corresponding camouflage patterns. In addition, it does not meet the requirements in terms of the expected masking effect, the so-called spectrozonal requirements, which relate to a particular increase in the emission spectrum of chlorophyll in a particularly narrow wavelength range. Finally, it is not able to emit an IR 3 emission of about 60-70% in green or in certain other colors (such as oak, etc.), although these colors would require IR to be more than 40% of the recalled natural environment.

Under PN (Publication No.) J07157980 A, a Japanese patent application discloses a process for roller dyeing of cotton knitwear, which results in a camouflage pattern of reflection value (reflectance value) lying in the wavelength range between 600 and 660 nm at 5-18%, in the wavelength range between 700 and 720 nm at 1845%, in the wavelength range between 740 and 760 nm at 30-65% and in the range between 1000 and 1200 nm at 54-66%.

The disadvantage of this known solution is that the available camouflage effect is not systematically achieved, i.e. does not take into account individual detection techniques and wavelength ranges (optical field of view, infrared, and spectral spectral paths within particularly narrow areas). Therefore, the colored spots of the camouflage pattern are not suitable for effective imitation of brownish bark or tree trunks or branches. The reflectance (remission) of the leaves, dried plant parts and the like, such as branches and tree trunks, lies significantly below 5466% in the wavelength range 1000 to 1200 nm, and for leaves, for example. it shows only 20 to 30% of the measured values and hardly 10 to 15% for tree trunks. The patent application published is furthermore not addressed by camouflage patterns on textile materials of increased durability, which would also include synthetic fibers.

A further Japanese patent application published under PN J05060469 A describes polyamide fabrics together with the process of their manufacture. In this case, the colors of the camouflage pattern are applied to the textile material on the one hand, by treating the fabric with anionic, acidic or acidic ones. bath dyes, on the other hand (on about 5-30% of the surface) using pigment dye.

The disadvantage of this last mentioned solution is that the camouflage material considered as a starting material comprises physiologically unfavorable fabric (synthetic fiber), its color fastness due to partially used pigment dyes, except that the camouflage effect of the textile material is hardly suitable, would offer satisfactory protection against state-of-the-art detection techniques.

Japanese Patent Application PN J05132879 A describes a polyester or polyamide fabric, to which a masking pattern is applied partly by means of a fiber-bound dye and partly by a non-fiber-pigmented dye. The fabric obtained, however, in terms of use as well as masking technique, exhibits the same deficiencies as have already been mentioned more extensively with respect to goods in accordance with J05060496. A further disadvantage, which was presented as an advantage in the description and yet explicitly emphasized, is that the IR remission (IR reflectance) in the individual colors is extremely high and thus not an important requirement in terms of camouflage technique, according to which it is possible to define the IR remission for different colors (natural environment parameters appropriately) for each color individually, ie at different values.

CA 896 438 discloses a fabric for the manufacture of military clothing and blankets, comprising reflectance values of less than 35% in the wavelength range from 380 to 700 nm and from 900 to 1200 nm in the intermediate wavelength range of 700 up to 900 nm greater than 35%. This is achieved by pushing with a dye in the range of 700 to 900 nm fluorescently, as well as subsequent application as black band charcoal to reduce reflexion. From the point of view of camouflage technique, these goods are related to the disadvantages because the spectroscopic requirements (ie the special course of the chlorophyll remission spectra in particularly narrow spectral areas) are not sufficiently taken into account, as well as the IR reflection in certain colors (pine and spruce). -green, leaf-green, oak-appearing, dark-appearing, etc.) insufficiently differentiated, which makes it easy for detecting camouflage goods to be detected by modern sensing techniques. A further disadvantage is that intensive use as a black dye charcoal adversely impairs the color fastness of the goods.

It is an object of the invention to realize fabric-colored fabrics with masking effect against detection in the visible and infrared electromagnetic spectral range, and thus for protection against military detection, which is carried out without the aforementioned disadvantages and adverse effects of known fabrics, and which, except for exceptional masking effects, will have also very favorable clothing-physiological characteristics, so that it can be used as a priority in the manufacture of military clothing, especially camouflage clothing in the colors of the environment. It is a further object of the invention to design a process for making such a fabric.

The object of the invention is solved by the fabric in the colors of the environment, the novel and important features of the invention are summarized in the characteristic part of claim 1 from the series of claims that follow this description. Suitable and preferred embodiments of the textile material of the invention as well as the process of its manufacture can be understood from claims 2-12.

The fabric according to the invention is formed by its excellent clothing-physiological properties (such as moisture absorption, water vapor permeability) because it can consist of textile materials made of pure cotton wool as well as a mixture of cotton wool and polyester fibers or fibers of pure cotton wool and other synthetic fibers substances. Used for dyeing, durable against light, rolling, washing and rubbing, in particular roller dyes further result in high stability and also good color fastness of the applied color spots or. from these standing camouflage pattern.

The method according to the invention enables the fabric of the invention to be fabricated, and the starting material for it is optionally pre-dyed but also non-dyed textile material (fabric, weaving, knit or fleece) to which a masking pattern consisting of colored spots of a predetermined reflection spectrum is applied from roller dyes, using the roller dyeing process (preferably two-phase, in order to achieve good reproducibility).

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the starting material, which is a non-dyed textile, is first pre-dyed with a suitably selected colorant to determine the corresponding basic reflectance energy spectrum. Namely, without pre-painting, it would not be possible to achieve at the same time certain, especially harsh requirements of the previously described camouflage effect. Such requirements could be cited at e.g. the desired, extremely similar spectra paths of the sand and green colored spots of the camouflage pattern in the wavelength range between 760 and 800 nm, as well as a special, steep increase in the remission values of the green colored spots of the camouflage pattern in the wavelength range between 620 and 760 nm of the very they approximate those of natural chlorophyll, and thus mimic the most commonly mentioned so-called spectroscopic effect of natural chlorophyll. A further requirement that can only be fulfilled by the pre-coloring of an otherwise unpainted starting material may ultimately be that the back of the substance may also look different than merely the pale-colored colored spots on the front of the modified unpainted surface.

The fabric according to the invention is distinguished by its exceptional camouflage technical characteristics. They show colors in the visible electromagnetic field, even if they use only bland image processing techniques, without further convincing colors and patterns. This means that the brown tones of the individual colored spots are as diverse as possible and suit those that mimic the natural environment. Even when using color image processing techniques, color rendering (i.e., color coordinates that affect the color resolution) of individual color spots corresponds to those of the colors of imitated natural objects. The visual area is not just a visual color rendering of colored spots or from these standing camouflage patterns are identical to the color displays induced in the natural environment, but also the spectral remission curves of the camouflage pattern colors follow the course of the spectral remission curves of the natural environment colors. In green, the spectroscopic effect, which can be characterized as an increase in the remission curve due to the ratio at 740 nm and at the 620 nm measured remission values, is closely aligned with those of natural chlorophyll. Spectral remission curves of color spots also in the narrow infrared region of the remission spectrum follow the course of the corresponding color remission curves of imitated, imaged objects. Finally, the color spots of the camouflage pattern show, even if only pure white image processing techniques are used, even in the narrow infrared region, the pattern is extremely correct, because the brown tones of the individual color spots also show in the brightness of the imitated natural environment in this spectral range.

To achieve the above and other requirements and advantages of the invention, certain carefully selected roller dyes should be used, the selected starting points arising from a complex evaluation of the characteristics with respect to color stability and remission spectra. Depending on the mascot-technical requirements of the fabrics of the invention, it is preferable to use, in particular, the following dyes, which are known for their international C.I. (Color Index) designations: Wat Yelow 33, Wat Orange 1, Wat Orange 11, Wat Red 15, Wat Blue 66, Wat Green 13, Wat Brown 1, Wat Brown 55 and Wat Brown 68.

In addition to the above, dyes with the following color indications, or those whose remission spectra show at least an imitation of the same course, may be used:

Indocarbon CLB suprafix tg - fy Hoechst Cibanon Grau CBK md. fl. - fy CIGE and black pigment paint for industrial use.

Vat Brown 1 and Vat Brown 68 dyes can be used to produce a basic dye (that is, for textile pre-dyeing) with approximately the same effect, considering the Central European vegetation conditions. From the above other dyes, the necessary and required color spots of camouflage can be masked Make the pattern by pushing the fabric. Other color combinations (for example, for use in desert environments) can be selected and used as appropriate. However, their selection and use should come from spectral analysis.

In accordance with the method of the invention, it is possible to apply the colored spots of the camouflage pattern in particular by means of a well-known two-phase roller painting process. In certain individual cases, painting may also be done by manual application. The process accordingly and preferably consists of the following technological steps:

pre-dyeing in advance for dyeing prepared textile materials in a known manner (by cooking and bleaching) and with suitable roller dyes, preparation of textile dyeing material, optionally application of crosslinking agent, application of camouflage pattern by means of (one or two-phase) printing of textile material with roller dyes, condensation of the substance obtained (if the printing paste also contains pigments and r

binders), chemical saturation, steam treatment, oxidation and washing, drying and refining (whereby, by means of impregnation or coating, it is possible to produce waterproof or waterproof textile materials for use, for example, for raincoats, blankets and the like).

The process of the invention can be successfully used, except for those up to 100% of cellulose-based cotton wool yarns, for textile materials made from a mixture of cotton wool and synthetic fibers. When using such textiles, it is preferable that, with the proper choice of their manufacturing technology, they are made so that the cotton wool fibers are predominantly contained on their visible side intended for printing. The choice of synthetic fiber components should be further taken into account that they consist of materials that meet the requirements of roller dyeing, in particular roller printing dyeing, as well as related chemical and thermal treatments (in terms of pH, redox potential, etc.), and carry them without risk of injury.

The invention will now be described in further detail based on specific examples.

Example 1:

As a starting material for fabric fabric for anti-military camouflage materials, 100% cotton wool fabric with the following parameters was used as textile material: Draft - 100% cotton wool, Nm 50/2; weft - 100% cotton wool, Nm 20/1; binder - twill binder 3/2, surface density: 295g / m. Textile material was pre-painted using the so-called Pad-Steam process (using fog and applying dyes and thinners in r

(fog) using a color mixture consisting of 5.5 g / l Benanthren Braun GN u.d., 5.0 ml / l Tanawet PAD and 2.0 ml / l DS 14.

A hardener of the following composition was used for printing: 50 g Printex CMA spec. + 50g Printex 396/5 + 900g water = 100g of hardener. The viscosity of the hardener was between 70 and 80 dPa. For sandy color, appearance and green, the general composition of the printing traps was as follows:

xg roller dye suitable for two-phase roller printing, gg hardener

1000 g of printing paste

For leaf-green, the following pastes were used: xg roller dye suitable for two-phase roller printing, yg hardener

20g MAP binder

1000 g of printing paste

They were used as colorants

- for making sand colored spots

Indanthren Bordeaux RR suprafix teig 0.5 g / kg

Indanthren Gelb F3GC suprafix teig 0.4 g / kg in

Indanthren Oliv t-MW collosiol fl. 7.0 g / kg,

- for making leaf-green colored spots

Indanthren Blau T-CLF collosiol teig 30.0 g / kg Indanthren Goldgelb RK suprafix teig 22.0 g / kg and Monaprint Black 2,0Ε 2.0 g / kg,

- for making brown colored spots

Indanthren Golgelb RK suprafix teig Indanthren Bordo RR suprafix teig Indocarbon CLB suprafix teig Cibanon Brown CBK md.fl.

18.0 g / kg 8.0 g / kg 18.0 g / kg, and 3.0 g / kg,

- for making black spots

Indanthren Brown LMG collosiol fl. 10.0 g / kg in

Indocarbon CLB suprafix teig 80.0 g / kg

Condensation was carried out on a drum dryer for 3 min. long at 150 ° C. For chemical saturation lasting 45 sec. long at an inflammatory temperature of 130 ° C, a reducing solution of the composition was used

Rongalite 2PH-A 90 g / l Rongalite 2PH-B fl. 60 g / l borax 6 g / l 38 NaOH solution 180 ml / l sodium carbonate 10g / l Tanawet PAD 10 ml / l.

During the finishing, the colored fabric was oxidized and washed. In doing so, after steam treatment, it was first washed by immersion in cold water. Subsequently, cold rinsing and oxidation was carried out at 50 ° C in a mixture containing 35% hydrogen peroxide solution in an amount of 2 g / l and 80% acetic acid solution in an amount of 1 g / l. After rinsing again at 50 ° C, the goods were hot washed, hot rinsed and finally subjected to cold rinsing.

Example 2:

For the starting material for the manufacture of further textile materials for camouflage against military detection, a fabric consisting of a mixture of 50% cotton wool and 50% PA (polyamide) with the following parameters was used as textile material:

Draft - 67% cotton wool, Nm 27/1 and 33% PA; weft - 67% PA and 33% cotton wool, binder - 3/1 twill binder, surface density: 285 g / m.

For pushing performed without pre-staining, the following composition of 50 g Printex CMA spec. + 50 g Printex 396 / p + 900 g water = 1000 g hardener. The viscosity of the hardener was between 70 and 80 dPa.

The general composition of the printing traps corresponded to the ratio:

xg bath dye suitable for two-phase bath printing, gg hardener

1000 g of printing paste

They were used as colorants

- for making sand colored spots

Indanthren Bordeaux RR suprafix teig 0.8 g / kg

Indanthren Gelb F3GC suprafix teig 0.5 g / kg

Indanthren Oliv T-MW collosiol fl. 9.0 g / kg, and

Benanthren Braun GN u.d. 9.0 g / kg.

- for making green colored spots

Indanthren Blau T-CLF collosiol teig Indanthren Goldgelb RK suprafix teig Benanthren Braun GN u.d.

22.0 g / kg 18.0 g / kg, and 9.0 g / kg

- for making brown colored spots

Indanthren Bordeaux RR suprafix teig Indanthren Goldgelb RK suprafix teig Benathren Braun GN u.d.

Indocarbon CLB suprafix teig Cibanon Braun CBK md.fl.

- for making black spots

Indanthren Braun LMG collosiol fl. Indocarbon CLB suprafix dye Benanthren Braun GN u.d.

8.0 g / kg

23.0 g / kg

9.0 g / kg

20.0 g / kg, and

7.0 g / kg, and finally

20.0 g / kg 70.0 g / kg and 9.0 g / kg.

Condensation was carried out on a drum dryer for 3 minutes at 150 ° C. For chemical saturation, which lasted 45 s long at an inflammatory temperature of 130 ° C, a reducing solution of the composition was used

Rongalite 2PH-A 90 g / l Rongalite 2PH-Bfl. 60 g / l Borax 6 g / l 38 Be NaOH solution 180ml / l sodium carbonate 10 g / l, Tanawet PAD 10ml / l.

During the finishing, the colored textile was oxidized and washed. In doing so, steam treatment was first washed by dipping in cold water. Thereafter, cold washing and oxidation were carried out at 50 ° C in a mixture containing 35% hydrogen peroxide solution in the amount of 2 g / l and 80% acetic acid solution in the amount of 1 g / l. After rinsing again at 50 ° C, the product was slightly hot r

washed, hot washed and finally subjected to cold rinsing.

The subsequent steps of the process and the parameters of its implementation were identical to those of Example 1.

The method according to the invention enables the two-sided application of camouflage patterns of preferably different sample designs and with spots of different colors on textile materials of appropriate thickness and structure. The fabric-colored fabric according to the invention can be converted into finished products by suitable further processing steps, in particular dressing, with appropriate, alternate use and wearing of the respective side of the goods as visible sides in various vegetation and terrain conditions, suitable for extremely effective masking against military detection.

Claims (12)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. An environmentally-friendly camouflage fabric intended, in particular, for protection against military detection by means of recognition of camouflage properties, effective in the visible inffa-red electromagnetic spectral range, comprising, in each case, correspondingly pre-colored non-colored textile material printed, in particular printed made of colored spots, characterized in that the reflectance (remission) of the colored patches of the camouflage pattern relative to that of the natural objects observed in terms of the camouflage effect is present - for sandy spots in the spectral range from 700 to 950 nm, between 15 and 55%, and in the spectral range from 950 to 1200 nm, between 40 and 70%, - for live spots in the spectral range of 700 to 1200 nm between 8 and 30%, - for gray spots between 25 and 40% in the 800 to 1100 nm spectral range, - for black spots in the 700 to 1200 nm spectral range between 1,5 and 20%, - for pine and spruce-green spots in the spectral range from 610 to 660 nm between 3 and 10%, in the spectral range from 720 to 740 nm between 23 and 55% and in the spectral range from 800 to 1200 nm between 38 and 60% , while - in the case of leaf-green spots in the spectral range from 610 to 660 nm, it ranges between 6 and 18%, in the spectral range from 720 to 740 nm between 30 and 65%, and in the spectral range from 800 to 1200 nm, between 50 and 75% . Fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile material consists of weaving, fabric, knit or fleece made from cellulose-based natural fibers or from a mixture of cellulosic natural fibers and man-made fibers and / or synthetic fibers. Fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a masking pattern with colored patches on both sides, wherein the colored spots of the masking pattern on one side of the material are different from those of the masking pattern on the other side of different colors and / or designs and / or distributions. Fabric according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the colored spots of the camouflage pattern are applied to the textile substance from the roller dyes directly by roller dyeing or by means of color printing performed on the basis of roller dyeing. Fabric according to claim 4, characterized in that the camouflage pattern is applied to non-colored or pre-colored textile materials. A method of manufacturing fabric-colored fabrics according to any one of claims 1 to 5, effective in the sense of masking against detection in the visible and infra-red electromagnetic spectral range, and thus in terms of protection against military detection, which is to one side or to apply both sides of the unpainted or pre-colored textile material a colored masking pattern, characterized in that the colors of the colored spots forming the masking pattern are chosen in advance from the color combination depending on the emission spectrum of the environment to mask the intended object, reflecting (remission) of colored spots of camouflage pattern relative to that of natural objects, considering the masking effect, is in the range - for sandy spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range from 700 to 950 nm between 15 and 55% and in the spectral range from 950 to 1200 nm between 40 and 70%, - for brown spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range 700 to 1200 nm between 8 and 30%, - for gray spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range of 800 to 1100 nm between 25 and 40%, - for black spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range 700 to 1200 nm between 1,5 and 20%, - for pine - oz. spruce-green spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range 610 to 660 nm between 3 and 10%, in the spectral range 720 to 740 nm between 23 and 55%, and in the spectral range 800 to 1200 nm between 38 and 60% , - for leaf-green spots in leafy specimens in the spectral range 610 to 660 nm between 6 and 18%, in the spectral range 720 to 740 nm between 30 and 65%, and in the spectral range 800 to 1200 nm between 50 and 75 %, and that the colored spots of the camouflage pattern are fixed or known in a manner known per se by applying them to the textile material by means of color printing. hardens, and that the resulting fabric is further refined, in particular finishing and / or dressing. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fabric is made from raw textile material and that the raw textile material is subjected to pre-dyeing before applying the camouflage pattern, using dyes whose reflectance values (remission) are used in the pre-dyeing of the textile material. values) lie within the limits of claim 1 or 6. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the textile material on both sides is formed by a masking pattern of colored spots, wherein the colored spots of the masking pattern on one side of the material are applied in a different color and / or design and / or distribution than the colored spots of camouflage pattern on the other side of the material. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the pre-dyeing of the non-dyed textile material is carried out with roller dye, preferably by means of the so-called Pad-Steam process, and that the colored spots of one or two-sided camouflage pattern are applied to the textile substance is applied by means of one- or two-phase roller painting. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the fabric is used as a textile material for pre-painting and / or applying colored spots of the camouflage pattern, r woven, knitted or woven fabrics of natural cellulose fibers or of a mixture of cellulosic natural fibers and man-made fibers and / or synthetic fibers. woven, knitted or woven fabrics of natural cellulose fibers or of a mixture of cellulosic natural fibers and man-made fibers and / or synthetic fibers. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that, when applying the colored spots of the camouflage pattern, it is derived from a non-colored textile material. A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a mixed fibrous material is used as a textile material for the pre-dyeing and / or application of colored spots of the camouflage pattern, which contains fibrous materials of various types in either a pre-mixed or a woven form.