SI25142A - A device for regulation and optimization of combustion in combustion plants for solid fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the invention belongs to the field of control devices and automatic flue gas flow control to ensure optimal combustion conditions and falls within the scope of regulation and / or control of combustion. A device for controlling and optimizing combustion in combustion plants on solid fuels, characterized in that it includes a control unit with a predetermined algorithm which, based on received commands triggered by switching on via a switch, remote control, smartphone or smart plate, received data from the sensor flue gas, oxygen residue sensor in flue gases and vacuum sensor opens or closes the system of three control flaps; to include a vacuum sensor with the purpose of regulating air vents and performing safety functions; on the basis of the detected vacuum, the control unit during the various combustion phases enables the air damper control to achieve the desired air flow and performs safety functions to prevent the flue gas from escaping into the room.

Description

Combustion control and optimization device for solid fuel combustion plants

The field of technology

The subject of the invention belongs to the field of devices for regulation and automatic control of the flue gas flow to ensure optimal combustion conditions and falls within the field of regulation and / or control of combustion.

A technical problem

A technical problem that is solved by the present invention is the design of a device that will allow the regulation of the flue gas flow to increase the efficiency of the biomass furnace by providing optimal combustion conditions. Biomass kiln or fireplace burning is done in three stages. The start-up phase, in which the cooled flue system causes a low natural pressure in the firebox and requires a power-assisted systems for rapid start-up without flue gas leakage back into the room. The combustion phase, when the flue system is heated and the resulting natural draft, accelerates the combustion to the point where flue gases can reach temperatures above 600 ° C and can damage the furnace and the flue system. In addition, a lot of energy is passed at this stage which cannot be transferred so quickly to the combustion system, through the smoke system to the surroundings, and has a certain effect on the heating of the atmosphere and the poor efficiency of the combustion system itself. Combustion phase when smoldering requires a minimum amount of air to maintain the heat of the furnace satisfactorily and the smoke system must be nearly closed to maximize the combustion phase and ultimately prevent warm air from escaping through the smoke system into the surroundings.

The prior art

Traction acceleration systems are available on the market, most of which are mounted on top of the flue outside the facility, making installation and maintenance difficult. Also on the market • ·

there are systems for reducing the speed of flue gas in the form of flue flaps that narrow the section of the flue pipe. If such inhibition is uncontrolled, it may cause carbon black to build up, because of the low temperatures in the firebox and the accumulation of these at the narrowing of the chimney may endanger the fire safety of the system.

According to EP 2085694, there is a known "Electronically controlled wood burning stove" solution, which describes an electronically controlled combustion process in a furnace combustion that includes the combustion of one or more flaps, each actuator connected to an electric motor, and which axis is in contact with the air channels for supplying the primary and secondary combustion air. In this solution, the channels are arranged side by side on the back of the wood-burning stove.

According to VV0201306815, there is a known process for accelerating combustion in wood burning appliances having at least primary, secondary and tertiary air inlets, including a combustion controller which can be used to adjust conditions for different combustion conditions. Both of the above solutions have a differently arranged arrangement of the control flaps than the solution according to the invention.

The Slovenian patent no. 24147, which describes a process for automatic control of optimum biomass combustion conditions, which according to the entered algorithm adequately evaluates the data from the flue gas temperature sensor and the traction sensor and sends commands to the control electronics for the fan and the control electronics of the mechanical actuator for moving the flap using the processor and the user interface . This creates conditions for rapid cold start by taking into account various influencing factors of combustion, allows maintaining the operating temperature by inhibiting the flow of flue gases and autonomous power supply to the control and control system. The design solution of the device according to the invention is modularly designed, with the housing of the brake flap having characteristic shapes, an electronic control circuit, a control electronic controller, flue gas sensors, mechatronic actuators and a power unit with a safety function to open the flap in case of power failure and controls a computer-based intelligent system. The system is built into the exhaust pipe and not as in the present invention into the firebox system.

• · · · ·

Description of solution to a technical problem

The essence of the invention is the construction of a device for the regulation and optimization of combustion in solid fuel combustion plants, which includes a control unit with a pre-entered algorithm, which on the basis of received commands triggered by switching on a switch, remote control, smartphone or smartphone, received data from the flue gas sensor, the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas and the pressure sensor open or close the system of three control flaps.

The device for regulating and optimizing combustion of solid fuel combustion plants according to the invention will be described in more detail below by means of the figures showing:

Figure 1 device housing,

Figure 2 device housing,

Figure 3 inside the device,

Figure 4 block diagram of the device.

The combustion control and optimization device for solid fuel combustion plants has control flaps, sensors, user interface, adaptive module and various combustion stages. The regulation of the air flow in individual parts of the firebox by using the flaps enables the regulation of the air supply to the fuel and wood gas. Air can be supplied to different parts of the firebox in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary air. Not all three air inflows need to be present at all times. For the purpose of combustion control, the combustion temperature sensor enables the device to pass between different combustion stages, control the air flaps to achieve the desired efficiency and emissions, and perform safety functions to prevent overheating. A flue gas oxygen sensor for combustion control allows the device to pass between different combustion stages and control the air flaps to achieve the desired efficiency and emissions, based on the flue gas oxygen content. Built-in interface through which the user controls the combustion device, allows the device to start, change power and switch off the combustion device. This interface also makes it possible to change the power of the combustion plant during the combustion process itself. The combustion device also communicates via the user interface

the state of the device. The remote also allows the user to switch on / off, change the power of the device, while also reporting the combustion phase and alerting when fuel is needed.

The device according to the invention includes a vacuum sensor for the purpose of regulating the air flaps and performing safety functions. Based on the detected underpressure, the control unit of the device during the different combustion stages enables the control of the air flaps to achieve the desired air flow and performs the safety functions of preventing the escape of flue gases into the room.

A mobile application loaded into a smart device, such as a smartphone or tablet, allows the user to switch on and off the combustion device, change power, notify the combustion phase, and notify when fuel needs to be added. At the same time, the mobile app provides insight into the statistics on the combustion process.

The device according to the invention has modularly designed individual parts, which allows connection to differently designed combustion plants. It is possible to adjust the shape and number of air flaps. The device has the possibility of connecting to the inlet air for the purpose of adaptation to the combustion plant and the place of installation. Depending on the modularity of the combustion phases, it is possible to adapt to the type, size and construction of the combustion plant, firebox and type of combustion control.

The device according to the invention has four openings 11 on the mounting plate 1 for attaching the device to the lower part of the solid fuel combustion chamber. Panel 1 covers a housing 3 having a sleeve 2 on the front side 31 for air intake into the firebox. The sleeve 2 may be open and draw air from the environment of the combustion plant or may be connected to a sleeve that supplies fresh air from outside. Panel 1 has three sleeves 41, 51 and 61, which are the outputs of the control flaps 4, 5 and 6 with actuators. The sleeves 41, 51 and 61 are arranged side by side. In various embodiments, the sleeves 41, 51 and 61 may be arranged along the axis of the flaps 4, 5 and 6 in different positions to accommodate the shape of the combustion apparatus. An electrical outlet 7 is installed on page 31. On the upper side 32 of the housing 3 are provided glands 8 for powering the control panel, sensors and flaps. The sleeves 41, 51 and 61 are mounted directly on the firebox of the boiler.

• ·

As the block diagram in Figure 4 shows, the device has a KE control unit connected to switch S, remote control D, smart PN device and display P. via inputs 11, 12, 13 and 14. A smart PN device can be a smartphone or a smart device a tablet that has a Bluetooth Smart connection. Through the inputs 15, 16 and 17, the control unit receives the KE signals from the flue gas sensor S1, the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas S2 and the pressure sensor S3. Through the outputs 18, 19 and 20, the control unit KE commands to the flaps 4, 5 and 6 signals for opening or closing them. From the KE control unit, through the output 21, signals are sent to the ME multifunction unit, which can be a control arm. The flue gas sensor S1 measures the flue gas temperature, the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas S2 is the lambda sensor and the pressure sensor S3 is the traction sensor. The flue gas temperature sensor S1 measures the temperature at which it regulates the position of one of the three outlet flaps 4, 5 and 6 and allows the safety of the combustion plant to be monitored. Errors can be registered via the flue gas sensor S1 in case the boiler is overheated or improperly operated. The power of the combustion plant can also be regulated based on the state of the flue gas. The S2 sensor measures the residual oxygen content of the flue gas, which allows the oxygen content of the flue gas to be regulated, thus reducing the flue gas emissions to the environment.

The S3 pressure sensor allows the operation of the combustion system and / or the safety of the user to be affected. In case of low traction of S3 sensor due to weathering, it is possible to regulate the flaps for optimal combustion. The S3 sensor can also allow open fire door detection, chimney clogging and other possible deviations from the optimal conditions for combustion biomass burning.

The data from the sensors S1, S2 and S3 are crucial for controlling and operating the output units of flap 4, 5 and 6 and the multifunction units ME. The ME multifunction unit can be flap, sound and / optical signaling.

The device according to the invention has three flaps 4, 5 and 6, which are open at different stages depending on the temperature of the flue gas or the oxygen content of the flue gas and the pressure in the combustion chamber. The combustion process itself has up to 10 phases, and at each phase, the flap opening according to the selected parameters is determined via the control unit KE and its algorithm. The KE control unit can detect the opening of the secondary and tertiary air flaps with respect to the primary or open air openings. depending on the flue gas temperature. The KE control unit sends the command to the actuators, which move the flaps 4, 5 and 6 to the desired positions.

The device offers several modes of control, namely automatic ignition recognition, remotely via remote control D or smart PN device, and manually via switch S, which allows multiple selections of combustion power to be selected. Longer pressing allows you to select additional settings such as on / off, auto-ignition or fuel shortage, or other options.

Claims (7)

Patent claims 1. Combustion control and optimization device for solid fuel combustion plants, characterized in that it includes a control unit with a pre-entered algorithm, which, on the basis of received commands, is triggered by switching on via switch, remote control, smartphone or smartphone, received data a system of three control flaps opens or closes from the flue gas sensor, the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas and the pressure sensor; that it incorporates a pressure sensor for the purpose of regulating the air flaps and performing safety functions; that, based on the perceived underpressure, the control unit, during the various combustion stages, enables the control of the air flaps to achieve the desired air flow and performs the safety functions of preventing flue gas escape. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it has four openings (11) on the retaining plate (1) for attaching the appliance to the lower part of the combustion chamber of the solid fuel combustion appliance; that the panel (1) covers a housing (3) having a housing (2) on the front (31) for air intake into the firebox; that the sleeve (2) is open and draws air from the environment of the combustion plant; that there are three sleeves (41, 51 and 61) on the board (1) which are the outputs of the control flaps (4, 5 and 6) with actuators; that the sleeves (41, 51 and 61) are arranged side by side; that a socket (7) is provided on the side (31) for connecting the device to the power supply; that on the upper side (32) of the housing (3) are provided glands (8) for supplying the control panel, sensors and flaps; that the sleeves (41, 51 and 61) are mounted directly on the combustion chamber. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control unit (KE), which is connected to the switch (S), remote control (D), smart device (PN) via inputs (11, 12, 13 and 14) and display (P); that the smartphone (PN) can be a smartphone or a tablet that has a Bluetooth Smart connection; that, through the inputs (15, 16 and 17), the control unit (KE) receives signals from the flue gas sensor (S1), the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas (S2) and the pressure sensor (S3); that the control unit (KE) sends controls to the flaps (4, 5 and 6) via the outputs (18, 19 and 20) for opening or closing them; that signals are sent from the control unit (KE) via the output (21) to a multifunction unit (ME), which may be a control arm; that the flue gas sensor (51) measures the flue gas temperature, the residual oxygen sensor in the flue gas (52) is the lambda sensor and the pressure sensor (S3) is the traction sensor; that a flue gas temperature sensor (S1) is used to measure the temperature at which it regulates the position of one of the three output flaps (4, 5 and 6) and allows the safety of the combustion plant to be monitored; that defects can be registered through the flue gas sensor (S1) in case the boiler is overheated or malfunctioned; that the power of the combustion plant can be regulated on the basis of the state of the flue gas; that the sensor (S2) measures the residual oxygen content in the flue gas, which allows the oxygen content of the flue gas to be regulated, thus reducing the emission of flue gas into the environment. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air inlet (2) is connected to the combustion chamber which supplies fresh air from outside. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeves (41, 51 and 61) can be arranged along the axis of the flaps (4, 5 and 6) in different positions to accommodate the shape of the combustion apparatus. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is assembled modularly. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it allows the user to switch the combustion device on and off, change the power, announce the combustion phase, and notify when necessary to add fuel via a mobile application loaded into a smart device such as a smart device. a phone or smartphone; that the mobile app provides insight into the statistics on the combustion process.