SI26432A - Lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and winch with the said pulley - Google Patents
Lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and winch with the said pulley Download PDFInfo
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- SI26432A SI26432A SI202200228A SI202200228A SI26432A SI 26432 A SI26432 A SI 26432A SI 202200228 A SI202200228 A SI 202200228A SI 202200228 A SI202200228 A SI 202200228A SI 26432 A SI26432 A SI 26432A
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
- B66D3/18—Power-operated hoists
- B66D3/24—Applications of limit switches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/54—Safety gear
- B66D1/56—Adaptations of limit switches
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Spodnji škripec vključuje krožno vrvenico prilagojeno za sprejem vrvi, ohišje, ki se oblikovno ujema z vrvenico, pri čemer ima ohišje dve stranici, zgornjo ukrivljeno ali večdelno zaščitno ploščo in vsaj en prosti, običajno frontalni del, kjer lahko vrv dostopa do vrvenice, in pritrdilni element za pritrditev na vitel. Nadalje ima spodnji škripec izklopno stikalo ali senzor za izklop navijanja vrvi nameščen v ohišju vitla, s katerim lahko sodeluje mehanizem za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi, ki ima: prosti delohišja vsaj deloma prekrit z izklopnim elementom premakljivo pritrjenim na ohišje spodnjega škripca v vpetju; spodnji del izklopnega elementa ali izklopnih ročic je povezan z vrtljivo vpeto ploščo, ki je lahko stranica ohišja škripca ali pa prednostno ločena plošča, ki je vrtljivo nameščena na stranico ohišja škripca, optimalno v osi med vrvenico in fiksno stranico ohišja škripca; pri čemer je vrtljiva plošča prilagojena za kontakt z vertikalno premičnim elementom, ki ga ob pomiku zaradi rotacije vrtljiveplošče lahko zazna omenjeni izklopni senzor ali stikalo nameščeno v konstrukciji vitla; in pri čemer v svoji skrajni legi vertikalno premični element pride v polje zaznavanja stikala ali senzorja ali pa iz omenjenega polja izpade, odvisno od nastavitev senzorja oziroma stikala, s čemer se lahko povzroči ustavitev navijanje vrvi.The lower pulley includes a circular sheave adapted to receive the rope, a housing that conforms to the sheave, the housing having two sides, an upper curved or multi-part shield plate and at least one free, usually frontal portion where the rope can access the sheave, and a fastening winch attachment element. Further, the lower sheave has a cut-off switch or sensor for turning off the rope winding installed in the winch housing, with which a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope can cooperate, having: the free work housing at least partially covered by a cut-off element movably attached to the housing of the lower sheave in the engagement; the lower part of the disconnecting element or the disconnecting levers is connected to a rotatably clamped plate, which can be the side of the pulley housing or preferably a separate plate that is rotatably mounted on the side of the pulley housing, optimally in the axis between the cord and the fixed side of the pulley housing; wherein the rotating plate is adapted for contact with a vertically movable element, which, when moved due to the rotation of the rotating plate, can be detected by said cut-off sensor or switch installed in the winch structure; and wherein, in its extreme position, the vertically movable element enters the detection field of the switch or sensor or falls out of said field, depending on the settings of the sensor or switch, which can cause the winding of the rope to stop.
Description
Spodnji škripec z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi in vitel z omenjenim škripcemLower pulley with rope winding stop mechanism and winch with said pulley
Področje tehnikeThe field of technology
Izum sodi na področje gozdarskih vitlov, bolj natančno na področje konstrukcijskih podrobnosti pri gozdarskih vitlih, ki so vezane na vlečenje bremena z navijanjem vrvi na boben preko škripca. Izum se nanaša na mehanizem za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi (t.i. izklopno stikalo) za spodnji škripec gozdarskega vitla in vitel z omenjenim škripcem.The invention belongs to the field of forestry winches, more precisely to the field of structural details of forestry winches, which are tied to pulling the load by winding the rope on the drum via the pulley. The invention relates to a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope (so-called cut-off switch) for the lower pulley of a forestry winch and a winch with said pulley.
Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem
Pri uporabi vitla lahko pride do situacije, ko je potrebno varno in zanesljivo prekiniti oziroma zaustaviti postopek vlečenja bremena z vitlom preko navijanja vlečne vrvi na boben. Pogosto se zgodi, da uporabnik vlečenja ne ustavi dovolj zgodaj, zaradi česar se vrv zarije med plasti navojev na bobnu ali pa se njen končni del poškoduje. Ob tem je možna tudi poškodba katerega izmed drugih konstrukcijskih elementov kot je na primer vodilo žične vrvi ali kakršenkoli pogonski del (verige, zobniki, lamele, itd.). Posledično je potrebno delo ustaviti, nemalokrat pa je vrv in/ali katerikoli drugi poškodovan del potrebno zamenjati zaradi trajnih deformacij.When using a winch, a situation may arise when it is necessary to safely and reliably interrupt or stop the process of pulling the load with the winch by winding the towing rope onto the drum. It often happens that the user does not stop the pull early enough, as a result of which the rope becomes buried between the layers of threads on the drum or the end of the rope is damaged. At the same time, it is also possible to damage one of the other structural elements, such as the wire rope guide or any drive part (chains, gears, lamellae, etc.). As a result, the work has to be stopped, and quite often the rope and/or any other damaged part has to be replaced due to permanent deformations.
Za preprečevanje opisanih poškodb zaradi prepozne zaustavitve navijanja vlečne vrvi na boben so bili razviti različni sistemi za zaustavitev navijanja kot so opisani v patentu EP 3095748, pa tudi v dokumentih Sl 25045 in Sl 25043. Te rešitve so prilagojene za zgornje škripce vitlov, ki so zasnovani drugače kot spodnji škripci, kajti skozi zgornje škripce je vrv vedno napeljana, medtem ko je pri spodnjem škripcu zaželeno enostavno in hitro vstavljanje ali odstranjevanje vrvi glede na potrebe pri delu.In order to prevent the described damage due to the late stopping of the winding of the towing rope on the drum, various systems have been developed for stopping the winding as described in the patent EP 3095748, as well as in the documents Sl 25045 and Sl 25043. These solutions are adapted for the upper pulleys of the winches, which are designed unlike the lower pulleys, because the rope is always routed through the upper pulleys, while with the lower pulley it is desirable to easily and quickly insert or remove the rope according to the needs of the work.
Spodnji škripci vitlov namreč služijo za znižanje težišče vlečne sile med vleko bremena z gozdarskim vitlom in predstavljajo pomemben del vitla, ki omogoča zanesljivo vleko bremena. Prav zaradi občasne uporabe, mora biti škripec pripravljen za hitro in enostavno uporabo, torej, da se hitro odpre, vstavi vrv in zapre. Tudi pri spodnjih škripcih je zaželen pravočasen izklop navijanja vrvi ob vleki bremena, še preden se slednji zaleti v škripec in ga poškoduje, zato je tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, konstrukcijska zasnova mehanizma za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi, ki bo primeren za spodnji škripec vitla. Pravočasen izklop pri spodnjih škripcih je celo bolj pomemben kot pri zgornjih škripcih, kajti v primeru uporabe zgornjega škripca, se v veliki meri hlodi najprej zadenejo v desko, kar uporabnik vidi ter prekine vlek. V primeru uporabe spodnjega škripca, pa temu ni tako, saj pride končni del vrvi v stik s škripcem še pred udarcem vlečenega bremena ob desko vitla.The lower pulleys of the winches serve to lower the center of gravity of the traction force when pulling the load with the forestry winch and represent an important part of the winch that enables reliable pulling of the load. Precisely because of occasional use, the pulley must be ready for quick and easy use, that is, to quickly open, insert the rope and close. Even with the lower pulleys, it is desirable to turn off the rope winding in time when the load is pulled, before the latter hits the pulley and damages it, so the technical problem that the present invention solves is the structural design of the mechanism for stopping the rope winding, which will be suitable for the lower pulley winches. Timely disconnection with the lower pulleys is even more important than with the upper pulleys, because in the case of using the upper pulley, to a large extent, the logs hit the board first, which the user sees and interrupts the pull. In the case of using the lower pulley, this is not the case, since the end of the rope comes into contact with the pulley even before the towed load hits the winch board.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
Patentna prijava EP3919427 opisuje spodnji škripec z izklopnim stikalom in vitel z omenjenim škripcem. Bistvo te rešitve škripca je v tem, da ima:Patent application EP3919427 describes a lower pulley with a cut-off switch and a winch with said pulley. The essence of this pulley solution is that it has:
- ohišje škripca, v katerem je, prednostno v zgornjem ali spodnjem delu, nameščeno induktivno stikalo ali katerokoli drugo stikalo ali senzor, ki lahko prekine vlečenje bremena po dotiku izklopnega elementa z bremenom;- the pulley housing, in which, preferably in the upper or lower part, an inductive switch or any other switch or sensor is installed, which can interrupt the pulling of the load after the disconnection element touches the load;
- enodelen ali večdelen izklopni element pritrjen na ogrodje spodnjega škripca, tako da lahko v svoji skrajni legi pride v polje ali izven polja zaznavanja stikala ali senzorja, pri čemer:- a one-part or multi-part disconnection element attached to the frame of the lower pulley, so that in its extreme position it can come into the field or outside the detection field of the switch or sensor, whereby:
o je v izklopnem elementu prostor, po katerem teče vlečna vrv, in o je izklopni element zaradi amortizacije sile vlečenega bremena vpet tudi v sredini elementa;o in the disconnecting element there is a space along which the towing rope runs, and o the disconnecting element is also clamped in the middle of the element due to the depreciation of the force of the towed load;
- in je izklopni element opremljen z vzmetjo nameščeno pri dodatnem, prednostno sredinskem, vpetju, ki amortizira vlečno silo ter poskrbi za vrnitev izklopnega elementa v izhodiščni položaj, ko na izklopni element ne deluje več vlečna sila bremena.- and the switch-off element is equipped with a spring installed in an additional, preferably central, clamp, which dampens the traction force and ensures that the switch-off element returns to its starting position when the load's traction force no longer acts on the switch-off element.
Alternativno je lahko dodatno vpetje opuščeno in se za povratni gib izklopnega elementa poskrbi z vzmetjo nameščeno nad glavno vpetje izklopnega elementa.Alternatively, the additional engagement may be omitted and the return movement of the tripping element provided by a spring placed above the main engagement of the tripping element.
Ta rešitev ima pomankljivost, da je senzor nameščen v samem škripcu, kar pomeni, da so kabli, ki povezujejo senzor s preostalimi elementi povezani s krmiljenjem navijanja in odvijanja vrvi iz bobna, izpostavljeni vplivom okolja. Še posebej je problematično zapletanje vej in podobnih predmetov med delom, kar lahko ogrozi delovanje naprave ali tudi uporabnika. Namen izuma je torej nadgradnja obstoječega spodnjega škripca z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi, ki bo odpravila pomanjkljivosti obstoječih rešitev.This solution has the disadvantage that the sensor is installed in the pulley itself, which means that the cables connecting the sensor to the rest of the elements connected to the control of winding and unwinding the rope from the drum are exposed to environmental influences. The entanglement of branches and similar objects during work is especially problematic, which can endanger the operation of the device or even the user. The purpose of the invention is therefore to upgrade the existing lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope, which will eliminate the shortcomings of the existing solutions.
Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem
Pričujoči izum temelji na spodnjem škripcu, ki se, kot je bilo opisano že zgoraj, po svoji zasnovi, obliki in delovanju razlikuje od zgornjega škripca vitla. Predstavlja nadgradnjo rešitve po EP3919427, saj omogoča postavitev senzorja ali stikala, ki posreduje pri izklopu navijanja vrvi, v ogrodje vitla, kar pomeni, da so vsi povezovalni kabli v notranjosti ter tako varni pred zunanjimi vplivi. Tehnični problem je rešen, kot je predstavljeno v neodvisnem patentnem zahtevku, medtem ko so prednostne izvedbe rešitve tehničnega problema predstavljene v odvisnih zahtevkih.The present invention is based on the lower pulley, which, as already described above, differs in its design, form and operation from the upper pulley of the winch. It represents an upgrade of the solution according to EP3919427, as it enables the placement of a sensor or switch, which mediates the disconnection of the rope winding, in the frame of the winch, which means that all connecting cables are inside and thus safe from external influences. The technical problem is solved as presented in the independent patent claim, while preferred embodiments of the solution to the technical problem are presented in the dependent claims.
Za hitro uporabo spodnjega škripca, ko se mora vstaviti vlečna vrvi, običajno skrbi posebno zasnovana konstrukcija, ki ima prilagojen premakljiv del, ki omogoča dostop do notranjosti ohišja, s čemer se lahko vstavi ali odstrani vlečna vrv oziroma jeklenica. Mehanizem za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi mora torej biti zasnovan tako, da omogoča nemoteno odpiranje in zapiranje premakljivega dela, s čemer je dostop do vrvi možen brez odstranitve komponent mehanizma za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi.The quick use of the lower pulley when the towing rope must be inserted is usually provided by a specially designed structure that has a customized movable part that allows access to the inside of the housing, with which the towing rope or steel wire can be inserted or removed. The rope take-up stop mechanism must therefore be designed to allow smooth opening and closing of the movable part, thereby allowing access to the rope without removing the rope take-up stop mechanism components.
Običajen spodnji škripec vključuje:A typical bottom pulley includes:
- krožno vrvenico, ki je prilagojena za sprejem vrvi,- a circular cord that is adapted to receive a rope,
- ohišje, ki se oblikovno ujema z vrvenico, pri čemer ima ohišje dve stranici, zgornjo ukrivljeno ali večdelno zaščitno ploščo in vsaj en prosti, običajno frontalni del, kjer lahko vrv dostopa do vrvenice, in- a casing that conforms in design to the cord, the casing having two sides, an upper curved or multi-part protective plate and at least one free, usually frontal part where the cord can access the cord, and
- pritrdilni element za pritrditev na vitel.- fastening element for attachment to the winch.
Bistvo spodnjega škripca z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi po izumu je v tem, da je senzor ali stikalo za izklop navijanja vrvi postavljen v ohišje vitla ali na ohišje vitla v primernem ohišju, omenjeni mehanizem pa je zasnovan na sledeč način:The essence of the bottom pulley with the rope winding stop mechanism according to the invention is that the sensor or switch for turning off the rope winding is placed in the winch housing or on the winch housing in a suitable housing, and the mentioned mechanism is designed in the following way:
- prosti del škripca je vsaj deloma prekrit z izklopnim elementom (naletnim vzvodom), ki je:- the free part of the pulley is at least partially covered by the disconnecting element (clamping lever), which is:
o enodelen ali večdelen, prednostno pa je omenjeni element sestavljen iz leve in desne izklopne ročice, o premakljivo pritrjen na ohišje spodnjega škripca v vpetju, katerega povratni gib za vrnitev izklopnega elementa oziroma ročic v izhodiščni položaj, ko na element oziroma ročici ne deluje več vlečna sila bremena, je omogočen z vzmetjo vpeto nad vpetjem ali enako delujočim drugim elementom, in o opremljen s primerno odprtino za vlečno vrv oziroma je med obema ročicama zagotovljen prostor, po katerem teče vlečna vrv,o one-part or multi-part, preferably the mentioned element consists of a left and right disconnecting lever, o movably attached to the housing of the lower pulley in the coupling, the return movement of which is to return the disconnecting element or the levers to their starting position, when the element or the lever no longer acts on the traction the force of the load, is made possible by a spring clamped above the hitch or another element that works in the same way, and o is equipped with a suitable opening for the towing rope, or there is a space between the two levers through which the towing rope runs,
- izklopni element ali izklopne ročice, prednostno spodnji del izklopnega elementa ali izklopnih ročic, je povezan z vrtljivo vpeto ploščo, ki je lahko stranica ohišja škripca ali pa ločena ploščica, ki je vrtljivo nameščena na stranico ohišja škripca, prednostno v osi med vrvenico in fiksno stranico ohišja škripca, pri čemer je povezava lahko katera koli primerna, prednostno vijačena ali kovičena tako, da omogoča vrtenje oz. vrtljivo gibanje,- the disconnecting element or the disconnecting levers, preferably the lower part of the disconnecting element or the disconnecting levers, is connected to a rotatably clamped plate, which can be the side of the pulley housing or a separate plate that is rotatably mounted on the side of the pulley housing, preferably in the axis between the cord and the fixed the side of the pulley housing, whereby the connection can be any suitable, preferably screwed or riveted so as to allow rotation or rotary motion,
- pri čemer je vrtljiva plošča prilagojena za kontakt z vertikalno premičnim elementom, ki ga lahko zazna senzor ali stikalo nameščeno v konstrukciji vitla, in- wherein the rotating plate is adapted to contact a vertically movable element that can be detected by a sensor or switch installed in the winch structure, and
- pri čemer v svoji skrajni legi zgornji del ali spodnji del vertikalno premičnega elementa pride v polje zaznavanja stikala ali senzorja ali pa iz omenjenega polja izpade, odvisno od nastavitev senzorja oziroma stikala, s čemer se lahko povzroči ustavitev navijanje vrvi.- whereby in its extreme position the upper or lower part of the vertically movable element enters the detection field of the switch or sensor or falls out of the said field, depending on the settings of the sensor or switch, which can cause the winding of the rope to stop.
Vertikalno premični element je lahko na vrhu opremljen s ploščico ali drugim podobnim elementom, ki ga lahko zazna senzor ali stikalo, ali pa je vrh samega premičnega elementa štrleče oblikovan, tako da štrli v smeri proti ohišju vitla oz. naletni plošči, kjer je nameščen senzor oziroma stikalo. Omenjeni vertikalni premični element je torej prilagojen za interakcijo s senzorjem ali stikalom v vitlu, ki je tako skrit v konstrukciji vitla in njegovi kabli torej niso izpostavljeni zunanjim vplivom.The vertically movable element can be equipped at the top with a plate or other similar element that can be detected by a sensor or a switch, or the top of the movable element itself has a projecting design so that it protrudes in the direction of the winch housing or front panel where the sensor or switch is installed. The mentioned vertical movable element is therefore adapted to interact with the sensor or switch in the winch, which is thus hidden in the construction of the winch and its cables are therefore not exposed to external influences.
Kontakt med vrtljivo ploščo in vertikalno premičnim elementom je lahko katerikoli, ki poskrbi, da se ob premiku izklopnega elementa (naletnega vzvoda) proti ohišju vitla in posledično rotaciji vrtljive plošče premični element premakne navzgor ter obratno, da se ob premiku izklopnega elementa stran od ohišja vitla (ko se končni del vrvi odmika od škripca) ter rotaciji vrtljive plošče v drugi smeri vertikalno premični element pomakne navzdol. Prednostna izvedba povezave oz. kontakta je z zobci, tako da je vertikalno premični element po eni strani opremljen z zobci, ki se ujemajo z zobci na vsaj enem delu vrtljive plošče. Namesto zobcev je lahko uporabljen katerikoli drug primeren prenos gibanja, vključno z vzvodi, ročicami, paralelogramskimi mehanizmi in podobno, ki je prilagojen za spremembo rotacijskega gibanja vrtljive plošče v linearno gibanje vertikalno premičnega elementa.The contact between the rotating plate and the vertically movable element can be any contact that ensures that when the cut-off element (flap lever) is moved towards the winch housing and, as a result, the rotating plate rotates, the movable element moves up, and vice versa, that when the cut-off element is moved away from the winch housing (when the end of the rope moves away from the pulley) and the rotation of the turntable in the other direction moves the vertically movable element down. Preferred execution of the connection or is in contact with the teeth, so that the vertically movable element is provided on one side with teeth that match the teeth on at least one part of the rotating plate. Instead of gears, any other suitable transmission of motion may be used, including levers, cranks, parallelogram mechanisms, and the like, adapted to change the rotary motion of the turntable into linear motion of the vertically movable member.
Namesto vzmeti se lahko za povratni gib izklopnega elementa oziroma izklopnih ročic, ki sestavljata izklopni element, uporabi tudi primeren strojni element, ki omogoča vrnitev elementa oziroma ročic v začetno pozicijo, v kateri ni interakcije škripca oziroma vsaj ene njegove komponente s senzorjem oziroma stikalom za prekinitev navijanja vrvi.Instead of a spring, a suitable mechanical element can also be used for the return movement of the disconnecting element or levers that make up the disconnecting element, which allows the element or levers to return to the initial position, in which there is no interaction of the pulley or at least one of its components with the sensor or the break switch winding ropes.
Dodatno je lahko izklopni element vpet na ohišje škripca v dodatnem vpetju, ki je lahko opcijsko vzmetno podprto. Dodatno vpetje izklopnih ročic, ki je prednostno sredinsko, je lahko izvedeno s pomočjo ušes na vsaki strani izklopnega elementa oziroma na vsaki ročici ter ušes na vsaki strani ohišja, pri čemer je skozi luknje v omenjenih ušesih nameščen vijak z vzmetjo, pozicija vijaka pa je zavarovana z matico. To dodatno vpetje je lahko kjerkoli.In addition, the release element can be clamped to the pulley housing in an additional clamp, which can optionally be spring-supported. Additional fastening of the disconnecting levers, which is preferably central, can be carried out with the help of lugs on each side of the disconnecting element or on each lever and lugs on each side of the housing, whereby a screw with a spring is installed through the holes in the mentioned lugs, and the position of the screw is secured with nut. This additional engagement can be anywhere.
Izklopni ročici imata prednostno ojačitve, običajno v obliki ojačitvenih reber, ki zmanjšujejo možnost poškodb ročic zaradi sil ob naletu končnega elementa vrvi. Material je lahko katerikoli primeren za izvedbo ojačitev, ki je poznan strokovnjaku na področju. Ojačitve so lahko prisotne tudi pri enodelni izvedbi izklopnega elementa. Leta je lahko oblikovan element, ki je sestavljen iz desnega in levega elementa, ki sta zgoraj združena v enoten del, ki je vpet v enem vrtišču.The disconnecting levers preferably have reinforcements, usually in the form of reinforcing ribs, which reduce the possibility of damage to the levers due to the forces when the end element of the rope is struck. The material can be any material suitable for the implementation of reinforcements, which is known to a person skilled in the art. Reinforcements can also be present in the one-piece design of the disconnection element. In years, an element can be formed, which consists of a right and left element, which are combined above into a single part, which is clamped in one pivot.
Izklop navijanja vrvi z uporabo zgoraj opisanega škripca se lahko izvede na dva načina: 1. vertikalno premični element je med navijanjem vrvi izven polja zaznavanja senzorja, ob pritisku bremena pa pride do premika izklopnega elementa proti ohišju vitla, kar povzroči rotacijo vrtljive plošče v smeri urinega kazalca in posledično premik vertikalno premičnega elementa navzgor, zaradi česar pride v polje zaznavanja senzorja ali stikala in ga s tem aktivira in/ali prekine tokokrog, kar sproži izklop navijanja vrvi;Disabling the rope winding using the pulley described above can be done in two ways: 1. the vertically movable element is outside the detection field of the sensor during the winding of the rope, and when the load is pressed, the switching element moves towards the winch housing, which causes the rotating plate to rotate clockwise the pointer and the resulting upward movement of the vertically movable element, as a result of which it enters the detection field of the sensor or switch and thereby activates it and/or breaks the circuit, which triggers the shutdown of the rope winding;
2. vertikalno premični element je med navijanjem vrvi v polju zaznavanja senzorja, kar omogoča nemoteno navijanje vrvi, ob pritisku bremena na izklopni element pa se le-ta premakne proti ohišju vitla, kar povzroči rotacijo vrtljive plošče v smeri urinega kazalca in posledično premik vertikalno premičnega elementa navzgor, tako, da ni več v polju zaznavanja senzorja ali stikala, kar senzor ali stikalo aktivira in/ali prekine tokokrog in sproži izklop navijanja vrvi na boben vitla.2. the vertically movable element is in the detection field of the sensor during the winding of the rope, which enables smooth winding of the rope, and when the load is pressed on the disconnecting element, it moves towards the winch housing, which causes the rotation of the rotating plate in the clockwise direction and, consequently, the movement of the vertically movable the element up so that it is no longer within the sensing range of the sensor or switch, which activates the sensor or switch and/or breaks the circuit and initiates a shutdown of the winch drum.
Alternativno sta lahko vertikalno premičen element in vrtljiva plošča zasnovana tako, da se vertikalno premični element ob pritisku bremena zaradi rotacije vrtljive plošče v nasprotni smeri urinega kazalca premakne navzdol. S tem lahko pride v polje ali izven polja zaznavanja senzorja oziroma stikala, kar deluje na enak način kot za zgoraj opisani primer. V primeru, ko se zaustavitev navijanja zgodi zaradi premika vertikalno premičnega elementa navzdol, je vpetje naletnega vzvoda spodaj, povezava vertikalno premičnega elementa na ploščo pa zgoraj.Alternatively, the vertically movable member and the rotating plate may be designed such that the vertically movable member moves downward when the load is applied due to the counter-clockwise rotation of the rotating plate. With this, it can come in or out of the detection field of the sensor or switch, which works in the same way as for the example described above. In the case when the winding stop occurs due to the downward movement of the vertically movable element, the engagement of the landing lever is below, and the connection of the vertically movable element to the plate is above.
V mehanizmu škripca po izumu se lahko uporabi kakršenkoli senzor, prednostno induktivni, magnetni, kapacitivni ali optični senzor. Senzorje lahko nadomestijo tudi stikala ali podobni elementi za prekinitev funkcije. Prednostno se uporabi induktivni senzor majhnih dimenzij, da je popolnoma skrit v ohišju vitla, pri čemer običajno približanje ali odmik vertikalno premičnega elementa na vnaprej določeno razdaljo glede na tip stikala oziroma senzorja, prednostno na dolžino med 2 in 5 mm, najbolj običajno na dolžino približno 3 mm, le-to ustavi navijanje vrvi oziroma delovanje vitla in s tem prepreči poškodbo vitla ali žične vrvi. Senzor ali stikalo je lahko nameščen tudi na ohišju vitla, a mora biti zaščiten s primernim ohišjem, zaščitno pločevino ali podobnim strukturnim elementom. Ta možnost sicer ni tako ugodna, saj je senzor lažje izpostavljen okoljskim dejavnikom in/ali nečistočam, ki lahko vplivajo na njegovo delovanje.In the pulley mechanism according to the invention, any sensor can be used, preferably an inductive, magnetic, capacitive or optical sensor. Sensors can also be replaced by switches or similar elements to interrupt the function. An inductive sensor of small dimensions is preferably used, so that it is completely hidden in the winch housing, with the vertical moving element usually approaching or moving away to a predetermined distance according to the type of switch or sensor, preferably to a length between 2 and 5 mm, most usually to a length of approx. 3 mm, this stops the winding of the rope or the operation of the winch and thus prevents damage to the winch or the wire rope. The sensor or switch can also be installed on the winch housing, but it must be protected by a suitable housing, protective sheet or similar structural element. This option is otherwise not so favorable, as the sensor is more easily exposed to environmental factors and/or impurities that can affect its operation.
Spodnji škripec z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi je lahko vgrajen v katerikoli vitel ali traktor, pri čemer je lahko vitel enobobenski ali večbobenski.The lower pulley with the rope winding stop mechanism can be installed in any winch or tractor, the winch can be single-drum or multi-drum.
Spodnji škripec z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi bo v nadaljevanju opisan s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujejo:The lower pulley with the mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope will be described below with the help of an exemplary embodiment and pictures showing:
Slika 1 Notranjost konstrukcije spodnjega škripca z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi po možnem izvedbenem primeruFigure 1 Interior of the structure of the lower pulley with the mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope according to a possible embodiment
Slika 2 Spodnji škripec v možnem izvedbenem primeru v stanju navijanja, ko končni del vrvi še ni v kontaktu z izklopnim elementomFigure 2 The lower pulley in a possible embodiment in the winding state, when the end part of the rope is not yet in contact with the disconnecting element
Slika 3 Spodnji škripec v možnem izvedbenem primeru v stanju prekinjenega oz. končanega navijanja, ko je končni del vrvi v kontaktu z izklopnim elementomFigure 3 The lower pulley in a possible embodiment in the state of interrupted or winding is completed when the end of the rope is in contact with the release element
Prednostna izvedba spodnjega škripca z mehanizmom za izklop navijanja je prikazana na sliki 1, pa tudi slikah 2 in 3, kjer so nekatere komponente bolje vidne, in sicer je škripec sestavljen iz:A preferred embodiment of the bottom pulley with take-off mechanism is shown in Figure 1, as well as Figures 2 and 3 where some of the components are more clearly visible, namely the pulley consists of:
- krožne vrvenice 1 prilagojene za sprejem vrvi,- circular ropes 1 adapted to accept ropes,
- ohišja 2, ki se oblikovno ujema z vrvenico 1, pri čemer ima ohišje 2:- housing 2, which matches the design of cord 1, where housing 2 has:
o dve stranici 21, o zgornjo ukrivljeno ali večdelno zaščitno ploščo 22, in o vsaj en prosti, običajno frontalni del 23, kjer lahko vrv dostopa do vrvenice 1,o two sides 21, o an upper curved or multi-part protective plate 22, and o at least one free, usually frontal part 23, where the rope can access the cord 1,
- pritrdilnega elementa 3 za pritrditev na vitel,- fastening element 3 for attachment to the winch,
- izklopnega stikala ali senzorja 4 za izklop navijanja vrvi nameščen v ohišju vitla, s katerim lahko sodeluje mehanizem za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi, ki vključuje:- a cut-off switch or sensor 4 for turning off the winding of the rope installed in the winch housing, with which the mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope can cooperate, which includes:
o izklopni element 5, ki vsaj deloma prekriva prosti del 23 ohišja 2, kjer je izklopni element 5 premakljivo pritrjen na ohišje spodnjega škripca v vpetju 51, o del izklopnega elementa 5, ki je prednostno oblikovan kot par izklopnih ročic, je povezan z vrtljivo vpeto ploščo 6, ki je lahko stranica ohišja škripca ali pa ločena plošča, ki je vrtljivo nameščena na stranico ohišja škripca, prednostno v osi 62 med vrvenico in fiksno stranico ohišja škripca, pri čemer je vrtljiva plošča 6 prilagojena za kontakt z vertikalno premičnim elementom 7, ki ga ob pomiku zaradi rotacije vrtljive plošče 6 lahko zazna omenjeni izklopni senzor ali stikalo 4 nameščeno v ohišju vitla, in pri čemer v svoji skrajni legi vertikalno premični element 7 pride v polje zaznavanja stikala ali senzorja 4 ali pa iz omenjenega polja izpade, odvisno od nastavitev senzorja oziroma stikala 4, s čemer se lahko povzroči ustavitev navijanja vrvi.o the cut-off element 5, which at least partially covers the free part 23 of the housing 2, where the cut-off element 5 is movably attached to the housing of the lower pulley in the coupling 51, o the part of the cut-off element 5, which is preferably designed as a pair of cut-off levers, is connected to a rotating coupling plate 6, which may be the side of the pulley housing or a separate plate rotatably mounted on the side of the pulley housing, preferably in the axis 62 between the cord and the fixed side of the pulley housing, wherein the rotating plate 6 is adapted to contact the vertically movable element 7, which, when moved due to the rotation of the rotating plate 6, can be detected by the mentioned switch-off sensor or switch 4 installed in the winch housing, and whereby in its extreme position the vertically movable element 7 enters the detection field of the switch or sensor 4 or falls out of the said field, depending on setting of the sensor or switch 4, which can cause the rope winding to stop.
Kot kaže slika 1 ima izklopni element 5 tudi primeren strojni element, ki omogoča vrnitev elementa 5 v začetno pozicijo, v kateri ni interakcije škripca oziroma vsaj ene njegove komponente s senzorjem oziroma stikalom 4 za prekinitev navijanja vrvi, pri čemer je za povratni gib izklopnega elementa prednostno uporabljena vsaj ena vzmet 52.As shown in figure 1, the disconnecting element 5 also has a suitable mechanical element that enables the return of the element 5 to the initial position, in which there is no interaction of the pulley or at least one of its components with the sensor or switch 4 to interrupt the winding of the rope, whereby the return movement of the disconnecting element is preferably at least one spring 52 is used.
Omenjeno stikalo oziroma senzor 4, ki je lahko katerokoli primerno, najbolj zaželeno pa je induktivno stikalo, je nameščeno v ohišje vitla blizu dela, kjer je škripec pritrjen na ohišje, tako da se lahko vertikalno premični element 7 pomakne v polje zaznavanja senzorja ali stikala 4 oziroma se iz polja umakne. Od nastavitev senzorja ali stikala 4 je odvisno ali bo premik v ali premik izven polja sprožil ustavitev navijanja vrvi na boben vitla.Said switch or sensor 4, which can be any suitable, but most preferably an inductive switch, is installed in the winch housing near the part where the pulley is attached to the housing, so that the vertically movable element 7 can be moved into the detection field of the sensor or switch 4 or withdraws from the field. It depends on the settings of the sensor or switch 4 whether a movement in or a movement out of the field will trigger a stop of the winding of the rope on the winch drum.
Kontakt med vrtljivo ploščo 6 in vertikalno premičnim elementom 7 je izveden z zobci 61, 71, tako da je vertikalno premični element 7 po eni strani opremljen z zobci 71, ki se ujemajo z zobci 61 na vsaj enem delu vrtljive plošče 6.The contact between the rotating plate 6 and the vertically movable element 7 is made with teeth 61, 71, so that the vertically movable element 7 is equipped with teeth 71 on the one hand, which match the teeth 61 on at least one part of the rotating plate 6.
Slika 2 prikazuje spodnji škripec z mehanizmom za zaustavitev navijanja vrvi iz slike 1, in sicer ko je spodnji škripec v stanju navijanja, ko končni del vrvi 8 še ni v kontaktu z izklopnim elementom 5. Vertikalno premični element 7 je s svojim zgornjim delom 72 prirejenim za sodelovanje s senzorjem ali stikalom 4 med navijanjem vrvi v polju zaznavanja senzorja oziroma stikala 4. Slika 3 prikazuje spodnji škripec v stanju prekinjenega oz. končanega navijanja, ko je končni del vrvi 8 v kontaktu z izklopnim elementom 5. Ob pritisku bremena oziroma končnega dela vrvi na izklopni ročici 5 pride do premika izklopnega elementa 5 proti ohišju vitla, kar povzroči rotacijo vrtljive plošče 6 v smeri urinega kazalca in posledično premik vertikalno premičnega elementa 7 navzgor, zaradi česar zgornji del 72 vertikalno premičnega elementa 7 izpade iz polja zaznavanja senzorja ali stikala 4 in ga s tem aktivira in/ali prekine tokokrog, kar sproži izklop navijanja vrvi.Fig. 2 shows the lower pulley with the mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope from Fig. 1, namely when the lower pulley is in the winding state, when the end part of the rope 8 is not yet in contact with the disconnecting element 5. The vertically movable element 7 is adapted with its upper part 72 to cooperate with the sensor or switch 4 during the winding of the rope in the field of detection of the sensor or switch 4. Figure 3 shows the lower pulley in the state of interrupted or completed winding, when the end part of the rope 8 is in contact with the disconnecting element 5. When the load or the end part of the rope is pressed on the disconnecting lever 5, the disconnecting element 5 moves towards the winch housing, which causes the rotating plate 6 to rotate clockwise and consequently move of the vertically movable element 7 upwards, causing the upper part 72 of the vertically movable element 7 to fall out of the detection field of the sensor or switch 4 and thereby actuate it and/or break the circuit, which initiates the shutdown of the rope winding.
Delovanje izklopnega stikala je lahko tudi obratno, in sicer da je v stanju navijanja zgornji del vertikalno premičnega elementa izven polja zaznavanja senzorja, ob pritisku bremena pa se premakne v polje zaznavanja senzorja. V tem primeru je torej senzor nameščen na višji poziciji, kot je prikazan na slikah 2 in 3.The operation of the cut-off switch can also be the other way around, namely that in the winding state, the upper part of the vertically movable element is outside the detection field of the sensor, but when the load is pressed, it moves into the detection field of the sensor. In this case, the sensor is therefore placed in a higher position than shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202200228A SI26432A (en) | 2022-11-21 | 2022-11-21 | Lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and winch with the said pulley |
| EP23210477.8A EP4371924A1 (en) | 2022-11-21 | 2023-11-16 | Pulley with a mechanism for terminating winding of a rope and a winch comprising said pulley |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202200228A SI26432A (en) | 2022-11-21 | 2022-11-21 | Lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and winch with the said pulley |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI26432A true SI26432A (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202200228A SI26432A (en) | 2022-11-21 | 2022-11-21 | Lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and winch with the said pulley |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4371924A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI26432A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI24997A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-30 | PIĹ EK - VITLI KRPAN, d.o.o. | A winch with a safety mechanism to stop the winding of the rope |
| SI26002A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-30 | PIŠEK - VITLI KRPAN, d.o.o. | The lower pulley with a mechanism for stopping the winding of the rope and the winch with said pulley |
| CN114233020A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-25 | 中铁二十四局集团有限公司 | Tower column reflector positioning device |
-
2022
- 2022-11-21 SI SI202200228A patent/SI26432A/en unknown
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- 2023-11-16 EP EP23210477.8A patent/EP4371924A1/en active Pending
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| EP4371924A1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
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