SI24630A - Procedure of preparing of aluminium based alloy, especially for casting of highly stressed thin-walled car parts - Google Patents

Procedure of preparing of aluminium based alloy, especially for casting of highly stressed thin-walled car parts Download PDF

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SI24630A
SI24630A SI201400077A SI201400077A SI24630A SI 24630 A SI24630 A SI 24630A SI 201400077 A SI201400077 A SI 201400077A SI 201400077 A SI201400077 A SI 201400077A SI 24630 A SI24630 A SI 24630A
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casting
alloy
temperature
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SI201400077A
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Brane Kaisersberger
Darko Vranešević
Simon Pečnik
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Rc Simit, D.O.O.
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Priority to SI201400077A priority Critical patent/SI24630A/en
Priority to PCT/SI2014/000046 priority patent/WO2015130237A1/en
Publication of SI24630A publication Critical patent/SI24630A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Po izumu je predviden postopek priprave zlitine na osnovi aluminija, zlasti za litje visoko obremenjenih tankostenskih avtomobilskih delov, pri katerem se iz sekundarnega tj. recikliranega aluminija pridobi zlitino AlSi5CulMg z vsebnostjo železa nad 0,6%, nakar se v tako pridobljeni zlitini z dodajanjem čistega primarnega Al vsebnost železa Fe znižuje do vsebnosti pod 0,2%. Pri tem se po izbiri dodaja vsaj eno izmed predzlitin iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo AlSil2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AISrlO, AlTi5Bl, in po izbiri vsaj en elektrolitsko čist nadaljnji element, ki je izbran iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo Ni, Mn, Cu in Mg, čemur sledi litje in strjevanje vsakokrat pridobljenega avtomobilskega dela, zatem pa še toplotna obdelava ulitka.According to the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of an aluminum-based alloy, in particular for the casting of heavily laden thin-walled automotive parts, in which, from the secondary, recycled aluminum obtains an AlSi5CulMg alloy with an iron content of more than 0.6%, and then the content of iron Fe is lowered to an amount below 0.2% by adding pure primary Al in the thus obtained alloy. An optional addition of at least one of the predilexins from the group consisting of AlSyl2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AISrlO, AlTi5Bl, and optionally at least one electrolytically pure further element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, Cu and Mg, followed by the casting and solidification of the automotive component obtained, and then the heat treatment of the cast.

Description

Postopek priprave zlitine na osnovi aluminija, zlasti za litje visoko obremenjenih tenkostenskih avtomobilskih delovAluminum-based alloy preparation process, especially for casting high-load thin-walled auto parts

Izum se nanaša na postopek priprave zlitine na osnovi aluminija, zlasti za litje proti koroziji odpornih visoko obremenjenih tenkostenskih avtomobilskih delov, kakršen je npr. ohišje turbokompresorja.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aluminum-based alloy, in particular for the casting of corrosion-resistant high-load thin-walled auto parts, such as e.g. turbocharger housing.

Tovrstni izumi so razvrščeni na področje kemije, namreč k zlitinam neželeznih kovin, konkretno pa k postopkom za spreminjanje fizikalne strukture zlitine na osnovi aluminija, v kateri drugi najpomembnejši element predstavlja silicij.Such inventions are classified in the field of chemistry, namely non-ferrous metal alloys, and more specifically, processes for modifying the physical structure of an aluminum based alloy in which silicon is the second most important element.

Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako vsaj v pretežni meri iz sekundarnega aluminija pridobiti zlitino AlSi5CulMg, katere mehanske lastnosti bodo omogočale njeno uporabo pri izdelavi proti koroziji odpornih visoko obremenjenih litih tenkostenskih avtomobilskih delov.The invention is based on the problem of obtaining at least predominantly from secondary aluminum an AlSi5CulMg alloy, the mechanical properties of which will allow its use in the manufacture of high-resistance cast thin-walled automobile parts against corrosion.

Postopek priprave zlitine na osnovi aluminija za uporabo v avtomobilski industriji je opisan v EP 2 698 216 Al.The process of preparing an aluminum-based alloy for use in the automotive industry is described in EP 2 698 216 Al.

Po izumu je uvodoma navedeni problem rešen s postopkom, pri katerem se iz sekundarnega t.j. recikliranega aluminija pridobi zlitino AlSi5CulMg z vsebnostjo železaAccording to the invention, the aforementioned problem is solved by a process whereby from a secondary i.e. recycled aluminum acquires an AlSi5CulMg alloy with iron content

Fe > 0,6%, nakar se v tako pridobljeni zlitini z dodajanjem čistega primarnega Al vsebnost železa Fe znižuje do izpolnitve pogojaFe> 0.6%, and then in the alloy thus obtained, by adding pure primary Al, the iron content of Fe decreases until the condition is fulfilled

Fe < 0,2 pri čemer se po izbiri dodaja vsaj eno izmed predzitin, izbrano iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo AlSil2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AlSrlO, AlTi5Bl, in po izbiri vsaj en elektrolitsko čist nadaljnji element, kije izbran iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo Ni, Mn, Cu in Mg, čemur sledi litje in strjevanje vsakokrat pridobljenega avtomobilskega dela, zatem pa še toplotna obdelava ulitka.Fe <0.2 with the optional addition of at least one of the preditines selected from the group consisting of AlSil2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AlSrlO, AlTi5Bl, and optionally at least one electrolytically pure further element selected from the group consisting of they form Ni, Mn, Cu and Mg, followed by the casting and curing of the car part obtained each time, followed by the heat treatment of the casting.

Litje tako pridobljene zlitine se po izbiri vrši v jekleno kokilo, pri čemer temperatura taline znaša med 720°C in 730°C, temperatura jeklene kokile pa med 380°C in 420°C. Litje se lahko vrši tudi v peščeno mešanico furana, pri čemer temperatura taline znaša med 730°C in 740°C.The casting of the alloy thus obtained is optionally made into a steel mold, with the melt temperature being between 720 ° C and 730 ° C and the steel mold temperature being between 380 ° C and 420 ° C. Casting can also be carried out in a sandy mixture of furan, with the melt temperature being between 730 ° C and 740 ° C.

Toplotno obdelavo ulitkov se vrši s homogenizacijskim žarjenjem in zatem še z umetnim staranjem. Korak homogenizacijskega žarjenja se vrši s postopnim segrevanjem na temperaturo med 525°C in 530°C, ki traja vsaj približno 2 h, zatem pa z vzdrževanjem na omenjeni temperaturi v trajanju 8 - 10 h in zatem gašenjem v vodi temperature vsaj približno 20°C v trajanju 10 min. Korak umetnega staranja se vrši s postopnim segrevanjem na temperaturo med 150°C in 155°C, ki traja vsaj približno 0,5 h, zatem pa z vzdrževanjem na omenjeni temperaturi v trajanju 8-10 h, čemur sledi ohlajanje na zraku.The heat treatment of castings is done by homogenization annealing and then by artificial aging. The homogenization annealing step is carried out by gradually heating to a temperature of between 525 ° C and 530 ° C for at least about 2 h, and then maintained at said temperature for 8-10 h and then quenching in water at least about 20 ° C. for 10 min. The artificial aging step is carried out by gradually heating to a temperature of between 150 ° C and 155 ° C for at least about 0.5 h, followed by maintaining it at that temperature for 8-10 h, followed by cooling in air.

Po izumu je predvidena tudi uporaba zlitine, pridobljene po postopku s prej navedenimi značilnostmi, za izdelavo ohišja turbokompresorja pri avtomobilskem motorju z notranjim zgorevanjem.According to the invention, it is also contemplated to use an alloy obtained by the process with the aforementioned characteristics for the manufacture of a turbocharger housing for an internal combustion engine car.

Z znižanjem vsebnosti Fe pod 0,2% se prepreči nastanek železovih intermetalnih faz v zlitini na osnovi aluminija, kar privede do izvrstnih mehanskih lastnosti, odpornosti proti koroziji, z dodajanjem Ti in Sr pa se doseže tudi drobnozrnato strukturo.Reduction of Fe content below 0.2% prevents the formation of iron intermetallic phases in an aluminum based alloy, resulting in excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and the addition of Ti and Sr to a fine-grained structure.

Primer:Example:

Izhodiščno surovino za pripravo Al-zlitine s postopkom po izumu je predstavljala zlitina na osnovi sekundarnega aluminija, namreč selektivno recikliranega odpadnega aluminija s sledečo sestavo:The starting material for the preparation of the Al-alloy by the process according to the invention was an alloy based on secondary aluminum, namely selectively recycled aluminum scrap with the following composition:

Element Element .. Min (%) .. Min (%) Si Si 3,5 3.5 6,5 6.5 Mg Mg 0,3 0.3 0,65 0.65 Fe Fe 0,4 0.4 Ti You 0,1 0.1 0,2 0.2 Mn Mn 0,1 0.1 0,2 0.2 Zn Zn 0,05 0.05 0,1 0.1 Cu Cu 0,8 0.8 1,55 1.55 Ostali elementi, vsak Other elements, each 0,05 0.05 Ostali elementi skupaj Other elements together 0,15 0.15 Al Al ostalo the rest

Orientacijska sestava primarnega Alje sledeča:The orientation composition of the primary ale is as follows:

PRIMARNI Al 99,5 PRIMARY Al 99.5 PRIMARNI Al 99,8 PRIMARY Al 99.8 PRIMARNI Al 99,9 PRIMARY Al 99.9 kemijska sestava chemical composition (¾) (¾) kemijska sestava chemical composition {%) {%) kemijska sestava chemical composition (%) (%) Si Si <0,10 <0.10 Si Si <0,10 <0.10 Si Si <0,05 <0.05 Fe Fe <0,20 <0.20 Fe Fe <0,12 <0.12 Fe Fe <0,08 <0.08 Gu. Gu. <0,01 <0.01 G.u. G.u. <0,01 <0.01 Gii Gii <0,01 <0.01 Ga Ga <0.03 <0.03 Ga Ga <0,03 <0,03 Ga Ga <0,03 <0,03 Mg Mg <0.03 <0.03 Mg Mg <0,02 <0.02 Mg Mg <0,02 <0.02 ostali pQs.am. other pQs.am. <0.03 <0.03 ostali pQs.am. other pQs.am. <0,03 <0,03 ostali pašam. the others are grazing. <0,03 <0,03

Zahtevana oz. pričakovana sestava zlitine AlSi5CulMg je sledeča:Required or. the expected composition of the AlSi5CulMg alloy is as follows:

jO· · Jb-r Element jO · · Jb-r Element Min (%) Min (%) ,. R* Λ ,. R * Λ Si Si 4,5 4.5 5,5 5.5 Mg Mg 0,4 0.4 0,6 0.6 Fe Fe 0,2 0.2 Ti You 0,2 0.2 Mn Mn 0,1 0.1 Zn Zn 0,1 0.1 Cu Cu 1 1 1,5 1.5 Ostali elementi, vsak Other elements, each 0,05 0.05 Ostali elementi skupaj Other elements together 0,15 0.15 Al Al ostalo the rest

Za pripravo 350 kg taline smo uporabili 200 kg sekundarnega Al in 15 kg odpadkov iz predhodnega litja AL-zlitine v kokile, nakar smo vsebnost Fe v talini znižali pod 0,2% z dodajanjem 135 kg primarnega Al.For the preparation of 350 kg of melt, 200 kg of secondary Al and 15 kg of waste from the pre-casting of AL alloy were used in the molds, after which the Fe content of the melt was reduced below 0.2% by adding 135 kg of primary Al.

Litje taline je bilo izvršeno po eni strani v peščeno mešanico s furanom in po drugi strani v jekleno kokilo, pri čemer so bila jedra v obeh primerih izdelana po croning postopku. Talina je bila oplemenitena z Α1ΤΪ5Β1 ter s Sr, pri čemer je bilo za 350 kg taline je bilo dodano 7 kg Α1ΤΪ5Β1 in 0,6 kg Sr.The melt casting was performed on the one hand into a sand mixture with furan and on the other into a steel mold, with the cores being made in both cases by croning process. The melt was refined with Α1ΤΪ5Β1 and Sr, with 7 kg Α1ΤΪ5Β1 and 0.6 kg Sr. added for 350 kg melt.

Kemijska sestava vložka v vzdrževalni peči je bila sledeča:The chemical composition of the cartridge in the maintenance furnace was as follows:

' '1. Element '' 1. Element Pricakovana'ysebr|^g Expected'ysebr | ^ Mr Si Si 4,5-5,5 4,5-5,5 5,10 5.10 Fe Fe <0,20 <0.20 0,121 0.121 Cu Cu 1,0-1,5 1,0-1,5 1,42 1.42 Mn Mn <0,10 <0.10 0,0515 0,0515 Mg Mg 0,4 - 0,6 0.4 - 0.6 0,508 0,508 th most common Zn Zn <0,10 <0.10 0,0668 0,0668 Ni It is not <0,05 <0.05 0,0489 0,0489 Ti You <0,20 <0.20 0,171 0,171 Sr Sr 0,01 - 0,02 0.01 - 0.02 0,0195 0.0195

Tehnološke lastnosti litine so bile sledeče:The technological characteristics of the cast were as follows:

KF je znašal med 9 in 15, vsebnost vodika Di < 4, podhladitev med 4°C in 8°C. Koncentracija modifikatorja za zmanjšanje primarnega α je tako v primeru litja v kokilo in peščeno formo znašala od 0,05 do 0,3% Ti, za zmanjšanje zrna evtektika pa Sr od 0,004% do 0,05%. Če zasledujemo koncentracijo Fe približno 0,15%, še zlasti približno 0,12%, se možnost tvorbe intermetalne faze FeAl3, FeMnAl6 in aAlFeSi znatno zmanjša, s tem pa se zagotovi raztezek. Mikrostrukturo zlitine v toplotno obdelanem stanju predstavljajo sferoidni delci Si-evtektika, razpršenega v meddendritnem prostoru primarnega zrna a.KF was between 9 and 15, hydrogen content Di <4, subcooling between 4 ° C and 8 ° C. Concentration of the modifier to reduce primary α was therefore 0.05 to 0.3% Ti in the case of casting into the mold and sand form, and Sr from 0.004% to 0.05% for the reduction of the eutectic grain. If a Fe concentration of about 0.15%, especially about 0.12%, is observed, the possibility of formation of the intermetallic phase of FeAl 3 , FeMnAl 6 and aAlFeSi is significantly reduced, thus providing elongation. The microstructure of the alloy in the heat-treated state is represented by spheroid particles of Si-eutectic dispersed in the interdendritic space of the primary grain a.

S pripravo taline po postopku po izumu vključno s toplotno obdelavo, namreč homogenizacijskim žaljenjem in zatem še z umetnim staranjem, smo pri ulitku v peščeno mešanico s furanom dosegli natezno trdnost 275 Mpa in napetost tečenja 176 Mpa, pri litju v jekleno kokilo pa natezno trdnost 290 Mpa in napetost tečenja 193 Mpa. Vzporedno je bilo izvršeno litje takoimenovanih prilitih palic premera 18 mm po standardu NF A 57 - 702, ki so namenjene za izdelavo epruvet za izvajanje nateznega preizkusa. Natezna trdnost materiala prilitih palic je znašala 360 Mpa, napetost tečenja pa 310 Mpa.By preparing the melt according to the process according to the invention, including heat treatment, namely homogenization insult and then artificial aging, a tensile strength of 275 Mpa and a tensile strength of 176 Mpa were obtained when casting into a sand mixture with furan, and a tensile strength of 290 casting into a steel mold. Mpa and flow stress 193 Mpa. In parallel, the casting of so-called 18 mm diameter rods according to standard NF A 57 - 702 was performed for the purpose of making test tubes for tensile testing. The tensile strength of the infused rod material was 360 Mpa and the tensile strength was 310 Mpa.

Mikrostruktura ulitkov z dendriti a, evtektikom Al-Si ter intermetalnimi fazami je v obliki metalografskih posnetkov ponazorjena na Sl. 1-4, medtem ko je mikrostruktura po toplotni obdelavi ponazorjena na Sl. 5-8.The microstructure of castings with dendritic a, eutectic Al-Si and intermetallic phases is illustrated in the form of metallographic images in Figs. 1-4, while the microstructure after heat treatment is illustrated in FIG. 5-8.

Claims (9)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Postopek priprave zlitine na osnovi aluminija, zlasti za litje visoko obremenjenih tenkostenskih avtomobilskih delov, pri katerem se iz sekundarnega t.j. recikliranega aluminija pridobi zlitino AlSi5CulMg z vsebnostjo železa1. A process for the preparation of an aluminum-based alloy, in particular for casting high-load thin-walled auto parts in which a secondary, i.e. recycled aluminum acquires an AlSi5CulMg alloy with iron content Fe > 0,6%, nakar se v tako pridobljeni zlitini z dodajanjem čistega primarnega Al vsebnost železa Fe znižuje do izpolnitve pogojaFe> 0.6%, and then in the alloy thus obtained, by adding pure primary Al, the iron content of Fe decreases until the condition is fulfilled Fe < 0,2% pri čemer se po izbiri dodaja vsaj eno izmed predzitin iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo AlSil2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AlSrlO, ΑΓΠ5Β1, in po izbiri vsaj en elektrolitsko čist nadaljnji element, kije izbran iz skupine, ki jo tvorijo Ni, Mn, Cu in Mg, čemur sledi litje in strjevanje vsakokrat pridobljenega avtomobilskega dela, zatem pa še toplotna obdelava ulitka.Fe <0.2% with the optional addition of at least one of the precipitates from the group consisting of AlSil2, AlCu50, AlMg8, AlSrlO, ΑΓΠ5Β1, and optionally at least one electrolytically pure further element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, Cu and Mg, followed by the casting and curing of the car part obtained each time, followed by the heat treatment of the casting. 2. Postopek po zahtevku 1, pri čemer se litje vrši v jekleno kokilo.A method according to claim 1, wherein the casting is carried out in a steel mold. 3. Postopek po zahtevku 2, pri čemer temperatura taline znaša med 720°C in 730°C, temperatura jeklene kokile pa med 380°C in 420°C.The method of claim 2, wherein the melt temperature is between 720 ° C and 730 ° C and the steel mold temperature is between 380 ° C and 420 ° C. 4. Postopek po zahtevku 1, pri čemer se litje vrši v peščeno mešanico furana.The method of claim 1, wherein the casting is carried out in a sandy mixture of furans. 5. Postopek po zahtevku 4, pri čemer temperatura taline znaša med 730°C inThe method of claim 4, wherein the melt temperature is between 730 ° C and 740°C.740 ° C. 6. Postopek po kateremkoli od predhodnih zahtevkov, pri čemer se toplotno obdelavo ulitkov vrši s homogenizacijskim žarjenjem in zatem še z umetnim staranjem.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat treatment of the castings is carried out by homogenization annealing and subsequently by artificial aging. 7. Postopek po zahtevku 6, pri čemer se korak homogenizacijskega žarjenja vrši s postopnim segrevanjem na temperaturo med 525°C in 530°C, ki traja vsaj približno 2 h, zatem pa z vzdrževanjem na omenjeni temperaturi v trajanju 8 - 10 h in zatem gašenjem v vodi temperature vsaj približno 20°C v trajanju 10 min.The method of claim 6, wherein the homogenization annealing step is carried out by gradually heating to a temperature of between 525 ° C and 530 ° C for at least about 2 hours and then maintaining at said temperature for 8-10 hours and thereafter quenching in water at least about 20 ° C for 10 min. 8. Postopek po zahtevku 6, pri čemer se omenjeni korak umetnega staranja vrši s postopnim segrevanjem na temperaturo med 150°C in 155°C, ki traja vsaj približno 0,5 h, zatem pa z vzdrževanjem na omenjeni temperaturi v trajanju 8-10 h, čemur sledi ohlajanje na zraku.The method of claim 6, wherein said artificial aging step is carried out by gradually heating to a temperature between 150 ° C and 155 ° C for at least about 0.5 h and then maintaining it at said temperature for a period of 8-10 h followed by air cooling. 9. Uporaba zlitine, pridobljene s postopkom po zahtevkih 1 - 8, za izdelavo ohišja turbokompresorja pri avtomobilskem motorju z notranjim zgorevanjem.Use of an alloy obtained by the process according to claims 1 - 8 for the manufacture of a turbocharger housing for an internal combustion engine car.
SI201400077A 2014-02-28 2014-02-28 Procedure of preparing of aluminium based alloy, especially for casting of highly stressed thin-walled car parts SI24630A (en)

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PCT/SI2014/000046 WO2015130237A1 (en) 2014-02-28 2014-08-04 Process for preparation of aluminium-based alloys, especially for casting of motor vehicle parts

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US20030143102A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-07-31 Showa Denko K.K. Aluminum alloy excellent in cutting ability, aluminum alloy materials and manufacturing method thereof
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