SI23964A - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device for high quality external chest compression - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, due to its design of the lower surface of the device, and because of the built-in KPO feedback device, enables the rescuer to perform high-quality chest compressions with a more natural and simpler hand position and with less chance of causing injury to the patient. The holders allow the rescuer to perform compression of the chest with less energy and less pain, but does not come into direct contact with the patient, which makes it possible to continue chest compression even when filling the defibrillator and giving shock. The compressions are performed with the lower surface of the compression box, which can adapt its shape according to anatomy of the patient's chest and includes electrodes for the continuous recording of the electrocardiogram of the affected person.

Description

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device for high quality external chest compressions

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (KPO) assisting device. In particular, the invention relates to the use of a device that facilitates the administration of high-quality external chest compressions during KPO.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sudden cardiac arrest (NHS) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The NHS in Europe, which brings together 46 countries and has a population of 730 million, is estimated to occur between 0.4 times and 1.0 times per 1000 population per year, which is said to affect between 350,000 and 700,000 people a year. . The main cause of the NHS is cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, although it can also be caused by electric shock, illicit drug use or trauma. Consequently, sudden cardiac death (NSS) can often be prevented by performing a series of sequential actions called the survival chain with as little delay as possible. One of the most important actions in the survival chain is early KPO, which prevents damage to vital organs such as the brain and heart and consists of two actions: external chest compressions and artificial respiration. External chest compressions are performed when the affected person lies on his or her back on a hard surface so that the rescuer rhythmically presses the affected person's spine (lat. Sternum) toward the spine. This action is also known as a heart massage because it allows blood to flow from the heart and throughout the body. It was first introduced in the late 1950s, and the technique of performing heart massage has remained virtually unchanged to this day. A rescuer who performs KPO without any additional equipment performs a heart massage with his hands. The edge of his hand is placed in the middle of the chest of the affected person, and the edge of the palm of the other hand is on top of the first. With the elbows straightened, the rescuer leans forward with his shoulders forward so that persons are directly affected by the chest. In this way, the solver forms a virtual triangle, so that his arms and body represent his sides, and his shoulders and crossed arms represent the corners of the triangle. The chest compressions are then performed by applying force through the lifeguard's hands to the affected person's chest.

It is essential for the most successful implementation of the KPO that it is implemented in accordance with international KPO guidelines, based on current scientific knowledge. So far, the international guidelines for KPO have been updated every five years. The latest 2010 guidelines recommend speed

-2compressions of at least 100 but not more than 120 per minute, and the sternum in the adult affected should be pressed 5 to 6 cm (about one-third of the depth of the chest in children). It turns out that with such a high-quality KPO, the chances of surviving the NHS can be doubled or even tripled.

However, when performing external chest compressions as previously described, there are many problems that reduce its effectiveness. It's important to say that performing chest compressions is a moderately difficult task in itself, which becomes even more tedious for the rescuer because of the unnatural position of the hands that cause pain in the hands, wrists and fingers. When a lifeguard gets tired, and studies have shown that this can happen in the first two minutes of CPO, the quality of chest compressions declines and the lifeguard is forced to take breaks for rest, which has a very negative effect on the survivor's and good neurological recovery. In addition, while performing a heart massage without additional devices, the ambulance has no insight into his or her actions and cannot be sure whether he or she is performing CPR in accordance with international guidelines. Research has shown that KPO knowledge and skills are declining rapidly through KPO courses and exercises. Rescuers, even the most experienced professionals, are not able to fully comply with the KPO guidelines within weeks of training on modern KPO dolls. Without feedback on the depth of compression, rescuers sometimes like to press the sternum too hard, which can lead to injuries to the affected person, such as a sternum injury and fractures of the ribs. Damage can also be due to the improper position of the lifeguard's hands and the fact that all force transmitted to the patient's chest is exerted over the small surface of the lifeguard's hands. Recent resuscitation research has shown that performing large-area chest compressions results in higher vascular pressures in the patient's veins. This is mainly due to higher pressure in the coronary arteries, which is associated with greater survival and better neurological recovery of the affected person. Cardiac massage may also be irregular due to the leaning of the ambulance, resulting in incomplete relaxation of the chest between the two compresses. This is often seen in rescuers with poor technique or those who are tired. The leaning on the chest reduces the amount of blood returning to the patient's heart during the release phase, so there is less blood available to be distributed to the vital organs during subsequent compression.

In addition to basic life support, which includes heart massage and artificial respiration, KPO also includes the use of a defibrillator, a device that interrupts an irregular heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF) through electric shock. After analyzing the rhythm and finding that defibrillation is necessary, the defibrillator is charged and an electric shock is released through the patient's heart via the shoulder blades or pads placed on the patient's bare chest. While the defibrillator is being charged and especially during the course of shock, rescuers should not touch the patient because of the risk of electrocution. Even when

-3defibrillators are used by a team of well-trained professional lifeguards, and it takes a pause to perform chest compressions to fill the defibrillator and perform shock for at least 30 seconds. During this time, the patient's bloodstream stops due to failure to perform chest compressions.

Some of the problems mentioned above when performing KPO are relatively well solved by mechanical chest compressors. The known devices of this type are, however, too large and too heavy, which limits their use to specialized medical institutions. A further barrier to their widespread use is their high prices. However, such devices still do not solve all of the KPO problems described above. In order to determine whether defibrillation is necessary, it is crucial to continuously record the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient's heart during the KPO. The ECG is recorded using electrodes or pads that are placed on the patient's bare skin. Whether compression is performed by a rescuer or a mechanical device, however, during ECG compression, the ECG shows no actual recording of the electrical activity of the heart but the artifacts produced by the movement of the chest. In order for the automatic external defibrillator or ambulance to analyze the heart rhythm, which is performed during a KPO every two minutes, chest compressions must be interrupted, resulting in complete stoppage of blood flow to the patient's vital organs. After each break, many quality chest compressions are required to restore blood flow to levels reached before the break.

The use of various resuscitation devices is known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,481 describes a KPO help device consisting of a pillar, a pair of holders and a suction cup. The goal of this device is to facilitate chest compressions and to allow the chest to actively expand as the cup withdraws from the breast. This invention does not include a KPO quality detection system (depth, velocity and compression force), nor can such systems be added to it. It also does not include electrodes for continuous ECG recording. When using this device, the position of the ambulance arm is similar to that of cycling. This leads to faster fatigue and poor control over the position of the device on the patient's chest. In addition, this device is large and as such unsuitable for field work. However, while performing artificial respiration, this device also cannot stand alone on the patient's chest. The apparatus described in EP 0 623 334 Al uses a similar design as described above. It also has a suction pump that attaches to the patient's breast and a holder. Its holder is shaped like a plate, which the ambulance receives on opposite sides. The rescuer's hands are facing each other, but they are very close together so that the rescuer still forms a virtual triangle with his hands and body. In the middle of the plate of the invention is a pressure measuring device that helps limit the excessive force exerted on the patient. Pressure information, however, is of limited value and does not give

-4 Precision depth and compression rate information. In addition, it does not have ECG recording electrodes. Some other KPO devices include these, which are described in: U.S. Pat. pat. no. 5,634,886; U.S. pat. application no. 2009/0234255 Al; U.S. pat. no. 4,019,501; U.S. pat. no. No. 5,738,637 and U.S. Pat. pat. no. No. 4,664,098.

The primary technical problem solved by the present invention is how to perform high-quality CPR while performing external chest compressions with a suitable surface to exert force on the patient's sternum, using a natural and ergonomic arm position, which makes the rescuer perform better CPR less tired and less pain.

Another technical problem solved by the present invention is how to reduce the risk of injury to a patient, such as a sternum fracture and ribs or tearing of the internal organs, while achieving higher vascular perfusion pressures in the coronary arteries of the patient's heart.

A third technical problem solved by the present invention is how to continuously perform chest compressions while defibrillator filling and shock delivery without the rescuer being in danger of electrocution, and how to continuously perform chest compressions during heart rate analysis with continuous ECG recording. yes no chest compressions artifacts.

A fourth technical problem solved by the present invention is how to make the KPO devices available, including devices with accelerometer or other motion tracking systems, electrocardiographs or automatic external defibrillators, permanently or easily accessible, easier or safer temporarily incorporated in the invention. With such devices, the invention provides continuous insight into the accuracy of external chest compressions using feedback on the depth and velocity of compression as well as the detection of incomplete chest release.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The main purpose of the present invention is to improve the rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (KPO). This invention primarily enables the rescuer to become more tired while performing chest compressions by holding his or her hands in a natural position. The rescuer holds a device for holding 2 rescuers so that his / her hands can be turned against his / her body away from his / her body. his body or against each other (Figure 2). While performing chest compressions, the rescuer can change the position of his or her hands without having to interrupt the chest compressions. Due to the size of the device and the distance between the two holders 2, the solver forms a virtual rectangle s

-5 with their own hands and body and not the virtual triangle as when performing chest compressions with their bare hands (Figure 1). Performing high-quality chest compressions in this way requires less energy, so the rescuer gets tired more slowly. The ergonomic shape of the retainers 2 makes it easier to perform chest compressions as it reduces pain in the fingers, palms and wrists. Because of these benefits, the rescuer can perform high-quality chest compressions for a long time, which is extremely important, as KPO is sometimes successful after just over 60 minutes.

When using the present invention, the rescuer does not come in direct contact with the affected person, but presses his or her breast with a non-electrical device. Because of this, the rescuer can continue to compress the chest while filling the defibrillator and delivering shock, as it is protected against electrocution. The lower face 6 of the device, which is mounted on the patient's chest, can be made in various shapes and sizes. In the case of the device being used on an adult, the surface of the lower surface 6 is at least as large as the average human palm, and preferably larger, to reduce the risk of injury to the patient and increase vascular pressure in the heart.

The incorporation of an electrocardiograph and electrodes 7 of the ECG into the lower surface 6 of the device allows continuous recording of the electrical activity of the patient's heart without recording the artifacts produced by chest compressions. The rescuer does not need to interrupt chest compressions to analyze the patient's heart rhythm and the need for defibrillation. The very location and size of the electrodes 7, as well as the right way to perform chest compressions with the device, can eliminate the need to filter the recorded ECG, as it already shows high quality recording of the patient's heart rhythm. The apparatus includes a convenient compartment 8 for storing self-adhesive defibrillator pads, protective gloves, face shield for artificial respiration, face mask for artificial respiration, and other minor equipment commonly used during KPO.

The device according to the invention allows temporary or permanent installation of other devices in it. Therefore, it can be used as a carrier for electronic devices that include an accelerometer, tilt meter, laser, infrared sensors, electromagnetic transmitter and receiver, or other motion tracking system while performing chest compressions, artificial respiration, or spontaneous patient breathing. An electronic device with an accelerometer or other aforementioned motion tracking system, such as a cellphone, clock, remote control or a standalone KPO device, can track movement while performing chest compressions and provide feedback on the correctness of the task performed. By using an accelerometer or other systems, such devices can determine the speed and depth of compression. With the addition of a pressure gauge, the force exerted on patients can also be measured

-6 chest, giving feedback on the completeness of chest release between two consecutive compressions. All information collected by KPO devices can be continuous and forwarded to the solver in real time with visible, audible and type feedback. The screen of electronic devices can show visual information about the rescuer's actions as well as reference values. Audible information and audio commands can be used to give further instructions and alarms to the rescuer. Such feedback enables the rescuer to tailor their actions in accordance with the international CPD guidelines, which is very important to follow as they are based on the latest scientific knowledge that provides the best survival and good recovery options. An additional advantage of using such devices in combination with the present invention is the reduced risk of injury to the patient. When performing chest compressions without feedback on KPO, rescuers sometimes like to put too much pressure on the chest, often leading to injury to the patient, including fracture of the sternum and ribs or rupture of the internal organs. The use of the present invention in itself reduces such a risk because the force exerted on the chest is distributed over a much larger surface area of the device. The lower face 6 of the device is designed without sharp edges and can be further covered with a layer of soft material that can adjust its shape to the individual patient's chest. Adding a KPO feedback device to the invention further reduces the risk of exerting excessive force and thus damaging the patient.

As a carrier for other electronic devices, the present invention has many advantages for their use. In the case of a modern smartphone that has a built-in motion tracking system, the present invention makes it simpler and easier to use. When using the invention, the rescuer does not have to hold the smartphone in his hands and perform the task of performing chest compressions more difficult and fatiguing. As the smartphone is housed within the invention, the ambulance can clearly see its screen and hear the sounds it emits, louder as the invention amplifies its volume by using specially designed slots 4 that direct the sound towards the ambulance's ears. The present invention also provides better protection of the devices housed therein from impacts, body fluids and other forces or elements by being firmly attached within the rigid housing of the invention.

The invention will be further described by way of example examples from the figures:

Figure 1: Demonstration of the use of a preferred cardiopulmonary resuscitation device.

Figure 2: Demonstration of possible different positions of the rescuer's hands while using a preferred cardiopulmonary resuscitation device.

-7Figure 3: Perspective view of the preferred cardiopulmonary resuscitation device from above.

Figure 4: Perspective view of the preferred cardiopulmonary resuscitation device from below.

Example 1

Figure 3 shows the KPO device in perspective view from above, showing its upper part and side faces. The case 1 of the device is clearly visible, as are the grips that the rescuer holds with his hands while performing chest compressions. Ergonomically shaped grips 2 allow chest compressions to be made less physically demanding for the rescuer. The grips 2 taper towards the front with a slightly convex upper surface, a concave lower surface and rounded edges, allowing them to be gripped by the lifesaver in a natural and comfortable way. Two grips 2 are positioned 10 to 20 inches apart, allowing the rescuer's shoulders and arms to align, further reducing his fatigue while performing chest compressions. The ergonomic shape of the grips 2 is further enhanced by the outer layer of soft and foamy material, which reduces the effort and pain in the rescue hands due to the pressure during the KPO.

Figure 1 shows the use of a device in which an ambulance kneels beside the affected person. The ambulance holding the device forms a virtual rectangle with its arms and body. Her arms are fully extended and her shoulders are aligned with her arms while she exerts force through her palms.

Figure 2 shows the different ways in which an ambulance can hold 2 devices to exert a force on the chest of an affected person. The grips 2 allow the lifesaver to rotate so that his or her palms can face his or her body or each other, while the fingers can hold the grips 2 or are freely extended while performing chest compressions. The rescuer can alternate different positions of his or her hands while performing chest compressions without having to interrupt.

The presented KPO device is designed to include a cradle 3 for the temporary or permanent installation of electronic devices comprising an accelerometer or other motion tracking system, electrocardiograph or defibrillator. Built-in electronic devices are attached and secured inside cradle 3, which may also have an additional cover that provides additional protection against forces, shocks, fluids and elements. The introduced KPO device can also be designed to include interchangeable adapters for various electronic devices, including smartphones. Cradle 3 is provided with specially designed grooves 4, which play a dual role, namely directing audio signals from an electronic device

-8 Against an ambulance and make it easier to remove a temporarily built-in electronic device, such as a smartphone, from the cradle 3. Due to the shape of the slots 4, the volume of voice KPO information and routing signals from the speakers of the electronic device is increased. These beeps direct the rescuer to correct their actions, such as pushing faster, slower, deeper or shallower. The audio signals also include a metronome that plays at a speed of ΙΟΟ times up to 120 times per minute and gives the rescuer the correct rhythm to perform chest compressions.

Figure 4 shows the KPO device in perspective perspective from below with a compression box 5 and its lower surface 6, which is mounted on the patient's chest while performing chest compressions. The size of the lower face 6 is slightly larger than the average human arm and is based on the average breast size of the female body. The edges of the compression box 5 are rounded to prevent possible injury to the patient. The entire outer layer of the compression box 5 can be further reinforced to make it even less traumatic for the patient, which is achieved by an ergonomic design and the use of pressure sensitive materials that can quickly adapt to the shape of the body being pressed.

The anatomy of the chest varies greatly between patients, from raised to recessed breasts. Adjusting the outer layer of compression box 5 to each individual patient would improve the quality of chest compressions and also reduce the risk of injury. The size and shape of the lower surface 6 may be different in different embodiments depending on the different patient sizes (adults and children) as well as future scientific findings regarding best practice in performing chest compressions. According to one embodiment, the ECG electrodes 7 are embedded in the lower surface to allow continuous recording of the patient's ECG. This allows chest compressions to be continuously performed without the need for interruption due to rhythm analysis.

In a further embodiment, the compression box 5 includes a special compartment 8 for storing self-adhesive defibrillator pads, protective gloves, face shield for artificial respiration, face mask for artificial respiration, and other minor equipment used during the KPO.

The abovementioned embodiments may be combined in any combination according to the desired degree of complexity of the device and are not mutually exclusive.

The device is made of materials that are lightweight yet resilient and strong enough to withstand the forces that develop while performing chest compressions (5-50 pounds). In addition, the device must be easy to clean and resistant to shock, body fluids and natural elements.

Claims (10)

REQUIREMENTS 1. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device, comprising: - a housing (1) comprising two grips (2) and optionally a cradle (3) for electronic devices; - compression box (5). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) and the compression box (5) are interconnected so that the downward force exerted by the rescuer on the holder (2) is transmitted through the lower surface (6) devices on the patient's chest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the grips (2) are at least 10 cm apart to allow the rescuer's shoulders and arms to be in the same plane and grips (2) that the ambulance can handle in a natural and comfortable way, preferably because they narrow towards the front, with a slightly convex upper surface, a concave lower surface and rounded edges. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cradle (3) for electronic devices can comprise interchangeably or simultaneously one or more devices having an accelerometer, tilt meter, laser, infrared sensors, electromagnetic transmitter and receiver or other motion tracking system while performing chest compressions, artificial respiration or spontaneous breathing of the patient and are temporarily or permanently installed in the device. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the cradle (3) for electronic devices can comprise devices that deliver an electrical shock to the patient's heart and are temporarily or permanently installed in the device. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the cradle (3) for electronic devices may comprise a mobile phone with a screen fully visible when inserted into the device and two grooves (4) for routing sound against the ambulance ears and to facilitate removal of the mobile phone after use. -107. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that in the cradle (3) electronic devices can be stored measuring the forces exerted through the compression box (5) and its lower surface (6) on the patient the chest while performing chest compressions. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the compression box (5) has the shape of a rectangular box with rounded edges and is made of a material that adjusts the shape of its lower surface (6) to the size of the breast of the average female body in consistent with the anatomy of the patient’s chest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the compression box (5) is at least 3 centimeters high, so that the ambulance does not come into direct contact with the patient while exerting downward force on the retainers (2). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the compression box (5) has ECG electrodes (7) in its lower surface (6) which come into contact with the patient's skin while performing chest compressions. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the compression box (5) includes a drawer (8) for storing self-adhesive defibrillator pads, protective gloves, face shield for artificial respiration, face mask for artificial respiration and other small equipment, used during KPO.