SI9011086B - Process and device for producing mouldings, in particular for structural elements, insulations and/or packaging, and mouldings so obtained - Google Patents

Claims (10)

1 5 1. 10 15 2. 20 3. 25 4. 5. PATENT REQUIREMENTS A process for the manufacture of structural, structural or packaging material, which is made by the manufacture of molds made of damp, natural, fibrous or fibrous material and binder mixed and b) the moisture content of the mixture, wherein the at least one biopolyema is a natural material of at least one of the following groups: starch, dextrins, pectins, collagens, proteins or caseins; b) relative to the total mass, adjusted to 6 to 25%, c) with the compression and shearing effects applied in the slurry extruder, the pressure and temperature of the mixture increase until the binder stays in the gel, d) a molten mixture of the gel as soon as formed, is relieved of pressure in such a way that a fibrous and / or ivematous forming is formed when the spontaneous expansion and formation of the vapor from the finely divided moisture form, which comprises a lower total density but a substantially denser surface than the custom such designers. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that starch is used as the binder, which is preferably at least partially replaced by starch-containing plant parts from at least one of the groups of cereals, legumes, olives and starch-containing roots, tubers and thicknesses in dissipated or natural state. The process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibrous or fibrous material is selected from at least one of the groups of wood nurses, vegetable fibers, cellulosic materials, recycled cellulosic materials, paper materials and recycled paper materials. The process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gel melt blend in the extmater is heated to temperatures over 100 ° C, in particular in the range of 125 to 250 ° C, due to mechanical stress, in particular the shear action and pressure rise, and compresses to a pressure of from 15 to 600 bar, especially in the range of 20 to 250 bar. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, when the melt 30 is formed in the extruder, the mixture is subjected to a specific mechanical energy supply (" SME ") from 0.05 to 0.7 kWh / kg, in particular from 0, 1 to 0.3 kWh / kg. The process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gel melt mixture directly leaving the extruder is subjected to spontaneous pressure relief, the expansion index being kept at at least 1.1, and in particular from 2 to 8. The process according to according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mixture with a content of the biopolymeric binder is from 5 to 85% by weight, in particular from 10 to 50% by weight, in each case with respect to the dry base mass, subjected to extrusion by expansion. The process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mixture is subjected to the addition of such a liquid expansion agent from one of the groups of alcohols or ketones mixed with water and at a normal pressure of boiling in the range of 70 to 180 ° C extrusion with expansion. The process according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mixture with at least one hydrophobic agent modifying the properties of the binder's starch material from at least one of the groups of natural or synthetic oils, waxes, fats, resins and rubbers, paraffins, silicones and plastics, subject to extrusion with expansion. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture with at least one at least bifunctional modifier which is capable of penetrating cross-linking bridges between the molecules of biopolymer binders, preferably starch molecules, under extrusion conditions, extends extrusion with said expansion a modifier of at least one of the groups of di- or polycarboxylic acids, di- or poly (i) oils and their derivatives, tertiary amino groups containing molecules as well as polyphosphonic acids. The process according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a peripherally deposited laying mass, preferably resin or adhesive, is applied to the surface during the extrusion of the resultant strand of the gel melt blend before the extruder is left. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that coating is applied to the surface during the extrusion of the resultant strand of the gel melt blend immediately after leaving the extruder, preferably prior to the completion of the spontaneous expansion. A method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the strand formed in the extrusion and immediately after leaving it spontaneously expands, to achieve the desired cross-section or, profiles limit the expansion. The method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the strand during spontaneous expansion, preferably during the restriction of the beam, binds to the surface layer, in particular the coating film. A method for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, with cutting and / or conditioning devices and / or pre-mixing of the starting components and devices for dosing the said components to the extruder with at least one molding extrusion opening, characterized in that the screw extmder ( 2, 20), comprising devices (10, 11, 12) for dosing of cutlery, as small particles of formed starting components which can be supplied in a solid state, the dispersion direction of the extrusion nozzle (26, 260) is arranged in the upstream direction, in order to partially partially expand the processing partitioning zone (204) for the internal partial expansion of the mixture which is processing. The device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, device according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a device (3, 30) which is essentially directly on the extrusion opening (26, 260), which is intended to limit the spontaneous expansion of the beam (4, 40) with rolling and / or tread elements (32, 33, 320, 330), which can be adjusted or adjusted according to the speed of the beam movement. The preparation of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the rolling elements (32, 33) of the beam limitation device (3, 30) are turned substantially transversely to the direction of the movement of the beam and are arranged or designed accordingly to the desired cross-section or the profile of the expanded extruded strand (4, 40), wherein the rollers (32, 33) are designed with a smooth or structured surface which reduces adhesion and can freely rotate in contact with the strand or they can be driven at a speed corresponding to speed 4 movement of the beam. Apparatus according to one of Claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the tread members (303) of the beam limitation device (30) are substantially in the direction of the movement of the latter 5 and substantially with the moving velocity of the beam to the movable, desired cross-section or. an enlarged beam profile (40) of appropriately designed or arranged wall elements or continuous strips (320, 330) is designed with a smooth or structured surface which reduces adhesion. Device according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one device (5) for substantially the velocity of the movement of the beam, the continuous continuous supply of the stranding film (50) between the surface of the latter and the rolling and / or tread the elements (32, 33) of the device (3) for limiting the beam. A device according to one of the claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the extruder (2) comprises several in the vicinity of the nozzle (26) in the extruder's extruding region (205) over its internal volume of distributed overpressure inlet (208) Suitable coating and / or peeling media for the surface of the strand. Use of the molding material as building material, furniture making material, structural, insulating or packing material, wherein the mold is made of at least one wet, natural, fibrous or fibrous material and at least one binder, the mold comprising substantially dense the surface of the strand and is made of at least one directly sprayed gel melt blend immediately after extrusion, in which 25 particles of fine, fibrous and / or fibrous biogenic, high molecular weight material are arranged within a matrix comprising a plurality of small cavities and essentially giving the structure, on based on the action of elevated temperature, increased pressure and / or mechanical loading of the binder melt wall made from at least one biopolymeric natural substance from at least one of the starches, dextrins, pectins, collagens, 30 proteins or caseins, the binder content being 5 to 85 by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, in each case based on the dry base mass. The use of a mold according to claim 21, in that it is made by the method according to one of claims 5 to 1, for the purpose stated in claim 21. The use of a mold according to Claim 21 or 22, characterized in that it is produced by the device according to one of claims 15 to 20, for the purpose stated in claim 21. 5 The use of a mold according to one of Claims 21 to 23, characterized in that it substantially comprises each other from the second separate cavity of small dimensions and comprises a density of from 0.05 to 1.0 t / m3, preferably from 0.1 to 0, 4 t / m3, which lies below the total density of the non-gaseous components from which it is built, for the purpose stated in Clause 21. 10 The use of a mold according to one of Claims 21 to 24, characterized in that it comprises a coating associated with the surface of the extruded, spontaneously expanded strand, for the purpose stated in claim 21. 26. The use of a moldant, in particular as a chipboard, according to one of Claims 21 to 25, characterized in that at a material thickness in the ranges 13-20, 25-32, 40-50 mm, the values of the bending strength are at least 14.5, 13.5, 13, 11, 9.5 and 7 N / mm2, for the purpose stated in claim 21.