SI26377A - Device for processing logs into firewood - Google Patents

Device for processing logs into firewood Download PDF

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Publication number
SI26377A
SI26377A SI202200112A SI202200112A SI26377A SI 26377 A SI26377 A SI 26377A SI 202200112 A SI202200112 A SI 202200112A SI 202200112 A SI202200112 A SI 202200112A SI 26377 A SI26377 A SI 26377A
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Slovenia
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piston rod
mentioned
stroke
splitting
reed switch
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SI202200112A
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Slovenian (sl)
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Srečko Pertinač
David Koprivc
Robert Grosar
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Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O.
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Application filed by Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O. filed Critical Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O.
Priority to SI202200112A priority Critical patent/SI26377A/en
Priority to PCT/SI2023/000005 priority patent/WO2024015024A1/en
Publication of SI26377A publication Critical patent/SI26377A/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B27L7/06—Arrangements for splitting wood using wedges, knives or spreaders

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

Naprava za predelavo hlodovine v drva uporabniku omogoča izbiranje med različnimi dolžinami (L1, L2) hoda batnice (21) hidravličnega cilindra (2) v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju (3) in tudi v obratni smeri, s tem pa občutno skrajšanje časa vsakega posameznega ciklusa in posledično povečanje storilnost tovrstne naprave. V ta namen sta na batnici (21) vgrajena vsaj dva vzdolž centralne osi (200) batnice (21) med seboj razmaknjena permanentna magneta (71, 72), ki sta razporejena vsaj približno v isti diametralni ravnini batnice (21) in glede na omenjeno centralno os (200) tudi na isti strani batnice (21), medtem ko je v ogrodju (1) v bližini batnice (21) vgrajeno elektromagnetno Reed stikalo (8), ki je prirejeno za sodelovanje z vsakim izmed omenjenih magnetov (71, 72) v smislu ustvarjanja električnih impulzov pri dospetju vsakega izmed magnetov (71, 72) v zaznavno območje omenjenega Reed stikala (8).The device for processing logs into firewood allows the user to choose between different lengths (L1, L2) of the stroke of the piston (21) of the hydraulic cylinder (2) in the direction towards the splitting tool (3) and also in the opposite direction, thereby significantly reducing the time of each individual cycle and consequently increasing the productivity of this type of device. For this purpose, at least two permanent magnets (71, 72) spaced along the central axis (200) of the piston rod (21) are installed on the piston rod (21), which are arranged at least approximately in the same diametrical plane of the piston rod (21) and according to the aforementioned the central axis (200) also on the same side of the piston rod (21), while in the framework (1) near the piston rod (21) an electromagnetic Reed switch (8) is installed, which is adapted to cooperate with each of the mentioned magnets (71, 72 ) in the sense of generating electric pulses when each of the magnets (71, 72) reaches the sensing area of the mentioned Reed switch (8).

Description

Naprava za predelavo hlodovine v drvaA device for processing logs into firewood

Izum v okviru izvajanja delovnih operacij spada na področje predelave lesa, namreč k napravam za cepljenje drv s pomočjo rezil ali zagozd. Po mednarodni klasifikaciji patentov so tovrstni izumi razvrščeni v razred B 27 L 07/06.In the context of working operations, the invention belongs to the field of wood processing, namely to devices for splitting firewood with the help of blades or wedges. According to the international classification of patents, such inventions are classified in class B 27 L 07/06.

Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako zasnovati napravo za predelavo hlodovine v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisane vrste, ki bo po eni strani omogočala učinkovito razrezovanje hlodovine na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine in potem cepljenje vsakokratnega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine na posamezna polena in torej v drva, pri tem pa naj bi bilo vsaj v primerih, kadar je to možno, uporabniku omogočeno izbiranje med različnimi dolžinami hoda potisnega bata v hidravličnem cilindru v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju in tudi v obratni smeri, s tem pa občutno skrajšati čas vsakega posameznega ciklusa in posledično povečati storilnost tovrstne naprave.Here, the invention is based on the problem of how to design a device for processing logs of the type described in more detail below, which will enable, on the one hand, the efficient cutting of logs into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length and then the splitting of each longitudinal section of the log into individual logs and therefore into firewood, in this case, at least in cases where this is possible, the user should be able to choose between different stroke lengths of the push piston in the hydraulic cylinder in the direction towards the splitting tool and also in the opposite direction, thereby significantly reducing the time of each individual cycle and consequently increasing performance of this type of device.

Naprave za predelavo hlodovine v drva so v stanju tehnike znane v različnih izvedbah. Relevantna naprava obsega dovolj robustno ogrodje, ki je na stabilen način namestljivo na vsakokratno podlago. Na ogrodju je na voljo transportno sredstvo za transportiranje hloda v horizontalni smeri od vstopnega konca naprave proti cepilnemu koncu, v območju katerega je na ogrodju pritrjeno fiksno cepilno orodje. Nad omenjenim transportnim sredstvom je na ogrodju naprave montirana žaga, ki je prirejena za razrez hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine, ki v praksi znaša npr. približno 50 cm ali pa tudi manj, npr. 33 cm, kar predstavlja dolžino običajnega vsestransko uporabnega in tudi za domačo uporabo komercialno zanimivega polena. Nadalje je v omenjenem ogrodju v območju med omenjeno žago in cepilnim orodjem na voljo cepilno korito, ki se nahaja v vmesnem nivoju med nivojem podlage in nivojem omenjenega transportnega sredstva za transportiranje hloda. Cepilno korito je dovolj obsežno za prejem odžaganega odseka hlodovine, ki ne presega vnaprej določenega naj večjega premera in katerega dolžina je krajša od največje dopustne dolžine. V območje cepilnega korita sega v vzdolžni smeri naprave potekajoč hidravlični cilinder, v katerem je vstavljen bat z batnico, ki štrli v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju. Batnica hidravličnega cilindra je prirejena za potiskanje v omenjeno cepilno korito vstavljenega dolžinskega odseka hloda v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju. V ta namen je cilinder fiksno vgrajen v ogrodju naprave, na proti cepilnemu orodju obrnjenem koncu batnice pa je na voljo primemo obsežna pročelna naležna površina, ki je prirejena za naleganje na omenjenem dolžinskem odseku hlodovine v cepilnem koritu med potiskanjem omenjenega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju. Hidravlični cilinder je oskrbovan s hidravličnim medijem, bat pa je v cilindru v njegovi vzdolžni smeri sem ter tja premakljiv ob posredovanju krmilnih ventilov za preusmerjanje hidravličnega medija na eno ali drugo stran bata. Hidravlični rezervoar in črpalka za komprimiranje hidravličnega medija sta običajno na voljo v ogrodju naprave, pogon črpalke pa se lahko vrši s pomočjo traktorske kardanske gredi ali pa tudi drugače. Hod bata mora v splošnem presegati dolžino omenjenega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine. Če v praksi največja dolžina odseka hlodovine znaša 50 cm, dolžina cepilnega korita in hod bata oz. cilindra tako znašata približno 60 cm.Devices for processing logs into firewood are known in the state of the art in various designs. The relevant device comprises a sufficiently robust frame, which can be installed in a stable manner on any base. A transport means is available on the frame for transporting the log in a horizontal direction from the inlet end of the device towards the splitting end, in the area of which a fixed splitting tool is attached to the frame. Above the aforementioned means of transport, a saw is mounted on the frame of the device, which is adapted for cutting a log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length, which in practice amounts to e.g. about 50 cm or even less, e.g. 33 cm, which represents the length of a common all-purpose and commercially interesting log for home use as well. Furthermore, in the mentioned frame, in the area between the said saw and the splitting tool, a splitting trough is available, which is located in an intermediate level between the level of the base and the level of the mentioned transport means for transporting the log. The splitting trough is large enough to receive a sawn section of the log, which does not exceed the predetermined maximum diameter and whose length is shorter than the maximum permissible length. A hydraulic cylinder extending in the longitudinal direction of the device extends into the region of the splitting trough, in which a piston with a piston rod is inserted, which protrudes in the direction of the splitting tool. The piston of the hydraulic cylinder is adapted to push the inserted longitudinal section of the log into the said splitting trough in the direction towards the splitting tool. For this purpose, the cylinder is fixedly installed in the frame of the device, and at the end of the piston rod facing the splitting tool, there is a large front bearing surface, which is adapted to rest on the mentioned longitudinal section of the log in the splitting trough while pushing the said longitudinal section of the log in the direction towards cutting tool. The hydraulic cylinder is supplied with hydraulic medium, and the piston can be moved back and forth in the cylinder in its longitudinal direction with the intervention of control valves for diverting the hydraulic medium to one or the other side of the piston. The hydraulic tank and the pump for compressing the hydraulic medium are usually available in the frame of the device, and the drive of the pump can be done with the help of the tractor cardan shaft or in another way. The stroke of the piston must generally exceed the length of the mentioned longitudinal section of the log. If in practice the maximum length of the log section is 50 cm, the length of the splitting trough and the stroke of the piston or the cylinders thus amount to approximately 60 cm.

Ena izmed naprav z obravnavanimi značilnostmi je opisana npr. v EP 3 928 940 Al, medtem ko sta še nekoliko bolj sofisticirani napravi za predelavo odseka hlodovine v drva z večfaznim cepljenjem opisani tudi v SI 25007 A in SI 25612 A. Po drugi strani so znani tudi številni koncepti formiranja samih cepilnih orodij, ena izmed izvedb pa je vključno z omembo še tudi nekaterih že prej znanih rešitev opisana npr. v SI 24966 A.One of the devices with the discussed characteristics is described, for example, in EP 3 928 940 Al, while slightly more sophisticated devices for processing a log section into firewood with multiphase splitting are also described in SI 25007 A and SI 25612 A. On the other hand, many concepts for forming the splitting tools themselves are also known, one of implementations, including the mention of some previously known solutions, are described, e.g. in SI 24966 A.

Strokovnjakom je znano, da so po eni strani za cepljenje potrebne razmeroma velike sile, ki jih je sicer s pomočjo omenjenega hidravličnega cilindra in ustreznega cepilnega orodja načeloma sicer možno brez večjih težav zagotoviti, po drugi strani pa so pomiki bata in batnice vzdolž cilindra razmeroma počasni. Vsak delovni ciklus pri cepljenju vključuje korak žaganja vsakokratnega odseka hlodovine in premeščanje odžaganega odseka v cepilno korito, nato pa po vklopu hidravličnega cilindra na osnovi ustreznega impulza, ki se ga sproži npr. z ročico ali pa s tipko, sledi delovni hod s premikanjem bata z batnico v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju, pri čemer batnica s svojo pročelno naležno površino pred seboj v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju potiska omenjen dolžinski odsek hloda, ki se potem v območju omenjenega cepilnega orodja postopoma razcepi na posamezna polena. Po zaključenem delovnem hodu, ko bat dospe do konca svoje poti v cilindru, krmilni ventil preklopi smer dovajanja hidravličnega medija na nasprotno stran bata, kar potem povzroči postopno vračanje bata nazaj v njegov prvoten oz.Experts know that, on the one hand, relatively large forces are required for splitting, which can in principle be provided without major problems with the help of the aforementioned hydraulic cylinder and a suitable splitting tool, but on the other hand, the movements of the piston and piston rod along the cylinder are relatively slow . Each work cycle in splitting includes the step of sawing each section of the log and moving the sawn section into the splitting trough, and then after switching on the hydraulic cylinder based on the corresponding impulse, which is triggered by e.g. with a lever or a button, the working stroke follows by moving the piston with the piston in the direction of the splitting tool, whereby the piston with its front bearing surface in front of it in the direction of the splitting tool pushes the mentioned longitudinal section of the log, which is then in the area of the mentioned splitting tool gradually split into individual logs. After the completed working stroke, when the piston reaches the end of its journey in the cylinder, the control valve switches the direction of the supply of hydraulic medium to the opposite side of the piston, which then causes the piston to gradually return to its original position.

izhodiščni položaj, v katerem potem obmiruje in v takem stanju čaka na ponoven impulz za vklop. Opisani ciklus cepljenja torej vključuje razmeroma počasen delovnih hod naležne površine batnice vzdolž celotne dolžine cepilnega korita in prav tako razmeroma počasen povratni hod prav tako vzdolž celotne dolžine cepilnega korita.starting position, in which it then rests and in such a state waits for another impulse to turn on. The described splitting cycle therefore includes a relatively slow working stroke of the bearing surface of the piston along the entire length of the splitting trough and a relatively slow return stroke also along the entire length of the splitting trough.

Pri tem velja pripomniti, da vsakokratno žaganje dolžinskega odseka hloda načeloma lahko poteka neodvisno od samega cepljenja, čas žaganja pa je zlasti pri hlodih manjšega premera lahko bistveno krajši od časa ciklusa cepljenja.It should be noted here that each time sawing a lengthwise section of a log can in principle be done independently of the splitting itself, and the sawing time, especially for smaller diameter logs, can be significantly shorter than the splitting cycle time.

Z namenom, da bi skrajšali vsaj čas povratnega hoda, je v WO 2019/093971 Al oz. EP 3 706 971 BI predlagana uporaba hidravličnega cilindra, pri katerem je v batu vgrajen prehod s protipovratnim ventilom, ki omogoča samodejen preklop smeri hidravličnega medija z ene na drugo stran bata in obenem zagotavlja tudi hitrejši pretok hidravličnega medija v omenjeni smeri. S tem je po sni strani preprečeno zaletavanje bata v steno cilindra, po drugi strani pa tak ukrep lahko do neke mere skrajša tudi ciklus, saj je čas, ki je po zaključku delovnega hoda potreben za preklop in tudi samo izvedbo povratnega hoda, lahko nekoliko krajši, s tem pa se vsaj nekoliko izboljša tudi storilnost tovrstne naprave.In order to shorten at least the return stroke time, in WO 2019/093971 Al or EP 3 706 971 BI proposed the use of a hydraulic cylinder in which a passage with a non-return valve is built into the piston, which enables automatic switching of the direction of the hydraulic medium from one side of the piston to the other and at the same time ensures a faster flow of the hydraulic medium in the aforementioned direction. On the one hand, this prevents the piston from hitting the cylinder wall, but on the other hand, such a measure can also shorten the cycle to some extent, since the time required for switching after the end of the working stroke and also for the return stroke itself can be slightly shorter. , which at least slightly improves the performance of this type of device.

Kot je bilo omenjeno, se delovni in povratni hod vršita vzdolž celotne dolžine cepilnega korita, in sicer ne glede na efektivno dolžino vsakokratnega odseka hloda, ki je predviden za cepljenje. To pa v praksi pomeni, da hod v vsakem primeru znaša približno 60 cm, in sicer ne glede na to, če uporabnik v cepilno korito vstavi dolžinski odsek hlodovine z največjim dopustnim premerom in največjo dopustno dolžine 50 cm, ah pa dolžinski odsek hlodovine bistveno manjšega premera in dolžine npr. zgolj 33 cm. V nazadnje omenjenem primeru se žaganje na dolžinske odseke lahko izvrši še posebej hitro, krajši dolžinski odsek pa mora ne glede na to vzdolž cepilnega korita v vsakem primeru opraviti celotno pot, in sicer tudi začetni del, v katerem še sploh ni pritisnjen proti cepilnemu orodju, torej še preden se cepljenje dejansko lahko sploh prične. V takem primeru pa znaten del delovnega hoda ostaja neizkoriščen, prav tako pa je čisto po nepotrebnem podaljšan tudi povratni hod. Iz navedenega razloga je torej očitno, da bi bilo vsaj v določenih primerih, namreč še zlasti pri cepljenju krajših polen, storilnost naprave možno bistveno izboljšati.As mentioned, the working and return strokes are carried out along the entire length of the splitting trough, regardless of the effective length of each section of the log that is intended for splitting. In practice, this means that the stroke is approximately 60 cm in any case, regardless of whether the user inserts a longitudinal section of a log with the maximum permissible diameter and a maximum permissible length of 50 cm into the splitting trough, and a longitudinal section of a log of a significantly smaller diameter and length e.g. only 33 cm. In the last-mentioned case, sawing into longitudinal sections can be performed particularly quickly, and the shorter longitudinal section must, regardless of this, travel the entire path along the splitting trough in any case, including the initial part in which it is not even pressed against the splitting tool. that is, even before vaccination can actually even begin. In such a case, a significant part of the working stroke remains unused, and the return stroke is also unnecessarily extended. For the stated reason, it is therefore obvious that at least in certain cases, namely especially when splitting shorter logs, the productivity of the device could be significantly improved.

Izum se nanaša na napravo za predelavo hlodovine v drva, pri čemer tovrstna naprava v splošnem obsega robustno in na vsaj približno horizontalno podlago postavljivo ogrodje, na katerem je smiselno v njegovem osrednjem območju togo vgrajen v vzdolžni smeri ogrodja potekajoč in smiselno v horizontalni ravnini ter na ustreznem odmiku od podlage razporejen hidravlični cilinder, katerega batnica je sem ter tja premakljiva vzdolž svoje centralne vzdolžne geometrijske osi, ki poteka v smeri proti osrednjemu območju cepilnega orodja, ki je razporejeno na cepilnem koncu omenjenega ogrodja na odmiku od podlage in je togo pritrjeno na omenjenem ogrodju. V območju med omenjenim cilindrom in omenjenim cepilnim orodjem pa je v omenjenem ogrodju vgrajeno cepilno korito, ki je prirejeno za prejem za cepljenje predvidenega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine, katerega premer ne presega vnaprej določenega naj večjega dopustnega premera in katerega dolžina ne presega vnaprej določene največje dopustne dolžine, tako da se dno cepilnega korita nahaja pod nivojem omenjene centralne osi batnice in osrednjega območja cepilnega orodja, batnica omenjenega cilindra pa je premakljiva vzdolž celotnega cepilnega korita. Batnica je na svojem prostem in v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju obrnjenem koncu opremljena z dovolj obsežno in stabilno naležno površino, ki je prirejena za potiskanje vsakokratnega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine proti cepilnemu orodju. Na ogrodju je na primernem odmiku od omenjenega cepilnega korita v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja nadalje na voljo žaga, ki je prirejena za razrez vsakokratnega hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine, razen tega pa je na ogrodju ali pa ob njem po izbiri na voljo primerno transportno sredstvo, ki je prirejeno za transportiranje vsakokratnega hloda v smislu koračnega premikanja hloda v smeri proti omenjeni žagi z namenom razrezovanja hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine. Pri tem je omenjeni hidravlični cilinder hidravlično povezan v hidravlični tokokrog, ki poleg rezervoarja in črpalke za komprimiranje hidravličnega medija, potrebnega za premikanje batnice sem ter tja vzdolž omenjene centralne osi, obsega tudi krmilne ventile za krmiljenje vsakokratnega ciklusa premikanja batnice, ki so električno povezani s krmilno enoto na tak način, da je z impulzom iz omenjene krmilne enote na podlagi zunanjega ukaza krmilni enoti izvršen delovni hod, med katerim je batnica s svojo naležno površino iz svojega izhodiščnega položaja neposredno ob cepilnem koritu vsakokrat za vnaprej določeno dolžino hoda premakljiva v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju, nakar je po zaustavitvi batnice na omenjeni vnaprej določeni dolžini s samodejnim prekrmiljenjem dovajanja hidravličnega medija v omenjeni cilinder samodejno izvršljiv tudi povratni hod batnice v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja nazaj v njen izhodiščni položaj neposredno ob cepilnem koritu.The invention relates to a device for the processing of logs into firewood, whereby this type of device generally comprises a frame that is robust and can be placed on at least an approximately horizontal base, on which it is sensibly in its central area rigidly embedded in the longitudinal direction of the frame and extending sensibly in the horizontal plane and on a hydraulic cylinder arranged at a corresponding distance from the base, the piston of which is movable back and forth along its central longitudinal geometric axis, which runs in the direction towards the central region of the splitting tool, which is arranged at the splitting end of said frame at a distance from the base and is rigidly fixed on said framework. In the area between the mentioned cylinder and the mentioned splitting tool, a splitting trough is installed in the mentioned frame, which is adapted to receive the longitudinal section of the log intended for splitting, the diameter of which does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible diameter and the length of which does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible length , so that the bottom of the splitting trough is located below the level of the mentioned central axis of the piston rod and the central area of the splitting tool, and the piston rod of the said cylinder is movable along the entire splitting trough. At its free end facing the splitting tool, the piston rod is equipped with a sufficiently large and stable bearing surface, which is adapted to push each longitudinal section of the log towards the splitting tool. On the frame, at a suitable distance from the aforementioned splitting trough in the direction away from the splitting tool, there is a saw that is adapted for cutting each log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length, and apart from that, a suitable a means of transport, which is adapted for transporting each log in the sense of moving the log step by step in the direction towards the aforementioned saw with the aim of cutting the log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length. In this case, the mentioned hydraulic cylinder is hydraulically connected in a hydraulic circuit, which, in addition to the reservoir and the pump for compressing the hydraulic medium needed to move the piston back and forth along the mentioned central axis, also includes control valves for controlling each cycle of the piston movement, which are electrically connected to control unit in such a way that with an impulse from the aforementioned control unit, based on an external command to the control unit, a working stroke is executed, during which the piston rod with its contact surface is moved from its initial position directly next to the splitting trough for a predetermined stroke length each time in the direction towards to the splitting tool, after which, after stopping the piston rod at the aforementioned predetermined length, the return stroke of the piston rod in the direction away from the splitting tool, back to its starting position directly next to the splitting trough, is also automatically executed by automatically changing the supply of hydraulic medium to the mentioned cylinder.

Po izumu je predlagano, da sta na omenjeni batnici vgrajena vsaj dva vzdolž omenjene centralne osi med seboj razmaknjena permanentna magneta, ki sta razporejena vsaj približno v isti diametralni ravnini batnice in glede na omenjeno centralno os tudi na isti strani batnice, medtem ko je v ogrodju v bližini batnice vgrajeno elektromagnetno Reed stikalo, ki je prirejeno za sodelovanje z vsakim izmed omenjenih magnetov v smislu ustvarjanja električnih impulzov pri dospetju vsakega izmed magnetov v zaznavno območje omenjenega Reed stikala.According to the invention, it is proposed that at least two permanent magnets spaced along the said central axis are installed on the said piston rod, which are arranged at least approximately in the same diametrical plane of the piston rod and, with respect to the said central axis, also on the same side of the piston rod, while in the framework an electromagnetic Reed switch installed near the piston rod, which is adapted to cooperate with each of the mentioned magnets in the sense of generating electrical impulses when each of the magnets reaches the sensing area of the mentioned Reed switch.

Razporeditev omenjenih magnetov v izhodiščnem položaju batnice pred pričetkom delovnega hoda ali po zaključku povratnega hoda pa je glede na položaj omenjenega Reed stikala tako izbrana, da razdalja med Reed stikalom in najbližjim magnetom vzdolž omenjene centralne osi predstavlja vnaprej določeno najkrajšo dolžino delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice, razdalja med Reed stikalom in najbolj oddaljenim magnetom vzdolž omenjene centralne osi pa predstavlja vnaprej določeno najdaljšo dolžino delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice, tako da v splošnem razdalja med Reed stikalom in vsakokratnim magnetom vzdolž omenjene centralne osi predstavlja vnaprej določeno dolžino delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice. Omenjena krmilna enota obsega števec električnih impulzov iz Reed stikala in je obenem tako zasnovana, da na podlagi vnaprej vnešenega ukaza prekrmili smer dovajanja hidravličnega medija v hidravlični cilinder bodisi že po prejemu prvega impulza iz Reed stikala ali pa po prejemu drugega impulza iz Reed stikala, ali pa v splošnem v primeru večjega števila magnetov šele po prejemu vsakega vnaprej določenega nadaljnjega impulza iz omenjenega Reed stikala.The arrangement of said magnets in the starting position of the piston rod before the start of the working stroke or after the completion of the return stroke is selected in such a way that the distance between the Reed switch and the nearest magnet along the said central axis represents the predetermined shortest length of the working or of the return stroke of the piston, and the distance between the Reed switch and the farthest magnet along the aforementioned central axis represents the predetermined longest length of the working or. of the return stroke of the piston, so that in general the distance between the Reed switch and each magnet along the mentioned central axis represents a predetermined length of the working or piston return stroke. The mentioned control unit comprises a counter of electric pulses from the Reed switch and is also designed in such a way that, based on a pre-entered command, the direction of the supply of hydraulic medium to the hydraulic cylinder is changed either after receiving the first pulse from the Reed switch or after receiving the second pulse from the Reed switch, or and in general, in the case of a larger number of magnets, only after receiving each predetermined subsequent pulse from the mentioned Reed switch.

Pri eni od izvedb izuma je batnica v območju svoje naležne površine opremljena z nosilcem, na katerem so ob upoštevanju vnaprej izbranih dolžini hodov batnice na ustreznih in vnaprej določenih pozicijah glede na omenjeno Reed stikalo v taisti diametralni ravnini in na isti strani centralne osi vgrajeni vsakokrat razpoložljivi magneti, pri čemer pa omenjeni nosilec poteka smiselno vzporedno z batnico vzdolž omenjene centralne osi v smeri proti cilindru in na funkcionalno sprejemljivi oddaljenosti od omenjenega Red stikala. Pri tem pa omenjeni nosilec magnetov lahko predstavlja od pročelne površine batnice v smeri proti cilindru potekajoč cevast nastavek.In one of the embodiments of the invention, the piston rod in the region of its contact surface is equipped with a support, on which, taking into account the pre-selected lengths of the piston rod strokes, at appropriate and predetermined positions with respect to the mentioned Reed switch, in the same diametrical plane and on the same side of the central axis, the available magnets, wherein the said carrier runs reasonably parallel to the piston rod along the said central axis in the direction towards the cylinder and at a functionally acceptable distance from the said Red switch. In this case, the mentioned magnet holder can represent a tubular attachment extending from the front surface of the piston in the direction towards the cylinder.

Pri tem je nadalje omenjeno Reed stikalo razporejeno v tisti vertikalni ravnini na ogrodju, ki sovpada z ravnino naležne površine batnice v njenem izhodiščnem položaju pred pričetkom delovnega hoda oz. po zaključku povratnega hoda, pri čemer je prvi magnet za določitev skrajšanega delovnega hoda batnice razporejen na krajši razdalji, merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine batnice v smeri proti cilindru, drugi magnet za določitev najdaljšega možnega delovnega hoda batnice pa je razporejen na daljši razdalji, merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine batnice v smeri proti cilindru. Krmilna enota je načeloma prirejena za vnos ukaza, ki opredeljuje vsakokrat izbrano dolžino hoda batnice, namreč bodisi krajšega hoda batnice na krajši dolžini ali pa daljšega delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice na daljši dolžini, kot tudi za vnos impulza, na podlagi katerega je sprožen in izvršljiv vsakokraten delovni hod vnaprej določene dolžine vključno s temu samodejno sledečim povratnim hodom.In this case, the above-mentioned Reed switch is arranged in that vertical plane on the frame which coincides with the plane of the contact surface of the piston rod in its starting position before the start of the working stroke or. after completion of the return stroke, wherein the first magnet for determining the shortened working stroke of the piston rod is arranged at a shorter distance, measured from the mentioned plane of the bearing surface of the piston in the direction towards the cylinder, and the second magnet for determining the longest possible working stroke of the piston rod is arranged at a longer distance, measured from the mentioned plane of the bearing surface of the piston in the direction towards the cylinder. In principle, the control unit is adapted for entering a command that defines the length of the stroke of the piston selected each time, namely either a shorter stroke of the piston at a shorter length or a longer working or return stroke of the piston over a longer length, as well as for the input of a pulse, on the basis of which each working stroke of a predetermined length, including this automatically following return stroke, is initiated and executed.

Možna pa je tudi izvedba naprave po izumu, pri kateri je krmilna enota tako zasnovana, da v primeru vnosa ukaza, s katerim je opredeljeno izvajanje krajšega hoda batnice na krajši dolžini po sproženju in med izvajanjem delovnega hoda in vnosu nadaljnjega, znatno dlje trajajočega impulza, namreč vsaj dvakrat dlje od trajanja siceršnjega za vklop delovnega hoda batnice potrebnega impulza, med premikanjem batnice ignorira vsak vmesni impulz ob prehodu magneta mimo Reed stikala vse do dospetja najbolj oddaljenega magneta v območje omenjenega Reed stikala ter s tem krmili delovanje cilindra na tak način, da batnica navzlic prvotnemu ukazu za izvajanje krajšega hoda v takem primeru izvrši najdaljši možen delovni in povratni hod.However, it is also possible to implement the device according to the invention, in which the control unit is designed in such a way that, in the case of entering a command defining the execution of a shorter stroke of the piston over a shorter length after triggering and during the execution of the working stroke and the entry of a subsequent, significantly longer pulse, namely, at least twice as long as the duration of the pulse otherwise required to activate the working stroke of the piston, while moving the piston, it ignores every intermediate pulse when the magnet passes the Reed switch until the farthest magnet reaches the area of the Reed switch, thereby controlling the operation of the cylinder in such a way that in such a case, the piston performs the longest possible working and return stroke following the initial command to perform a shorter stroke.

Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen s primerom izvedbe, ki je ponazorjen na priloženi skici, pri čemerIn the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with an example of implementation, which is illustrated in the attached sketch, whereby

Sl. 1 kaže napravo za predelavo hlodovine v drva v izometriji;fig. 1 shows a device for processing logs into firewood in isometric view;

Sl. 2 podrobnost A po Sl. 1;fig. 2 detail A according to Fig. 1;

Sl. 3 napravo po Sl. 1 v tlorisu;fig. 3 device according to FIG. 1 in floor plan;

Sl. 4 shematično ponazorjeno napravo po Sl. 1 z batnico v izhodiščnem položaju pred izvajanjem delovnega hoda;fig. 4 schematically illustrates the device according to FIG. 1 with the piston rod in the initial position before performing the working stroke;

Sl. 5 shematično ponazorjeno napravo po Sl. 1 z batnico v končnem položaju po opravljenem najdaljšem možnem delovnem hodu in neposredno pred pričetkom izvajanja povratnega hoda nazaj v izhodiščni položaj po Sl. 4;fig. 5 schematically illustrates the device according to FIG. 1 with the piston rod in the final position after the longest possible working stroke and immediately before the start of the return stroke back to the starting position according to Fig. 4;

Sl. 6 pa prav tako shematično ponazorjeno napravo po Sl. 1 z batnico v končnem položaju po opravljenem skrajšanem delovnem hodu neposredno pred pričetkom izvajanja povratnega hoda nazaj v izhodiščni položaj po Sl. 4.fig. 6 also schematically illustrates the device according to FIG. 1 with the piston rod in the final position after completing the shortened working stroke immediately before the start of the return stroke back to the starting position according to Fig. 4.

Naprava za predelavo hlodovine v drva, ki je prikazana na Sl. 1, obsega robustno in na vsaj približno horizontalno podlago postavljivo ogrodje 1. Na slednjem je smiselno v njegovem osrednjem območju togo vgrajen v njegovi vzdolžni smeri ogrodja potekajoč in smiselno v horizontalni ravnini ter na ustreznem odmiku od podlage razporejen hidravlični cilinder 2. Batnica 21 omenjenega cilindra 2 je sem ter tja premakljiva vzdolž svoje centralne vzdolžne geometrijske osi 200, ki poteka v smeri proti osrednjemu območju 31 cepilnega orodja 3, ki je razporejeno na cepilnem koncu 11 omenjenega ogrodja 1 na odmiku od podlage in je togo pritrjeno na omenjenem ogrodju 1.The device for processing logs into firewood, which is shown in Fig. 1, comprises a robust frame 1 that can be placed on at least an approximately horizontal base. On the latter, a hydraulic cylinder 2 is sensibly in its central area rigidly installed in its longitudinal direction of the frame, running and sensibly in the horizontal plane and arranged at an appropriate distance from the base. The piston 21 of said cylinder 2 is movable back and forth along its central longitudinal geometric axis 200, which runs towards the central region 31 of the splitting tool 3, which is arranged at the splitting end 11 of said frame 1 at a distance from the base and is rigidly fixed on said frame 1.

V območju med omenjenim cilindrom 2 in omenjenim cepilnim orodjem 3 je v omenjenem ogrodju 1 vgrajeno cepilno korito 4, ki je prirejeno za prejem za cepljenje predvidenega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine, katerega premer ne presega vnaprej določenega največjega dopustnega premera in katerega dolžina ne presega vnaprej določene naj večje dopustne dolžine. Dno 41 cepilnega korita se 4 nahaja pod nivojem omenjene centralne osi 200 batnice 21 in osrednjega območja cepilnega orodja 3, batnica 21 hidravličnega cilindra 2 pa je premakljiva vzdolž celotnega cepilnega korita 4.In the area between the mentioned cylinder 2 and the mentioned splitting tool 3, a splitting trough 4 is installed in the mentioned frame 1, which is adapted to receive the intended lengthwise section of the log for splitting, the diameter of which does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible diameter and the length of which does not exceed the predetermined greater permissible lengths. The bottom 41 of the splitting trough 4 is located below the level of the mentioned central axis 200 of the piston rod 21 and the central region of the splitting tool 3, and the piston rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is movable along the entire splitting trough 4.

Razen tega je omenjena batnica 21 na svojem prostem in v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju 3 obrnjenem koncu 2Γ opremljena z dovolj obsežno in stabilno naležno površino 22, ki je prirejena za potiskanje vsakokratnega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine proti cepilnemu orodju 3.In addition, the mentioned piston 21 is equipped with a sufficiently large and stable bearing surface 22 on its free end 2Γ facing the splitting tool 3, which is adapted to push each longitudinal section of the log towards the splitting tool 3.

Na ogrodju 1 je nadalje na primernem odmiku od omenjenega cepilnega korita 4 v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja 3 na voljo žaga 5, ki je prirejena za razrez vsakokratnega hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine. Razen tega je bodisi na ogrodju 1 ali pa ob njem po izbiri na voljo primemo transportno sredstvo, ki je prirejeno za transportiranje vsakokratnega hloda v smislu koračnega premikanja hloda v smeri proti omenjeni žagi 5 z namenom razrezovanja vsakokratnega hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine.Furthermore, on the frame 1, at a suitable distance from the mentioned splitting trough 4 in the direction away from the splitting tool 3, a saw 5 is available, which is adapted for cutting each log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length. Apart from that, there is either on the frame 1 or next to it a means of transport, which is adapted for transporting each log in the sense of stepwise movement of the log in the direction towards the aforementioned saw 5 with the aim of cutting each log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length.

Omenjeni hidravlični cilinder 2 je hidravlično povezan v hidravlični tokokrog, ki poleg rezervoarja in črpalke za komprimiranje hidravličnega medija, potrebnega za premikanje batnice 21 sem ter tja vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 200, obsega tudi krmilne ventile za krmiljenje vsakokratnega ciklusa premikanja batnice 21, ki so električno povezani s krmilno enoto 6 na tak način, da se z impulzom iz omenjene krmilne enote 6 na podlagi zunanjega ukaza krmilni enoti 6 izvrši delovni hod, med katerim je batnica 21 s svojo naležno površino 22 iz svojega izhodiščnega položaja neposredno ob cepilnem koritu 4 vsakokrat za vnaprej določeno dolžino L], L2 hoda premakljiva v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju 3, nakar je po zaustavitvi batnice 21 na omenjeni vnaprej določeni dolžini Lb L2 s samodejnim prekrmiljenjem dovajanja hidravličnega medija v omenjeni cilinder 2 samodejno izvršljiv tudi povratni hod batnice 21 v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja 3 nazaj v njen izhodiščni položaj neposredno ob cepilnem koritu 4.Said hydraulic cylinder 2 is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic circuit which, in addition to a reservoir and a pump for compressing the hydraulic medium needed to move the piston rod 21 back and forth along said central axis 200, also includes control valves for controlling each cycle of piston rod 21 movement, which are electrically connected to the control unit 6 in such a way that with an impulse from the mentioned control unit 6, based on an external command to the control unit 6, a working stroke is performed, during which the piston rod 21 with its bearing surface 22 is from its starting position directly next to the splitting trough 4 each time for predetermined length L], L 2 of the stroke is movable in the direction towards the splitting tool 3, after which, after the stop of the piston rod 21 at the aforementioned predetermined length L b L 2 with automatic rerouting of the supply of hydraulic medium to the mentioned cylinder 2, the return stroke of the piston rod 21 in direction away from the splitting tool 3 back to its starting position directly next to the splitting trough 4.

V kontekstu rešitve uvodoma izpostavljenega tehničnega problema sta na batnici 21 vgrajena vsaj dva vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 200 med seboj razmaknjena permanentna magneta 71, 72, ki sta razporejena vsaj približno v isti diametralni ravnini batnice 21 in glede na omenjeno centralno os 200 tudi na isti strani batnice 21, medtem ko je v ogrodju 1 v bližini batnice 21 vgrajeno elektromagnetno Reed stikalo 8, ki je prirejeno za sodelovanje z vsakim izmed omenjenih magnetov 71, 72 v smislu ustvarjanja električnih impulzov pri dospetju vsakega izmed magnetov 71, 72 v zaznavno območje omenjenega Reed stikala 8. Kombinacija omenjenih magnetov 71, 72 in Reed stikala je razmeroma neobčutljiva na manjše spremembe v medsebojni oddaljenosti med Reed stikalom in vsakokratnim magnetom 71, 72, zato Reed stikalo 8 učinkovito zazna magnet 71, 72 tudi v primeru cepljenja hlodovine večjih premerov, ko se cilinder 2 in/ali batnica 21 zaradi ekstremnih obremenitev in/ali elastičnih deformacij ogrodja lahko začasno odkloni iz svoje idealne smeri.In the context of the solution to the technical problem exposed in the introduction, at least two permanent magnets 71, 72 spaced along the mentioned central axis 200 are installed on the piston rod 21, which are arranged at least approximately in the same diametrical plane of the piston rod 21 and also on the same side with respect to the said central axis 200 piston rod 21, while an electromagnetic Reed switch 8 is installed in the frame 1 near the piston rod 21, which is adapted to cooperate with each of the mentioned magnets 71, 72 in terms of generating electrical pulses when each of the magnets 71, 72 reaches the sensing area of the said Reed switches 8. The combination of the aforementioned magnets 71, 72 and the Reed switch is relatively insensitive to minor changes in the mutual distance between the Reed switch and each magnet 71, 72, so the Reed switch 8 effectively detects the magnet 71, 72 even in the case of splitting logs of larger diameters, when cylinder 2 and/or piston rod 21 may temporarily deviate from its ideal direction due to extreme loads and/or elastic deformations of the frame.

Razporeditev omenjenih magnetov 71, 72 v izhodiščnem položaju batnice 21 pred pričetkom delovnega hoda ali po zaključku povratnega hoda je glede na položaj omenjenega Reed stikala 8 tako izbrana, da razdalja med Reed stikalom 8 in najbližjim magnetom 71 vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 8 predstavlja vnaprej določeno najkrajšo dolžino L] delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice 21, razdalja med Reed stikalom 8 in najbolj oddaljenim magnetom 72 vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 8 pa predstavlja vnaprej določeno najdaljšo dolžino L2 delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice 21, tako da v splošnem razdalja med Reed stikalom 8 in vsakokratnim magnetom 71, 72 vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 8 predstavlja vnaprej določeno dolžino delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice 21.The arrangement of the mentioned magnets 71, 72 in the initial position of the piston rod 21 before the start of the working stroke or after the completion of the return stroke is selected in such a way that the distance between the Reed switch 8 and the nearest magnet 71 along the mentioned central axis 8 represents the predetermined shortest the length L] of the working or of the return stroke of the piston rod 21, and the distance between the Reed switch 8 and the farthest magnet 72 along the mentioned central axis 8 represents the predetermined longest length L 2 of the working or of the return stroke of the piston rod 21, so that in general the distance between the Reed switch 8 and each magnet 71, 72 along the mentioned central axis 8 represents a predetermined length of the working or of the return stroke of the piston rod 21.

Glede na uvodoma obravnavane primere iz stanja tehnike bi pri največji dopustni dolžini odseka hlodovine, ki znaša npr. 50 cm, na napravi predvideli npr. dolžino cepilnega korita 4 približno 60 cm, dolžino najdaljšega hoda L2 batnice 21 bi z magnetom 72 omejili na 50 cm, z nadaljnjim magnetom 71 na oddaljenosti L] približno 33 cm pa bi v primeru cepljenja krajših odsekov hlodovine skrajšali hod batnice 21 in temu ustrezno skrajšali tudi trajanje delovnega ciklusa.According to the examples from the state of the art discussed in the introduction, the maximum permissible length of the log section, which amounts to e.g. 50 cm, provided on the device e.g. the length of the splitting trough 4 is about 60 cm, the length of the longest stroke L 2 of the piston rod 21 would be limited to 50 cm with a magnet 72, and with a further magnet 71 at a distance L] of about 33 cm, in the case of splitting shorter sections of the log, the stroke of the piston rod 21 would be shortened and accordingly also shortened the duration of the work cycle.

Krmilna enota 6 namreč obsega števec električnih impulzov iz Reed stikala 8 in je tako zasnovana, da na podlagi vnaprej vnešenega ukaza prekrmili smer dovajanja hidravličnega medija v hidravlični cilinder 2 bodisi že po prejemu prvega impulza iz Reed stikala 8 ali pa šele po prejemu drugega impulza z Reed stikala 8, v splošnem, npr. v primeru večjega števila magnetov 71, 72 pa lahko prekrmiljenje izvrši šele po prejemu kateregakoli vnaprej določenega nadaljnjega impulza iz omenjenega Reed stikala 8.The control unit 6 includes a counter of electric pulses from the Reed switch 8 and is designed in such a way that, based on a pre-entered command, the direction of the supply of the hydraulic medium to the hydraulic cylinder 2 can be changed either after receiving the first pulse from the Reed switch 8 or only after receiving the second pulse with Reed switches 8, in general, e.g. in the case of a larger number of magnets 71, 72, the re-steering can only be performed after receiving any predetermined subsequent pulse from the mentioned Reed switch 8.

Ker je površina batnice 21 načeloma gladka in prirejena za tesnenje med premikanjem vzdolž cilindra, je v tehničnem smislu smiselno, če je batnica 21 v območju svoje naležne površine 22 opremljena z nosilcem 23, na katerem so ob upoštevanju vnaprej izbranih dolžini Li, L2 hodov batnice 21 na ustreznih in vnaprej določenih pozicijah glede na omenjeno Reed stikalo 8 v taisti diametralni ravnini in na isti strani centralne osi 200 vgrajeni vsakokrat razpoložljivi magneti 71, 72, pri čemer pa omenjeni nosilec 23 poteka smiselno vzporedno z batnico 21 vzdolž omenjene centralne osi 200 v smeri proti cilindru 2 in na funkcionalno sprejemljivi oddaljenosti od omenjenega Red stikala 8. Omenjena funkcionalno sprejemljiva oddaljenost nosilca 23 z magneti 71, 72 od Reed stikala 8 pomeni, da se oddaljenost nahaja v območju, v katerem omenjeno Reed stikalo 8 s potrebno zanesljivostjo zazna prisotnost oz. bližino vsakega izmed vsakokrat razpoložljivih magnetov 71, 72. V prikazanem primeru (Sl. 4 - 6) omenjeni nosilec 23 magnetov 71, 72 predstavlja od pročelne površine 22 batnice 21 v smeri proti cilindru 2 potekajoč cevast nastavek. Razen tega je v prikazanem primeru izvedbe naprave po izumu omenjeno Reed stikalo 8 razporejeno v tisti vertikalni ravnini na ogrodju 1, ki sovpada z ravnino naležne površine 22 batnice 21 v njenem izhodiščnem položaju pred pričetkom delovnega hoda oz. po zaključku povratnega hoda. Prvi magnet 71 za določitev skrajšanega delovnega hoda batnice 21 je razporejen na krajši razdalji L], merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine 22 batnice 21 v smeri proti cilindru 2, drugi magnet 72 za določitev najdaljšega možnega delovnega hoda batnice 21 pa je razporejen na daljši razdalji L2, merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine 22 batnice 21 v smeri proti cilindru 2.Since the surface of the piston rod 21 is in principle smooth and adapted for sealing during movement along the cylinder, it makes sense in a technical sense if the piston rod 21 is equipped in the area of its bearing surface 22 with a support 23 on which, taking into account the preselected lengths Li, L, there are 2 strokes of the piston rod 21 in appropriate and predetermined positions with respect to the mentioned Reed switch 8 in the same diametrical plane and on the same side of the central axis 200, the available magnets 71, 72 are installed at any time, and the said support 23 runs reasonably parallel to the piston rod 21 along the said central axis 200 in the direction towards the cylinder 2 and at a functionally acceptable distance from the mentioned Red switch 8. The mentioned functionally acceptable distance of the carrier 23 with magnets 71, 72 from the Reed switch 8 means that the distance is in the range in which the mentioned Reed switch 8 detects with the necessary reliability presence or the vicinity of each of the available magnets 71, 72. In the example shown (Fig. 4 - 6), the mentioned holder 23 of the magnets 71, 72 represents a tubular attachment extending from the front surface 22 of the piston rod 21 in the direction towards the cylinder 2. Apart from that, in the illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention, the mentioned Reed switch 8 is arranged in that vertical plane on the frame 1, which coincides with the plane of the contact surface 22 of the piston rod 21 in its starting position before the start of the working stroke or. after completing the return stroke. The first magnet 71 for determining the shortened working stroke of the piston rod 21 is arranged at a shorter distance L], measured from the mentioned plane of the contact surface 22 of the piston rod 21 in the direction towards the cylinder 2, and the second magnet 72 for determining the longest possible working stroke of the piston rod 21 is arranged at a longer distance L 2 , measured from the mentioned plane of the bearing surface 22 of the piston rod 21 in the direction towards cylinder 2.

Krmilna enota 6 je prirejena za vnos ukaza, ki opredeljuje vsakokrat izbrano dolžino hoda batnice 21, namreč bodisi krajšega hoda batnice 21 na krajši dolžini L! ali pa daljšega delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice 21 na daljši dolžini L2, kot tudi za vnos impulza, na podlagi katerega je sprožen in izvršljiv vsakokraten delovni hod vnaprej določene dolžine Lb L2 vključno s temu samodejno sledečim povratnim hodom. Krmilna enota 6 lahko obsega prikazovalnik, na katerem je razvidna vsakokrat izbrana dolžina hoda batnice 21 oz. način cepljenja v kontekstu izbrane dolžine hoda batnice 21. Po drugi strani pa krmilna enota 6 obsega primerno vhodno enoto, preko katere je možno na eni strani vnašati ukaze glede izbire dolžine hoda batnice 21 oz. načina cepljenja v kontekstu izbrane dolžine hoda batnice 21, po drugi strani pa tudi vnašati impulze za izvedbo posameznih delovnih ciklusov. Po namestitvi dolžinskega odseka hlodovine v cepilno korito 4 namreč uporabnik bodisi z ročico, upravljalno palico (joystickom) ali s pritiskom na gumb sproži delovni hod batnice 21, kateremu pa potem samodejno sledi tudi povratni hod batnice 21 in vrnitev slednje v njen izhodiščni položaj.The control unit 6 is adapted for inputting a command that defines the length of the stroke of the piston rod 21 selected each time, namely either a shorter stroke of the piston rod 21 at a shorter length L! or longer work or of the return stroke of the piston 21 on a longer length L 2 , as well as for the input of a pulse, on the basis of which each working stroke of a predetermined length L b L 2 including this automatically following return stroke is initiated and executed. The control unit 6 can include a display on which the selected piston stroke length 21 or method of splitting in the context of the selected stroke length of the piston rod 21. On the other hand, the control unit 6 comprises a suitable input unit, through which it is possible, on the one hand, to enter commands regarding the selection of the stroke length of the piston rod 21 or of the splitting method in the context of the selected stroke length of the piston rod 21, and on the other hand, also to enter pulses for the execution of individual work cycles. Namely, after placing the longitudinal section of the log in the splitting trough 4, the user, either with a lever, a joystick or by pressing a button, initiates the working stroke of the piston rod 21, which is then automatically followed by the return stroke of the piston rod 21 and the latter's return to its starting position.

Krmilno enoto 6je možno nadalje nadgraditi še z dodatno funkcijo, namreč da v primeru vnosa ukaza, s katerim je opredeljeno izvajanje krajšega hoda batnice 21 na krajši dolžini Lj po sproženju in med izvajanjem delovnega hoda in vnosu nadaljnjega, znatno dlje trajajočega impulza, namreč vsaj dvakrat dlje od trajanja siceršnjega za vklop delovnega hoda batnice 21 potrebnega impulza, med premikanjem batnice 21 ignorira vsak vmesni impulz ob prehodu magneta 71 mimo Reed stikala 8 vse do dospetja najbolj oddaljenega magneta 72 v območje omenjenega Reed stikala 8 ter s tem krmili delovanje cilindra 8 na tak način, da batnica 21 navzlic prvotnemu ukazu za izvajanje krajšega hoda v takem primeru izvrši najdaljši možen delovni in povratni hod. To v praksi pomeni, da uporabnik med cepljenjem krajših odsekov hlodovine ob nastavljenem skrajšanem hodu batnice 21 med samim delovnim hodom lahko s podaljšanim pritiskanjem na gumb, t.j. z znatno daljšim impulzom, doseže podaljšanje delovnega hoda batnice 21 na najdaljši možni hod.The control unit 6 can be further upgraded with an additional function, namely that in the case of entering a command defining the implementation of a shorter stroke of the piston rod 21 at a shorter length Lj after triggering and during the execution of the working stroke and the input of a further, significantly longer pulse, namely at least twice longer than the duration of the pulse otherwise required to activate the working stroke of the piston 21, during the movement of the piston 21, it ignores every intermediate pulse when the magnet 71 passes the Reed switch 8 until the farthest magnet 72 reaches the area of the mentioned Reed switch 8, thereby controlling the operation of the cylinder 8 on such a way that the piston 21 performs the longest possible working and return stroke in such a case, following the initial command to perform a shorter stroke. In practice, this means that during the splitting of shorter sections of the log, with the set shortened stroke of the piston rod 21 during the working stroke itself, the user can by prolonged pressing of the button, i.e. with a significantly longer pulse, it achieves the extension of the working stroke of the piston rod 21 to the longest possible stroke.

Koncept naprave po izumu uporabniku omogoča, da med cepljenjem, kadar je to seveda mogoče, lahko skrajša hod batnice 21 in s tem skrajša delovni cikel, kar pri dolgotrajni uporabi naprave vsekakor lahko privede do znatnega izboljšanja učinkovitosti in produktivnosti.The concept of the device according to the invention allows the user to shorten the stroke of the piston rod 21 during grafting, when this is of course possible, thereby shortening the work cycle, which can certainly lead to a significant improvement in efficiency and productivity during long-term use of the device.

Claims (6)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT CLAIMS 1. Naprava za predelavo hlodovine v drva, obsegajoča robustno in na vsaj približno horizontalno podlago postavljivo ogrodje (1), na katerem je smiselno v njegovem osrednjem območju togo vgrajen v vzdolžni smeri ogrodja (1) potekajoč in smiselno v horizontalni ravnini ter na ustreznem odmiku od podlage razporejen hidravlični cilinder (2), katerega batnica (21) je sem ter tja premakljiva vzdolž svoje centralne vzdolžne geometrijske osi (200), ki poteka v smeri proti osrednjemu območju (31) cepilnega orodja (3), ki je razporejeno na cepilnem koncu (11) omenjenega ogrodja (1) na odmiku od podlage in je togo pritrjeno na omenjenem ogrodju (1), v območju med omenjenim cilindrom (2) in omenjenim cepilnim orodjem (3) pa je v omenjenem ogrodju (1) vgrajeno cepilno korito (4), ki je prirejeno za prejem za cepljenje predvidenega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine, katerega premer ne presega vnaprej določenega naj večjega dopustnega premera in katerega dolžina ne presega vnaprej določene največje dopustne dolžine, tako da se dno (41) cepilnega korita (4) nahaja pod nivojem omenjene centralne osi (200) batnice (21) in osrednjega območja cepilnega orodja (3) in da je batnica (21) omenjenega cilindra (2) premakljiva vzdolž celotnega cepilnega korita (4), pri čemer je omenjena batnica (21) na svojem prostem in v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju (3) obrnjenem koncu (2Γ) opremljena z dovolj obsežno in stabilno naležno površino (22), ki je prirejena za potiskanje vsakokratnega dolžinskega odseka hlodovine proti cepilnemu orodju (3), in pri čemer je na ogrodju (1) na primernem odmiku od omenjenega cepilnega korita (4) v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja (3) nadalje na voljo žaga (5), ki je prirejena za razrez vsakokratnega hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine, razen tega pa je na ogrodju (1) ali pa ob njem po izbiri na voljo primerno transportno sredstvo, ki je prirejeno za transportiranje vsakokratnega hloda v smislu koračnega premikanja hloda v smeri proti omenjeni žagi (5) z namenom razrezovanja vsakokratnega hloda na dolžinske odseke vnaprej določene dolžine, in pri čemer je omenjeni hidravlični cilinder (2) hidravlično povezan v hidravlični tokokrog, ki poleg rezervoarja in črpalke za komprimiranje hidravličnega medija, potrebnega za premikanje batnice (21) sem ter tja vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200), obsega tudi krmilne ventile za krmiljenje vsakokratnega ciklusa premikanja batnice (21), ki so električno povezani s krmilno enoto (6) na tak način, daje z impulzom iz omenjene krmilne enote (6) na podlagi zunanjega ukaza krmilni enoti (6) izvršen delovni hod, med katerim je batnica (21) s svojo naležno površino (22) iz svojega izhodiščnega položaja neposredno ob cepilnem koritu (4) vsakokrat za vnaprej določeno dolžino (Lb L2) hoda premakljiva v smeri proti cepilnemu orodju (3), nakar je po zaustavitvi batnice (21) na omenjeni vnaprej določeni dolžini (L]. L2) s samodejnim prekrmiljenjem dovajanja hidravličnega medija v omenjeni cilinder (2) samodejno izvršljiv tudi povratni hod batnice (21) v smeri vstran od cepilnega orodja (3) nazaj v njen izhodiščni položaj neposredno ob cepilnem koritu (4), označena s tem, da sta na batnici (21) vgrajena vsaj dva vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200) med seboj razmaknjena permanentna magneta (71, 72), ki sta razporejena vsaj približno v isti diametralni ravnini batnice (21) in glede na omenjeno centralno os (200) tudi na isti strani batnice (21), medtem ko je v ogrodju (1) v bližini batnice (21) vgrajeno elektromagnetno Reed stikalo (8), ki je prirejeno za sodelovanje z vsakim izmed omenjenih magnetov (71, 72) v smislu ustvarjanja električnih impulzov pri dospetju vsakega izmed magnetov (71, 72) v zaznavno območje omenjenega Reed stikala (8), pri čemer je razporeditev omenjenih magnetov (71, 72) v izhodiščnem položaju batnice (21) pred pričetkom delovnega hoda ali po zaključku povratnega hoda glede na položaj omenjenega Reed stikala (8) tako izbrana, da razdalja med Reed stikalom (8) in najbližjim magnetom (71) vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200) predstavlja vnaprej določeno najkrajšo dolžino (Lj) delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice (21), razdalja med Reed stikalom (8) in najbolj oddaljenim magnetom (72) vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200) pa predstavlja vnaprej določeno najdaljšo dolžino (L2) delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice (21), tako da v splošnem razdalja med Reed stikalom (8) in vsakokratnim magnetom (71, 72) vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200) predstavlja vnaprej določeno dolžino delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice (21), in pri čemer krmilna enota (6) obsega števec omenjenih električnih impulzov iz Reed stikala (8) in je obenem tako zasnovana, da na podlagi vnaprej vnešenega ukaza prekrmili smer dovajanja hidravličnega medija v hidravlični cilinder (2) bodisi že po prejemu prvega impulza iz Reed stikala (8) ali pa po prejemu drugega impulza z Reed stikala (8), ali pa v splošnem v primeru večjega števila magnetov (71, 72) šele po prejemu vsakega vnaprej določenega nadaljnjega impulza iz omenjenega Reed stikala (8).1. A device for processing logs into firewood, comprising a robust frame (1) that can be placed on at least an approximately horizontal base, on which a frame (1) is rigidly embedded in its central area in the longitudinal direction of the frame (1) running and meaningfully in the horizontal plane and at an appropriate offset a hydraulic cylinder (2) arranged from the base, the piston rod (21) of which is movable back and forth along its central longitudinal geometric axis (200), which runs in the direction towards the central area (31) of the splitting tool (3), which is arranged on the splitting at the end (11) of said frame (1) at a distance from the base and is rigidly fixed on said frame (1), and in the area between said cylinder (2) and said splitting tool (3) a splitting trough is built into said frame (1) (4), which is adapted to receive the intended lengthwise section of the log for splitting, whose diameter does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible diameter and whose length does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible length, so that the bottom (41) of the splitting trough (4) is located below the level of said central axis (200) of the piston rod (21) and the central region of the splitting tool (3) and that the piston rod (21) of said cylinder (2) is movable along the entire splitting trough (4), wherein said piston rod (21) is on its free end (2Γ) facing the splitting tool (3) is equipped with a sufficiently extensive and stable bearing surface (22) which is adapted to push each longitudinal section of the log towards the splitting tool (3), and where it is on the frame (1) at a suitable distance from the mentioned splitting trough (4) in the direction away from the splitting tool (3), a saw (5) is also available, which is adapted for cutting each log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length, and apart from that, on the frame (1) or, optionally, a suitable means of transport is available next to it, which is adapted for transporting each log in the sense of moving the log step by step in the direction of the aforementioned saw (5) with the aim of cutting each log into longitudinal sections of a predetermined length, and whereby said hydraulic cylinder (2) is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic circuit which, in addition to a reservoir and a pump for compressing the hydraulic medium needed to move the piston rod (21) back and forth along said central axis (200), also includes control valves for controlling each movement cycle pistons (21), which are electrically connected to the control unit (6) in such a way, with an impulse from the aforementioned control unit (6) based on an external command, the control unit (6) executes a working stroke, during which the piston (21) is its bearing surface (22) can be moved from its starting position directly next to the splitting trough (4) each time by a predetermined length (L b L 2 ) of the stroke in the direction towards the splitting tool (3), after which, after stopping the piston (21) on the previously mentioned certain length (L). L 2 ) by automatically changing the supply of the hydraulic medium to the mentioned cylinder (2), the return stroke of the piston rod (21) in the direction away from the splitting tool (3) back to its starting position directly next to the splitting trough (4), marked by this, can also be automatically executed. that at least two permanent magnets (71, 72) spaced along the said central axis (200) are installed on the piston rod (21), which are arranged at least approximately in the same diametrical plane of the piston rod (21) and with respect to the said central axis (200) also on the same side of the piston rod (21), while in the frame (1) near the piston rod (21) an electromagnetic Reed switch (8) is installed, which is adapted to cooperate with each of the mentioned magnets (71, 72) in terms of generating electric of pulses when each of the magnets (71, 72) reaches the sensing area of the mentioned Reed switch (8), whereby the arrangement of the mentioned magnets (71, 72) is in the starting position of the piston rod (21) before the start of the working stroke or after the completion of the return stroke according to the position of the mentioned Reed switch (8) is chosen so that the distance between the Reed switch (8) and the nearest magnet (71) along the mentioned central axis (200) represents the predetermined shortest length (Lj) of the working or. of the return stroke of the piston (21), and the distance between the Reed switch (8) and the farthest magnet (72) along the mentioned central axis (200) represents the predetermined longest length (L 2 ) of the working or. of the return stroke of the piston (21), so that in general the distance between the Reed switch (8) and each magnet (71, 72) along the mentioned central axis (200) represents a predetermined length of the working or of the return stroke of the piston rod (21), and whereby the control unit (6) comprises a counter of the mentioned electric pulses from the Reed switch (8) and is also designed to change the direction of the supply of hydraulic medium to the hydraulic cylinder (2) based on a pre-entered command, either already after receiving the first pulse from the Reed switch (8) or after receiving the second pulse from the Reed switch (8), or in general in the case of a larger number of magnets (71, 72) only after receiving each predetermined further pulse from the said Reed switch (8). 2. Naprava po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, daje batnica (21) v območju svoje naležne površine (22) opremljena z nosilcem (23), na katerem so ob upoštevanju vnaprej izbranih dolžini (L,, L2) hodov batnice (21) na ustreznih in vnaprej določenih pozicijah glede na omenjeno Reed stikalo (8) v taisti diametralni ravnini in na isti strani centralne osi (200) vgrajeni vsakokrat razpoložljivi magneti (71, 72), pri čemer pa omenjeni nosilec (23) poteka smiselno vzporedno z batnico (21) vzdolž omenjene centralne osi (200) v smeri proti cilindru (2) in na funkcionalno sprejemljivi oddaljenosti od omenjenega Red stikala (8).2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the piston rod (21) in the area of its bearing surface (22) is equipped with a support (23) on which, taking into account the pre-selected lengths (L, L 2 ) of the strokes of the piston rod (21) ) at appropriate and predetermined positions with respect to the mentioned Reed switch (8) in the same diametrical plane and on the same side of the central axis (200) the available magnets (71, 72) are installed at each time, while the mentioned support (23) runs reasonably parallel to the piston rod (21) along the mentioned central axis (200) in the direction towards the cylinder (2) and at a functionally acceptable distance from the mentioned Red switch (8). 3. Naprava po zahtevku 2, označena s tem, da omenjeni nosilec (23) magnetov (71, 72) predstavlja od pročelne površine (22) batnice (21) v smeri proti cilindru (2) potekajoč cevast nastavek.3. The device according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that said holder (23) of magnets (71, 72) represents a tubular attachment extending from the front surface (22) of the piston rod (21) in the direction towards the cylinder (2). 4. Naprava po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1-3, označena s tem, da je omenjeno Reed stikalo (8) razporejeno v tisti vertikalni ravnini na ogrodju (1), ki sovpada z ravnino naležne površine (22) batnice (21) v njenem izhodiščnem položaju pred pričetkom delovnega hoda oz. po zaključku povratnega hoda, pri čemer je prvi magnet (71) za določitev skrajšanega delovnega hoda batnice (21) razporejen na krajši razdalji (Li), merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine (22) batnice (21) v smeri proti cilindru (2), drugi magnet (72) za določitev najdaljšega možnega delovnega hoda batnice (21) pa je razporejen na daljši razdalji (L2), merjeno od omenjene ravnine naležne površine (22) batnice (21) v smeri proti cilindru (2).4. Device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by the fact that the mentioned Reed switch (8) is arranged in that vertical plane on the frame (1) which coincides with the plane of the contact surface (22) of the piston rod (21) in its initial position position before the start of the working stroke or after the completion of the return stroke, whereby the first magnet (71) to determine the shortened working stroke of the piston rod (21) is arranged at a shorter distance (Li), measured from the mentioned plane of the bearing surface (22) of the piston rod (21) in the direction towards the cylinder (2) , and the second magnet (72) for determining the longest possible working stroke of the piston rod (21) is arranged at a longer distance (L 2 ), measured from the mentioned plane of the bearing surface (22) of the piston rod (21) in the direction towards the cylinder (2). 5. Naprava po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 - 4, označena s tem, daje krmilna enota (6) prirejena za vnos ukaza, ki opredeljuje vsakokrat izbrano dolžino hoda batnice (21), namreč bodisi krajšega hoda batnice (21) na krajši dolžini (L,) ali pa daljšega delovnega oz. povratnega hoda batnice (21) na daljši dolžini (L2), kot tudi za vnos impulza, na podlagi katerega je sprožen in izvršljiv vsakokraten delovni hod vnaprej določene dolžine (Lj, L2) vključno s temu samodejno sledečim povratnim hodom.5. The device according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized by the fact that the control unit (6) is adapted to input a command that defines the length of the stroke of the piston rod (21) selected each time, namely either a shorter stroke of the piston rod (21) at a shorter length (L ,) or longer work or of the return stroke of the piston rod (21) on a longer length (L 2 ), as well as for the input of a pulse, on the basis of which each working stroke of a predetermined length (Lj, L 2 ) is initiated and executed, including this automatically following return stroke. 6. Naprava po zahtevku 5, označena s tem, da je krmilna enota (6) še nadalje tako zasnovana, da v primeru vnosa ukaza, s katerim je opredeljeno izvajanje krajšega hoda batnice (21) na krajši dolžini (Lj) po sproženju in med izvajanjem delovnega hoda in vnosu nadaljnjega, znatno dlje trajajočega impulza, namreč vsaj dvakrat dlje od trajanja siceršnjega za vklop delovnega hoda batnice (21) potrebnega impulza, med premikanjem batnice (21) ignorira vsak vmesni impulz ob prehodu magneta (71) mimo Reed stikala (8) vse do dospetja najbolj oddaljenega magneta (72) v območje omenjenega Reed stikala (8) ter s tem krmili delovanje cilindra (2) na tak način, da batnica (21) navzlic prvotnemu ukazu za izvajanje krajšega hoda v takem primeru izvrši najdaljši možen delovni in povratni hod.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the control unit (6) is further designed in such a way that, in the case of entering a command defining the execution of a shorter stroke of the piston rod (21) at a shorter length (Lj) after triggering and during by performing the working stroke and inputting a further, significantly longer pulse, namely at least twice as long as the pulse required to activate the working stroke of the piston rod (21), during the movement of the piston rod (21) it ignores any intermediate pulse when the magnet (71) passes the Reed switch ( 8) until the farthest magnet (72) reaches the area of the mentioned Reed switch (8) and thereby controls the operation of the cylinder (2) in such a way that the piston (21) performs the longest possible stroke following the initial command to perform a shorter stroke in such a case working and return stroke.
SI202200112A 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Device for processing logs into firewood SI26377A (en)

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SI202200112A SI26377A (en) 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Device for processing logs into firewood
PCT/SI2023/000005 WO2024015024A1 (en) 2022-07-15 2023-05-18 Log processing and firewood splitting machine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA909113A (en) * 1969-01-29 1972-09-05 J. Mackin Wilson Sawmill log indexing device
FI121414B (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-11-15 Maaselaen Kone Oy Method of making firewood with a wood-burning machine and wood-burning machine
DE202011005576U1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2011-10-17 Kaspar Pauli Gmbh wood splitter
US10836069B2 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-11-17 Frictionless World, LLC Valve assembly for log splitting apparatus
US11649775B2 (en) * 2020-09-24 2023-05-16 Kohler Co. Analog controller for electronic throttle body

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