SI8911781A

SI8911781A - Apparatus for using hazardous waste to form non hazardous aggregate

Info

Publication number: SI8911781A
Application number: SI8911781A
Authority: SI
Inventors: John M Kent
Original assignee: John M Kent
Priority date: 1988-09-14
Filing date: 1989-09-14
Publication date: 1994-12-31
Also published as: HRP920787A2

Abstract

Izum se nanaša na postopek in naprave za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v nenevarne agregate. Nevarne odpadke predelamo v nenevarne agregate, ki ne odpuščajo škodljivih snovi tako, da vnesemo material v vrtečo se zažigalno peč (10), kjer velike trdne snovi vsaj delno zgorijo, da nastane primarni agregat. Plinaste stranske produkte sežiganja in odpadni prah vnesemo v najmanj eno oksidacijsko posodo (26, 56), ki deluje na temperaturi v mejah od okoli 982 stopinj Celzija do okoli 1374 stopinj Celzija. Pod temi pogoji se del odpadnega prahu stali, da nastane staljen, žlindri podoben material, ki ga ohladimo, da nastane nenevaren agregat. Del materiala v oksidacijski posodi (26, 56), ki se ne stali, ohladimo, nevtraliziramo in podvržemo ločevanju trdnih snovi od plina. Trdne snovi ponovno vnesemo v oksidacijsko posodo (26, 56) s primarnimi agregati, kjer se ali stalijo ali ostanejo v staljenem materialu in postanejo integralni del nenevarnih agregatov.The invention relates to a process and apparatus for recovery of hazardous waste into non-hazardous aggregates. Hazardous waste is recovered into non-hazardous aggregates, which do not release harmful substances by entering material in a rotary kiln (10) where large solids at least partially burn to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous by - products of incineration and the waste powder is introduced into at least one oxidizing agent a container (26, 56) operating at a temperature in the range of about 982 degrees Celsius to about 1374 degrees Celsius. Under these conditions, some of the waste dust is considered to be yes molten, slag-like material is formed by the cool to form a non-hazardous aggregate. Part of the material in a non-meltable oxidation vessel (26, 56), cooled, neutralized and subjected to separation gas solids. The solids are reintroduced into oxidation vessel (26, 56) with primary aggregates, where they either melt or remain in the molten material and they become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregates.

Description

(57) Izum se nanaša na postopek in naprave za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v nenevarne agregate. Nevarne odpadke predelamo v nenevarne agregate, ki ne odpuščajo škodljivih snovi tako, da vnesemo material v vrtečo se zažigalno peč (10), kjer velike trdne snovi vsaj delno zgorijo, da nastane primarni agregat. Plinaste stranske produkte sežiganja in odpadni prah vnesemo v najmanj eno oksidacijsko posodo (26, 56), ki deluje na temperaturi v mejah od okoli 982 stopinj Celzija do okoli 1374 stopinj Celzija.(57) The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the recovery of hazardous waste into non-hazardous aggregates. Hazardous waste is processed into non-hazardous aggregates that do not release harmful substances by introducing material into a rotary kiln (10) where large solids are at least partially combusted to form the primary aggregate. The gaseous by-products of incineration and waste dust are introduced into at least one oxidation vessel (26, 56) operating at temperatures ranging from about 982 degrees Celsius to about 1374 degrees Celsius.

Pod temi pogoji se del odpadnega prahu stali, da nastane staljen, žlindri podoben material, ki ga ohladimo, da nastane nenevaren agregat. Del materiala v oksidacijski posodi (26, 56), ki se ne stali, ohladimo, nevtraliziramo in podvržemo ločevanju trdnih snovi od plina. Trdne snovi ponovno vnesemo v oksidacijsko posodo (26, 56) s primarnimi agregati, kjer se ali stalijo ali ostanejo v staljenem materialu in postanejo integralni del nenevarnih agregatov.Under these conditions, a portion of the waste dust is melted to form a molten, slag-like material which is cooled to form a non-hazardous aggregate. The non-melted portion of the material in the oxidation vessel (26, 56) is cooled, neutralized and subjected to the separation of solids from gas. The solids are reintroduced into the oxidation vessel (26, 56) with the primary aggregates where they either melt or remain in the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregates.

Sl 8911781Sl 8911781

John M. Kent P. O. Box 1649 Slidell, Lousiana 70459 ZDAJohn M. Kent P. O. Box 1649 Slidell, Lousiana 70459 USA

POSTOPEK IN NAPRAVE ZA IZKORIŠČANJE NEVARNIH ODPADKOV ZA PRIPRAVO NENEVARNIH AGREGATOVPROCEDURE AND DEVICES FOR THE USE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DANGEROUS AGGREGATES

Predloženi izum opisuje postopek in naprave za izkoriščanje nevarnih odpadkov in njihovo predelavo v nenevarne agregate s pomočjo toplote, ki jo pridobimo z oksidacijo.The present invention describes a process and apparatus for the utilization of hazardous wastes and their recovery into non-hazardous aggregates by means of the heat obtained by oxidation.

Pri številnih industrijskih postopkih dobimo tudi stranske proizvode in odpadne materiale, ki jih po zakonu ne moremo shranjevati brez neke vrste izolacije ali predelave. Trud, vložen v prejšnjih časih, da tovrstne materiale shranimo v hermetično zaprtih sodih, se je izkazal kot neustrezen, zaradi nezadostne pazljivosti pri proizvodnji takih, hermetično zaprtih sodov, ali je njihovo propadanje krivo za iztekanje ali izlivanje nevarnih odpadkov. Drugi način za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov je vbrizgovanje takih materialov v izvrtine, vendar takšni materiali niso nujno nepremični v slojih, v katere jih vbrizgamo in lahko prodrejo do podzemnih vodonosnih plasti.Many industrial processes also provide by-products and waste materials that cannot be stored by law without some kind of insulation or processing. Efforts made in earlier times to store such materials in hermetically sealed barrels have proved inadequate, due to insufficient care in the production of such hermetically sealed barrels, or whether their deterioration is to blame for the discharge or discharge of hazardous waste. Another way to recover hazardous waste is to inject such materials into the holes, but such materials are not necessarily stationary in the layers into which they are injected and can penetrate underground aquifers.

Poleg tehničnih problemov, povezanih s takšnim načinom odlaganja, ostaja potencialna odgovornost za vse, ki uporabljajo takšna sredstva. Po nekaj letih shranjevanja takih materialov v deponiji, se lahko pojavijo zahteve po odgovornosti, zasnovana na spoznanju, da je nekdo bil odgovoren za odlaganje nevarnega materiala na odobreni deponiji, zaradi tega, ker deponija ni bila uspešna pri preprečevanju širjenja odpadkov. Takšni problemi so vzpodbudili iskanje načina uporabe nevarnih materialov v nekem proizvodnem postopku, s ciljem odstranitve njihovih nevarnih lastnosti in proizvodnje izdelka, ugodnega za prodajo in uporabo s strani splošnih uporabnikov. Eden izmed poiskusov je oksidacija materiala tako, da ga spustimo preko različnih vrst grelcev pri pogojih, ki oksidacijo omogočajo. Pri eni izmed izvedb takšnega procesa uporabimo protitočno vrtljivo peč, ki omogoči izgorevanje gorljivih sestavin v nevarnih odpadkih in zbiranje ter agregiranje negorljivega materiala v obliko, ki jo lahko prodamo, kot komercialno zanimiv in koristen proizvod.In addition to the technical problems associated with this type of disposal, potential liability remains for all who use such means. After several years of storing such materials in a landfill, liability claims may arise based on the realization that someone was responsible for the disposal of hazardous material at an approved landfill because the landfill was not successful in preventing the spread of waste. Such problems prompted the search for a way of using hazardous materials in a manufacturing process, with the aim of removing their hazardous properties and producing a product favorable for sale and use by general users. One of the experiments is to oxidize the material by dropping it over different types of heaters under conditions that allow for oxidation. In one embodiment of such a process, a countercurrent rotary kiln is used which enables the combustion of combustible components in hazardous waste and the collection and aggregation of non-combustible material in a form that can be sold as a commercially interesting and useful product.

Poskusi, s tem posebnim postopkom za izkoriščanje odpadkov, so bili delno uspešni v proizvodnji izdelkov, ki ustrezajo EPA pravilnikom, povezanim z odlaganjem odpadkov. Ti postopki imajo seveda določene pomanjkljivosti. Najvažnejša pomanjkljivost, povezana s predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v vrtljivi peči ali podobno, je nastajanje dodatnega negorljivega materiala, ki se ne pretvori v agregat in ga moramo shranjevati kot nevaren odpadek. Na ta način, čeprav količino nevarnih odpadkov s tem postopkom znatno zmanjšamo, še vedno ostaja problem odlaganja dela obdelanega materiala, kot nevarnega odpadnega materiala. Razen tega, pri večini konvencionalnih postopkov nastaja velika količina onesnažene vode za izpiranje, ki jo moramo obdelati in nekje odložiti.Experiments with this specific waste utilization process have been partially successful in producing products that comply with EPA policies related to waste disposal. These procedures, of course, have certain disadvantages. The most important disadvantage associated with the recovery of hazardous waste in a rotary kiln or the like is the generation of additional non-combustible material that is not converted to aggregate and must be stored as hazardous waste. In this way, although the amount of hazardous waste is significantly reduced by this process, the problem of disposal of a part of the treated material as hazardous waste material remains. In addition, most conventional processes produce a large amount of contaminated flushing water that must be treated and disposed of somewhere.

Zaradi tega je eden izmed ciljev predloženega izuma predstaviti postopek in naprave za izkoriščanje nevarnega odpadnega materiala, kot tudi materiala, ki ga lahko vrnemo v kroženje v nekem proizvodnem postopku tako, da so edini produkti tega postopka nenevarni in jih lahko prodamo za uporabo splošnim uporabnikom, ne ozirajoč se na naravo vhodnih materialov, ki smo jih obdelali.Therefore, one object of the present invention is to present a process and apparatus for the utilization of hazardous waste material as well as material that can be returned to circulation in a manufacturing process such that the only products of this process are non-hazardous and can be sold for use by general users, regardless of the nature of the input materials we have processed.

Drugi cilj izuma je, predelava nevarnih trdnih materialov v nenevaren inerten agregat, ki ga lahko prodajamo brez omejitev.Another object of the invention is the processing of hazardous solid materials into a non-hazardous inert aggregate that can be sold without restriction.

Cilj izuma je tudi, da izkoriščamo nevarne tekočine kot gorivo in kot dodatek gorivom, namesto naravnega plina ali premoga, na ekonomičen način, pri čemer vse trdne materiale, ki jih dobimo pri tovrstnem izkoriščanju odpadkov, lahko prodamo splošnim uporabnikom, ne oziraje se na nevarne lastnosti vhodnih surovin.It is also an object of the invention to use hazardous liquids as a fuel and as an additive to fuels, instead of natural gas or coal, in an economical manner, whereby all solid materials obtained from such waste can be sold to general users, regardless of the hazardous properties of input raw materials.

Dodatni cilj izuma je, pripraviti sistem za izkoriščanje nevarnih odpadnih materialov v velikem obsegu, ki bo lahko deloval ekonomično, brez velike nevarnosti za osebje, ki s sistemom upravlja.An additional object of the invention is to provide a system for the utilization of hazardous waste materials on a large scale, which will be able to operate economically, without great danger to the personnel operating the system.

Ti, kakor tudi drugi cilji izuma, bodo natančneje opisani v tej specifikaciji ali bodo razvidni iz praktičnega izvajanja izuma.These, as well as other objects of the invention, will be more specifically described in this specification or will be apparent from the practical implementation of the invention.

Da omogočimo te in druge cilje izuma, smo izdelali postopek za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v nenevaren agregat. Postopek zajema operacijo zavarovanja izvora trdnega odpadnega materiala, ki ga predstavljajo grobi trdni odpadki in odpadni prah. Te materiale ločimo in velike kose odpadnega materiala vnašamo v vrtljivo peč, ki ima področje za polnjenje, področje za sežiganje in področje za praznjenje. Delovne pogoje v peči uravnavamo tako, da grob odpadni material zgori in tvori trden grudičast primarni agregat, žlindro in plinaste stranske produkte gorenja. Večji del hlapnih gorljivih sestavin iz velikih trdnih odpadnih materialov izpari v področju za polnjenje peči. Plinaste stranske produkte gorenja iz peči odstranjujemo s pomočjo prisiljenega kroženja zraka.To enable these and other objects of the invention, we have devised a process for the recovery of hazardous waste into a non-hazardous unit. The process involves the operation of securing the origin of solid waste material, represented by coarse solid waste and waste dust. These materials are separated and large pieces of waste material are introduced into the rotary kiln, which has a filling area, an incineration area and an emptying area. The operating conditions in the furnace are regulated so that the coarse waste material combusts to form a solid lumpy primary aggregate, slag and gaseous by-products of combustion. Most of the volatile combustible constituents of large solid waste materials evaporate in the furnace filling area. Gaseous by-products of combustion are removed from the furnace by forced air circulation.

Odpadni prah, ki ga ločimo od trdnega odpadnega materiala, uvajamo v komoro za oksidacijo skupaj z gorljivim materialom. Izgorevanje v oksidacijski komori izvajamo zato, da predelamo odpadni prah v negorljiv prah, staljeno žlindro in odpadni plin. Temperaturo v oksidacijski komori uravnavamo po želji, v mejah od 980°C do 1650°C. Negorljiv prah in odpadni plin iz oksidacijske komore odstranjujemo s pomočjo prisiljenega kroženja zraka. Negorljiv prah, plinaste stranske produkte in odpadni plin hladimo in negorljiv prah ločujemo od plinastih stranskih produktov gorenja in odpadnega plina. Trdni grudičasti primarni agregat in negorljiv prah ponovno uvajamo v oksidacijsko komoro. Toplota iz oksidacijske komore je usmerjena v negorljiv prah in primarni agregat, da nastane staljena žlindra. Staljeno žlindro hladimo, da nastane nenevaren agregat. Priporočljivo je, da pri vnosu primarnega agregata in negorljivega prahu v oksidacijsko komoro, vnos izvedemo v posameznih polnjenjih. Zaželeno je tudi, da pri vnosu teh materialov v oksidacijsko komoro, materiale vnesemo v obliki kupa, na površino katerega nato usmerimo toploto iz oksidacijske komore. Zaželeno je tudi, da vrtljiva peč deluje pri povprečni notranji temperaturi v mejah med 870°C do 1260°C.The waste powder separated from the solid waste material is introduced into the oxidation chamber together with the combustible material. Combustion in the oxidation chamber is carried out to process the waste dust into non-combustible dust, molten slag and waste gas. The temperature in the oxidation chamber is controlled as desired, ranging from 980 ° C to 1650 ° C. Non-combustible dust and waste gas are removed from the oxidation chamber by forced air circulation. Non-combustible dust, gaseous by-products and waste gas are cooled and non-combustible dust is separated from the gaseous by-products of combustion and waste gas. The solid lumpy primary aggregate and the non-combustible dust are reintroduced into the oxidation chamber. The heat from the oxidation chamber is directed to the non-combustible dust and primary aggregate to form molten slag. The molten slag is cooled to form a non-hazardous aggregate. It is recommended that when the primary aggregate and the non-combustible dust are introduced into the oxidation chamber, the injection is carried out in individual charges. It is also desirable that when these materials are introduced into the oxidation chamber, the materials are introduced in the form of a pile, to which the heat from the oxidation chamber is then directed. It is also desirable that the rotary kiln operates at an average internal temperature within the range of 870 ° C to 1260 ° C.

Priporočljiva naprava za izvajanje postopka, opisanega v predloženem izumu, za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v nenevaren agregat, obsega vrtljivo peč, ki ima področje za vnos in izhodno področje. Oksidacijsko komoro namestimo poleg vhodnega področja peči. Prav tako moramo zagotoviti izvor trdnega odpadnega materiala, ki ga predstavljata grob trden material in odpadni prah. Vključene so naprave za ločevanje grobega trdnega materiala od odpadnega prahu, kot tudi naprave za vnos grobega odpadnega materiala v področje za vnos vrtljive peči. Naprave nadalje obsegajo pripravo za izgorevanje v peči, zaradi predelave grobega trdnega odpadnega materiala v trden grudičast primarni agregat, žlindro, hlapne pline in plinaste stranske produkte gorenja. Naprave nadalje obsegajo priprave za odvajanje plinastih stranskih produktov gorenja iz peči in iz oksidacijske komore. Zajete so tudi naprave za izgorevanje v oksidacijski komori, da predelamo odpadni prah, hlapne pline in plinaste stranske produkte gorenja v negorljiv prah, staljeno žlindro in odpadni plin. Hladilni sistem je namenjen hlajenju negorljivega prahu v odpadnem plinu, sistem za ločevanje pa ločevanju negorljivega prahu od odpadnega plina. Naprave nadalje zajemajo priprave za vnos trdnega grudičastega primarnega agregata in ponoven vnos trdnega negorljivega prahu v staljeno žlindro, da nastane v bistvu staljena mešanica. Naprave obsegajo sistem za hlajenje te staljenje mešanice, da nastane nenevaren agregat. Zaželeno je, da oksidacijska komora vsebuje več, z ognjeodpornim materialom obloženih sodov, ki so povezani z vhodnim področjem vrtljive peči.A preferred device for carrying out the process described in the present invention for the recovery of hazardous waste into a non-hazardous unit comprises a rotary kiln having an inlet area and an outlet area. Install the oxidation chamber next to the inlet area of the furnace. We also need to provide a source of solid waste material represented by coarse solid material and waste dust. Devices for separating coarse solid material from waste dust are included, as well as devices for introducing coarse waste material into the inlet area of a rotary kiln. The apparatus further comprises a furnace for combustion in a furnace for converting coarse solid waste material into a solid lumpy primary aggregate, slag, volatile gases and gaseous by-products of combustion. The apparatus further comprises arrangements for the removal of gaseous by-products of combustion from the furnace and from the oxidation chamber. Also included are combustion plants in the oxidation chamber to process waste dust, volatile gases and gaseous by-products of combustion into non-combustible dust, molten slag and waste gas. The cooling system is designed to cool non-combustible dust in the waste gas and the separation system separates the non-combustible dust from the waste gas. The apparatus further comprises preparations for introducing a solid lumpy primary aggregate and re-introducing solid non-combustible powder into the molten slag to form a substantially molten mixture. The devices comprise a cooling system of this melt mixture to form a non-hazardous aggregate. It is desirable that the oxidation chamber contains more barrel-coated barrels that are connected to the inlet area of the rotary kiln.

Predloženi izum bo opisan v vidu priporočljivih izvedb.The present invention will be described in the form of recommended embodiments.

Risbe, ki predstavljajo del specifikacije, prikazujejo eno izvedbo izuma.The drawings which form part of the specification show one embodiment of the invention.

Risba 1 predstavlja shematski prikaz ene izvedbe predloženega izuma.Figure 1 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of the present invention.

Risba 2 prikazuje shematski delni presek oksidacijske komore izvedbe iz risbe 1.Figure 2 shows a schematic partial section of an oxidation chamber of the embodiment of Figure 1.

Risba 3 prikazuje shematsko eno izvedbo področja za zbiranje grudičastega materiala, ki ga vnašamo v oksidacijsko komoro, iz izvedb na risbah 1 in 2.Figure 3 shows schematically one embodiment of an area for collecting a lump material to be introduced into an oxidation chamber from the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2.

Izvedba predloženega izuma je shematsko prikazana na risbi 1. Predloženi izum opisuje napravo za predelavo nevarnih odpadkov v nenevaren agregat in postopek izkoriščanja naprave za zagotavljanje te funkcije. Po izumu je izdelana vrtljiva peč z vhodnim in izhodnim področjem. Kot je tu izvedeno in prikazano na risbi 1, je vrtljiva peč (10) razdeljena na področje za vnos (12) in izhodno področje (14). Med področjem za vnos in izhodnim področjem vrtljive peči se nahaja področje (16) za zažiganje. Čeprav se pri opisni izvedbi skrajni deli posameznih delov dotikajo, je tako prikazan razpored le primer in posamezne dele lahko prestavimo. To pomeni, da del izgorevanja lahko poteka v področju za vnos (12) ali v izhodnem področju (14), čeprav izgorevanje prvenstveno poteka v področju (16) za sežiganje vrtljive peči.An embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in Figure 1. The present invention describes a device for the recovery of hazardous waste into a non-hazardous unit and a process for utilizing a device to provide this function. According to the invention, a rotary kiln with an inlet and outlet area is made. As implemented and shown in FIG. 1, the rotary kiln (10) is divided into an inlet area (12) and an outlet area (14). Between the input area and the output area of the rotary kiln is a firing area (16). Although the extreme parts of the individual parts touch each other in the descriptive embodiment, the arrangement is thus shown only as an example and the individual parts can be moved. This means that part of the combustion can take place in the inlet area (12) or in the outlet area (14), although the combustion is primarily in the area (16) for burning the rotary kiln.

Peč, shematsko prikazana na risbi 1, je standardna protitočna vrtljiva peč, izdelana za obdelavo apnenca ali ohišja školjk, za pridobivanje apna. Sestavlja jo zunanji kovinski plašč, obložen z ognjeodpornimi opekami. Sestavo ognjeodpornih opek določa delovna temperatura in material, ki prehaja skozi vrtljivo peč. Pri prikazani izvedbi je vrtljiva peč projektirana za obratovanje v temperaturnem intervalu od 870°C do 1260°C. Pri uporabljeni ognjeodporni opeki, ki jo sestavlja v 70-ih odstotkih aluminijev oksid in je izdelek tovarne National RefractoryThe furnace schematically shown in Figure 1 is a standard countercurrent rotary kiln, designed to process limestone or shell casings, for lime extraction. It consists of an outer metal jacket lined with fire-resistant bricks. The composition of the refractory bricks is determined by the operating temperature and the material passing through the rotary kiln. In the embodiment shown, the rotary kiln is designed to operate within a temperature range of 870 ° C to 1260 ° C. Used fire retardant brick, consisting of 70% aluminum oxide and is a product of the National Refractory factory

Company, Oakland, Kalifornija, ZDA, med uporabo nismo opazili predčasnega propadanja ognjeodpornega materiala. Vrtljiva peč je postavljena na konvencionalne vrtljive naslone (niso prikazani) in se vrti s hitrostjo v mejah od 1 do 75 min'¹ s konvencionalnim pogonom (ni prikazan).Company, Oakland, California, USA, no early deterioration of the fire-resistant material was observed during use. The rotary kiln is mounted on conventional rotary backrests (not shown) and rotates at speeds ranging from 1 to 75 min ' ¹ with conventional drive (not shown).

Kot bo v nadaljevanju natančneje razloženo, trdne materiale vnašamo v področju za vnos (12) vrtljive peči (10). Med vrtenjem peči material, večji od približno 50 pm, prehaja skozi področje (16) za zažiganje proti izhodnem področju (14), medtem ko se manjši material ujame v plin, ki teče v nasprotni smeri od smeri gibanja grobega trdnega materiala. Pri opisani izvedbi ima vrtljiva peč (10) področje za hlajenje (18) na izhodnem področju peči. Področje za hlajenje sprejema trden material skozi odprtine, s katerimi je povezan z vrtljivo pečjo. Komore sprejmejo večji trden material, ki se nato z vrtenjem prenese do izhodnega korita (20), kjer trden material izhaja iz vrtljive peči. Prav tako je z vrtljivo pečjo (10) povezan izvor (22) goriva. Gorivo, ki ga uporabljamo je lahko gorljiva tekočina ali plin, vključujoč gorljive odpadne tekočine, gorljiva tekoča goriva ali gorljiv naraven plin. Kombinacija kisika in vode se uporablja za uravnavanje temperature izgorevanja. Zmes zraka in goriva dovajamo v vrtljivo peč pri izhodnem področju (14), tako da plini v peči (10) prehajajo proti področju za vnos (12) v smeri, nasproti smeri gibanja večjega trdnega materiala, ki prehaja z vrtenjem peč proti izhodnem področju (14). Kot je bilo prej omenjeno, se manjše grudice ujamejo v plin, ki prehaja skozi peč, se na ta način ločijo od grobega trdnega materiala in izhajajo iz peči.As will be explained below, solid materials are introduced into the inlet area (12) of the rotary kiln (10). During the rotation of the furnace, the material greater than about 50 pm passes through the firing region (16) towards the outlet region (14), while the smaller material is trapped in gas flowing in the opposite direction from the direction of motion of the coarse solid material. In the embodiment described, the rotary kiln (10) has a cooling area (18) at the exit area of the kiln. The cooling area receives solid material through the openings through which it is connected to the rotary kiln. The chambers receive larger solid material, which is then rotated to the outlet sump (20) where the solid material emanates from the rotary kiln. Also, a fuel source (22) is connected to the rotary kiln (10). The fuel used may be a combustible liquid or gas, including combustible waste liquids, combustible liquid fuels, or combustible natural gas. The combination of oxygen and water is used to regulate the combustion temperature. The mixture of air and fuel is fed into the rotary kiln at the outlet region (14) so that the gases in the kiln (10) pass towards the inlet area (12) in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the larger solid material passing by rotating the kiln toward the outlet region (14). 14). As mentioned earlier, the smaller lumps are trapped in gas passing through the furnace, thus separated from the coarse solid material and emitted from the furnace.

Po izumu, naprava obsega tudi oksidacijsko komoro poleg področja za vnos v peč. Pri tej izvedbi naprava vsebuje prvi oksidator (26). Kot je prikazano na risbi 1 je prvi oksidator (26) poleg področja za vnos (12) vrtljive peči. Prvi oksidator (26) je povezan s področjem za vnos (12) vrtljive peči (10) in sprejema hlapen plin, ki ga dobimo iz materiala, vnesenega v vrtljivo peč, kot tudi stranske produkte gorenja, ki nastanejo pri gorenju v vrtljivi peči. Iz izvora odpadnega materiala prehaja material v področje za vnos (12) peči (10), kjer protitočno gibanje plina omogoči ločevanje grobih delcev (trden odpadni material) od majhnih delcev (odpadnega prahu). Po izumu, trden odpadni material predstavlja grob trden material in odpadni prah. Za namene predloženega izuma, je grob trden odpadni material odpadni material, ki ima delce večje od 50 pm, pri čemer je odpadni prah definiran kot vsak material, ki ima velikost delcev manjšo od 50 pm. Čeprav naprave lahko obdeluje materiale, ki so razporejeni po velikosti, je cilj ločevanja (separacije) zagotavljanje materiala za prvi oksidator (26), ki se lahko oksidira ali stali v obstoječem agregatnem stanju, medtem ko večji material vnašamo v peč z namenon, da se le-ta razgradi med prehajanjem skozi vrtljivo peč, bodisi na negorljiv material, gorljiv plin ali na stranske produkte gorenja.According to the invention, the apparatus also comprises an oxidation chamber in addition to the area for introduction into the furnace. In this embodiment, the apparatus comprises a first oxidizer (26). As shown in Figure 1, the first oxidizer (26) is adjacent to the inlet area (12) of the rotary kiln. The first oxidizer (26) is connected to the inlet area (12) of the rotary kiln (10) and receives the volatile gas obtained from the material introduced into the rotary kiln, as well as the by-products of combustion that result from burning in the rotary kiln. From the source of the waste material, the material passes into the inlet area (12) of the furnace (10), where the counter-current movement of the gas allows separation of coarse particles (solid waste material) from small particles (waste dust). According to the invention, solid waste material is coarse solid material and waste dust. For the purposes of the present invention, coarse solid waste material is waste material having a particle size greater than 50 pm, the waste dust being defined as any material having a particle size less than 50 pm. Although the apparatus can process materials that are arranged in size, the goal of separation is to provide a material for the first oxidizer (26) that can be oxidized or melted in its existing aggregate state, while the bulk material is introduced into the furnace for the purpose of it breaks down as it passes through the rotary kiln, either to non-combustible material, combustible gas or to by-products of combustion.

Po izumu je izdelana priprava za ločevanje grobega trdnega odpadnega materiala od odpadnega prahu. Kot je v tem primeru izvedeno in prikazano na risbi 1, priprava obsega pasiven transporter (30), ki sprejema material iz izvora (28) odpadnega materiala in vnaša iz odpadkov pripravljeno gorivo v področje za vnos (12) vrtljive peči (10). Ločevanje grobega trdnega odpadnega materiala od odpadnega prahu se izvaja skozi celotno vrtljivo peč (10). Potrebno je omeniti, da se trden odpadni material prav tako lahko ločuje po velikosti pred vnosom v peč, da odpadni prah lahko neposredno vnašamo v oksidacijsko komoro.According to the invention, a device is made for separating coarse solid waste material from waste dust. As is the case in this embodiment and shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus comprises a passive conveyor (30) which receives material from the source (28) of the waste material and feeds the prepared fuel from the waste into the inlet (12) of the rotary kiln (10). Separation of coarse solid waste material from waste dust is carried out throughout the rotary kiln (10). It should be noted that solid waste material can also be separated by size before being introduced into the furnace, so that waste dust can be directly introduced into the oxidation chamber.

Po izumu celotna naprava obsega vzpodbujevalnik izgorevanja v peči, s katerimi omogočimo predelavo grobega odpadnega materiala v trden grudičast primarni agregat, žlindro, hlapne pline in plinaste stranske produkte gorenja. Kot je izvedeno in prikazano na risbi 1, vzpodbujevalnik izgorevanja sestavljajo izvor (22) goriva, izvor (24) kisika in vrtljiva peč (10). Kot bo kasneje opisano, so pogoji ločevanja v peči taki, da se grobi trdni odpadni material prvenstveno pretvori v grudičast primarni agregat, hlapljive pline in plinaste stranske produkte gorenja, pri čemer je količina žlindre, proizvedene v vrtljivi peči, minimalna. Delo vrtljive peči (10) potiska trdni material do izhodnega področja (14) vrtljive peči, skozi hladilne komore (18) do izhodnega korita (20). Pri tej izvedbi nato trdni material, ki izhaja preko izhodnega korita (20), prehaja v klasifikator (34) peči. Klasifikator (34) predstavlja lahko katerikoli konvencionalni mehanizem za ločevanje velikih trdnih grudic od drobnih trdnih delcev. Kot je izvedeno v tem primeru, vsak trden material s premerom večjim od 9,5 mm razporedi kot žlindro, pri čemer je vse, kar je manjše od tega primarni agregat. Žlindra in grudice prehajajo preko magnetnega separatorja (32). Primarni agregat prehaja preko drugega magnetnega separatorja (ni prikazan). Kovine na osnovi železa se odstranijo in potujejo v bunker in so namenjeni prodaji, kot staro železo.According to the invention, the entire apparatus comprises a combustion booster in the furnace, which enables the processing of coarse waste material into a solid lumpy primary aggregate, slag, volatile gases and gaseous by-products of combustion. As implemented and shown in Figure 1, the combustion booster consists of a fuel source (22), an oxygen source (24) and a rotary kiln (10). As will be described later, the separation conditions in the kiln are such that the coarse solid waste material is primarily converted to the lumpy primary aggregate, volatile gases and gaseous by-products of burning, while the amount of slag produced in the rotary kiln is minimal. The work of the rotary kiln (10) pushes the solid material to the outlet region (14) of the rotary kiln, through the cooling chambers (18) to the outlet sump (20). In this embodiment, the solid material that flows through the outlet pan (20) is then passed to the furnace classifier (34). The classifier (34) may represent any conventional mechanism for separating large solids from small solids. As is the case here, any solid material larger than 9.5 mm in diameter is arranged as slag, with anything smaller than that being the primary aggregate. The slag and lumps pass through a magnetic separator (32). The primary unit passes through a second magnetic separator (not shown). Iron-based metals are disposed of and transported to the bunker for sale as scrap iron.

Po izumu, je izdelan vzpodbujevalnik izgorevanja v oksidacijski komori, zaradi predelave odpadnega prahu, hlapnih plinov in plinastih stranskih produktov gorenja v negorljiv prah, staljeno žlindro in odpadni plin. Kot je izvedeno, vzpodbujevalnik izgorevanja sestavljata izvor (36) goriva za oksidator in izvor kisika. Na tak način, prvi oksidator (26) sprejema odpadni prah in hlapne pline iz peči (10), ki so lahko gorljvi, ni pa nujno, stranske produkte gorenja iz vrtljive peči (10), gorivo iz izvora (36) goriva in kisik iz dovoda (38) kisika. Pri prikazani izvedbi, prvi oksidator obratuje v temperaturnem intervalu od 982°C do 1649°C. V oksidativni sredini, se gorljivi materiali v prvem oksidatorju (26) pretvorijo v odpadni plin in negorljiv prah. Negorljiv prah se lahko, ni pa nujno, tali, kar je odvisno od njegove sestave.According to the invention, a combustion stimulator in the oxidation chamber is made for the processing of waste dust, volatile gases and gaseous by-products of combustion into non-combustible dust, molten slag and waste gas. As implemented, the combustion engine consists of an oxidizer fuel source (36) and an oxygen source. In this way, the first oxidizer (26) receives the waste dust and volatile gases from the furnace (10) which may be fuel, but not necessarily the by-products of burning from the rotary kiln (10), fuel from the fuel source (36) and oxygen from supply (38) of oxygen. In the embodiment shown, the first oxidizer is operated at a temperature range of 982 ° C to 1649 ° C. In the oxidizing environment, the combustible materials in the first oxidizer (26) are converted to waste gas and non-combustible dust. Non-combustible dust may, but may not necessarily, melt, depending on its composition.

Kot je shematsko prikazano na risbi 2, se del negorljivega prahu stali in usede na dno prvega oksidatorja (26) kot tekoča žlindra (40). Na sliki 2 je prikazano, da se tekoča žlindra odstranjuje iz naprave preko odprtine (42) za žlindro, to odprtino za žlindro lahko po želji namestimo vzdolž dna prvega oksidatorja (26). Kot je prikazno na risbi 2 je z odprtino za žlindro (42) povezan gorilnik (44) nameščen zato, da ohranja materiale v koritu (42) za žlindro raztaljene. V napravi se lahko, po želji, nahaja tudi gorilnik, ki je usmerjen neposredno v prvi oksidator (26) z namenom višanja temperature na različnih mestih v oksidatorju (26).As shown schematically in Figure 2, a portion of the non-combustible dust is melted and deposited on the bottom of the first oxidizer (26) as a liquid slag (40). Figure 2 shows that the liquid slag is removed from the device via an opening (42) for the slag, this slag opening can be optionally positioned along the bottom of the first oxidizer (26). As shown in FIG. 2, a burner (44) connected to the slag opening (42) is arranged to keep the materials in the slag pan (42) melted. The apparatus may optionally include a burner directed directly to the first oxidizer (26) for the purpose of increasing the temperature at different locations in the oxidizer (26).

Kot je prikazano na risbi 2, prvi oksidator (26) predstavlja sod, obložen z ognjeodpornim materialom, neposredno povezanim s področjem za vnos (12) vrtljive peči (10). Prvi oksidator ima, pri prikazani izvedbi, kvadraten prečni prerez in ga sestavlja kovinski plašč (46) z notranjo oblogo iz ognjeodpornega materiala. Ognjeodporna obloga je pri opisani izvedbi izdelana iz ognjeodporne opeke (48) in monolitne ognjeodporne obloge (50). Pri opisani izvedbi je ognjeodporna opeka (50), sestavljena iz 70-ih odstotkov aluminijevega oksida, izdelek tovarne National Refractory Company, Oakland, Kalifornija ZDA. Monolitna obloga je JadePak in je izdelek tovarne A. P. Green Company, Mexico, Missouri, ZDA. Pri tej izvedbi je ognjeodporna opeka na dnu prvega oksidatorja (26) znatno debelejša od ognjeodporne opeke zidu prvega oksidatorja (26). To je posledica delovnih temperatur v tem delu oksidatorja, zaradi tekoče staljene žlindre (40), ki prenaša toploto iz vrelih plinov, ki prehajajo skozi notranjost (52) prvega oksidatorja (26). Druga priporočljiva izvedba prvega oksidatorja bi imela vodno hlajen strop, vodno hlajene kovinske stene in dno iz ognjeodpornega materiala. Takšna konstrukcija omogoča višje delovne temperature.As shown in Figure 2, the first oxidizer (26) represents a barrel lined with a fire-resistant material directly connected to the inlet area (12) of the rotary kiln (10). The first oxidizer, in the embodiment shown, has a square cross section and is comprised of a metal jacket (46) with an inner lining made of a refractory material. In the described embodiment, the fireproof lining is made of fireproof brick (48) and a monolithic fireproof lining (50). In the embodiment described, the refractory brick (50) consisting of 70 percent aluminum oxide is a product of the National Refractory Company, Oakland, California USA. The monolithic lining is JadePak and is a product of the A. P. Green Company, Mexico, Missouri, USA. In this embodiment, the refractory brick at the bottom of the first oxidizer (26) is substantially thicker than the refractory brick at the wall of the first oxidizer (26). This is due to the operating temperatures in this part of the oxidizer, due to the liquid molten slag (40) which transfers heat from the hot gases passing through the interior (52) of the first oxidizer (26). Another recommended implementation of the first oxidizer would be a water-cooled ceiling, water-cooled metal walls, and a floor made of fireproof material. Such construction allows higher operating temperatures.

Pri izvedbi na risbi 2, se vreli plini obrnejo za 90° proti vodu (54), ki povezuje prvi oksidator (26) z drugim oksidatorjem (56). Konstrukcija drugega oksidatorja (56) je v nekaterih elementih podobna konstrukciji prvega oksidatorja (26). Vendar je pri prikazani izvedbi drugi oksidator (56) cilindričen z enako cilindrično notranjostjo (58). Vreli plini in drobni delci prehajajo skozi vod (54) iz prvega oksidatorja (26) v drugi oksidator (56). Konstrukcija voda (54) iz drugega oksidatorja (56) je podobna konstrukciji opisane izvedbe prvega oksidatorja (26), to so kovinske konstrukcije obložene z ognjeodpornim materialom. Ognjeodporni material uporabljen v vodu (54) je JadePak, a tudi ognjeodporni material uporabljen v drugem oksidatorju (56) je JadePak. Podobno kot prvi oksidator (26) tudi drugi oksidator (56) vsebuje več slojev ognjeodporne opeke v svojem spodnjem delu. Funkcija teh več slojev ognjeodpornega materiala bo razložena v nadaljevanju.In the embodiment of Figure 2, the boiling gases are rotated 90 ° to the conduit (54) connecting the first oxidizer (26) to the second oxidizer (56). The construction of the second oxidizer (56) is in some elements similar to the construction of the first oxidizer (26). However, in the embodiment shown, the second oxidizer (56) is cylindrical with the same cylindrical interior (58). Boiling gases and fine particles pass through the conduit (54) from the first oxidizer (26) to the second oxidizer (56). The construction of the conduits (54) from the second oxidizer (56) is similar to the construction of the described embodiment of the first oxidizer (26), i.e. metal structures coated with a fire-resistant material. The fire-resistant material used in the conduit (54) is JadePak, but also the fire-resistant material used in the second oxidizer (56) is JadePak. Similar to the first oxidizer (26), the second oxidizer (56) contains several layers of refractory bricks in its lower part. The function of these multiple layers of fireproof material will be explained below.

Pri opisani izvedbi se v prvem oksidatorju ne izvaja celotno izgorevanje odpadnih materialov. Znaten del se vrši tudi v drugem oksidatorju. Na tak način med obratovanjem postavitve iz risbe 1, negorljiv odpadni prah prehaja iz notranjega dela (52) prvega oksidatorja (26) skozi vod (54), do notranjega dela (58) drugega oksidatorja.In the embodiment described, not all combustion of waste materials is performed in the first oxidizer. A considerable part is also made in another oxidizer. In this way, during the operation of the layout of Figure 1, the non-combustible waste dust passes from the inner part (52) of the first oxidizer (26) through the conduit (54) to the inner part (58) of the second oxidizer.

Pri eni priporočljivi izvedbi, tekočine v drugi oksidator (56) vbrizgavamo, kot je tukaj prikazano, preko vhodne odprtine (60) za tekočine. Rezervoar tekočine za vhodno odprtino (60) za tekočino obsega sedimentator (ni prikazan), ki zajema celotno napravo. Vse tekočine, vključujoč goriva, dobljena iz odpadnega materiala, deževnico ali umazano deževnico, se zbirajo v sedimentatorju in jih nato vbrizgamo v drugi oksidator (56) skozi vhodno odprtino (60) za tekočino. Na tak način ima celotna naprava za izkoriščanje goriva, pridobljena iz odpadnega materiala in umazane vode, ki obkroža pripravo v sami napravi.In one preferred embodiment, the liquids are injected into the second oxidizer (56), as shown here, via the fluid inlet (60). The fluid reservoir for the fluid inlet (60) comprises a sedimentator (not shown) that covers the entire device. All liquids, including fuels derived from waste material, rainwater or dirty rainwater, are collected in the sedimentator and then injected into the second oxidizer (56) through the fluid inlet (60). In this way, the entire fuel utilization device is obtained from waste material and dirty water that surrounds the preparation in the plant itself.

Strokovnjak, kateremu je ta izum tudi namenjen, lahko projektira tudi sistem za odvajanje in sedimentacijo, ki bo deloval z opisanim izumom, brez nekega posebnega opisa takega sistema.One skilled in the art of the invention may also design a drainage and sedimentation system that will operate with the described invention without some specific description of such a system.

Po izumu, je zagotovljen tudi sistem za hlajenje negorljivega prahu in odpadnega plina. Po izdelani izvedbi in shematskem prikazu na risbi 1, med to sodi sod za hlajenje (62). Hladilni sod (62) ima vhodno odprtino (64) za vodo. Pri prikazani izvedbi, ima vhodna odprtina (64) za vodo šobo, ki ni prikazana, za vnos vode in zraka pri hitrostih, ki so višje od zvočne hitrosti. Pri opisanem izumu, je razprševalnik zvočni model SC CNR-03-F-02, izdelek tovarne Sonic, New Jersey, ZDA. Z vhodno odprtino za vodo je povezan rezervoar (66) vode. Pri prikazani izvedbi, v rezervoar (66) priteka voda, ki ne vsebuje odpadkov. Funkcija vode iz rezervoarja (66) je hlajenje odpadnega plina in negorljivega prahu do temperature v intervalu od okoli 177° do 204°C, tako da se plin in grudičasti material lahko ločita s konvencionalnimi napravami, ki bodo opisane v nadaljevanju. Pri tej izvedbi, shematsko prikazani na risbi 1, obstaja rezervoar (68) s kavstičnim materialom, ki je neposredno povezan z razprševalnikom (70), ki omogoča vnos kavstične tekočine, v obliki razpršnine v reaktorski sod (62), s suhim razprševan jem. Funkcija vbrizgovanja z razprševanjem kavstičnega materiala je nevtralizacija vseh kislin v odpadnem plinu.According to the invention, a system for cooling non-combustible dust and waste gas is also provided. According to the embodiment and schematic shown in Figure 1, this includes a cooling vessel (62). The cooling barrel (62) has an inlet (64) for water. In the embodiment shown, the water inlet (64), which is not shown, has a nozzle for intake of water and air at speeds higher than the acoustic velocity. In the present invention, the scatterplot is the sound model SC CNR-03-F-02, a product of the Sonic Factory, New Jersey, USA. A water tank (66) is connected to the water inlet. In the embodiment shown, no waste-containing water flows into the tank (66). The function of the water from the tank (66) is to cool the waste gas and non-combustible dust to a temperature in the range of about 177 ° to 204 ° C, so that the gas and the lump material can be separated by conventional devices, which will be described below. In this embodiment, schematically shown in FIG. 1, there is a reservoir (68) with a caustic material directly connected to the sprayer (70) which allows the introduction of a caustic fluid, sprayed into the reactor vessel (62), with a dry spray. The function of injection by spraying caustic material is to neutralize all acids in the waste gas.

Po izumu, celotna postavitev obsega pripravo za prepuščanje plinastih stranskih produktov gorenja iz peči in odpadnega plina iz oksidacijske komore. Pri tej izvedbi je vključen priključek (72) med drugim oksidatorjem (56) in reaktorjem (62) s suhim razprševanjem. Priključek ima konstrukcijo podobno konstrukciji drugega oksidatorja (56), to je kovinski plašč z ognjeodporno oblogo. Podobno temu reaktor (62), s suhim razprševanjem, enako predstavlja kovinski sod obložen z ognjeodpornim materialom.According to the invention, the entire arrangement comprises a device for transmitting gaseous by-products of combustion from a furnace and waste gas from an oxidation chamber. In this embodiment, a connection (72) is included between the second oxidizer (56) and the dry spray reactor (62). The connector has a construction similar to that of another oxidizer (56), i.e. a metal jacket with a flame retardant coating. Similarly, the dry spray reactor (62) equally represents a metal barrel coated with a refractory material.

Pri povezovanju različnih elementov opisanega izuma, moramo upoštevati dejstvo, da se toplota različno širi, zaradi visokih temperatur v oksidatorjih (26) in (56), vodu (54) in priključku (72). Poleg tega obstajajo znatne temperaturne razlike v posameznih delih celotne naprave, kar moramo seveda upoštevati na mestih spajanja takih delov, zaradi kompenzacije širjenja in krčenja.When connecting the various elements of the present invention, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the heat expands differently due to the high temperatures in the oxidizers (26) and (56), the conduit (54) and the connection (72). In addition, there are considerable temperature variations in the individual parts of the whole device, which of course must be taken into account at the junction points of such parts, in order to compensate for the expansion and contraction.

Kot bo opisano v nadaljevanju, deluje sistem pri tlaku, ki je nižji od atmosferskega. Zaradi tega, takšno puščanje na stičnih mestih naprave ne deluje kvarljivo na obnašanje celotne postavitve, dokler ni pronicanje tako veliko, da kvarno vpliva na izgorevanje materiala v oksidatorju. Ta zahteva ni tako kritična v tistih delih naprave, ki obratujejo pri nižjih temperaturah.As will be described below, the system operates at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. As a result, such leakage at the contact points of the device does not impair the behavior of the entire installation until the leakage is so large that the combustion of the material in the oxidizer is adversely affected. This requirement is not so critical in those parts of the plant operating at lower temperatures.

Po izumu, ima naprava priprave za ločevanje negorljivega prahu in odpadnega plina. Po tej izvedbi, in kot je shematsko prikazano na risbi 1, naprava obsega dva filterska sistema, ki delujeta vzporedno in ki oba obsegata po en filter (74) in ventilator. Odpadni plin in drobni grudičasti materiali uvajamo v filter na temperaturi, ki je po želji višja od 177°C in nižja od 204°C, tako se lahko izkoriščajo konvencionalne filterske torbice. Med obratovanjem opisanega izuma je potrjeno, da se konvencionalni teflonski (politetrafluoroetilen) filterski elementi lahko izkoriščajo v povezavi s to operacijo. Odpadni plin se ločuje od negorljivih drobnih delcev, nato pa se odpadni plin prepušča poleg podajalca (78), ki spremlja sestavo in temperaturo odpadnega plina. Nato odpadni plin izpuščamo skozi dimnik (80) v atmosfero. Ventilatorji (76) omogočajo pretok zraka skozi celotno postavitev in odstranjujejo hlapne pline in stranske produkte gorenja iz vrtljive peči. Stranski produkti gorenja iz vrtljive peči, stranski produkti gorenja iz oksidatorjev in vsi plini, ki prehajajo skozi sistem, prehajajo skozi ventilatorje (76), tako da celotna naprava deluje pri tlaku, ki je nižji od atmosferskega. Drobni delci zbrani v filtrih (74) se odvajajo s črpalko (82) do zbiralnika (84). Na enak način primarni agregat preko črpalke (86) črpamo v zbiralnik (84). Izvedba zbiralnika, ki jo priporočamo, je prikazana na risbi 3.According to the invention, the apparatus has devices for separating non-combustible dust and waste gas. According to this embodiment, and as shown schematically in Figure 1, the apparatus comprises two filter systems operating in parallel, both comprising one filter (74) and a fan. Waste gas and fine lumps are introduced into the filter at a temperature higher than 177 ° C and lower than 204 ° C if desired, so that conventional filter bags can be used. During the operation of the present invention, it is confirmed that conventional Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) filter elements can be utilized in connection with this operation. The waste gas is separated from the non-combustible fine particles and then the waste gas is passed along to the feeder (78), which monitors the composition and temperature of the waste gas. The exhaust gas is then discharged through the chimney (80) into the atmosphere. Fans (76) allow air to flow throughout the installation and remove volatile gases and combustion by-products from the rotary kiln. Combustion by-products of the rotary kiln, oxidation by-products and all gases passing through the system pass through the fans (76) so that the whole device operates at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The fine particles collected in the filters (74) are discharged by the pump (82) to the collector (84). In the same way, the primary unit is pumped into the sump (84) via the pump (86). The recommended version of the collector is shown in Figure 3.

Po izumu je zagotovljena naprava za vnos trdnega grudičastega primarnega agregata in ponoven vnos negorljivega prahu v napravo, zaradi nastanka v bistvu raztaljene mešanice. Kot je izvedeno in prikazano na risbah 1 in 2, naprava obsega pripravo za vnos negorljivih drobnih delcev in primarnega agregata v oksidacijsko komoro, natančneje v drugi oksidator (56). Kakor je prikazano na risbi 3, zbiralnik (84) obsega prvo vhodno odprtino (88) postavljeno tako, da sprejema drobne delce iz črpalke (82). Zbiralnik (84) nadalje obsega drugo vhodno odprtino, postavljeno, da sprejema primarni agregat preko črpalke (86). Povezan s priporočljivo izvedbo zbiralnika (84) je prvi dajalec (92) namenjen utrjevanju želenega maksimalnega nivoja grudičastega materiala v zbiralniku (84). Drugi podajalec (94) utrjuje nivo grudičastega materiala v zbiralniku (84) in s pomočjo upravljalnega mehanizma dajalca premika ventil (98) preko upravljalnega elementa (100) ventila. Med obratovanjem naprave, se skozi vhodne odprtine (88) in (90) vnaša grudičast material v zbiralnik (84), v katerem se zbira do vnaprej določenega nivoja, dokler se ne aktivira zgornji podajalec, ki preko upravljalnega mehanizma (96) in upravljalnega elementa (100) ventila odpira ventil (98), kar grudičastemu materialu omogoči prehod skozi vod (102) v drugi oksidator (56), kot je prikazano na risbi 2. Ko nivo grudičastega materiala v zbiralniku (84) doseže nivo spodnjega podajalca (94), upravljalni element podajalca in upravljalni element (100) ventila zapreta ventil (98), s čemer se prekine pretok grudičastega materiala skozi vod (102).According to the invention, there is provided a device for introducing a solid lumpy primary aggregate and re-introducing a non-combustible powder into the apparatus, to form a substantially melted mixture. As implemented and shown in Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus comprises a device for introducing non-combustible fine particles and the primary aggregate into the oxidation chamber, more specifically into another oxidizer (56). As shown in FIG. 3, the reservoir (84) comprises a first inlet (88) arranged to receive fine particles from the pump (82). The reservoir (84) further comprises a second inlet positioned to receive the primary unit through the pump (86). Associated with the recommended embodiment of the reservoir (84), the first encoder (92) is intended to solidify the desired maximum level of lump material in the reservoir (84). The second feeder (94) consolidates the level of the lump material in the reservoir (84) and moves the valve (98) through the valve control element (100) by means of the donor control mechanism. During operation of the device, a lumpy material is introduced through the inlet openings (88) and (90) into the reservoir (84), in which it collects to a predetermined level, until the upper feeder is actuated through the control mechanism (96) and the control element (100) opens the valve (98), allowing the lump material to pass through the conduit (102) to another oxidizer (56), as shown in Figure 2. When the lump material level in the reservoir (84) reaches the lower feeder level (94) , the feeder control element and the valve control element (100) closes the valve (98), thereby interrupting the flow of lump material through the conduit (102).

Čeprav je prikazano, da se preko voda (102) vnaša trden grudičast material v drugi oksidator (56), lahko vnašamo trden grudičasti material tudi v prvi oksidator (26), ali in v prvi in v drugi oksidator. Kot je prikazano na risbi 2, trden grudičast material, vnesen v drugi oksidator (56) skozi vod (102) pada v osrednji del (58) drugega oksidatorja in naredi kup na dnu. Toplota iz plina, ki prehaja skozi drugi oksidator (58) je usmerjena na kup grudičastega materiala, pri čemer pride do taljenja dela grudičastega materiala, ki ima točko taljenja nižjo od temperature plina, ki udarja na površino. Material teče s kupa (104) in zajame ves grudičast material, ki ni raztaljen, se združuje s staljeno žlindro (40) ter steče skozi odprtino (42) za žlindro.Although it is shown that solid lump material is introduced through the duct (102) into the second oxidizer (56), solid lump material can also be introduced into the first oxidizer (26), or both into the first and second oxidizer. As shown in Figure 2, the solid lump material introduced into the second oxidizer (56) through the conduit (102) falls into the central part (58) of the second oxidizer and forms a pile at the bottom. The heat from the gas passing through the second oxidizer (58) is directed to a pile of lump material, whereby a portion of the lump material having a melting point lower than the gas temperature striking the surface melts. The material flows from the pile (104) and captures all the non-melted lump material, combines with the molten slag (40) and flows through the slag opening (42).

Po izumu naprava obsega hladilni sistem za hlajenje staljene mešanice, da nastane nenevaren agregat. Po tej izvedbi, hladilni sistem obsega hladilnik (106), shematsko prikazan na risbi 1. Pri predstavljeni izvedbi, hladilnik enostavno vsebuje vodo, v katero priteka staljena mešanica. Hladilno sredstvo porablja toploto iz staljene mešanice za tvorbo nenevarnega agregata.According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a cooling system for cooling the molten mixture to form a non-hazardous aggregate. According to this embodiment, the cooling system comprises a refrigerator (106) schematically shown in Figure 1. In the embodiment presented, the refrigerator simply contains water into which the molten mixture flows. The refrigerant consumes the heat from the molten mixture to form a non-hazardous aggregate.

Delovanje, v nadaljevanju opisane naprave, bo opisana s pomočjo postopka za izkoriščanje nevarnega odpadnega materiala v proizvodnem postopku za izdelavo nenevarnega agregata. Po izumu, je prva operacija v procesu zagatavljanje vira trdnega odpadnega materiala, ki ga predstavljata trdne material in odpadni prah. Pri izvedbi predloženega izuma odpadni material privedemo do naprave v različnih oblikah. Odpadni material je lahko v obliki trdnih grudic, kot je umazan gornji sloj zemljišča, onesnažena usedlina, poltrden mulj iz neke operacije čiščenja odpadnih voda, kovinski sodi s tekočimi odpadki, sodi iz plastičnih vlaken (običajno poznani kot laboratorijska embalaža), ki vsebujejo tekočine ali trdne materiale. Ko je odpadni material mulj, ki vsebuje tudi tekočino, ie-tega najprej spustimo preko vibracijskega sita, da odločimo tekočino in jo nato vnesemo v napravo, opisano v izumu, ločeno od trdnega preostanka. Če se odpadni material nahaja v sodu s prostornino 280 i, sod odpremo in ga vnesemo v vrtljivo peč kot del grobega trdnega odpadnega materiala, s čemer se izognemo čiščenju soda ali kontroli. Možno je tudi, da je potrebno, da vhodni material nekajkrat razrežemo, da dobimo tak vhodni material, ki ga v procesu učinkovito izkoristimo.The operation of the plant described below will be described by a process for the utilization of hazardous waste material in a manufacturing process for the manufacture of a non-hazardous aggregate. According to the invention, the first operation in the process is the entrapment of a source of solid waste material represented by solid material and waste dust. In carrying out the present invention, the waste material is brought to the plant in various forms. The waste material can be in the form of solid lumps, such as dirty topsoil, contaminated sediment, semi-solid sludge from a wastewater treatment operation, metal casks with liquid waste, plastic fiber casks (commonly known as laboratory packaging) containing liquids, or solid materials. When the waste material is sludge containing fluid, it is first lowered through a vibrating sieve to remove the liquid and then introduced into the apparatus described in the invention separately from the solid residue. If the waste material is in a 280 i barrel, open the barrel and insert it into the rotary kiln as part of the coarse solid waste material, avoiding barrel cleaning or control. It is also possible that we need to cut the input material a few times to obtain such input material that can be effectively utilized in the process.

Pri upravljanju s postopkom in delovnimi temperaturami posameznih komponent je ugodno, da poznamo značilne lastnosti vhodnih materialov tako, da lahko uravnavamo hitrost vnosa odpadnih materialov in drugih vhodnih materialov vnešenih v naprave, da dobimo želene delovne pogoje. Zaželeno je, da material pride z nekim opisom, ki bi obsegal podatke o vsebnosti toplote le-tega in vsebnosti vlage. Klub temu je nujno, da preverimo vsebnost vlage in druge značilnosti vhodnega materiala, da lahko pospešimo delovanje naprave. Treba je spomniti da, čeprav ima eno polnjenje odpadnega materiala skupno vsebnost toplote ene vrednosti, je zelo pogosto odpadni material nehomogen in zato delovanje naprave in upravljanje postopka zahteva določene posege, da kompenziramo odstopanja delovnih parametrov od tistih, ki so nujno potrebni za popolno oksidacijo gorljivih komponent odpadnih materialov in nastanek želenih nenevarnih agregatov. Poleg vsebnosti toplote in vlage, je ugodno, da poznamo tudi vsebnost kislin, količine pepela in koncentracijo halogenih elementov. Vsebnost kislin v odpadnem materialu omogoča izvajalcu, da oceni količino potrošenega kavstičnega materiala v postopku, kar vpliva na izvajanje samega postopka in njegovo ekonomičnost. Količina pepela v odpadnem materialu določa količino nastalega agregata. Vsebnost halogenih elementov vpliva na odvijanje procesa in je zaželeno, da je v mejah od 10 do 15%. Izkoriščanje teh značilnosti odpadnega materiala in pravilna regulacija dodajanja vode, dodatnega goriva, kisika, kavstičnega materiala, hladilne tekočine in podobnega, je nujno, da bi dobili želene delovne pogoje, kar omogoča ekonomično proizvodnjo želenega agregata.When managing the process and operating temperatures of individual components, it is advantageous to know the characteristic properties of the input materials so that the rate of input of waste materials and other input materials introduced into the devices can be controlled to obtain the desired operating conditions. It is desirable for the material to come with a description that would include information about its heat content and moisture content. It is imperative for the club to check the moisture content and other characteristics of the input material in order to speed up the operation of the device. It should be remembered that although one charge of waste material has a total heat content of one value, very often the waste material is inhomogeneous and therefore the operation of the plant and process management require some intervention to compensate for deviations of the operating parameters from those absolutely necessary for the complete oxidation of combustible components of waste materials and the formation of the desired non-hazardous aggregates. In addition to the heat and moisture content, it is advantageous to know the acid content, ash content and concentration of the halogen elements. The acid content of the waste material allows the contractor to estimate the amount of caustic material consumed in the process, which affects the performance of the process itself and its cost-effectiveness. The amount of ash in the waste material determines the amount of aggregate formed. The content of halogen elements influences the progress of the process and is preferably in the range of 10 to 15%. The exploitation of these characteristics of the waste material and the proper regulation of the addition of water, additional fuel, oxygen, caustic material, coolant and the like are necessary to obtain the desired operating conditions, which enables the desired aggregate to be produced economically.

Po izumu, proces zajema operacijo ločevanja grobih trdnih materialov od prahu, kot je opisano v nadaljevanju. To ločevanje se lahko izvaja v vrtljivi peči (10) ali se lahko izvaja z enostavnejšim usmerjanjem odgovarjajoče dimenzioniranega odpadnega materiala do različnih mest v napravi. Tako na primer, če je odpadni prah onesnažen gornji sloj zemljišča ga lahko vnašamo neposredno v oksidacijsko komoro.According to the invention, the process involves the operation of separating coarse solid materials from dust, as described below. This separation can be carried out in a rotary kiln (10) or can be simplified by directing a suitably sized waste material to different locations in the plant. For example, if the waste dust is a contaminated topsoil, it can be introduced directly into the oxidation chamber.

Po izumu, proces obsega stopnjo vnosa grobega trdnega materiala v vrtljivo peč, ki ima področje za vnos, področje za gorenje in izhodno področje. Delovne pogoje v peči uravnavamo tako, da trdni odpadni material izgoreva, da nastajajo, trden belkast primarni agregat, žlindra in plinasti stranski produkti gorenja, pri čemer je večji del hlapnih materialov v trdnem odpadnem materialu izparel v področju za vnos v peč. Priporočljivo je, da vrtljiva peč obratuje pri povprečni notranji temperaturi v mejah od okoli 870°C do 1260°C.According to the invention, the process comprises the step of introducing coarse solid material into a rotary kiln having an inlet area, a burning area and an outlet area. The operating conditions in the furnace are controlled so that the solid waste material combusts to form, a solid whitish primary aggregate, slag and gaseous by-products of combustion, with most of the volatile materials in the solid waste material evaporated in the inlet area. It is recommended that the rotary kiln is operated at an average internal temperature in the range of about 870 ° C to 1260 ° C.

Treba je spomniti, da obstoji znatni temperaturni gradient znotraj peči, tako po njeni vzdolžni, kot radialni smeri. Zaradi tega deli peči lahko znatno odstopajo od mej od 870°C do 1260°C.It should be remembered that there is a considerable temperature gradient within the furnace, both in its longitudinal and radial direction. As a result, furnace sections can deviate significantly from the limits of 870 ° C to 1260 ° C.

Grobi trdni odpadni material vnašamo v vrtljivo peč s hitrostjo, ki je odvisna od njegove toplotne vsebnosti ali normalno s hitrostjo od okoli 20 tyh. Peč se vrti s hitrostjo v mejah od 1 do 75 vrtljajev na uro, tako, da je skupen čas zadrževanja trdnega materiala, ki izhaja iz peči v izhodnem področju (14) v mejah od okoli 90 do 120 minut.Coarse solid waste material is introduced into the rotary kiln at a rate that depends on its heat content or normally at a rate of about 20 tyh. The furnace rotates at a speed in the range of 1 to 75 revolutions per hour, so that the total residence time of the solid material arising from the furnace in the exit region (14) is in the range of about 90 to 120 minutes.

Pri teh delovnih parametrih v vrtljivi peči nastaja trden izhodni material, ki je sestavljen pretežno iz trdnega grudičastega primarnega agregata z majhno količino materiala, ki ga lahko opredelimo kot žlindra. Za potrebe opisanega izuma, je žlindra običajno v obliki trdnih teles velikih dimenzij, na primer gradbena opeka, ki prehaja skozi peč brez reagiranja ali aglomeracije materiala, z nizko točko taljenja, ki se stali in aglomerira pri relativno nizkih temperaturah v vrtljivi peči. Delovni pogoji v vrtljivi peči se uravnavajo, da ustvarimo dva stanja.With these operating parameters, a solid starting material is formed in the rotary kiln, which consists predominantly of a solid lumpy primary aggregate with a small amount of material which can be defined as slag. For the purposes of the present invention, the slag is typically in the form of solid bodies of large dimensions, for example a building brick passing through a furnace without reacting or agglomerating a material with a low melting point, which melts and agglomerates at relatively low temperatures in a rotary kiln. The operating conditions in the rotary kiln are adjusted to create two conditions.

Da predelamo glavni del grobega trdnega odpadnega materiala v trden grudičast primarni agregat in drugo, uparimo pretežni del hlapnih gorljivih snovi v grobem trdnem odpadnem materialu v področju za vnos v peč. Kot bo razloženo v nadaljevanju, primarni agregat ponovno vrnemo v proces, da se stali in gre v raztaljeno žlindro v oksidacijski komori. Ko je žlindra predelana v nenevaren material, je zaželeno, da se predela čimveč obdelanega materiala v to obliko. Material, ki ga predelamo v žlindro kot izhodni material iz peči, še preiščemo, da se prepričamo, da ne vsebuje škodljivih snovi, ki se iz nje lahko izločajo. Vsak material, ki vsebuje škodljive snovi, ki se lahko iz njega izločajo, vrnemo v vrtljivo peč, v njeno področje za vnos. Delovanje opisane naprave in sam proces daje zelo majhen del izhodnega material iz vrtljive peči, ki se razporedi kot žlindra.To convert the bulk of the coarse solid waste material into a solid lumpy primary aggregate and the other, evaporate the bulk of volatile combustible matter in the coarse solid waste material in the furnace area. As will be explained below, we return the primary unit to the process to melt and go into the molten slag in the oxidation chamber. When the slag is processed into a non-hazardous material, it is desirable to process as much of the treated material as possible into this form. The material to be processed into the slag as starting material from the kiln should be examined to make sure that it does not contain any harmful substances that can be released from it. Any material containing harmful substances that can be excreted is returned to the rotary kiln for its entry. The operation of the apparatus described and the process itself give a very small fraction of the starting material from the rotary kiln, which is arranged as slag.

Drugi cilj pri uporabi vrtljive peči je, da izparimo večino hlapnih gorljivih sestavin že v področju za vnos vrtljive peči. To znižuje vsebnost toplote trdnega materiala, ki prehaja skozi vrtljivo peč do področja (16) za zažiganje v vrtljivi peči. Če je vsebnost toplote trdnega dela, ki pride do področja (16) za zažiganje v vrtljivi peči (10) prevelik, lahko pride do nekontroliranega izgorevanja v področju za sežiganje v peči. To pomeni, da morajo biti delovni pogoji v vrtljivi peči taki, da je temperatura v vhodnem področju dovolj visoka, da izhlapi večina hlapnih sestavin v trdnem odpadnem materialu, ki ga vnašamo v peč.The second objective when using a rotary kiln is to evaporate most of the volatile combustible components already in the rotary kiln input area. This reduces the heat content of the solid material passing through the rotary kiln to the area (16) for firing in the rotary kiln. If the heat content of the solid portion reaching the firing area (16) in the rotary kiln (10) is too high, uncontrolled combustion may occur in the kiln burning area. This means that the operating conditions in the rotary kiln must be such that the temperature in the inlet region is high enough to evaporate most of the volatile constituents in the solid waste material introduced into the kiln.

Kot je shematsko prikazano na risbi 1, trdni material, ki izhaja iz izhodnega korita (20) prehaja v klasifikator (34). Klasifikator (34) ima lahko konvencionalni mahanizem za ločevanje grobih trdnih delcev od drobnih trdnih delcev. Pri prikazani izvedbi vsak trden material s premerom večjim od 9,5 mm razporedi kot žlindro, pri čemer je vse kar je manjše od tega primarni agregat. Žlindro in grudičast material prepuščamo preko magnetnega separatorja (32). Primarni agregat spuščamo preko drugega magnetnega separatorja (ni prikazan). Kovine na osnovi železa se usedajo in potujejo v zabojnik za kovine in so nato namenjene prodaji kot staro železo.As shown schematically in Figure 1, the solid material emanating from the outlet trough (20) passes into the classifier (34). The classifier (34) may have a conventional mechanism for separating coarse solids from fine solids. In the embodiment shown, each solid material larger than 9.5 mm in diameter is arranged as slag, with anything smaller than that being the primary aggregate. Pass the slag and lump material through a magnetic separator (32). Lower the primary unit via another magnetic separator (not shown). Iron-based metals settle and travel to a metal container and are then sold as scrap iron.

Po izumu plinaste stranske produkte iz peči odvajamo s pomočjo prisiljene cirkulacije zraka. Kot je v nadaljevanju opisano, ventilatorji (76) vzdržujejo tlak v celotni napravi nižje od atmosferskega, kar vleče plin iz vrtljive peči, kot tudi iz oksidatorja in skozi celotni sistem.According to the invention, gaseous by-products from the furnace are discharged by forced air circulation. As described below, the fans (76) keep the pressure throughout the plant below atmospheric, which draws gas from the rotary kiln as well as from the oxidizer and throughout the system.

Po izumu, postopek obsega vnos odpadnega prahu v oksidacijsko komoro. Pri tej izvedbi se odpadni prah iz vrtljive peči (10) ujame v prvi tok plina in prenese v oksidator (26).According to the invention, the method comprises introducing waste dust into the oxidation chamber. In this embodiment, the waste dust from the rotary kiln (10) is trapped into the first gas stream and transferred to the oxidizer (26).

Po izumu, gorljiv material vnašamo v oksidacijsko komoro. Pri tej izvedbi je s prvim oksidatorjem (26) povezan rezervoar (36) tekočega goriva. Vnos goriva, odpadnega prahu in hlapnih plinov iz trdnega odpadnega materiala v peči in vbrizgovanje kisika se izkorišča za uravnavanje temperature v prvem oksidatorju, ki naj bi bila med 982°C in 1649°C. Temperatura je določena z vsebnostjo toplote vhodnega materiala, vključujoč dodatno gorivo, ki ga vnašamo. Zaželeno je, da dodatno gorivo iz rezervoarja (36) vsebuje tudi gorljive tekoče odpadke. Nadalje je zaželeno, da gorljivi tekoči odpadni materiali vsebujejo tekočino, ki je ali organsko topilo, tekoči proizvod pri vrtanju nafte ali barva.According to the invention, the combustible material is introduced into the oxidation chamber. In this embodiment, a liquid fuel tank (36) is connected to the first oxidizer (26). The input of fuel, waste dust and volatile gases from solid waste material into the furnace and oxygen injection are used to regulate the temperature in the first oxidizer, which should be between 982 ° C and 1649 ° C. The temperature is determined by the heat content of the input material, including the additional fuel that is introduced. It is desirable that the additional fuel from the tank (36) also contains combustible liquid waste. It is further desirable that combustible liquid waste materials contain a liquid which is either an organic solvent, a liquid product in oil drilling or paint.

Po izumu, postopek obsega operacijo vzpodbujanja gorenja v oksidacijski komori, zaradi pretvarjanja odpadnega prahu v negorljiv prah, staljeno žlindro in odpadni plin. Pri tej izvedbi je oksidacijska komora sestavljena iz dveh oksidatorjev, prvega oksidatorja (26) in drugega oksidatorja (56). V prvem oksidatorju (26) večina gorljivega materiala oksidira in se pretvori v plinaste stranske proizvode gorenja. Le-ti prehajajo skozi notranjost (52) prvega oksidatorja (26) skozi vod (54) in notranjost (58) drugega oksidatorja (56). Na delovni temperaturi, zaželjeno od 982°C do 1649°C, se del trdnega materiala tali. Ta material se zbira v spodnjem delu prvega oksidatorja (26), kot je prikazano na risbi 2, v obliki tekoče žlindre, ki nato prehaja k odprtini (42) za žlindro. Nestaljeni trden grudičast material prehaja s plinastimi stranskimi produkti skozi vod (54) v notranjost drugega oksidatorja (56), kjer se del lahko stali v drugem oksidatorju (56), ali pa ostane nestaljen in prehaja skozi napravo v obliki trdnih drobnih delcev.According to the invention, the method comprises the operation of stimulating combustion in an oxidation chamber to convert waste dust into non-combustible dust, molten slag and waste gas. In this embodiment, the oxidation chamber consists of two oxidizers, a first oxidizer (26) and a second oxidizer (56). In the first oxidizer (26), most of the combustible material is oxidized and converted into gaseous by-products of combustion. These pass through the interior (52) of the first oxidizer (26) through the conduit (54) and the interior (58) of the second oxidizer (56). At a desired operating temperature of 982 ° C to 1649 ° C, part of the solid material melts. This material is collected in the lower part of the first oxidizer (26), as shown in Figure 2, in the form of a liquid slag, which then passes to the slag opening (42). The non-molten solid lump material passes the gaseous by-products through the conduit (54) to the interior of the second oxidizer (56), where the part can be melted in the second oxidizer (56), or remains unsteady and passes through the device in the form of particulate matter.

Po izumu trdni grudičast primarni agregat in negorljiv prah vnašamo v oksidacijsko komoro. Pri tej izvedbi, kot je prikazano na risbi 2, preko voda (102) uvajamo primarni agregat in trdne delce v notranjost drugega oksidatorja (56). Zaželeno je, da primarni agregat in trdne drobne delce vnašamo v posameznih polnjenjih. Kontinuirani vnos teh materialov v oksidator hladi površino kupa grudičastega materiala znotraj oksidatorja s čemer preprečimo taljenje površine. To preprečuje taljenje grudičastega materiala, ki ga vnašamo v oksidator, s tem pa tudi preprečujemo nastajanje staljene žlindre, ki tvori nenevaren agregat.According to the invention, a solid lumpy primary aggregate and a non-combustible powder are introduced into the oxidation chamber. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a primary aggregate and solids are introduced through the ducts (102) to the interior of the second oxidizer (56). It is desirable that the primary aggregate and particulate matter be introduced individually. Continuous introduction of these materials into the oxidizer cools the surface of the pile of lumpy material inside the oxidizer to prevent the surface from melting. This prevents the lumpy material that is being introduced into the oxidizer from melting, thus also preventing the formation of molten slag, which forms a hazardous aggregate.

Kot je shematsko prikazano na risbi 2, je zaželeno, da se posamezna polnjenja primarnega agregata in negorljivega prahu vnaša v drugi oksidator (56), da nastane kup v oksidatorju. Toplota iz oksidacijske komore je usmerjena v površino kupa, zaradi česar se material z relativno nizko točko taljenja tali in steče na dno oksidatorja, proti vodu (54), kjer staljeni material izhaja iz korita (42) za žlindro. V procesu lahko nastajata aii agregat aii negorljivi drobni delci, ki imajo točko taljenja višjo od temperature v drugem oksidatorju. Na ta način se grudičast material ne stali. Ta se medtem ujame v staljen material, ki ga obdelujemo v drugem oksidatorju, in v žlindri, da v bistvu predeljujemo staljeno mešanico. S taljenjem površine kupa in s taljenjem materiala ter trdnega grudičastega materiala, ki se v njem ujame, in nato teče proti vodu (54), se odpre nova površina grudičastega materiala, ki se nato stali in izteče iz naprave skozi odprtino za žlindro. Čeprav prikazana izvedba ilustrira vnos primarnega agregata in negorljivih drobnih delcev v drugi oksidator, lahko proces spremenimo, če del tega materiala vnesemo v prvi oksidator. Možno je tudi, da se ločeno vbrizgavamo samo primarni agregat v oba oksidatorja ali samo drobne delce v oba oksidatorja, vendar je priporočljivo, da kombiniramo grudičast primarni agregat s negorljivimi drobnimi delci, ki jih ponovno vnesemo v proces kot eno kombinacijo.As shown schematically in Figure 2, it is desirable that individual charges of primary aggregate and non-combustible dust be introduced into the second oxidizer (56) to form a heap in the oxidizer. The heat from the oxidation chamber is directed to the surface of the pile, causing the material with a relatively low melting point to melt and flow to the bottom of the oxidizer toward the duct (54), where the molten material flows from the slag (42). In the process, aii aggregate aii non-combustible fine particles may be formed which have a melting point higher than the temperature in the other oxidizer. This way, the lumpy material does not melt. In the meantime, it is trapped in the molten material that is treated in another oxidizer and in the slag to essentially process the molten mixture. By melting the surface of the pile and melting the material and the solid lump material that is trapped therein, and then flowing toward the conduit (54), a new surface of the lump material opens, which then melts and flows out of the device through the slag opening. Although the embodiment shown illustrates the introduction of the primary aggregate and the non-combustible fine particles into the second oxidizer, the process can be modified by introducing a portion of this material into the first oxidizer. It is also possible to inject only the primary aggregate separately into both oxidizers or only fine particles into both oxidizers, but it is advisable to combine the lumpy primary aggregate with non-combustible fine particles, which are reintroduced into the process as a single combination.

Izvedba iz risbe 2, tudi prikazuje naprave za vbrizgovanje kisika v prvi oksidator (26). Postopek lahko izpeljemo tudi z vbrizgovanjem kisika v drugi oksidator. Priporočljiva povprečna temperatura v prvem oksidatorju, med obratovanjem naprave, je približno 1649°C. Temperatura med prvim in drugim oksidatorjem je 1538°C, temperatura v drugem oksidatorju pa je približno 1538°C. Priporočljivo se, da je drugi oksidator pripravljen za sprejem relativno majhnih količin tekočin, tako da poteče oksidacija vseh gorljivih nevarnih odpadkov v tekočini v oksidacijski komori. Pri tej izvedbi drugi oksidator (56) obsega vhodno odprtino (60). Pri delovni temperaturi drugega oksidatorja voda izpareva in trden material prehaja v tok vrelega plina, da zgori, se stali ali izide z drugimi negorljivimi drobnimi grudicami v izhodnem delu naprave.The embodiment of Figure 2 also shows the oxygen injection devices in the first oxidizer (26). The process can also be carried out by injecting oxygen into another oxidizer. The recommended average temperature for the first oxidizer during operation is approximately 1649 ° C. The temperature between the first and second oxidizers is 1538 ° C and the temperature in the second oxidizer is approximately 1538 ° C. It is recommended that the second oxidizer be prepared to receive relatively small amounts of liquids so that all combustible hazardous waste in the liquid in the oxidation chamber is oxidized. In this embodiment, the second oxidizer (56) comprises an inlet (60). At the operating temperature of the second oxidizer, the water evaporates and the solid material enters the boiling gas stream to burn, melt or come out with other non-combustible tiny lumps in the outlet portion of the device.

Nadalje je priporočljivo, da odpadne pline, plinaste stranske proizvode gorenja in negorljiv prah iz oksidacijske komore hladimo z vbrizgovanjem vode, da dobimo hlajen izhodni tok. Pri tej izvedbi in kot je tudi shematsko prikazano na risbi 1, reaktor s suhim razprševanjem obsega pripravo za vbrizgovanje vode v reaktor (62) s suhim razprševanjem. Priporočljivo je, da voda predstavlja hlajen izhoden tok, ki ima nižjo temperaturo od okoli 204°C, a zaželeno višjo od 177°C.It is further recommended that the waste gases, gaseous by-products of combustion and non-combustible dust from the oxidation chamber be cooled by injection of water to obtain a cooled outlet stream. In this embodiment and as shown schematically in Figure 1, the dry spray reactor comprises a device for injecting water into the dry spray reactor (62). It is recommended that water represents a cooled outlet stream having a lower temperature of about 204 ° C but preferably higher than 177 ° C.

Nadalje je zaželeno, da vse kisline v hlajenem izhodnem toku nevtraliziramo. Pri tej izvedbi, shematsko prikazani na sliki 1, naprava obsega pripravo za vnos kavstične tekočine za tvorbo nevtraliziranega izhodnega toka, ki ga predstavljata negorljiv prah in odpadni plin. Zaželeno je, da odpadni plin ločimo od negorljivega prahu s suho filtracijo. To operacijo lahko izvedemo s prepuščanjem negorljivega prahu in odpadnega plina preko konvencionalnega filtra torbice. Ventilatorji povezani s filter torbico, pri tej izvedbi ventilatorji (76) na risbi 1, izovejo tok zraka skozi celotno napravo, tako da celotna naprava deluje pod tlakom, ki je nižji od atmosferskega.It is further desirable to neutralize all acids in the cooled outlet stream. In this embodiment, schematically shown in Figure 1, the apparatus comprises a device for introducing caustic fluid to form a neutralized output stream, represented by non-combustible dust and waste gas. It is desirable to separate waste gas from non-combustible dust by dry filtration. This operation can be performed by passing non-combustible dust and waste gas through a conventional purse filter. The fans connected to the filter bag, in this embodiment, the fans (76) in FIG. 1, exhale the flow of air throughout the device so that the whole device operates at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.

Po izumu, postopek zajema tudi operacijo hlajenja mešanice staljene žlindre in trdnih delcev, da nastane nenevarni agregat. Pri priporočljivi izvedbi, mešanico staljene žlindre in trdnih delcev vnesemo v transporter napolnjen z vodo, kjer voda hladi mešanico, da nastane trden nenevaren agregat, ki ne odpušča škodljivih snovi. Voda, ki jo izkoriščamo za hlajenje staljenega materiala ponovno uvajamo v postopek z odpadnimi vodami ali v drugi oksidator, ali kot hladilno sredstvo v hladilnik (62).According to the invention, the process also involves the operation of cooling a mixture of molten slag and particulate matter to form a non-hazardous aggregate. In the preferred embodiment, the mixture of molten slag and particulate matter is introduced into a water-filled conveyor where the water cools the mixture to form a solid, non-polluting, non-hazardous aggregate. The water used to cool the molten material is reintroduced into the wastewater process or other oxidizer, or as a refrigerant into the refrigerator (62).

Med delovanjem opisanega izuma pride do nastanka štirih izhodnih tokov: kovine na osnovi železa, ki prehaja skozi vrtljivo peč, da iz nje odstranimo nevarne materiale, žlindre, ki prehaja skozi vrtljivo peč, v primeru, da vsebuje nevaren material ali se le-ta vključi v strukturo same žlindre, ali jo ponovno vrnemo v postopek dokler, sestava žlindre ni nenevarna. Tretji izhodni tok je plinasti izhodni tok iz dimnika (80), ki ga sestavljata prvenstveno ogljikov dioksid in voda. Čeprav priporočljiva izvedba ni označena kot peč za sežiganje nevarnih odpadkov in ne podlega zahtevam za sežiganje nevarnih odpadkov, je njegovo dovoljenje v zvezi s kvaliteto osnovano na istih zahtevah, kot veljajo za del B” Uredbe o pečeh za sežiganje nevarnih odpadkov. Opisani izum lahko ustreza takim kriterijem. Poleg tega, ker zadovoljuje stroge specifikacije za kvaliteto zraka, je agregat, ki je produkt v tem postopku, čeprav vsebuje težke kovine, ki bi lahko bile nevarne, če bi se izločile iz agregata, predelamo material v obliko v kateri so težke kovine vezane v steklasti agregat. Posebno količine arzena, barija, kadmija, kroma, svinca, živega srebra, selena in srebra so veliko nižje od zakonsko dovoljenih. Poleg tega je koncentracija pesticidnih in herbicidnih spojin, spojin fenolne kisline, bazno nevtralnih spojin in drugih hlapnih spojin veliko nižja od zakonsko dovoljenih količin. Na ta način, čeprav vhodni material lahko vsebuje nevarne materiale, so ti materiali ali oksidirani v procesu oksidacije ali zaprti v strukturo agregata, tako da v postopku ne nastajajo nevarni izhodni tokovi.During the operation of the present invention, there are four output streams: iron-based metal passing through a rotary kiln to remove hazardous materials from it, slag passing through a rotary kiln, if it contains or becomes hazardous material. into the structure of the slag itself, or return it to the process until the composition of the slag is safe. The third outlet stream is the gaseous outlet stream from the chimney (80), consisting primarily of carbon dioxide and water. Although the recommended design is not designated as a hazardous waste incineration furnace and is not subject to hazardous waste incineration requirements, its quality permit is based on the same requirements as those applicable to Part B ”of the Hazardous Waste Incineration Regulation. The present invention may meet such criteria. In addition, as it meets stringent air quality specifications, it is the aggregate that is the product of this process, although it contains heavy metals that could be dangerous if released from the aggregate, the material is converted into the form in which the heavy metals are bound glassy aggregate. In particular, the amounts of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium and mercury are much lower than the legal limits. In addition, the concentration of pesticidal and herbicidal compounds, phenolic acid compounds, base neutral compounds and other volatile compounds is much lower than the legal levels. In this way, although the input material may contain hazardous materials, these materials are either oxidized in the oxidation process or enclosed in the structure of the aggregate so that no dangerous output streams are generated in the process.

Predloženi izum je opisan s pomočjo ene izmed priporočljivih izvedbe. Izuma pa seveda ni omejen le nanjo. Obseg izuma se mora odrediti le s priloženimi patentnimi zahtevami in njihovimi ekvivalenti.The present invention is described by one of the preferred embodiments. Of course, the invention is not limited to it. The scope of the invention must be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Za: John M. KentTo: John M. Kent

Ρ.Ο.Βοχ 1649,16.Ο.Βοχ 1649,

Slidell, Lousiana 70459, ZDASlidell, Lousiana 70459, USA

Claims

1. A process for the treatment of hazardous waste into non-hazardous, non-polluting aggregates, characterized in that it comprises the recovery of waste material represented by solid coarse waste and waste dust, the introduction of this waste material into a rotary incinerator having an incoming part, incineration and exit areas, separation of large coarse waste from waste dust, operation of this incinerator at an average temperature inside, in the range of about 871 C to 1260 ° C and at a pressure below atmospheric, evaporation of most volatiles combustible materials from said solid coarse waste in the incoming portion of the incinerator, regulating the conditions in that incinerator so that the coarse solid waste is burned into solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate, solid slag and gaseous by-products of combustion, with the majority of solid material being comes to the exit of the furnace, represents a solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate, waste dust intake, gas by-products of combustion, aid fuel and oxygen in the form of gas into a first oxidation vessel directly connected to the inlet portion of the incinerator and to accelerate combustion, the temperature in the first oxidizer being from about 982 ° G to 1649 ° C, melting a portion of the waste dust in the first oxidizer to process the slag melting, the transfer of gaseous by-products of combustion from the first oxidizer to the second oxidizer directly associated with the first, with an average operating internal temperature of the second oxidizer ranging from about 982 ° C to 1538 ° C, transfer of gaseous by-products of combustion and non-oxidized dust from another oxidizer to a cooling and neutralization vessel directly related to that other oxidizer, cooling of these gaseous by-products of combustion and non-oxidized waste material from another oxidizer to a temperature below 204 ° C in cooling and neutralization vessels, by injection of a liquid containing water, neutralization of acid in gaseous by-products of combustion, from another oxidizer, by the injection of caustic fluid into a cooling and neutralizing vessel, for the treatment of neutralized gaseous effluent and cooled dust, separation of this neutralized gaseous effluent from dust by dry filtration, exfoliated gas , combining and collecting cooled dust and primary aggregate, periodically introducing cooled, crumb-like material and primary aggregate in this second oxidizer, due to the formation of a pile, at the bottom of this second oxidizer, the pile having a sloping outer surface, directing heat from the first oxidizer to the inclined surface of this pile and the melting of only a portion of the material in this second oxidizer, combining the molten material and all other non-molten material therein with the molten slag to form, essentially, a molten mixture from another oxidizer and cooling it, essentially, oily mixtures, due to the formation of a non-hazardous non-hazardous aggregate.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary aggregate and the non-combustible dust are introduced into the oxidation area in the individual charges and that these individual charges of the primary aggregate and the non-combustible powder allow the formation of a pile in the area intended for oxidation.

A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pile has a sloping outer surface, with heat from the oxidation region being directed to that sloping outer surface.

A method according to claim 3, characterized in that this sloped outer surface melts and the molten material flows through this sloped outer cavity to discover a new surface of non-molten material in this pile.

The method of claim 1, characterized in that the operating conditions in this firing furnace are adapted to produce a solid starting material, with a portion of this solid starting material being a solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the first oxidizer accepts waste dust and additional combustible material in the form of liquid fuel, wherein said liquid fuel contains combustible waste material.

The method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of re-introducing this non-combustible powder into the first oxidizer, as well as the step of introducing this solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate into said first oxidizer.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first oxidizer is non-destructive of receiving the by-products of burning and non-combustible dust from the first oxidizer.

The method of claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the step of reintroducing the non-combustible powder into the second oxidizer, as well as the step of introducing a solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate into said second oxidizer.

10. A process according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the step of mixing a solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate and a non-combustible powder and adding this mixture to another oxidizer.

The process of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of blowing the gaseous oxygen into the first oxidizer.

12. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of blowing gas oxygen into the second oxidizer.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of injecting the waste fluid into another oxidizer.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste gas, the gaseous by-products of combustion and the non-combustible dust from the first oxidizer are cooled to obtain a cooled output stream, and that this output stream is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 177 ^c C to 204 ° C.

Process according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that the dry filtering is carried out by means of a filter bag.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace and the oxidation vessels operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises cooling the solid material at the outlet part of the furnace.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-combustible dust and solid, crumb-like primary aggregate are collected in a container directly connected to the oxidation region.

19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that a non-combustible powder, a solid, crumb-like, primary aggregate, is introduced into the oxidation area after the pre-set level is reached in this container.

20. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste dust contains dirty soil.

21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary fuel contains combustible liquid waste material, said waste material comprising a liquid selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent, oil waste products, liquid drilling waste oil and paint.

22. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of injecting the combustible liquid waste material into a second oxidizer.

23. A device for the treatment of hazardous waste into non-hazardous materials, characterized in that it comprises: the origin (28) of solid waste, the solid waste material being constituted by large, coarse waste and waste dust, the oxidation region (26, 56) comprising at least one container for introducing waste dust into the oxidation area (26, 56), the incineration area (36, 38, 44) in the oxidation area (26, 56), for processing waste dust into non-combustible dust, molten slag (40), and waste gas, area for extraction of waste gas and non-combustible dust from area (26, 56) for oxidation, area for separation of non-combustible dust from waste gas, area (84, 102) for introduction of non-combustible dust into molten slag (40) to form, in fact, the molten mixture, the area to remove this substantially molten mixture from the oxidation region (26, 56) and the cooler (106) to cool, in essence, the molten mixture to form said non-hazardous material.

Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the oxidation region comprises a first oxidizer (26) and a second oxidizer (56).

Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the second oxidizer (56) comprises a duct (102) for introducing non-combustible dust into the slag (40) in this second oxidizer (56).

Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the slag removal area (40) connected to the oxidation area (26, 56) comprises an opening (42) for separating said substantially molten mixture from the region (26, 56) for oxidation, as well as a burner for heating the material in the conduit (54) between the first oxidizer (26) and the second oxidizer (56) in the opening region (42).

Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the exhaust gas and non-combustible dust discharge area and the oxidation area (26, 56) comprise fans (76) to provide a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.

28. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the area for separating large solid waste material from the waste dust comprises a rotary kiln (10).

To: John M. Kent

16.Ο.Βοχ 1649, Slidell, Lousiana 70459, USA o o v ε alexand

LJUBLJAI '

Auntie

ABSTRACT

PROCEDURE AND DEVICES FOR THE USE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DANGEROUS AGGREGATES

The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the treatment of hazardous waste into non-hazardous aggregates. Hazardous waste is processed into non-hazardous aggregates that do not release harmful substances by introducing material into a rotary kiln (10) where large solids are at least partially combusted to form the primary aggregate. The gaseous by-products of combustion and waste dust are introduced into at least one oxidizer (26, 56) operating at a temperature in the range of about 982 ° C to about 1374 ° C. Under these conditions, a portion of the waste dust is melted to form a molten, slag-like material which is cooled to form a hazardous aggregate. The non-melted portion of the material in the oxidizer (26, 56) is cooled, neutralized and subjected to separation of solids from gas. The solids are reintroduced into the oxidizer (26, 56) with the primary aggregates where they either melt or remain in the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregates.

DRAWING 3