SI24202A - Passive magnetic cradle with thwe mechanism of stopping and positioning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of a three-way sliding mechanism using magnetism, with NdFeB magnets in an antipolar geometry, which provides a minimum coefficient of friction when moving the sliding element and controlled stopping thereof in predetermined positions. The sliding, sliding and stopping of the sliding element at precisely determined points is enabled by reflective forces between the magnets attached to the upper two pairs of magnetic rails. In this way, levitation of sliding elements of larger masses is also enabled. The stabilization of the sliding element in the transverse direction to the direction of sliding is facilitated by attractive forces between the magnets attached to the pair of lower magnetic rails.

Description

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Passive magnetic bus with stop and positioning mechanism

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention falls within the scope of the construction of sliding mechanisms, specifically sliding mechanisms using magnetism.

DISPLAY OF THE PROBLEM SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

A technical problem solved by the invention is the construction of a mechanical device (sliding mechanism) which, when installed, allows the movement of the sliding elements so that the coefficients of friction are reduced and that the sliding elements are stopped in predefined positions. The result of the installation of such a mechanical device must be the sliding of the elements with a guaranteed low coefficient of friction and the controlled stopping of the elements in predefined positions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNICAL STATUS

Many patents have emerged in the field of sliding mechanisms over time, covering both sliding mechanisms for door and window systems. All of these mechanisms are based on the magnetic repulsive forces used in the lower or upper part of windows or doors. Optionally, these mechanisms can be combined with electric motors that allow the systems of the elements to be moved in a longitudinal direction. Patents mainly deal with floating windows or doors based on magnetic reflective forces, but additional mechanical guides (wheels or rollers) are used to further stabilize and support the weight and direct the movement in the desired direction.

[01] U.S. Pat. Patent no. No. 4,698,876, where the Sheath represents a magnetic sliding door, partially supported by a magnetic mechanism in combination with mechanical guides (castors, rollers) that relieve the load on them. The door is moved by a special mechanism. The attractive force between the magnet and the fixed guide is the force that supports the weight of the door. However, the system does not use both the repulsive forces in the upper part and the attractive ones in the lower part and the magnets with reversed polarity to stop the hovering element in precisely predetermined positions.

[02] Patent no. EP897449, where Schuster et al describes an electromagnetic actuator for magnetic floating load. The permanent magnet is between two soft coils that are in the coils. The soft magnet is not completely saturated, which means that it feels attracted to both soft magnetic poles, and the same distance between the permanent magnet and the soft magnets is ensured through the use of mechanical guides. In this system, however, they do not use both the repulsive forces in the upper part and the attractive ones in the lower part and magnets with reversed polarity to stop the hovering element in precisely fixed positions.

[03] Patent no. JP 6341267 Yoshinori presents a magnetic sliding door where levitation is provided in the upper by applying a magnetic reflecting force between the electromagnets. In order to stabilize the movement of the door in the transverse direction, additional electromagnets are installed in the upper door frame to stabilize the movement of the door in the transverse direction. Levitation and stabilization of motion are ensured by the use of electromagnets for the supply of which an external voltage source is required. Compared to the latter, our design is more favorable in terms of space, cost and performance, since it is only through the use of permanent magnets that it offers an easy solution of levitation and stabilization of movement in the transverse direction.

Previous patents did not address a solution that would use a combination of repulsive and attractive force between permanent magnets of identical and opposite polarities, which would simultaneously provide hovering as well as directional longitudinal motion with reduced oscillation transversely to the sliding direction of the sliding element. Moving or The sliding of elements in the present patents is mostly triggered by the use of electric motors, whose designs are different and at the same time allow both longitudinal movement as well as the floating of the sliding element, while in the stabilized position or in the stabilization of the door. mechanical guides or electromagnets used to position the slide element.

[04] A simpler version of a magnetic sliding door, where the initial motion is caused by a shock, is found in patent no. [W02009023083j presented by Singiser. In the said patent, it represents a door in a frame suspended on the basis of magnetic reflecting forces. All the weight of the door is supported in the lower part of the door, where magnets of the same polarity are mounted on one rail. • * Mechanical slats with low friction Teflon plugs are installed to stabilize the movement transversely to the slide direction.

However, the mechanism mentioned above does not utilize both the repulsive forces in the upper part and the attractive ones in the lower part and the magnets with reversed polarity to stop the door in precisely fixed positions. The proposed solution according to the invention offers a more advanced version. According to the invention, the weight of the entire sliding element is supported by a magnetic reflecting force in the upper part, where the magnets are arranged on two rails, which enables the sliding elements to be maintained in higher masses than in the single embodiment mentioned in the present patent. The initial movement of the sliding element is triggered by the initial gust. Because magnetic floating provides low-speed motion, according to the invention, the solution for stopping a sliding element in predetermined positions is defined by magnets in the upper part of the reverse polarity mechanism, which is not contained in the said patent.

[05] Zhongyung in patent [CN 101435301], where the total mass of the door or the door, is represented by a similar embodiment of the door as Singiser. windows supported at the bottom using magnets of the same polarity arranged on a single rail. In order to stabilize the transverse movement of the door, magnets with opposite polarity are placed in the upper part of the door. The proposed solution offers a mechanical version of the hinged door, but the mass is limited by the size of the repulsive force, which depends on the magnetic properties of the permanent magnets, due to the use of only one lower rail. In the proposed solution of the invention, the total mass of the sliding element is supported by a repulsive force between magnets arranged on two parallel rails, thereby enabling the sliding elements of higher masses to be floated than in said one-lane mechanism. Further, our proposed solution also includes a controlled stop of the sliding element in predefined positions, which is not contained in this patent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, the technical problem is solved by a sliding mechanism - a passive magnetic guide with a stop and positioning mechanism that allows the sliding element to be moved when installed so that the coefficients of friction are reduced and that

possible stop control of the sliding element in the defined positions. The invention is described in detail and explained on the basis of embodiments and figures showing:

Figure 1: Schematic representation of a sliding mechanism with an inserted sliding element in a frame with magnets for levitation and stabilization

Figure 2: Drawing of the arrangement of steel magnetic rails with magnets along the sliding element and frame with the indicated polarization direction of the latter

Figure 3: Diagram of the distance between element and frame rails as a function of the mass of the sliding element

Passive magnetic guide with stop and positioning mechanism (sliding mechanism) Fig. 1 consists of a stationary frame 1 and a sliding element 2 into which three pairs of steel magnetic rails with magnets are mounted, namely two pairs of upper magnetic rails 3a and 3b and 4a and 4b, and one pair of lower magnetic strips 5a and 5b. Each pair comprises one frame rail 3a, 4a and 5a with magnets and one element rail 3b, 4b and 5b with magnets. Because the rails are magnetic, the magnets are attached to them by magnetic force, avoiding mechanical attachment with special guides or adhesives. In this case, the sliding element 2 in the upper part is in the form of a letter t, with the individual upper element rails 3b, 4b attached to the I and d sides of the transverse slider element, and the upper frame rails 3a, 3b each attached to each side of the upper part of frame 1, which takes the form of a letter u. The upper pairs of magnetic strips 3a and 3b and 4a and 4b with magnets are parallel to each other and serve to float the sliding element 2 at a defined height. The height at which the sliding element 2 is suspended depends on the properties of the permanent magnets attached to the magnetic rails, the number of magnets on the rail and on the mass of the sliding element 2. Different positions of the upper element and frame rails are also possible. a two-way design of the sliding mechanism in the upper part, which allows the use of larger masses of the sliding element 2. The lower pair of magnetic rails 5a and 5b with magnets is intended for positioning the sliding element 2 or. its stabilization, as it prevents the sliding element 2 from swinging transversely to the sliding direction thereof.

Between the upper pairs of the elemental rails 3b, 4b and the frame rails 3a, 4a there are repulsive forces. The higher reflecting force [F] is provided by the opposite polarization of the magnets oriented vertically. On the lower pair of the elemental bar 5b and the frame bar 5a, however, the magnetic polarization is oriented vertically in the same direction, which means that an attractive force acts between them.

The generated force between poles of equal polarity is repulsive, and between poles of opposite polarities is attractive, and is calculated by the following equation:

F = B ² A / (2po)

F-force in Newton [Ν]

A- Magnetic pole surface [m ² ] μ ₀ - Empty space permeability [4π 10 ' ⁷ N / A ² ]

B- Magnetic induction [Τ]

Therefore, the force generated per surface unit at 67.3 N / cm ² at B = 1.3T is the magnetic induction of the magnets used.

On the frame rails, the magnets are positioned so that the largest surface of the magnets (40x20 mm) is in contact with the rail. It is important that the poles of all magnets on the upper pairs of magnetic rails in the part intended to slide the sliding element 2 from one extreme position to the other extreme position are oriented in the same direction, thus providing a maximum repulsive force acting between the upper pairs. element 3b, 4b and frame rails 3a, 4a.

To ensure that the sliding element 2 is stopped in predefined positions, the magnets are positioned at precisely defined positions (3a1, 4a1), (3a2, 4a2), (3a3, 4a3) (3a4,4a4), (3a5, 4a5) and (3a6, 4a6) reverses the polarity at both upper frame rails 3a and 4a (Figure 2). Thus, in the extreme open and closed position of the sliding element 2, an attractive force occurs between the magnets with reversed polarity on the upper frame rails 3a, 4a and the magnets of the upper element rails 3b, 4b, which causes the sliding element to stop in predetermined positions and thus restrict the travel only -the one. In the example presented in Figure 2, it is a three-step stop of the sliding element, either on the right or on the left, which means that the magnets are in the described positions (3a1, 4a1), (3a2, 4a2), ( 3a3, 4a3) (3a4, 4a4), (3a5, 4a5), and (3a6, 4a6) inverted polarity.

In order to ensure a multi-stage stop of the sliding element, the condition requires reversed polarization of the magnets on the upper frame rails 3a and 4a in positions (3a1, 4a1), (3a2, 4a2), (3a3, 4a3) (3a4,4a4), (3a5, 4a5) and (3a6, 4a6) with respect to the upper element rails 3b and 4b. In the lower pair of rails 5a and 5b, no change in the polarization direction of the magnets is required to stop the sliding element 2 in predetermined positions.

An essential novelty of the invention is that hovering, sliding and stopping at precisely defined locations of the sliding element 2 is made possible by a combination of repulsive and attractive forces between the magnets attached to the upper pairs of the magnetic rails 3a, 3b and 4a, 4b (two-lane version) and the stabilization of the sliding element 2 is made possible by the attractive forces between the magnets attached to the pair of lower magnetic strips 5a and 5b.

The two-lane design also allows for levitation of higher-mass sliding elements. If both upper element rails 3b, 4b are occupied at their maximum (fully covered with magnets), smooth sliding of the sliding element and levitation of sliding elements of larger masses are also ensured. On the lower element rail 5b, two magnets 5b1 and 5b2, whose orientation of the poles coincides with those on the lower frame rail 5a, are sufficient to sufficiently limit the oscillation transversely to the slide direction.

Due to the spontaneous demagnetization between magnets, it is necessary to use magnets with high energy products between 20 and 50 MGOe. The energy product of the magnets used in our case (for all rails we used Nd-Fe-B magnets, dimensions 40x20x5 mm) is 42 MGOe, which is enough to prevent their spontaneous demagnetization. The temperature range in which energy products are still sufficiently high reaches 80 ° C, which extends the application value to such a sliding mechanism.

Other magnets can be used, it is important that their energy product is high enough.

The solutions known so far have included:

- use of repulsive force in the lower part of the door and stabilize the movement of the sliding element by using mechanical guides.

- the use of repulsive force between the magnets in the upper part and the stabilization of transverse motion in the upper part by the use of electromagnets.

- the use of a repulsive force in the upper part of the sliding element in conjunction with electric motors for the transversal sliding of the element. In part, the elements are still supported by mechanical wheels or rollers.

The developed sliding mechanism of this invention has the following essential advantages resulting from the selection and placement of magnets:

- the sliding element is suspended solely due to the magnetic repulsive forces of the permanent magnets without the use of mechanical guides, e.g. wheels or rollers;

- the implementation is based on the use of commercially available permanent magnets and does not require external power compared to electromagnets, which is a cost-effective and space-efficient solution;

- the stabilization of the movement of the sliding element in the transverse direction to the sliding direction is made possible by the use of magnetic attractive forces in the lower part of the mechanism.

An essential novelty of the invention is also the construction of a mechanism that allows the sliding element to be stopped in precisely defined positions (eg: fully closed door and fully open door).

The solutions known so far have involved the use of electric motors in various designs, which require complex construction and an external power source, which in turn increases the price and causes an increase in costs.

The development of a sliding mechanism according to the present invention, which enables the movement of a sliding element with reduced coefficient of friction and stopping in predetermined positions, has the following essential advantages due to the placement of magnets:

- floating of the sliding element due to purely magnetic force;

- stabilization of the movement of the sliding element in the transverse direction to the sliding direction due to the use of a magnetic attraction force in the lower part of the mechanism.

- almost inaudible sliding of the sliding element due to low-speed sliding;

- controlled stopping of the sliding element in predefined positions.

Example 1:

For smooth sliding of the floating sliding element above the magnetic rails, it is necessary to ensure maximum occupancy of the frame rails with magnets, without any empty spaces. In case of maximum occupancy with magnets (magnets are placed side by side, which means 22 magnets on one rail of 1m length) of both rails (elemental and frame), during which the repulsive force acts, the load capacity of such mechanism is up to 20 kg, which was achieved by additional load on the sliding element.

Example 2:

In another embodiment, where the occupancy of frame rails with magnets was 100% and elemental rails 50%, the load capacity of the mechanism was 20 kg.

The difference is that the distance between the element and frame rails is about half shorter in the second case, as illustrated by the graph in Figure 3, which shows the relationship between the mass of the sliding element and the distance between the element 3b, 4b, 5b and the frame track 3a, 4a and 5a .

Claims (4)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A passive magnetic guide with a stopping and positioning mechanism consisting of a stationary frame (1) and a sliding element (2), characterized in that three pairs of magnetic steel are embedded in the stationary frame (1) and the sliding element (2) rails with magnets, namely two pairs of upper magnetic rails (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b), and one pair of lower magnetic rails (5a, 5b), each pair comprising one frame rail (3a), (4a ) and (5a) with magnets and one elemental rail (3b), (4b) and (5b) with magnets each, and the upper pairs of magnetic rails (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b) are parallel to each other, with the poles the magnets on the upper pairs of magnetic rails (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b) in a part intended to slide the sliding element from one extreme position to another extreme position, oriented in the same direction and being the poles of the selected magnets (3a1, 4a1), (3a2, 4a2), (3a3, 4a3) (3a4, 4a4), (3a5, 4a5) and (3a6, 4a6) on the upper frame rails (3a, 4a) in a portion intended to stop the sliding ele mint (2) oriented in the opposite direction with respect to the magnets of the upper element rail (3b and 4b). Passive magnetic guide according to claim 1, characterized in that the total mass of the sliding element (2) is supported by a repulsive force between the magnets on the upper pairs of magnetic rails (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b). Passive magnetic guide according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the two pairs of upper magnetic rails (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b) represent a two-way construction in the upper part of the sliding mechanism, which allows the sliding elements (2) to be floated. Passive magnetic guide according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet poles on the lower pair of magnetic rails (5a, 5b) are facing in the opposite direction and the stabilization of the sliding element (2) is supported by an attractive force between the magnets.