SI24906A - Device for protecting an electrical circuit against electrical overload with possibile indication of the cause of interuption - Google Patents
Device for protecting an electrical circuit against electrical overload with possibile indication of the cause of interuption Download PDFInfo
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- SI24906A SI24906A SI201400456A SI201400456A SI24906A SI 24906 A SI24906 A SI 24906A SI 201400456 A SI201400456 A SI 201400456A SI 201400456 A SI201400456 A SI 201400456A SI 24906 A SI24906 A SI 24906A
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Abstract
Naprava za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam, obsega ohišje, v katerem sta poleg stikalnega gumba (1), stikalnega stremena (2), udarnega vzvoda (3), stikalnega vzvoda (4) in prožilnega sklopa (5) vgrajena tudi senzorja (81, 82) za merjenje hitrosti. Prvi senzor (81) je vgrajen v neposredni bližini udarnega vzvoda (3) in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom (34) na udarnem vzvodu (3) ter s tem za merjenje hitrosti (Vv) premikanja udarnega vzvoda (3). Preostali senzor (82) je vgrajen v neposredni bližini stikalnega gumba (1) in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom (12) na stikalnem gumbu (1) ter s tem za merjenje obodne hitrosti (Vg) vrtenja stikalnega gumba (1) okoli vrtišča (10). Oba senzorja (81, 82) sta povezana z upravljalno enoto (9), ki je po drugi strani povezana z vsaj dvema na ohišju naprave razpoložljivima in navzven vidnima indikatorjema (91, 92, 93).The device for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overloads comprises a housing in which, besides the push button (1), the switching rod (2), the impact lever (3), the switching lever (4) and the actuator assembly (5) , 82) for speed measurement. The first sensor (81) is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the impact lever (3) and is adapted to cooperate with the attachment (34) on the impact lever (3), thereby measuring the velocity (Vv) of the impact lever (3). The remaining sensor (82) is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the switching button (1) and is adapted to cooperate with the attachment (12) on the switching button (1), thereby measuring the peripheral speed (Vg) of rotation of the switching button (1) around the pivot ). Both sensors (81, 82) are connected to a control unit (9), which is, on the other hand, connected to at least two on the device housing available to and visible to the indicators (91, 92, 93).
Description
Naprava za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam z možnostjo indikacije vzroka za prekinitevDevice for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overloads with the possibility of indicating the cause of the break
Izum spada na področje elektrotehnike, in sicer k osnovnim električnim komponentam, namreč k stikalom in podrobnostim zaščitnih električnih stikal, ki se prožijo na osnovi kombinacije elektrotermalnega in magnetnega mehanizma ter so upravljiva s pomočjo ustreznega vzvoda. Po drugi strani je izum te vrste lahko uvrščen na področje fizike, in sicer k napravam za merjenje električnih spremenljivk, konkretno električne moči oz. energije.The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to basic electrical components, namely to switches and details of protective electrical switches, which are actuated by a combination of electrothermal and magnetic mechanism and are controlled by a suitable lever. On the other hand, an invention of this kind may be classified in the field of physics, namely, devices for measuring electrical variables, namely electrical power or. energy.
Naloga izuma je zasnovati napravo za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam, pri kateri bo omogočena indikacija vzroka za prekinitev, na osnovi česar bo navzven vidno, če je do odklopa in prekinitve električnega toka prišlo zaradi preobremenitve električnega tokokroga, še zlasti zaradi nadtoka.It is an object of the invention to design a device for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overloads, which will provide an indication of the cause of the interruption, on the basis of which it will be visible externally if the electrical circuit is disconnected and interrupted due to an overload of the electrical circuit, especially due to overcurrent.
Naprava za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam je kot taka opisana v prijaviteljevi zgodnejši prijavi EP 2 545 576 BI, na katero se prijavitelj sklicuje z referenco.The device for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overload is, as such, described in the applicant's earlier application EP 2 545 576 BI, to which the applicant refers by reference.
Pred tem je bilo iz EP 1 488 438 BI je znano dvopolno električno stikalo, sestoječe iz kontaktnega sklopa, ki obsega nepremakljiv kontakt in zavihtljivo premakljiv kontakt, ki je s pomočjo stikalne vzmeti prednapeto držan v svojem sklenjenem položaju, kot tudi stikalni vzvod, ki preko zavihtljivega udarnega vzvoda učinkuje na premakljiv kontakt, nadalje ustrezen sprožilec z udarno iglo, ki v primeru napake deluje na omenjen udarni vzvod na tak način, da sprosti stikalni locen, s čimer se potem prekine električni tokokrog, v katerega je stikalo vgrajeno.Previously known from EP 1 488 438 BI is a two-pole electrical switch consisting of a contact assembly comprising a fixed contact and a pivotably movable contact which is tensely held in its closed position by means of a switch spring, as well as a switch lever which through the swivel impact lever acts on a movable contact, further a suitable trigger with a shock needle which, in the event of a failure, acts on said impact lever in such a way that it releases the switch separator, thereby breaking the electrical circuit in which the switch is mounted.
Pričujoči izum se nanaša na napravo za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam, pri čemer tovrstna naprava obsegaThe present invention relates to a device for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overloads, wherein such device comprises
- stikalni gumb, ki sestoji iz električno izolativnega materiala in ki je v vsakokratnem ohišju iz električno izolativnega materiala zasukljivo uležiščen v vrtišču in obsega izven ohišja segajočo upravljalno ročico;- a switch knob consisting of an electrically insulating material, which in each case is electrically insulated rotatably pivoted in a pivot and comprises a control lever extending outside the housing;
- stikalni locen, ki je členkasto priključen k omenjenemu stikalnemu gumbu in prirejen za naleganje na stikalnem vzvodu in podpiranje stikalnega gumba;- a switch separator which is articulated to the said switch and adapted to engage the switch lever and support the switch;
- stikalni vzvod, ki je v omenjenem ohišju zasukljivo uležiščen v vrtišču in podprt z vzmetjo, ki je prirejena za pritiskanje stikalnega vzvoda v smeri proti omenjenemu stikalnemu gumbu, pri čemer omenjen stikalni vzvod po eni strani obsega krak, ki je prirejen za naleganje na premakljivem kontaktu, po drugi strani pa je v zglobu členkasto povezan u udarnim vzvodom;- a switch lever which is pivotably pivoted in the pivot in said housing and supported by a spring adapted to press a switch lever in the direction of said switch, said switch lever on one side comprising a arm adapted to be movable contact, on the other hand, is articulated in the joint by a shock lever;
- premakljivi kontakt, ki je v ohišju uležiščen v vrtišču in podprt z vzmetjo, ki je prirejena za pritiskanje premakljivega kontakta v smeri proti nepremakljivemu kontaktu, pri čemer je omenjeni krak stikalnega vzvoda prirejen za naleganje na premakljivem kontaktu in za pritiskanje slednjega proti sili omenjene vzmeti v smeri vstran od nepremakljivega kontakta, in pri čemer sta premakljivi kontakt in nepremakljivi kontakt vsak zase izvedena iz električno prevodnega materiala in vsak zase preko neprikazanih priključnih sponk na ohišju povezljiva v vsakokraten električni tokokrog, ki je v primeru medsebojnega naleganja kontaktov sklenjen, v nasprotnem primeru pa prekinjen;- a movable contact which is pivoted in a pivot housing and supported by a spring adapted to press the movable contact in the direction of the non-movable contact, said arm of the switch lever being adapted to engage the movable contact and to press the latter against the force of said spring away from the fixed contact, wherein the movable contact and the permanent contact are each made of electrically conductive material and each is connected to the electrical circuit by means of non-shown terminal terminals on the housing, otherwise closed in case of contact between the contacts. paused;
- prožilni sklop, ki vključuje udarno iglo, s katero je povezana bimetalna podložka, kot tudi tuljavo, ki je tako kot omenjena kontakta povezljiva v vsakokraten električni tokokrog in prirejena za sodelovanje z magnetom, ki je prav povezan z omenjeno udarno iglo; in- an actuator assembly including a shock needle to which a bimetallic washer is connected, as well as a coil which, like said contacts, is connected to the respective electrical circuit and adapted to cooperate with a magnet which is just connected to said shock needle; and
- udarni vzvod, ki obsega pred udarno iglo prožilnega sklopa razporejen prvi krak, medtem ko je preostali krak udarnega vzvoda prirejen za sodelovanje s stikalnim locnom, razen tega pa je med prvim krakom udarnega vzvoda in stikalnim gumbom napeta natezna vzmet.- a shock lever comprising a first arm in front of the actuator needle, while the remaining arm of the shock lever is adapted to engage with the switch arm, and a tensile spring is tensioned between the first arm of the impact arm and the switch.
Po izumu je predvideno, da naprava predhodno opisane vrste nadalje obsega v omenjenem ohišju vgrajena senzorja za merjenje hitrosti, pri čemer je prvi senzor vgrajen v neposredni bližini udarnega vzvoda in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom na udarnem vzvodu ter s tem za merjenje hitrosti premikanja udarnega vzvoda, preostali senzor pa je vgrajen v neposredni bližini stikalnega gumba in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom na stikalnem gumbu ter s tem za merjenje obodne hitrosti vrtenja stikalnega gumba okoli vrtišča. Omenjena senzorja sta povezana z upravljalno enoto, ki je po drugi strani povezana z vsaj dvema na ohišju naprave razpoložljivima in navzven vidnima indikatorjema, obenem pa je v upravljalni enoti preprečeno sočasno aktiviranje dveh ali več indikatorjev.According to the invention, it is envisaged that the device of the type described above further comprises a speed sensing device in said housing, the first sensor being mounted in close proximity to the impact lever and adapted to cooperate with the impact lever attachment and thereby to measure the movement speed of the impact lever , and the remaining sensor is installed in the immediate vicinity of the switch knob and adapted to interact with the switch on the switch knob and thus to measure the circumferential speed of rotation of the switch knob around the pivot. These sensors are connected to a control unit, which, in turn, is connected to at least two indicators available and externally visible on the device body, while preventing the simultaneous activation of two or more indicators.
Pri tem je vsaj eden izmed indikatorjev predviden za signaliziranje prekinitve električnega tokokroga zaradi ročnega odklopa, kadar je hitrost premikanja udarnega vzvoda manjša od hitrosti premikanja stikalnega gumba. Po drugi strani je vsaj eden izmed indikatorjev predviden za signaliziranje prekinitve električnega tokokroga zaradi električne preobremenitve le-tega, kadar je hitrost premikanja • ·In this case, at least one of the indicators is provided for signaling the interruption of the electrical circuit due to manual disconnection when the speed of movement of the impact lever is less than the speed of movement of the switch. On the other hand, at least one of the indicators is intended to signal an interruption of the electrical circuit due to its electrical overload when the travel speed is • ·
udarnega vzvoda večja od hitrosti premikanja stikalnega gumba. PO izbiri je nadalje predviden vsaj en indikator, ki je aktiviran v primeru, kadar je električni tokokrog sklenjen in obratuje regularno, t.j. brez preobremenitev. Vsakokraten indikator je načeloma prirejen za signaliziranje svojega aktiviranega oz. deaktiviranega stanja, pri čemer je pri prednostni izvedbi izuma vsaj en indikator na voljo kot svetlobna dioda (LED).impact lever greater than the speed of movement of the switch. Optionally, at least one indicator is provided, which is activated when the electrical circuit is closed and operates on a regular basis, i.e. no overload. The respective indicator is, in principle, adapted to signal its activated or. of the deactivated state, wherein in the preferred embodiment of the invention at least one indicator is available as a light emitting diode (LED).
Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen s primerom izvedbe, ki je ponazorjen na priloženi skici, kjerThe invention will now be explained in more detail by way of an embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawing, where
Sl. kaže shematično ponazorjeno napravo po izumu v vklopljenem stanju med regularnim obratovanjem električnega tokokrogaFIG. shows a schematically illustrated device according to the invention in the on state during regular operation of the electrical circuit
Sl. 2 kaže prav tako shematično ponazorjeno napravo po izumu v izklopljenem stanju, kije posledica ročnega odklopa;FIG. 2 also shows a schematically illustrated device of the invention in the off state resulting from manual disconnection;
Sl. 3 kaže prav tako shematično ponazorjeno napravo po izumu v izklopljenem stanju, kije posledica odklopa zaradi električne preobremenitve;FIG. 3 also shows a schematically illustrated device of the invention in the off state resulting from disconnection due to electrical overload;
Sl. 4 pa prav tako shematično kaže ureditev senzorjev, upravljalne enote in pripadajočih indikatorjev.FIG. 4 also schematically shows the arrangement of sensors, control unit and associated indicators.
Naprava za zaščito električnega tokokroga proti električnim preobremenitvam obsega stikalni gumb 1, ki sestoji iz električno izolativnega materiala in ki je v neprikazanem ohišju, sestoječem prav tako iz električno izolativnega materiala, zasukljivo uležiščen v vrtišču 10 in obsega izven ohišja segajočo upravljalno ročico 11.The device for protecting the electrical circuit against electrical overloads comprises a switch 1, which consists of an electrically insulating material and which is in a non-shown housing, also consisting of an electrically insulating material, pivoted in a pivot 10 and extends a control arm 11 extending beyond the housing.
K omenjenemu stikalnemu gumbu 1 je členkasto priključen stikalni locen 2, ki je med regularnim obratovanjem prirejen za podpiranje stikalnega gumba 1 in po drugi strani prirejen za naleganje na stikalnem vzvodu 4, kije v omenjenem ohišju • · zasukljivo uležiščen v vrtišču 40 in podprt z vzmetjo 41, ki je prirejena za pritiskanje stikalnega vzvoda 4 v smeri proti stikalnemu gumbu 1. Stikalni vzvod 4 po eni strani obsega krak 42, ki je prirejen za naleganje na premakljivem kontaktu 71, po drugi strani pa je v zglobu 43 členkasto povezan u udarnim vzvodom 3.The switch knob 1 is articulated to said switch knob 2, which is adapted to support switch knob 1 during regular operation and, on the other hand, is adapted to be mounted on switch lever 4, which is pivotally mounted in the pivot 40 and supported by a spring in said housing. 41, which is adapted to press switch lever 4 in the direction of switch knob 1. Switch lever 4 comprises, on one side, a lever 42 adapted to engage at a movable contact 71 and, on the other hand, is articulated in the joint 43 in impact lever. 3.
Omenjen premakljivi kontakt 71 je v ohišju uležiščen v vrtišču 71' in podprt z vzmetjo 71, ki je prirejena za pritiskanje premakljivega kontakta 71 v smeri proti nepremakljivemu kontaktu 72. Omenjeni krak 42 stikalnega vzvoda 4 je prirejen za naleganje na premakljivem kontaktu 71 in prirejen za pritiskanje slednjega proti sili omenjene vzmeti 71 v smeri vstran od nepremakljivega kontakta 72. Pri tem sta premakljivi kontakt 71 in nepremakljivi kontakt 72 vsak zase izvedena iz električno prevodnega materiala in vsak zase preko neprikazanih priključnih sponk na ohišju povezljiva v vsakokraten električni tokokrog, ki je v primeru medsebojnega naleganja kontaktov 71, 72 sklenjen, v nasprotnem primeru pa prekinjen.Said movable contact 71 is housed in a housing in a pivot 71 ' and supported by a spring 71 adapted to press the movable contact 71 towards a non-movable contact 72. Said lever 42 of the switch lever 4 is adapted to engage the movable contact 71 and adapted to pushing the latter against the force of said spring 71 in the direction away from the fixed contact 72. In this case, the movable contact 71 and the fixed contact 72 are each independently made of electrically conductive material and each is connected to the respective electrical circuit through the non-shown terminal terminals on the housing. in case of mutual contact of contacts 71, 72 concluded, otherwise terminated.
Naprava nadalje obsega prožilni sklop 5, ki vključuje udarno iglo 51, s katero je povezana bimetalna podložka 52, kot tudi tuljavo 53, ki je tako kot omenjena kontakta 71, 72 povezljiva v vsakokraten električni tokokrog in prirejena za sodelovanje z neprikazanim magnetom, kije prav tako povezan z omenjeno udarno iglo 51. Udarna igla 51 je bodisi s pomočjo bimetalne podložke 52 ali omenjenega magneta tuljave 53 v svoji aksialni smeri premakljiva v smeri proti udarnemu vzvodu 3. Kadar zaradi nadtoka pride do segrevanja, udarno iglo 51 proti udarnemu vzvodu 3 premakne bimetalna podložka 52, v primeru diferenčnega toka pa se v tuljavi 53 generira magnetna sila, čemur sledi premik udarne igle 51 v smeri proti udarnemu vzvodu 3.The apparatus further comprises a trigger assembly 5 including a shock needle 51 to which a bimetallic washer 52 is connected, as well as a coil 53, which, like said contacts 71, 72, is connected to the respective electrical circuit and adapted to cooperate with a non-shown magnet, which thus connected to said impact needle 51. The impact needle 51 is movable in the axial direction in the axial direction, either by means of a bimetallic washer 52 or by said coil magnet 53, in case of overheating. bimetallic washer 52, and in the case of differential current, a magnetic force is generated in the coil 53, followed by the displacement of the impact needle 51 toward the impact lever 3.
Udarni vzvod 3, obsega pred udarno iglo 51 razporejen krak 31, med slednjim in stikalnim gumbom 1 pa je napeta natezna vzmet 32. Nasprotni krak 33 udarnega vzvoda 3 je prirejen za sodelovanje s stikalnim locnom 2.Impact lever 3 comprising a spacer arm 31 arranged in front of the needle 51 and a tension spring 32 between the latter and the switch button 1. The counter lever arm 33 of the impact lever 3 is adapted to cooperate with the switch arm 2.
V omenjenem ohišju sta nadalje vgrajena senzorja 81, 82 za merjenje hitrosti, pri čemer je prvi senzor 81 vgrajen v neposredni bližini udarnega vzvoda 3 in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom 34 na udarnem vzvodu 3 in s tem za merjenje hitrosti Vv premikanja udarnega vzvoda 3, preostali senzor 82 pa je vgrajen v neposredni bližini stikalnega gumba 1 in prirejen za sodelovanje z nastavkom 12 na stikalnem gumbu 1 in s tem za merjenje obodne hitrosti Vg vrtenja stikalnega gumba 1 okoli vrtišča 10.The said housing further comprises speed sensors 81, 82, the first sensor 81 being mounted in the immediate vicinity of the impact lever 3 and adapted to engage with the impact lever 34 on the impact lever 3 and thereby measuring the velocity V in the movements of the impact lever 3 and the remaining sensor 82 is mounted in close proximity to switch 1 and adapted to engage with mount 12 on switch 1 and thereby measure the circumferential velocity V g of rotation of switch 1 around pivot 10.
Omenjena senzorja 81, 82 sta povezana z upravljalno enoto 9, kije po drugi strani povezana z vsaj dvema na ohišju naprave razpoložljivima in navzven vidnima indikatorjema 91, 92, 93.Said sensors 81, 82 are connected to a control unit 9, which in turn is connected to at least two indicators 91, 92, 93 available and externally visible on the housing of the device.
Vsakokraten indikator 91, 92, 93 je prirejen za signaliziranje svojega aktiviranega oz. deaktiviranega stanja in je lahko na voljo npr. kot svetlobna dioda (LED), pri čemer je v upravljalni enoti 9 preprečeno sočasno aktiviranje dveh ali več indikatorjev 91, 92, 93.The respective indicator 91, 92, 93 is adapted for signaling its activated or. deactivated state and may be available e.g. as a light emitting diode (LED), preventing the simultaneous activation of two or more indicators 91, 92, 93 in the control unit 9.
Prvi indikator 91 je predviden za signaliziranje ročnega odklopa (Sl. 2), pri katerem je izpolnjen pogojThe first indicator 91 is provided for signaling a manual disconnect (Fig. 2) at which the condition is fulfilled
Vv < Vg.V v <V g .
Pri ročnem odklopu naprave z namenom prekinitve električnega tokokroga, v katero je ta vključena, je namreč obodna hitrost Vg sukanja stikalnega gumba 1 večja od hitrosti Vv premikanja udarnega vzvoda 3.When manually disconnecting the device for the purpose of interrupting the electrical circuit to which it is connected, the circumferential velocity V g of twist of switch 1 is greater than velocity V v of the movement of the impact lever 3.
• ·• ·
Drugi indikator 92 je predviden za signaliziranje odklopa v primeru preobremenitve električnega tokokroga (Sl. 2), pri katerem je izpolnjen pogojA second indicator 92 is provided for signaling a trip in the event of an overload of the electrical circuit (Fig. 2), which fulfills the condition
Vv > Vg.V v > V g .
V primeru prekinitve električnega tokokroga, v katero je naprava vključena, je namreč po naletu udarne igle 51 na udarni vzvod 3 hitrost Vv slednjega večja od obodne hitrosti Vg sukanja stikalnega gumba 1. Ob naletu udarne igle 51 na krak 31 udarnega vzvoda 3 se namreč slednji prične premikati takoj in z razmeroma visoko hitrostjo Vv mimo pripadajočega senzorja 81, pri čemer pride do premika stikalnega stremena 2, s katerim je v položaju po Sl. 1 podprt stikalni gumb 1, šele na to pa zahvaljujoč delovanju sile vzmeti 32 tudi do zasuka stikalnega gumba 1 z obodno hitrostjo Vg relativno glede na pripadajoči senzor 82.In case of interruption of the electrical circuit into which the machine is turned on, it is necessary on collision of the striker 51 on the actuating lever 3 the speed V of the latter is greater than the circumferential speed V g of rotation of the switch button 1. Upon collision of the striker 51 on the arm 31 of the actuating lever 3 is Indeed the latter begins to move immediately and with a relatively high speed in the past the corresponding sensor 81, whereby it comes to moving the switch of the strap 2, which is in the position according to Fig. 1 supports switch 1, but only thanks to the action of the spring force 32, even to the rotation of switch 1 at a circumferential velocity V g relative to the associated sensor 82.
Po izbiri je predviden tudi indikator 93, ki je aktiviran v primeru, kadar je električni tokokrog sklenjen in obratuje regularno, t.j. brez preobremenitev.Optionally, an indicator 93 is provided, which is activated when the electrical circuit is closed and operates on a regular basis, i.e. no overload.
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