CA2170381C - Camouflage fabric - Google Patents
Camouflage fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2170381C CA2170381C CA002170381A CA2170381A CA2170381C CA 2170381 C CA2170381 C CA 2170381C CA 002170381 A CA002170381 A CA 002170381A CA 2170381 A CA2170381 A CA 2170381A CA 2170381 C CA2170381 C CA 2170381C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- infra
- camouflage pattern
- red
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Coloring (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
A fabric presents a non-camouflage pattern under visible light and a camouflage pattern under infrared radiation. The fabric may appear under visible light to have a continuous solid colour and thus be suitable for use in police uniforms.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a camouflage fabric wherein the camouflage pattern is visible only under infra-red light. The camouflage pattern is not visible under visible light (i.e.light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Camouflage uniforms have for many years been provided to the armed services, to enable soldiers to blend into their surroundings and so minimise their risk of being seen by an enemy. Traditional camouflage patterns aim to visually disrupt the shape of the body, so that the body outline is less easily recognised, and also to provide colours or areas of light and dark which approximate their surroundings. Traditionally, such camouflage has been aimed at being effective in the visible region of the spectrum.
However, in recent years nightsights have become available which are responsive to infra-red light. Thus, a sniper in possession of an image intensifier nightsight is able to pick out a target at night, owing to its illumination by ambient infra-red radiation. The fabrics nonaally employed for military or police uniforms tend to have a higher infra-red reflectance that normal surroundings (for example temperate foliage) so that such persons present readily locatable targets at night.
Fabrics are available which have camouflage patterns both in the visible and infra-red regions of the spectrum.
However, such materials are not necessarily suitable for all types of security personnel. For example, visibly camouflaged uniforms are generally regarded as unsuitable for general use by police forces, whose normal uniform is generally a visually solid colour, such as green, brown, blue or black.
GB-1 605 261-A (Secretary of State for Defence) discloses a combined infra-red and visible light camouflage system in which the infra-red camouflage does not detract from the visible light camouflage. Further, the infra-red camouflage is selected to provide low emissivity and high reflectivity such that the object to be camouflaged will not be a strong emitter of radiation.
The camouflage system may be provided by painting a visible light transparent binder carrying infra-red reflector material onto an object which has already been painted with conventional visible pigments.
GB-2 001 417-A (Continental Gummiwerke Aktiengesellschaft) discloses a tarpaulin in which the.
outer layer has regions of varying infra-red reflectivity to provide an infra-red visible camouflage pattern.
DE-B-1 063 936 discloses a coloured non-patterned fabric with a visual colour corresponding to the average of colour tones occurring in the landscape. The visible colour is achieved by colour mixing comprising a basic fabric dye and a partially-covering colour overlay. The overlay is selected to reduce the infra-red remission value of the basic dye to a value correponding to the average infra-red remission value of the surrounding landscape.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fabric which comprises a camouflage pattern, the pattern being invisible under visible light but visible under infra-red light.
Generally, the fabric appears under visible light to have a continuous solid colour. This is usually a dark colour, but could be a light colour, provided that any of the infra-red camouflage which is apparent is filled in with a compensatory visible but infra-red invisible pattern. However, the fabric may be printed with a non-camouflage pattern visible in the visible region of the AMEt~3E~ SHEET
IPEA/EP
2a spectrum.
According to the present invention a fabric can be printed with a camouflage pattern which is visible only S in the infra-red region but is invisible in the visible region. Generally, the fabric is printed with an infra-red absorbing material, such as carbon black, a chitin resin or other known infra-red absorbing pigment.
Generally, the infra-red region of interest lies in the range 1000 to 1200 nm.
AMENaED SHEET
IPEA/EP
The present invention relates to a camouflage fabric wherein the camouflage pattern is visible only under infra-red light. The camouflage pattern is not visible under visible light (i.e.light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Camouflage uniforms have for many years been provided to the armed services, to enable soldiers to blend into their surroundings and so minimise their risk of being seen by an enemy. Traditional camouflage patterns aim to visually disrupt the shape of the body, so that the body outline is less easily recognised, and also to provide colours or areas of light and dark which approximate their surroundings. Traditionally, such camouflage has been aimed at being effective in the visible region of the spectrum.
However, in recent years nightsights have become available which are responsive to infra-red light. Thus, a sniper in possession of an image intensifier nightsight is able to pick out a target at night, owing to its illumination by ambient infra-red radiation. The fabrics nonaally employed for military or police uniforms tend to have a higher infra-red reflectance that normal surroundings (for example temperate foliage) so that such persons present readily locatable targets at night.
Fabrics are available which have camouflage patterns both in the visible and infra-red regions of the spectrum.
However, such materials are not necessarily suitable for all types of security personnel. For example, visibly camouflaged uniforms are generally regarded as unsuitable for general use by police forces, whose normal uniform is generally a visually solid colour, such as green, brown, blue or black.
GB-1 605 261-A (Secretary of State for Defence) discloses a combined infra-red and visible light camouflage system in which the infra-red camouflage does not detract from the visible light camouflage. Further, the infra-red camouflage is selected to provide low emissivity and high reflectivity such that the object to be camouflaged will not be a strong emitter of radiation.
The camouflage system may be provided by painting a visible light transparent binder carrying infra-red reflector material onto an object which has already been painted with conventional visible pigments.
GB-2 001 417-A (Continental Gummiwerke Aktiengesellschaft) discloses a tarpaulin in which the.
outer layer has regions of varying infra-red reflectivity to provide an infra-red visible camouflage pattern.
DE-B-1 063 936 discloses a coloured non-patterned fabric with a visual colour corresponding to the average of colour tones occurring in the landscape. The visible colour is achieved by colour mixing comprising a basic fabric dye and a partially-covering colour overlay. The overlay is selected to reduce the infra-red remission value of the basic dye to a value correponding to the average infra-red remission value of the surrounding landscape.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fabric which comprises a camouflage pattern, the pattern being invisible under visible light but visible under infra-red light.
Generally, the fabric appears under visible light to have a continuous solid colour. This is usually a dark colour, but could be a light colour, provided that any of the infra-red camouflage which is apparent is filled in with a compensatory visible but infra-red invisible pattern. However, the fabric may be printed with a non-camouflage pattern visible in the visible region of the AMEt~3E~ SHEET
IPEA/EP
2a spectrum.
According to the present invention a fabric can be printed with a camouflage pattern which is visible only S in the infra-red region but is invisible in the visible region. Generally, the fabric is printed with an infra-red absorbing material, such as carbon black, a chitin resin or other known infra-red absorbing pigment.
Generally, the infra-red region of interest lies in the range 1000 to 1200 nm.
AMENaED SHEET
IPEA/EP
The overall infra-red reflectivity of the fabric will be arranged to match that of the surroundings in which it is to be used. For example, for use in temperate foliage (i.e. countryside and woodland in one of the temperate regions of the world) the overall infra-red reflectivity required is typically 35%. This figure may rise to 70% in desert conditions. Other values may be chosen for snow or urban conditions.
In order to achieve the chosen overall reflectivity, the camouflage pattern will comprise at least two areas of different infra-red reflectivity. These will generally differ by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, or even at least 15% in reflectivity. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the camouflage pattern comprises three areas whose reflectivity differs by approximately 10%, for example 30%, 40% and 50%. The surface area of these areas of different reflectivity may be the same or may vary depending on the type of camouflage pattern required. Generally, the areas will have substantially equal surface areas.
The infra-red camouflage pattern will generally be printed onto the fabric before, but more usually after, the fabric has been dyed. Screen printing is a particularly preferred printing method. In order to provide waterproofness and breathability, the fabric may be laminated to an inner layer formed of a suitable water-impermeable water-vapour-permeable fabric.
Many such fabrics are known and these typically incorporate a polyurethane membrane or coating. A
particularly preferred material is available under the Gore-Tex trademark (W.L.Gore & Associates) and comprises a porous expanded PTFE membrane coated with a water-vapour-permeable polyurethane coating.
The present invention will now be illustrated by way of example only.
217n~~ ~
In order to achieve the chosen overall reflectivity, the camouflage pattern will comprise at least two areas of different infra-red reflectivity. These will generally differ by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, or even at least 15% in reflectivity. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the camouflage pattern comprises three areas whose reflectivity differs by approximately 10%, for example 30%, 40% and 50%. The surface area of these areas of different reflectivity may be the same or may vary depending on the type of camouflage pattern required. Generally, the areas will have substantially equal surface areas.
The infra-red camouflage pattern will generally be printed onto the fabric before, but more usually after, the fabric has been dyed. Screen printing is a particularly preferred printing method. In order to provide waterproofness and breathability, the fabric may be laminated to an inner layer formed of a suitable water-impermeable water-vapour-permeable fabric.
Many such fabrics are known and these typically incorporate a polyurethane membrane or coating. A
particularly preferred material is available under the Gore-Tex trademark (W.L.Gore & Associates) and comprises a porous expanded PTFE membrane coated with a water-vapour-permeable polyurethane coating.
The present invention will now be illustrated by way of example only.
217n~~ ~
A dark green fabric suitable for use by anti-terrorist police having an infra-red camouflage pattern (which was not discernible under visible light) was obtained as follows.
A plain weave nylon fabric of mass 80g/m2 and dyed green was obtained. This was screen printed with a carbon black-containing pigment paste, comprising a sodium alginate thickener buffered with sodium bicarbonate, in a camouflage pattern in an amount of approximately 3% by weight. The camouflage pattern comprised three areas of differing reflectivity, the areas being of substantially equal surface area. The fabric was then subjected to a fixing and washing cycle utilising conventional methods. First, it was steamed at 102°C for 45 minutes to fix the pigment. Then, the fabric web was passed through a linear wash comprising five water baths, the first of which contained a small amount of wetting agent, and then twisted into a rope and subjected to a slap wash in water. Finally, the fabric was stentered (laid out flat and held in place to prevent wrinkling) and dried. The extent of the washing process is selected to result in the removal of a substantial amount of the overprinted carbon pigment (for example, removal of at least 90% by weight). The small quantity of carbon remaining was invisible under visible light.
The camouflage fabric was then laminated in known manner, using an intermittent pattern of adhesive, to a Gore-Tex polyurethane coated porous expanded PTFE
membrane having a knitted nylon tricot liner laminated on the inside thereof.
The infra-red reflectivity of the fabric was determined using a spectrophotometer fitted with a diffuse reflection attachment, working over the range 1000 to 1200 nm. This was calibrated using a reference standard of barium sulphate of minimum thickness 2mm.
21~o3s ~
The camouflage pattern comprised three areas of differing reflectance. The reflectance of each area was measured over the range 1000 to 1200 nm, integrated and averaged to provide an average reflectance figure. The infra-red 5 reflectance for the three areas was found to be as follows:
I 30 ~ 10%
II 40 ~ 10%
III 50 ~ 10%
the overall infra-red reflectance of the fabric was approximately 35%. Visually, the fabric presented a solid uniform green appearance and the infra-red camouflage pattern was indiscernible.
A black polyester fabric was treated in a similar manner to provide a fabric having an infra-red visible camouflage pattern. The only difference in processing compared to Example 1 described above was that the carbon black containing pigment paste comprised guar gum thickener, buffered with ammonium sulphate, and that the paste was fixed by heating with super-heated steam at 175°C for eight minutes.
A plain weave nylon fabric of mass 80g/m2 and dyed green was obtained. This was screen printed with a carbon black-containing pigment paste, comprising a sodium alginate thickener buffered with sodium bicarbonate, in a camouflage pattern in an amount of approximately 3% by weight. The camouflage pattern comprised three areas of differing reflectivity, the areas being of substantially equal surface area. The fabric was then subjected to a fixing and washing cycle utilising conventional methods. First, it was steamed at 102°C for 45 minutes to fix the pigment. Then, the fabric web was passed through a linear wash comprising five water baths, the first of which contained a small amount of wetting agent, and then twisted into a rope and subjected to a slap wash in water. Finally, the fabric was stentered (laid out flat and held in place to prevent wrinkling) and dried. The extent of the washing process is selected to result in the removal of a substantial amount of the overprinted carbon pigment (for example, removal of at least 90% by weight). The small quantity of carbon remaining was invisible under visible light.
The camouflage fabric was then laminated in known manner, using an intermittent pattern of adhesive, to a Gore-Tex polyurethane coated porous expanded PTFE
membrane having a knitted nylon tricot liner laminated on the inside thereof.
The infra-red reflectivity of the fabric was determined using a spectrophotometer fitted with a diffuse reflection attachment, working over the range 1000 to 1200 nm. This was calibrated using a reference standard of barium sulphate of minimum thickness 2mm.
21~o3s ~
The camouflage pattern comprised three areas of differing reflectance. The reflectance of each area was measured over the range 1000 to 1200 nm, integrated and averaged to provide an average reflectance figure. The infra-red 5 reflectance for the three areas was found to be as follows:
I 30 ~ 10%
II 40 ~ 10%
III 50 ~ 10%
the overall infra-red reflectance of the fabric was approximately 35%. Visually, the fabric presented a solid uniform green appearance and the infra-red camouflage pattern was indiscernible.
A black polyester fabric was treated in a similar manner to provide a fabric having an infra-red visible camouflage pattern. The only difference in processing compared to Example 1 described above was that the carbon black containing pigment paste comprised guar gum thickener, buffered with ammonium sulphate, and that the paste was fixed by heating with super-heated steam at 175°C for eight minutes.
Claims (11)
1. A fabric which presents a non camouflage pattern under visible light and a camouflage pattern under infra-red radiation.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein the fabric is uniformly coloured.
3. A fabric according to any preceding claim wherein the camouflage pattern comprises at least two areas whose infra-red reflectance differ by at least 10%.
4. A fabric according to any preceding claim whose average infra-red reflectance in the region 1000-1200 nm is 30-40%.
5. A fabric according to any preceding claim wherein the camouflage pattern is applied by screen printing.
6. A fabric according to any preceding claim which is provided with a waterproof water-vapour-permeable inner layer.
7. A fabric according to any preceding claim wherein the fabric is a dark colour and the camouflage pattern is provided by carbon-containing material, the camouflage effect being provided by areas of carbon-containing material having different concentrations of carbon.
8. A fabric according to any preceding claim wherein the reflectivity of the camouflage pattern is selected to match the reflectivity of selected surroundings.
9. A method of providing an infra-red visible camouflage pattern on a fabric, the method comprising the steps:
applying an infra-red absorbing material carried in a settable matrix to a fabric in a camouflage pattern;
setting the matrix; and treating the fabric to remove sufficient infra-red absorbing material such that the camouflage pattern is invisible under visible light.
applying an infra-red absorbing material carried in a settable matrix to a fabric in a camouflage pattern;
setting the matrix; and treating the fabric to remove sufficient infra-red absorbing material such that the camouflage pattern is invisible under visible light.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the infra-red absorbing material is carbon.
11. A fabric appearing under visible light to have a continuous solid dark colour suitable for use in police uniforms and appearing under infra-red radiation to have a camouflage pattern, the camouflage pattern being provided by carbon-containing material, the camouflage pattern being provided by areas of carbon-containing material having different concentrations of carbon, the carbon in said material being invisible under visible light.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9318098A GB2281748B (en) | 1993-09-01 | 1993-09-01 | Camouflage fabric |
| GB9318098.2 | 1993-09-01 | ||
| PCT/GB1994/001893 WO1995006850A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 | 1994-09-01 | Camouflage fabric |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2170381A1 CA2170381A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| CA2170381C true CA2170381C (en) | 2004-07-06 |
Family
ID=29266718
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002170381A Expired - Lifetime CA2170381C (en) | 1993-09-01 | 1994-09-01 | Camouflage fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2170381C (en) |
-
1994
- 1994-09-01 CA CA002170381A patent/CA2170381C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2170381A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20140902 |