SI9111395A - Device and process for the laser welding of a tube - Google Patents
Device and process for the laser welding of a tube Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Priprava za lasersko varjenje cevi (14) vzdolž njene notranje površine s sondo (1), ki se jo da vstaviti v cev (14), obsega sredstva (73-76), razporejena znotraj sonde (1), s katerimi se del zaščitnega plinskega toka, ki teče v njeni notranjosti, odcepi pred dostopom izstopne odprtine (45) za fokusirani in preusmerjeni snop (59) laserskih žarkov, in se kot komponenta tečenja, usmerjena proč od izstopne odprtine (45), odvaja na zunanjo površino sonde (1). S tem se pri varjenju zmanjša odlaganje delcev raztaIjene kovine v področju izstopne odprtine (45) in v notranjosti sonde (1).Laser tube welding device (14) along its inner surfaces with a removable probe (1) into tube (14), comprises means (73-76) arranged inside the probe (1), with which part of the protective the gas flow that flows inside it drains before access exit outlet (45) for focused and a redirected beam (59) of laser beams, and angle a component of the flow directed away from the outlet openings (45), discharge to the outer surface of the probe (1). S this reduces the deposition of particle particles during welding metals in the outlet area (45) and in inside the probe (1).
Description
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFTSIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Priprava in postopek laserskega varjenja ceviLaser tube welding preparation and process
Izum se nanaša na pripravo in postopek laserskega varjenja cevi vzdolž njenega notranjega oboda s sondo, ki se jo da vstaviti v cev.The invention relates to the preparation and process of laser welding of a tube along its inner circumference with a tube that can be inserted into the tube.
Priprava za lasersko varjenje cevi s sondo, ki se jo da vstaviti v cev, je znana npr. iz EP-A1-0 300 458. Tamkaj opisana sonda je z vodnikom svetlobnih valov povezana z Nd:YAG togotelesnim laserjem. Laserska svetloba, izstopajoča znotraj sonde iz konca vodnika svetlobnih valov, se z lečjem, sestoječim iz več leč, in preusmeijevalnim zrcalom fokusira na zunaj sonde ležeče gorišče. Preusmerjevalno zrcalo je pod kotom 45° nagnjeno proti vzdolžni osi sonde in odkloni laserski žarek, ki je fokusiran z lečjem ter se razširja znotraj sonde med lečjem in preusmeijevalnim zrcalom, za 90°. Odklonjeni laserski žarek zapusti sondo skozi valjasto izstopno odprtino, radialno razporejeno v ohišju sonde. Laserski žarki, ki so fokusirani na notranji površini cevi, ki jo je potrebno variti, trčijo pri tem neposredno nasproti izstopne odprtine v središču pravokotno na notranjo površino.A device for laser welding of a tube with a tube that can be inserted into a tube is known e.g. from EP-A1-0 300 458. The probe described therein is coupled to a Nd: YAG rigid laser by a light wave guide. The laser light exiting inside the probe from the end of the light wave guide focuses on the focal point outside the probe with the lens consisting of several lenses and a deflection mirror. The deflection mirror is inclined at 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the probe and deflects a laser beam that is focused by the lens and extends inside the probe between the lens and the deflecting mirror by 90 °. The deflected laser beam exits the probe through a cylindrical outlet radially arranged in the probe housing. The laser beams, which are focused on the inner surface of the tube to be welded, collide directly opposite the outlet in the center at right angles to the inner surface.
Pri tej znani pripravi se s tem bistveni delež laserskega svetlobnega snopa, zadevajočega notranjo površino cevi, odbija v sebe in s tem v notranjost sonde. To vodi k dodatni toplotni obremenitvi znotraj sonde razporejenih optičnih komponent. Ker se izstopna odprtina za laserski žarek nahaja neposredno nasproti varilnega mesta, se lahko varilna para ali varilna plazma, zlasti pa pri uporabi pulzirajočega laserja iz taline sproščene kaplje usedajo na preusmerjevalnem zrcalu in izstopni odprtini, s čimer se bistveno skrajša življenjska doba sonde.In this known preparation, a substantial proportion of the laser beam affecting the inner surface of the tube is thereby reflected into itself and thereby into the interior of the probe. This leads to an additional thermal load within the probe of the arranged optical components. Because the laser beam exit port is directly opposite the welding spot, the welding vapor or welding plasma, and especially when using a pulsed laser from the melt, released droplets can settle on the diversion mirror and the exit opening, thereby significantly shortening the life of the probe.
Naloge izuma so podati pripravo in postopek laserskega valjenja cevi vzdolž njenega notranjega oboda s sondo, ki se jo da vstaviti v cev, s katerima se v pretežni meri zmanjša toplotno obremenitev v sondi razporejenih optičnih komponent in usedanje varilne pare na preusmerjevalnem zrcalu ter v območju izstopne odprtine.It is an object of the invention to provide a preparation and method of laser rolling of a tube along its inner circumference with a tube that can be inserted into the tube, which substantially reduces the thermal load in the probe of the disposed optical components and the deposition of welding vapor on the diverting mirror and in the exit zone openings.
Omenjene naloge se po izumu vsakokrat reši z značilnostmi patentnega zahtevka 1 oz. 16. Ker je za fokusiranje in odklanjanje snopa laserskih žarkov, ki se znotraj sonde razširjajo v bistvu vzdolž njene vzdolžne osi, predviden vsaj eden optični element, ki tvori v zunaj sonde ležečem gorišču fokusiran snop laserskih žarkov, katerega smer šiijenja je orientirana poševno glede na vzdolžno os, je praktično preprečen odboj laserskih žarkov, zadevajočih na varilno mesto, v notranjost sonde. Kot optični elementi se pri tem razume optične komponente, s katerimi se da spremeniti smer šiijenja laserskega žarka, npr. piano zrcalo, konkavno zrcalo ali leče. Laserski žarki, odbiti od notranje površine cevi, naletijo po odboju zgolj na zunanji plašč sonde, ki je neobčutljiv na toplotne obremenitve. S poševno vezavo preusmerjenega snopa laserskih žarkov se poleg tega izognemo postavitvi izstopne odprtine neposredno nasproti varilnega mesta, tako da je zmanjšano usedanje varilne pare v območju izstopne odprtine in na optične elemente.Said tasks according to the invention are each solved by the features of claim 1 or 2. 16. Since at least one optical element is provided to focus and deflect a beam of laser beams extending substantially along its longitudinal axis, which forms a beam of laser beams focused outside the probe lying centered obliquely with respect to the propagation direction. longitudinal axis, the reflection of the laser beams affecting the welding spot inside the probe is virtually prevented. Optical components are understood to mean optical components which can change the direction of laser beam propagation, e.g. piano mirror, concave mirror or lens. The laser beams, reflected from the inner surface of the tube, encounter after reflection only on the outer casing of the probe, which is insensitive to thermal stress. By obliquely attaching the diverted beam of laser beams, the placement of the exit port directly opposite the welding spot is avoided, so that the deposition of welding steam in the exit port area and onto the optical elements is reduced.
Po prednostni izvedbi je predviden optični element, ki povzroča poševno naprej h glavi sonde preusmerjen snop laserskih žarkov.According to a preferred embodiment, an optical element is provided which causes a beam of laser beams to be diverted forward towards the probe head.
Nagibni kot preusmerjenega laserskega žarka glede na vzdolžno os sonde znaša prednostno med 60° in 80°. S tem je zagotovljeno, da je tudi pri veliki izstopni odprtini za lasersko svetlobo praktično preprečen odboj laserske svetlobe v notranjost sonde.The tilting angle of the deflected laser beam with respect to the longitudinal axis of the probe is preferably between 60 ° and 80 °. This ensures that even with a large laser light outlet, the reflection of the laser light into the probe is virtually prevented.
Po prednostni zasnovi izuma je v sondi za preusmerjanje fokusiranega laserskega žarka predvideno preusmerjevalno zrcalo z ravno zrcalno ploskvijo, katerega ploskovna normala oklepa glede na vzdolžno os sonde kot, ki je večji od 45°, prednostno pa znaša med 50° in 60°.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a directional laser beam deflection mirror is provided in the focused laser beam deflection probe, whose plane normal encloses an angle greater than 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the probe, preferably between 50 ° and 60 °.
Po nadaljnji zasnovi izuma je predvideno konkavno preusmerjevalno zrcalo, ki je predvideno tako za fokusiranje kot tudi za preusmerjanje laserskega žarka, ki se širi v sredini vzdolž vzdolžne osi sonde. S tem je prečni prerez snopa laserskih žarkov, padajočih na preusmerjevalno zrcalo, povečan glede na izvedbo z ravnim preusmerjevalnim zrcalom. Moč sevanja na ploskovno enoto, zadevajoča na preusmerjevalno zrcalo, in s tem tudi lokalno segretje preusmeijevalnega zrcala sta s tem zmanjšana.According to a further embodiment of the invention, a concave redirecting mirror is provided for both focusing and redirection of a laser beam propagating in the center along the longitudinal axis of the probe. Thereby, the cross-section of the beam of laser beams incident on the deflection mirror is enlarged relative to the design with a flat deflection mirror. The radiating power per plane unit affecting the deflection mirror and thus the local heating of the deflection mirror are thus reduced.
Pri nadaljnji prednostni izvedbi so za izboljšanje optičnih lastnosti optičnega sistema pri sondi, ki je z vodnikom svetlobnih valov optično povezana z laserjem, med koncem vodnika optičnih valov in konkavnim preusmerjevalnim zrcalom predvidena sredstva za kolimacijo iz vodnika svetlobnih valov izstopajočega snopa laserskih žarkov.In a further preferred embodiment, means for collimation from the light wave guide of the outgoing laser beam beam are provided to improve the optical properties of the optical system for a probe which is optically coupled to the laser by a waveguide probe between the end of the optical waveguide and the concave diversion mirror.
Predvideno je zlasti preusmerjevalno zrcalo iz materiala z visoko toplotno prevodnostjo, prednostno bakra (Cu).In particular, a diversion mirror of a high thermal conductivity material, preferably copper (Cu), is provided.
S temi ukrepi se nadalje zmanjša toplotno obremenitev preusmerjevalnega zrcala in s tem dodatno zveča trajnost odbojnega sloja.These measures further reduce the thermal load on the reversing mirror and further increase the durability of the reflecting layer.
Po prednostni izvedbi je za povezavo preusmerjenega snopa laserskih žarkov iz sonde predvidena izstopna odprtina, ki iz nje izstopajočemu zaščitnemu plinskemu toku podeli osno usmerjeno tokovno komponento.According to a preferred embodiment, an outlet opening is provided to connect the diverted beam of laser beams from the probe, which assigns an axially directed current component to the protruding gas stream exiting it.
Usedanje uparjene varilne snovi na preusmerjevalno zrcalo se po nadaljnji zasnovi izuma dodatno zmanjša s tem, da so predvidena sredstva, s katerimi se od zaščitnega plinskega toka, ki se širi znotraj sonde, na izstopni odprtini odcepi delni plinski tok in vodi po kanalih, ležečih znotraj sonde.The deposition of the vaporized welding agent on the diversion mirror is further reduced by the further design of the invention by providing that means are provided to extract a partial gas stream from the shielding gas stream propagating inside the probe and to flow through the channels lying inside probes.
Predvideno je zlasti, da kanali segajo v izrez preusmeijevalnega zrcala, ki se nahaja neposredno nasproti izstopne odprtine.In particular, the channels are projected to extend into the recess of the diverting mirror located directly opposite the exit port.
Po nadaljnji prednostni zasnovi izuma so poleg tega v sondi predvideni tokovni kanali, s katerimi se del zaščtinega plina, ki teče znotraj sonde v smeri k preusmerjevalnemu zrcalu, pred dosego preusmerjevalnega zrcala odcepi in z osno tokovno komponento vodi k zunanji površini sonde. S tem nastane med sondo in cevjo osni zaščitni plinski tok, ki dodatno zmanjša usedanje varilne pare na sondo in preusmerjevalno zrcalo. Po prednostni izvedbi so predvidena sredstva za nastavitev količinskega razmeja obeh delnih plinskih tokov.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the probe also provides flow channels by which a portion of the shielding gas flowing inside the probe in the direction of the diversion mirror is cleaved before reaching the diversion mirror and leads to the outer surface of the probe with the axis current component. This creates an axial shielding gas stream between the probe and the tube, which further reduces the deposition of welding steam on the probe and the diversion mirror. According to a preferred embodiment, means are provided for adjusting the volume ratio of the two partial gas flows.
Pri postopku za lasersko varjenje cevi vzdolž njenega notranjega oboda s sondo, ki se jo da vstaviti v cev, se snop laserskih žarkov, ki se širi znotraj sonde v bistvu vzdolž njene vzdolžne osi, preusmeri poševno glede na vzdolžno os in fokusira na mesto na notranjem obodu cevi.In the process of laser welding of a tube along its inner circumference with a tube that can be inserted into the tube, the beam of laser beams propagating inside the probe substantially along its longitudinal axis is rotated obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis and focuses on the location on the inner the perimeter of the tube.
Varilno mesto se zlasti fluidno obdaja z zaščitnim plinskim tokom, ki obsega osno, od izstopne odprtine za preusmerjeni in fokusirani snop laserskih žarkov proč usmerjeno tokovno komponento.In particular, the welding point is fluidly surrounded by a shielding gas stream comprising an axial, from the outlet opening to a diverted and focused beam of laser beams away from the directional current component.
Po nadaljnji prednostni zasnovi postopka se del zaščitnega plina, ki znotraj sonde teče k izstopni odprtini, pred dosego izstopne odprtine odcepi in z osno tokovno komponento vodi v vmesni prostor, nahajajoč se med cevjo in sondo.Following a further preferred design of the process, a portion of the shielding gas that flows within the probe to the outlet opening is cleaved before reaching the outlet opening, and is guided to the intermediate space between the tube and the probe with the axial current component.
Dodatno zmanjšanje usedanja varilne snovi na preusmerjevalno zrcalo se doseže s tem, da se od zaščitnega plina, ki znotraj sonde teče k izstopni odprtini, znotraj sonde na izstopni odprtini odcepi nadaljnji delni plinski tok z osno usmerjeno tokovno komponento.An additional reduction in the deposition of the welding agent on the diversion mirror is achieved by separating a further partial gas stream with an axially directed current component from the shielding gas flowing within the probe to the outlet opening within the probe at the outlet opening.
Po nadaljnji prednostni izvedbi postopka je predvidena uporaba togotelesnega kontinuirnega laseija (cw način delovanja). S tem se prepreči izločanje kapelj iz varilne taline.Following a further preferred embodiment of the process, the use of a rigid continuous laser (cw mode) is envisaged. This prevents the droplets from being removed from the welding melt.
Za nadaljnjo pojasnitev izuma se sklicujemo na izvedbene primere načrta, kjer kaže sl. 1 v cev vtaknjeno sondo po izumu v vzdolžnem prerezu, sl. 2, 3 in 4 vsakokrat povečan detajl prednostne zasnove sonde v območju preusmerjevalne naprave.For further explanation of the invention, reference is made to embodiments of the plan, where FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the probe of the invention, FIG. 2, 3 and 4 each enlarged detail of the preferred probe design in the area of the diversion device.
Ustrezno sl. 1 vsebuje sonda 1 po izumu centrimo enoto 2, preusmerjevalno enoto 4, fokusirno enoto 6 kot tudi pogonsko enoto 8, ki so razporejene druga za drugo vzdolž vzdolžne osi 10 sonde 1. Sonda 1 je vstavljena v cev 12, ki jo je potrebno obdelati, in štrli s svojim oglavnim delom, obsegajočim preusmerjevalno enoto 4, v notranjost v cev 12 vtaknjene spojne cevi 14, ki naj se jo zvari s cevjo 12.In accordance with FIG. 1 contains a probe 1 of the invention centering unit 2, a diversion unit 4, a focusing unit 6 as well as a drive unit 8 arranged one after the other along the longitudinal axis 10 of the probe 1. The probe 1 is inserted into a tube 12 to be machined, and projecting, with its head, comprising the diversion unit 4, into the tube 12 of the plug-in connecting tube 14 to be welded with the tube 12.
Centrirna enota 2 obsega gred 21, ki je na tistem koncu sonde 1, ki leži s strani glave, s krogelnimi ležaji 22 vrtljivo uležajena na preusmerjevalni enoti 4 in s kapasto matico 23 fiksirana v osni smeri. Centrirna enota obsega vsaj tri kolesa 24, od katerih sta na sl. predstavljena le dva, ki so preko vrtilnega zgibnega pogona vsakokrat vzmetno uležajeni z dvema zgiboma 25. Zgiba 25 tvorita par krakov enakokrakega trikotnika in se stikata v vrtilnem zgibu 26, ki sprejema kolo 24. Na gredi 21 sta zgiba 25 prav tako premakljivo uležajena z vrtilnima zgiboma 28. Eden od teh dveh vrtilnih zgibov 28 je silosklepno povezan z gibljivo prirobnico 29, ki obdaja gred 21. Na gredi 21 je na njenem prostem koncu pritrjena nadaljnja prirobnica 30. Med prirobnico 29 in prirobnico 30 je razporejena spiralna vzmet 31, tako da sledi radialno navznot usmerjeno gibanje kolesa 26 nasproti delovanju te spiralne vzmeti 31. Na gredi 21 razporejena distančna tulka 27 preprečuje zložitev vrtilnega zgiba 26 in olajša vnos sonde 1 v cev 12.The centering unit 2 comprises a shaft 21 which, at the end of the probe 1, which lies on the side of the head, with ball bearings 22 rotatably mounted on the diversion unit 4 and fixed with a cap nut 23 in the axial direction. The centering unit comprises at least three wheels 24, of which in FIG. only two are represented, which are spring-loaded with two joints each time via a rotary articulation actuator 25. The articulation 25 forms a pair of arms of the same triangle and interconnects in the articulation 26, which receives the wheel 24. On the shaft 21, the articulation 25 is also movably mounted with the articulation joints 28. One of these two pivot joints 28 is silosily connected to a movable flange 29 surrounding the shaft 21. A further flange 30 is attached to its free end 30 at its free end 30. A helical spring 31 is arranged between the flange 29 and the flange 30 such that followed by radially inwardly directed movement of the wheel 26 opposite to the action of this helical spring 31. On the shaft 21, the spacer sleeve 27 arranged prevents the pivot joint 26 from being folded and facilitates the insertion of probe 1 into the tube 12.
Preusmerjevalna enota 4 obsega valjasto ohišje 40, v katerem je razporejeno preusmerjevalno zrcalo 41. Slednje sestoji iz masivnega valjastega bakrenega bloka, ki na svojem k centrirni enoti 2 obrnjenem koncu obsega prirobnično razširitev 42, katera je namenjena osni pritrditvi preusmeijevalnega zrcala 41 s kapasto matico 43. Bakreni blok je na svojem od prirobnične razširitve 42 proč obrnjenem koncu opremljen s poševno k svoji vzdolžni osi orientirano čelno ploskvijo. Ta čelna ploskev je oslojena z zrcalno prevleko in tvori zrcalno ploskev 44. Kot zrcalna prevleka je predviden npr. dielektricni sloj, prednostno titanov nitrid (TiN), ali kovinski sloj, prednostno naparjeno zlato (Au). Odbojni sloj je lahko dodatno opremljen še z zaščitnim slojem iz kvarca.The diversion unit 4 comprises a cylindrical housing 40 in which a diverting mirror 41 is arranged. The latter consists of a massive cylindrical copper block having a flange extension 42 at its center unit 2 facing the axial attachment of the diverter mirror 41 with a cap 41 with a cap 41. The copper block is provided with an obliquely oriented front face, inclined towards its longitudinal axis, at its flange extension 42 away from the facing end. This front surface is devoid of a mirror coating and forms a mirror surface 44. For example, a mirror coating is provided, e.g. a dielectric layer, preferably titanium nitride (TiN), or a metal layer, preferably evaporated gold (Au). The reflective layer may be further equipped with a quartz protective layer.
Zrcalna ploskev 44 je znotraj sonde 1 razporejena tako, da njena normala 18 z vzdolžno osjo 10 sonde oklepa kot/3p kije večji od 45°, prednostno pa znaša med 50° in 60°. Snop 58 laserskih žarkov, ki se širi v sredini vzdolž vzdolžne osi 10 in zadeva ob zrcalno ploskev 44, se s tem preusmeri poševno naprej. Središčni žarek preusmerjenega snopa 59 laserskih žarkov izstopi glede na vzdolžno os 10 pod kotom β2, ki leži med 60° in 80°, iz ohišja 40 skozi izstopno odprtino 45. V primeru na sl. je kot izstopna odprtina 45 predvidena prav tako poševno k vzdolžni osi 10 potekajoča izvrtina.The mirror surface 44 is arranged within probe 1 such that its normal 18 with the longitudinal axis 10 of the probe encloses an angle of / 3 p greater than 45 °, preferably between 50 ° and 60 °. The beam of 58 laser beams, which propagates in the middle along the longitudinal axis 10 and hits the mirror surface 44, is thereby diverted obliquely. The center beam of the diverted beam 59 of the laser beams exits relative to the longitudinal axis 10 at an angle β 2 lying between 60 ° and 80 ° from the housing 40 through the exit opening 45. In the case of FIG. a running hole is provided as an exit opening 45, also inclined to the longitudinal axis 10.
Preusmerjevalno zrcalo 41 je razen tega proti zavrtitvi v ohišju 40 varovano z vzporedno k njegovi vzdolžni osi 10 potekajočim utorom 46 kot tudi moznikom 47.In addition, the diversion mirror 41 is secured against a rotation in the housing 40 by a groove 46 extending parallel to its longitudinal axis 10, as well as a dowel 47.
Z uporabo masivnega bakrenega bloka kot preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 se zmanjša segrevanje zrcalne površine z laserskim žarkom 58 in podaljša življenjska doba zrcalne prevleke.Using a massive copper block as a diversion mirror 41 reduces the heating of the mirror surface by laser beam 58 and extends the life of the mirror coating.
Ohišje 40 preusmerjevalne enote 4 je na svojem od preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 proč obrnjenem koncu na notranjem obodu opremljeno z zobatim vencem 48, v katerega prijemlje s pogonsko enoto 8 gnan pastorek 49. Ta pastorek 49 je torzijskosklepno povezan z gibko gredjo 50, ki je sklopljena s pogonsko gredjo v pogonski enoti 8 razporejenega elektromotorja 81. Preko pastorka 49, gnanega z elektromotorjem 81, se ohišje 40 prestavi v vrtilno gibanje, tako da se mesto F, na katerega trči izstopajoči snop 59 laserskih žarkov na notranji plašč spojne cevi 14, ki jo je potrebno zvariti, giblje v obodni smeri in opise krožnico.The housing 40 of the diversion unit 4 is equipped with a toothed ring 48 at its end from the diversion mirror 41 away from the inverted end, into which a driven pinion 49 is gripped by the drive unit 8. This pinion 49 is torsionally coupled to a flexible shaft 50 which is coupled to the drive shaft in the drive unit 8 of the disposed electric motor 81. Through a pinion 49 driven by the electric motor 81, the housing 40 is rotated in such a way that the location F, which exits the output beam 59 of the laser beams, onto the inner jacket of the connecting tube 14, which it needs to be welded, moving in a circumferential direction and describing a circle.
Med preusmerjevalno enoto 4 in pogonsko enoto 8 je razporejena fokusirna enota 6, katere ohišje 60 je togo povezano z ohišjem 80 pogonske enote 8. Ohišje 60 obsega osrednjo izvrtino 61, v katero je na strani, obrnjeni k pogonski enoti 8, vstavljena tulka 62 za sprejem vodnika 63 svetlobnih valov. Vodnik 63 svetlobnih valov sega s svojim prostim koncem 64 v izvrtino 61 in se osno centrira s tulko 62. S svojim drugim koncem je vodnik 63 svetlobnih valov priključen na neprikazan laser, prednostno togotelesni laser, zlasti na Nd:YAG togotelesni laser.A focus unit 6 is arranged between the diversion unit 4 and the drive unit 8, the housing 60 of which is rigidly connected to the housing 80 of the drive unit 8. The housing 60 comprises a central bore 61 into which a sleeve 62 is inserted on the side facing the drive unit 8. receiving a guide of 63 light waves. The guide of the light waves 63 extends with its free end 64 into the bore 61 and is centered axially with the sleeve 62. With its other end, the guide of the light waves 63 is connected to a non-displayed laser, preferably a rigid laser, in particular an Nd: YAG rigid laser.
Na k preusmerjevalnemu zrcalu 41 obrnjenem koncu fokusime enote 6 je razporejen fokusirni element, prednostno leča 65 ali lečje, ki fokusira iz konca 64 vodnika 63 svetlobnih valov izstopajoč divergenten snop 57 laserskih žarkov. Položaj gorišča F snopa 59 laserskih žarkov se da nastaviti s spremembo odmika med koncem 64 in lečo 65.A focusing element, preferably a lens 65 or a lens focusing from the end 64 of the light-waveguide conduit 64, a prominent divergent beam 57 of laser beams is disposed on the facing mirror 41 of the facing end of the focus unit 6. The position of the focal point F of the laser beam beam 59 can be adjusted by varying the distance between the end 64 and the lens 65.
Ohišje 40 obdaja ohišje 60 v območju leče 65 in je s kroglastimi ležaji 66 in distančnimi tulkami 68 vrtljivo uležajeno na ohišju 60 ter z njim osno silosklepno povezano. Z vrtenjem pastorka 49 se tako prestavi v vrtenje le ohišje 40, ki nosi preusmerjevalno enoto 41. Leča 65 in vodnik 63 svetlobnih valov ne sodelujeta pri tem vrtilnem gibanju.The housing 40 surrounds the housing 60 in the area of the lens 65 and is rotatably mounted on the housing 60 and pivotally connected to it by a ball bearing 66 and spacer sleeves 68. By rotating the stepson 49, only the housing 40, which carries the conversion unit 41, is rotated. The lens 65 and the conductor 63 of the light wave are not involved in this rotational motion.
Lečo 65 nosi več medsebojno silosklepno povezanih in nevrtečih se ohišnih delov 60a, 60b, 60c, ki štrlijo v notranjost ohišja 40. Ohišna dela 60b in 60c tvorita približno kot črka V zasnovan vmesni prostor 71, ki je z izvrtinami 78a povezan s tokovnim kanalom 70, razporejenim v ohišnem delu 60c. Ta tokovni kanal 70 vodi zaščitni plin, npr. argon, v vmesni prostor 71, nahajajoč se med lečo 65 in prostim koncem 64 vodnika 63 svetlobnih valov. V tokovni kanal 70 je vstavljena reducirna šoba 77, ki zoži prečni prerez. Zaščitni plin, ki teče v tokovnem kanalu 70 nad reducirno šobo 77, vstopi v vmesni prostor 71 skozi izvrtine 78a, zapusti vmesni prostor 71 skozi nadaljnje izvrtine 78b v ohišnem delu 60b, izstopi v obročast kanal 79 in od tam nadaljuje v vmesni prostor 72, nahajajoč se med lečo 65 in preusmerjevalnim zrcalom.The lens 65 bears several interlocking silos interconnected and non-rotatable housing parts 60a, 60b, 60c projecting into the housing 40. The housing parts 60b and 60c form an intermediate space 71, which is connected to the holes 70a by means of holes 78a connected to the flow channel 70 arranged in housing part 60c. This flow channel 70 is guided by a shielding gas, e.g. argon, into intermediate space 71, located between the lens 65 and the free end 64 of the conductor 63 light waves. A reduction nozzle 77 is inserted into the flow channel 70, which narrows the cross-section. The shielding gas flowing in the flow channel 70 above the reducing nozzle 77 enters the intermediate space 71 through the holes 78a, leaves the intermediate space 71 through further holes 78b in the housing part 60b, exits into the annular channel 79 and then proceeds to the intermediate space 72, located between the lens 65 and the deflection mirror.
Zaščitni plin, ki na takšen način obteka lečo 65 in teče mimo preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41, zapusti sondo skozi izstopno odprtino 45. S tem se z zaščitnim plinom ne opiha le varilno mesto, temveč pride poleg tega tudi do hlajenja optičnih elementov, na katere udarjata laserska žarka 57 in 58. Razen tega se z navzven usmerjenim zaščitnim plinskim tokom prepreči usedanje varilne pare na preusmerjevalno zrcalo.The shielding gas, which thus flows through the lens 65 and flows past the diversion mirror 41, exits the probe through the outlet opening 45. This not only purifies the shielding gas, but also cools the optical elements affected by the laser. beams 57 and 58. In addition, the outwardly directed shielding gas stream prevents the welding steam from depositing on the diverting mirror.
ΊΊ
Pri primer po sl. je izstopna odprtina 45 tvoijena z izvrtino v steni ohišja 40, usmerjeno poševno naprej. S tem dodatno prejme zaščitni plin, ki teče skozi izstopno odprtino 45, osno tokovno komponento, ki podpira odvajanje varilne pare iz območja izstopne odprtine 45.In the example of FIG. the outlet opening 45 is a slit with a bore in the housing wall 40, inclined forward. In addition, it receives a shielding gas that flows through the outlet opening 45, an axial current component that supports the discharge of welding steam from the outlet opening area 45.
Tokovni kanal 70 je poleg tega povezan z radialnim odcepnim tokovnim kanalom 73, ki sega v obročast utor 74 ohišje 60 obdajajoče tulke 75. Tulka 75 tvori kot mašeta zasnovano razširitev sonde 1. Vzporedno z vzdolžno osjo 10 sonde 1 je tulka 75 opremljena z več izvrtinami 76, ki vzpostavljajo povezavo k obročastemu utoru 74. Skozi prečni kanal 73 se od zaščitnega plinskega toka, ki vstopa izhajajoč od pogonske enote 8 v tokovni kanal 70, odcepi radialni delni plinski tok, ki se v obročastem utoru 74 preusmeri v osno smer in na čelni ploskvi tulke 75, obrnjeni k preusmeijevalni enoti 4, izstopa v kanal, nahajajoč se med cevjo 12 in zunanjim plaščem sonde 1. S tem je v območju varilnega mesta zagotovljeno vzdrževanje učinkovite atmosfere zaščitnega plina. Razen tega se pri taljenju nastala varilna para z osnim tokom učinkovito odvaja od varilnega mesta, s čimer se zmanjša nevarnost usedanja varilne pare v notranjosti sonde 1.The flow channel 70 is further connected to a radial branch flow channel 73 extending into the annular groove 74 of the housing 60 of the circumferential sleeve 75. The sleeve 75 forms a fan-shaped extension of the probe 1. In parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 of the probe 1, the sleeve 75 is provided with several holes. 76, connecting to the annular groove 74. A radial partial gas stream is discharged through the transverse channel 73 entering from the propulsion unit 8 into the flow channel 70, which is diverted in the annular groove 74 to the axial direction and to the front face of the sleeve 75 facing the diverter unit 4 exits into the channel located between the tube 12 and the outer jacket of the probe 1. This ensures a safe gas atmosphere in the welding area. In addition, when melted, the resulting axial-flow welding steam is effectively separated from the welding point, thus reducing the risk of the welding steam depositing inside the probe 1.
Za nastavitev količinskega razmerja med zaščitnim plinskim tokom, ki se pretaka znotraj sonde 1 k preusmerjevalnemu zrcalu 41, in radialno navzven odvedenim zaščitnim plinskim tokom je predvidena v tokovni kanal 70 vstavljena reducima šoba 77.To adjust the volume ratio between the shielding gas stream flowing inside the probe 1 to the diversion mirror 41 and the radially outward shielding gas stream, a reducing nozzle 77 is provided in the flow channel 70.
Ohišje 80 pogonske enote 8 je na svojem od fokusirne enote 6 proč obrnjenem koncu predvidena za sprejem neprikazane potisne gibke cevi, skozi katero se k sondi vodi zaščitni plin in sprejme vode 82, ki so potrebni za vodnik 63 svtlobnih valov in električno oskrbo elektromotorja 81.The housing 80 of the drive unit 8 is provided at its end of the focusing unit 6 away from the facing end to receive a non-shown thrust hose through which a shielding gas is fed to the probe and receives the water 82 required for the guide wave guide 63 and the electrical supply to the electric motor 81.
Pri izvedbenem primeru po sl. 2 je preusmerjevalno zrcalo 41 opremljeno s središčno izvrtino 51, ki izhajajoč od prirobnične razširitve 42 vodi v notranjost preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 in je povezana z izvrtino 52, potekajočo poševno navzven in na zrcalni ploskvi 44 v območju izstopne odprtine 45 izstopajočo v izrez 56. Prirobnična razširitev 42 je na svoji h kapasti matici 43 obrnjeni čelni strani opremljena z več radialnimi utori 54. Ti radialni utori 54 tvorijo povezavo med osrednjo izvrtino 51 in znotraj kapaste matice 43 poševno navzven potekajočimi izvrtinami 55.In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the diversion mirror 41 is provided with a center bore 51, which, starting from the flange extension 42, leads to the interior of the diversion mirror 41 and is connected to the bore 52, extending obliquely outwards and extending into the recess 56 in the area of the exit opening 45. 42 is provided with a plurality of radial grooves 54 on its hinged nut 43 facing the front face. These radial grooves 54 form a connection between the central bore 51 and the outwardly extending bore 55 inside the cap nut 43.
Zaščitni plinski tok, ki se širi vzdolž preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 znotraj ohišja 40, se tako pred zapustitvijo ohišja skozi izstopno odprtino 45 še enkrat razcepi. Delni plinski tok prispe skozi izvrtino 52 v izvrtino 51 preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 in izstopi skozi izvrtine 55 v kapasti matici 43 iz sonde 1. S tem plinskim tokom v notranjosti preusmeijevalnega zrcala 41 se izboljša hlajenje preusmerjevalnega zrcala 41 in podaljša njegovo življenjsko dobo.The shielding gas stream propagating along the diversion mirror 41 inside the housing 40 is thus split again before leaving the housing through the outlet opening 45. Partial gas flow enters through bore 52 into bore 51 of the diversion mirror 41 and exits through the bore 55 in the cap nut 43 from probe 1. This gas stream inside the diversion mirror 41 improves cooling of the diversion mirror 41 and extends its life.
Izstopna odprtina 45 in izrez 56 sta priključena neposredno drug na drugega, tako da se izognemo mrtvemu prostoru, ki ga obtekajoči zaščitni plin ne bi zajel. Takšni mrtvi prostori med preusmerjevalnim zrcalom 41 in ohišno steno, v kateri je razporejena izstopna odprtina 45, bi namreč vodili k vrtinčenju in s tem k povečanju usedanja varilne snovi na zrcalno ploskev 44.The outlet opening 45 and the recess 56 are connected directly to each other so as to avoid a dead space that would not be covered by the leakage shielding gas. Such dead spaces between the diversion mirror 41 and the housing wall in which the outlet opening 45 is arranged would lead to a vortex and thereby increase the deposition of the welding substance on the mirror surface 44.
S sl. se poleg tega vidi, da iz sonde 1 izstopajoči snop 59 laserskih žarkov v gorišču F naleti poševno na površino cevi 14. Med normalami 16, izhajajočimi iz gorišča F in stoječimi pravokotno na notranjo površino cevi 14, in srednjim žarkom izstopajočega laserskega snopa 59 je prednostno predviden kot β3, ki znaša med 10° in 30°.FIG. it is further apparent from probe 1 that the projecting beam 59 of the laser beams in the focus F is inclined obliquely to the surface of the tube 14. Between the normals 16 emanating from the focus F and standing perpendicularly to the inner surface of the tube 14 and the median beam of the projecting laser beam 59, it is preferred predicted as β 3 between 10 ° and 30 °.
V izvedbenem primeru po sl. 3 je v preusmerjevalni enoti 4 predvideno preusmerjevalno zrcalo 141, katerega zrcalna ploskev 144 je konakvno ukrivljena. Preusmerjevalno zrcalo 141 je v tej izvedbi namenjeno tako preusmerjanju snopa 58 laserskih žarkov, ki se širijo v notranjosti sonde, kot tudi fokusiranju tega snopa 58 laserskih žarkov na zunaj sonde 1 ležeče gorišče F. Pri tej izvedbi ni več potrebna razporeditev leč za fokusiranje iz vodnika svetlobnih valov izstopajočih laserskih žarkov.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a diversion mirror 141 is provided in the diversion unit 4, the mirror surface 144 of which is convexly curved. In this embodiment, the deflection mirror 141 is intended to both direct the beam of 58 laser beams propagating inside the probe as well as to focus this beam 58 of the laser beams on the outside of the probe 1 of the focal point F. In this embodiment, it is no longer necessary to arrange the focusing lenses from the conductor light waves of outgoing laser beams.
Ustrezno sl. 4 je lahko konkavnemu preusmerjevalnemu zrcalu 141a predprigrajena kolimatorska leča 65a, ki iz vodnika 63 svetlobnih valov izstopajoči snop 57 laserskih žarkov kolimira v vzporeden snop 58a, ki se zatem fokusira s preusmerjevalnim zrcalom 141a in preusmeri. S tem je pri enaki oddaljenosti gorišča F od preusmerjevalnega zrcala 141a omogočen večji odmik med vodnikom 63 svetlobnih valov in preusmeijevalnim zrcalom 141a.In accordance with FIG. 4 may be a pre-fitted collimator lens 65a which can be convoluted to the concave diversion mirror 141a, which, from the conductor 63 of the light waves, emits a beam of 57 laser beams into a parallel beam 58a, which is then focused with the diverting mirror 141a and diverted. Thus, at equal distance of the focus F from the diverting mirror 141a, a greater distance between the conductor 63 of the light waves and the diverting mirror 141a is allowed.
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9011959U DE9011959U1 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1990-08-17 | Device for inner pipe welding |
| DE4115562A DE4115562A1 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-05-13 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LASER WELDING A TUBE |
| YU139591 | 1991-08-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI9111395A true SI9111395A (en) | 1994-12-31 |
Family
ID=27202466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9111395A SI9111395A (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-08-13 | Device and process for the laser welding of a tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SI (1) | SI9111395A (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-08-13 SI SI9111395A patent/SI9111395A/en unknown
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