SI9400454A - Preparing of fodder from skins and/or fresh fruits residues from squeezing and belonging device - Google Patents

Abstract

Described here is fodder preparation on the basis of conserved fruit-skins and/or conserved residue of fresh-fruit after-pressing, whose characteristic feature is that fruit-skins and/or residue of fresh-fruit after-pressing, from which water has been partly eliminated, are being loaded onto acid-resistant and airproof transport containers and ensilaged. Then a description is given for the fodder preparation device.

Description

Steirerbrau Aktiengesellschaft

Preparation of feed material from pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press and associated apparatus

The present invention relates to the preparation of a feed agent based on preserved preserves and / or canned fresh pressed fruit residues, as well as a device for the manufacture of a feed agent.

In the manufacture of beer, wine, must and fruit juices, many compressed residues remain, which are either used as a feed material, mainly for livestock (beer, cane and pressed fresh fruit), or serve as a source of pectin and as a basis for fermentation ( pressed residues of fresh fruit). For example, brewer's pomace consists mainly of chaff (meccan) and insoluble protein (about 28% of protein) and is an excellent supplement to the feed. Grape marc (grape residue after grape pressing) obtained from the preparation of the wine may also be produced, for example, spirits.

Beer marc is created by making beer by first e.g. barley prepares for germination at a certain humidity and temperature to form amylase. This process of germination - the making of malt - is stopped by heat (drying), but possibly without deactivating your previously enzymes. After sweetening the crushed malt with the enzymes obtained from the germination and the subsequent concentration until the desired extract content is adjusted by the cooking process, the so-called mash (= condition of the beer before filling the water) is separated from the solid constituents in the sieving apparatus. These solid constituents form the so-called beer grains.

Thus, in the manufacture of beer in the boiling compartment, brewing marc is a production waste whose quantity is proportional to the production quantity. Thus, for example, in 1993 the applicant establishments in Leoben-Goss and Graz-Puntigam produced 46,0001 beer canes.

However, since there is a high water content of about 80% by weight, the durability is very limited and therefore the beer grains should be consumed as soon as possible. they need to be harvested almost immediately, as otherwise the rotting bacteria in the brew can start to stink. Therefore, in order to save them by composting, the grapevines must be disposed of outside the populated areas in order to produce a strong odor.

As already mentioned, there is a possibility of using the grapevines of one type or another, or of residues of pressed fruit, by slaughtering them with livestock. But they also need to be fed in a few days because otherwise, as in the case of beer, rotting occurs in the feed.

A further problem with the stocking of livestock is that, due to the increased need for beer and fruit juices, in the summer months most of the marc and residues of pressed fruit are produced. At the same time, at the same time when there is a lot of green fodder available, in agriculture there is a need for additional or. replacement feeds are relatively small. This already led to the fact that beer wastes as a high-quality feed could not be consumed in the summer, but had to be composted or fed. to the landfill. As this trend (increased need for beer and fruit juices in the summer, while reducing interest in the marc of any kind and pressed residues of fresh fruit as a forage agent) will intensify in the coming years, the capacity of composting facilities in the brewery supply area or However, the fruit processing industry is limited, it seems that composting or depositing pomace of any kind and pressed fruit residues, regardless of the odor problem associated with it, is not the path leading to the destination.

On the other hand, in winter, there would be an increased need for additional or substitute feeds, but then the demand for beer and fruit juices is lower and therefore the marc and pressed fruit residues are also less.

The problem of the consumption of beer marc and the excess supply of them in the summer is primarily a problem of the brewing industry. In the ZRN, for example, from October 1988 to August 1993 at

Technical University of Munchen / Weihenstephan held a large-scale, accelerating development project. In addition to its usual use as a feed, the removal of pomace water and the drying of pomace, and composting of pomace, alternatives to alternative uses such as combustion of pomace, pomace as a means of reaching hole in the bricks and extracting biogas from the pomace were explored. The lessons learned from this have not yet been applied in practice, and the findings are intended only for use in large quantities of marc.

A process that has long been known to translate the residues of one kind or another of fresh fruit into a form suitable for storage is drying to a water content of about 9%. Due to the high energy demand and the associated costs, Europe's crumbs are hardly drying up.

It is also known that the marc is stored in e.g. tropical silos, subjecting them to lactic acid boiling. The downside, however, is the relatively high investment costs for silo placement, as well as the large quantities of pomace required to fill such a silo.

It is an object of the invention to prepare, on the basis of the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the press, a feedingstuff with sufficient storage capacity, retained for at least a few months, and on the other hand cost-effective and can be transported in a preserved state.

This task of the invention is solved by loading and forcing the silt and / or fresh fruit residues of the molding, from which water has been partially removed, in airtight containers. The forcing of the forage agent required for preservation can be carried out either wholly in these conveyor vessels, and it may also be possible to load the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press from which the water has previously been partially removed and previously or partially silored, then, in transport containers, they are subjected to a subsequent or. final silencing. Not only does this store the feed easily and in fact odorless, or transport it quickly and with little work, it also reduces the cost of storage or storage. end-user silencing, since acid-laden airtight containers loaded and already silenced can be stored outdoors without further ado. Acid-resistant and non-airtight transport vessels, especially plastic containers, e.g. in the form of bags, barrels, containers and the like. When the term airtight container is used, it is understood to mean also containers with minor injuries, such as those occurring during the operation of vessels or also caused by animals, as long as the oxygen from the intruding air does not interfere of silencing.

Preferably, the feed agent has one or more of the following product characteristics: a dry matter content of about 30% by weight, a pH of 3 to 5, and a content of silage auxiliaries of up to 1%.

With a dry matter content of about 30% by weight, the energy input for removal of the water required for the manufacture of the feed can be kept within limits, but on the other hand, about 50% of the water content is removed and thus significantly improved or improved. we concentrate the feed. Water can be partially removed e.g. with compression. Especially for larger quantities, for reasons of economics, compression is preferred over other methods of partial water drainage (drying, evaporation, etc.), but if sufficient energy reserves are available, it is understood that partial water removal methods that are more energy efficient wasteful. The content of a silencing aid (eg biological lactic acid) of up to 1% by weight should suppress the development of rotting bacteria at an early stage. The pH of 3 to 5 also contributes to this, because in this acidity the rotting bacteria are mostly destroyed, while the lactic acid bacteria even exist at pH 3.

In the present case, it is also advantageous to additionally dress the acid-resistant and airtight transport containers in storage coats (ie big-packs, mammoth packs). These big-packs can be provided both before and after filling the shipping containers. This, in addition to facilitating loading, also prevents possible damage to transport containers (eg when using plastic bags) during storage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the feed preparation according to the invention, it is loaded into bags made of polyethylene which is stable on UV rays. The use of UV-stable polyethylene bags is advantageous in that they have sufficient stability on the one hand, are easily sealed and are acid resistant, and on the other hand they are easily stored and otherwise easy to empty.

For the preparation of the compound feed according to the invention, there is provided a device in which a water discharge device, preferably a worm press 2 for water drainage, is connected to the silo 1 through a pipeline; a discharge station 5 is connected to the discharge device at its outlet via filling port 3 for the pouring of residues and / or fresh fruit residues from which water has been partially removed into acid-proof and airtight containers, and at filling station 5 is optionally, a compacting station 4 for additional compression of the cane and / or fresh fruit axes 5 of the pressing tanks in transport containers.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the feed preparation apparatus according to the invention, several filling stations 5, 6 may be provided, which can result in significant savings in the preparation of the feed agent according to the invention, since, for example, if for example, for two filling stations, in one working operation in one of the filling stations of the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the press (optionally together with silencing aids) from which the water is partially removed, fill in the intended transport containers, when, at the same time in the second filling station, the contents of the transport container, which we have already filled in the previous work step, are compacted and then airtight. It is understood that three or more filling stations may also be provided, with the sequence of steps in a particular work step for a particular charging station for the three charging stations, for example, as follows: filling - compacting closing.

Preferably, the charging stations are arranged in a circular manner about the center axis a, with the charging nozzle 3 and the compacting device 4 rotating together about this center axis a. In this way, the work steps of filling - compacting the closure can be performed especially efficiently, even if there are few staff.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is further provided that the filling station 5, 6 is designed in the form of a compression basket for receiving a UV-stable polyethylene bag as an acid-resistant transport container, the polyethylene bag internally resting on the transport pallet. The removal of the filled bag, which is required after the airtight closure, is thus considerably simplified and can be carried out e.g. with conventional forklifts.

In the attached sketch sheet, FIG. 1 is a device for carrying out the process of the invention with a silo 1 to which a worm press 2 is connected to drain water. On the outlet side, this auger press 2 for water drainage is directed to the filler nozzle 3. The filler nozzle 3 is arranged so that it is rotated about the common center axis a with the bag press 4. To the left and right of this center axis a are compression baskets 5 and 6 in which UV-resistant polyethylene bags are inserted as acid-resistant transport containers;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1.

The feed agent of the invention is prepared in such a device by e.g. The beer marc from the silo 1 in the worm press 2 is pressurized to the desired content of the rest of the water and filled into the polyethylene bag via the filling adapter 3 (in Fig. 1, for example, in the sack contained in the press basket 5). At the same time, the polyethylene bag contained in the compression basket 6, which was filled in the previous working step, can be further compacted with the help of the bag press 4, and then sealed and drained a second time.

Example 1

A 400 m main beer silo main silo was fitted with a pneumatic wet silo transporter, which transports the sludge to a 10 m ³ intermediate silo about 35 m away. Below this intermediate silo, a squeegee is installed to drain water with a capacity of 10 t / h of wet marc, which removes water from the beer marc from about 20% of dry matter to a level of about 33% of dry matter (removal of about 50% of water content). The beer residues from which the water was removed were then filled into UV-stable polyethylene bags with the addition of one percent biological lactic acid as a silencing aid. The contents of the bag are pressed with the help of a bale press and the bag is sealed a second time. The filling quantity of the bag is about 600 kg (equivalent to about 1000 kg of wet grains).

Experiments have shown that the quality after 6 weeks of testing the feed according to the invention was excellent. According to a report by the Bundesanstalt fur alpenlandische Landwirtschaft Gumpenstein / Stmk. (Federal Institute for Mountain Agriculture Gumpenstein / Styria - Austria) The quality of the feed according to the invention obtained according to the example above corresponds to the silage of green fodder of the first mowing with the advantage of a very high protein content.

The feed according to the invention can also be prepared by one of the following methods.

Thus, the feedingstuff of the invention is characterized, for example, by the fact that it is obtained by partially removing water from the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the pressing, the marc and / or fresh fruit residues from which the water has been partially removed. acid resistant airtight containers and silo them in these transport containers. By silencing at the time of oxygen removal from the air, the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the pressing are left to lactic acid boiling, whereby lactic acid bacteria - e.g. v

Ί in the case of beer marc - the part of the carbohydrates that remain after separation of the mash (= beer state before filling the water) in the marc is cleaved into 2-hydroxypropionic acid (lactic acid), thus preventing the bacteria from causing rot. 2-Hydroxypropionic acid further acts as a preservative and thus sterilizes the pomace. Such a preserved and preferential feed can then be used, for example, for fattening cattle and pigs throughout the year. in pasture cattle in winter as full feed and in summer as additional feed. Following this path, for example, make excess supply of beer marc in the summer by forcing in small bundles (eg around 600 kg) to be sustainable and to make agriculture available in the winter months.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is contemplated that water be removed from the marc and / or fresh pressed fruit residues to a dry matter content of about 30% by weight. In this way, on the one hand, the energy demand for water drainage is completely maintained, and on the other hand, about 50% of the water content is eliminated.

In this regard, it should be preferred that partial drainage of water is carried out by pressing. Especially for larger quantities, economical reasons should give preference to other ways of partially separating water (drying, evaporating, etc.), but if energy reserves are sufficient, it is understood that more wasteful ways of partial water can be used.

It is also advantageous to add organic acids to the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the pressing process prior to filling as a silencing aid. This supplement is expected to prevent the development of rotting bacteria from an early stage. As organic acids, all non-toxic acids such as e.g. lactic acid, citric acid or acetic acid and the like.

Preferably organic acids are added up to pH 3 to 5. At this level of acidity, rotting bacteria are mostly killed, while lactic acid bacteria can withstand even at pH 3.

In the preferred embodiment, lactic acid, preferably of biological origin, is added as an auxiliary for silencing. This, on the one hand, prevents the development of rotting bacteria at an early stage, while on the other, there is no danger as to whether the lactic acid bacteria as well as, lastly, the livestock is carrying a silencing aid.

It is advantageous to add up to 1% by weight of a silencing aid.

In this case, it is also advantageous to equip acid-resistant and airtight transport containers with storage wrappers (i.e., big-pack [i]). These big-pack (s) can be provided both before and after filling the shipping containers. This facilitates transport and also reduces the risk of possible damage to transport containers (eg when using polyethylene bags) during storage.

Furthermore, it should be preferred that the marc and / or fresh fruit residues from which the water has been partially removed are filled into UV-stable polyethylene bags, compacted, airtight, and silenced in these polythene bags. The use of UV-stable polyethylene bags has the advantage that they have sufficient stability on the one hand, can be closed and are acid resistant, and on the other hand, when empty, are easily stored and are lightweight.

Claims (17)

Patent claims 1. Preparation of a forage from pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press, characterized in that water is removed from the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press, partly from the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press from which the water has been partially removed. in acid-resistant and airtight transport vessels and in these transport containers, the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the press from which water has been partially removed are silenced. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that water is partially removed from the marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the pressing to a dry matter content of about 30% by weight. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water is partially removed by pressing. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that organic acids are added to the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press from which water has been partially removed before packing. 5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that organic acids are added up to pH 3 to 5. A device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that lactic acid, preferably of biological origin, is added as an adjuvant. Device according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that up to 1% by weight of the silencing aid is added. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the acid-resistant, airtight transport vessels are additionally equipped with storage coats. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press are filled into UV-stable polyethylene bags, compacted, sealed and silenced in these polyethylene bags. 10. A pomace-based and / or fresh fruit residues of the press, characterized in that the pomace and / or fresh fruit residues of the press are loaded into and acidified in acid-resistant and airtight transport containers. Feed agent according to claim 10, characterized in that the feed agent has one or more of the following characteristics: dry matter content of about 30% by weight, pH 3 to 5, silage auxiliary content up to 1% by weight. Feed agent according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the acid-resistant and airtight transport vessels are additionally coated with a storage sheath. Feed agent according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the feed agent is loaded into UV-stable polyethylene bags. Apparatus for the preparation of feed material based on marc and / or fresh fruit residues of the press, characterized in that the device for draining water, preferably a worm press (2) for extruding water, is connected by pipeline to the silo (1) and to the device (2) a discharge station (5) is connected to the outlet side of the outlet side through the filling port (3) for the introduction of marc and / or fresh fruit residues from which partial water has been removed into acid-resistant and airtight transport containers; In addition, at the filling station (5), a compacting device (4) is provided for additional compression of the marc and / or fresh fruit residues from which the water has been partially removed from the transport container. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that several filling stations (5, 6) are provided. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the filling stations (5, 6) are arranged in a circular manner around the central axis (a), whereby the filling attachment (3) and the compacting device (4) can be rotated together about this middle axis (s). Device according to one of Claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the filling device (5, 6) is designed in the form of a compression basket for receiving a UV-stable polyethylene bag as an acid-resistant transport container.