SI23841A - Construction element for wooden wall and ceiling construction and method of manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The building element for wooden wall and ceiling constructions and the manufacturing method solve the problem of an easily feasible building element based on a wooden cross-laminated solid board (18), consisting of layers of outer slats (2) and (4) and any number of intermediate layers of internal lamellas (3, 4, 5), with vertical ribs (1) or (1, 1 ') spaced between the outer lamellas (2), in any order. An insulating filler (19) can be inserted in the compartments between the ribs (1) or (1.1 '), and the cover plate (20) can be closed all together. The vertical ribs (1) and / or (1 ') are curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis for any distance (X) for prestressed versions of the building elements. The rear layer of outer slats (2) with intermediate vertical ribs (1) and (1 ') is glued to the previous layer of inner slats (3) and placed preferably simultaneously and completely and in a given sequence and assembly also pressed in the press, together with other layers of slats (3, 4, 5) cross-glued solid boards (18).

Description

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR WOODEN WALL AND CEILING STRUCTURES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING

The subject of the invention

The object of the invention is a construction element for wooden wall and ceiling structures and a method of manufacture, or more specifically a wooden cross-glued solid board with transversely inserted, conventional or prestressed ribs and a method of its manufacture. The building elements of the invention are useful for the construction of wooden walls and / or ceilings in new buildings, as well as for the rehabilitation of existing buildings, including earthquake hardening.

According to the international patent classification, the invention is classified in E04C 2/38, E04C 2/34 and additionally in E04C 2/296.

A technical problem

The technical problem solved by the invention is how to design such an insulated building element of wooden wall and ceiling structures, which can be completely made within a single continuous phase of the technological process and preferably from the same type of wooden boards, which will be based on cross-glued solid board and, which with ordinary or pre-stressed or curved slats inserted, will be useful for the prefabricated construction of wooden ceiling floors, and with the inserted prefabricated or straight ribs, for the prefabricated construction of wooden walls, whereby, when installed, a cross-glued solid panel may be located on the outside or inside. walls and ceilings, and the pre-fabrication and assembly process of the building element will be easy, fast and affordable.

The prior art

According to EP 2 360 327, a building element for wall and ceiling systems is presented. In the solid wooden panel, reinforcing wooden ribs are attached to one side, or with one longer edge, which are inserted at the opposite edge into the groove of the supporting lath and an insulating filler is inserted between them. The ribs of the ribs can be made continuously or intermittently, with the reinforcements at the ends of the ribs always being continuous. The grooves in the solid wood panel are profiled and the same width as the wooden ribs, the edges of which are also profiled. The transverse profile of the grooves is opposite to the transverse profile of the edges of the mirror embodiment, with one and the other being preferably milled. The solid plate and reinforcement ribs are made separately and independently of one another, followed by the joining of the ribs to the plate. The joint between the solid wood panel and the wooden reinforcement ribs is made through the previously mentioned milled profiled grooves and edges. The shape of the profiled grooves and edges shall be such as to allow the reinforcement ribs to be joined to the solid plate in such a way as to prevent their being pulled out. The document does not detect whether the ribs in the grooves are also glued. The latter may be a disadvantage of this joint, which results in sliding contact between the plate and the ribs, thereby preventing full interaction with each other. The disadvantage of this solution is that it provides for the use of uniquely glued wooden solid boards, which allows the loading of wooden solid panels only in the longitudinal direction, depending on their main orientation. Another disadvantage is that each of the components is made of a different wood product whose characteristics differ from one another. Another disadvantage of this system is its implementation, which takes place in several sequential and continuous technological stages. First, the profiled grooves are cut into solid wood panels and the edges are profiled separately on the reinforcement ribs, as are the grooves in the supporting slats. In the last phase, all these components are joined together in a certain order. The disadvantage of this system is that the design of the reinforcement ribs is such that it does not allow the installation of a building element with a solid slab below and with the ribs above, in case of static and / or fire requirements.

GB 2 450 359 discloses the construction of a multilayer insulation board made as a combination of wooden support layers and insulation layers, such as heat, sound and fire layers. The panels are combined in a relatively arbitrary manner, and the shear connection between the softer insulating layers is made with transverse wooden ribs inserted into the upper and lower panels through the grooved and previously carved grooves. The grooves are of any depth and are of the same shape and width as the longitudinal edges of the wooden ribs inserted and glued. As a rule, load-bearing wooden joints always appear at the two extremities or faces of the multilayer board. The disadvantage of this solution is, in particular, the implementation in several consecutive continuous technological phases, which is especially due to the fact that the individual layers, laths and transverse ribs are made individually, independently of one another and in the last stage of production interconnected in a selected sequence. Its disadvantage is that it does not anticipate or allow the construction of an open structure with visible ribs on one side. This results in the inability to select the type and thickness of the insulation in the field. As the multilayer panel is designed so that its outer layers are always load-bearing, it is not possible to use softer, more structural, non-load-bearing layers in these positions to allow for greater vapor permeability. Because of this, in the case of panels with closed insulation in the core, moisture condensation can occur in the middle of the elements, which, due to insufficient evaporation, leads to wood deterioration. For this reason, this well-known solution is not best suited for exterior walls or roof tiles on buildings.

U.S. Patent No. 4,329,827 discloses a roof element that is a combination of wooden plywood, wooden T profiles and sheet steel, and intermediate insulation. It is intended for roof covering but not for walls and floors of buildings. Its disadvantage is that it requires execution in several consecutive continuous technological phases, since all components are manufactured independently of one another. This is followed by their joining, in which the wooden supports on the upper pressure side are joined with a plywood board, either with glue or in combination of glue and nails. Insulation is inserted in between and a thin sheet of steel is installed on the underside of the element, which does not contribute to the load-bearing capacity of the roof element. Its use is explicitly limited to roof structures in which the steel sheet on the underside offers a non-combustible surface but does not provide the necessary insulation in the event of fire. Practically leads to rapid ignition of internal wooden fins. Its disadvantage is that, due to the slenderness of the structural elements and the absence of the structural role of the steel sheet, it is not suitable for the execution of wall and ceiling elements.

A common feature of all previously known known solutions of wall and ceiling construction elements is that they do not envisage the use of cross-glued solid boards, that they are made of different wood products, that they do not allow the installation or elements with open ribs above, that due to closed insulation the possible occurrence of moisture condensation and thus the degradation of wood and that their production is based on several successive and mutually independent production phases that do not allow for a continuous technological process.

Due to the previously described disadvantages and disadvantages of the known solutions of building elements for wooden wall and ceiling structures on buildings, there is a need for more suitable building elements that can be produced within a single continuous technological phase of the production process and from one type of wood and which will be used as wooden wall construction elements and flooring, including for earthquake rehabilitation of existing buildings.

The solution to a technical problem

The described technical problem is solved with a construction element for wooden wall and ceiling structures with the associated method of manufacture, characterized in that it is designed as a cross-glued wooden solid board with rectangular reinforcing ribs and can be made within a single continuous technological phase production process. Depending on the purpose of use, the reinforcement ribs may also be prestressed. The construction element of the invention is made of one type of wood, without the necessary additional machining of individual parts. The design of the reinforcement ribs is such that, in the case of inter-storey structures, it allows the construction element to be turned in such a way that the underside can be massive and the ribs face up and vice versa. The building element is preferably constructed as an open structure whose cross-glued solid wood panel allows various loads in the longitudinal and transverse directions, depending on its main orientation.

In more detail, the essence of the invention will be explained by the description of embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figs. 1 is a construction element according to the invention of a 5-layer cross-laminated panel with ribs, intermediate thermal and acoustic insulation and an overlay panel, in orthogonal projection;

FIG. Fig. 2 3-layer cross-glued plate in axonometric projection, first embodiment;

FIG. 3 3-layer cross-laminated panel with slightly wider ribs, second embodiment;

FIG. 4 5-sided cross-laminated board, third embodiment;

FIG. 5 5-layer cross-laminated board with two-part ribs, fourth embodiment;

FIG. 6 5-layer cross-laminated board, fifth embodiment;

FIG. 7 5-layer cross-laminated panel, sixth embodiment;

FIG. Fig. 8 A 3-layer cross-glued panel with prestressed ribs in axonometric projection, seventh embodiment; and FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a continuous process of manufacturing a wooden cross-laminated solid ribbed panel

The building element of the invention is preferably at least 3-layer or multilayer construction, the cross-glued solid panel 18 of which consists of wooden outer lamellae 2 and 4 and wooden inner lamellae 3 and 5, with wooden ribs 1 and perpendicular to the outer lamellae 2, spaced apart from each other by the width of the intermediate outer lamellae 2 so as to form a series of intermediate chambers in which an insulating fill 19 may be inserted, and the cover plate 20 may be closed together on the side of the ribs 20. The building element of the invention may also be constructed without covering plate 20 and / or insulating filler 19. As mentioned, the lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 together form a cross-glued solid plate 18, and the number of layers is arbitrary.

The layering of wooden cross-laminated solid boards 18 may be arbitrary, since it is said that the layers of wooden lamellae 2, 4 and 5, which generally extend in the direction of the wooden ribs 1 and the layers of wooden lamellae 3, extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the ribs 1 The total number of layers, taking into account the previously mentioned alternating set of lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5, depends on the desired thickness of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. In this case, the layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4 extending in the direction of the ribs may be considered. 1, duplicate. Below the extreme layers of the outer lamellae 2, on the side of the ribs 1 and the outer lamellae 4 on the opposite side, there may be an inner layer of the lamellae 5, which also extends in the direction of the ribs 1.

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The ribs 1 are preferably of the shape of a longer, slightly thinner square, but they are said to be of arbitrary dimensions as well as of different shapes and that the height of the ribs 1 must be greater than their thickness.

In the case of wooden cross-glued solid panels 18 used for the walls of the building, the raster and cross-sections of the ribs 1 are adapted to the type of insulating fill 19, which can be inserted between the ribs 1 or inserted into the panels.

Also, the number and width of the outer lamellae 2 are laid flat in the first outer layer on the side of the ribs 1.

Ribs 1, all layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4 and internal lamellae 3 and 5, may be of solid wood of the shape of a single lamella of limited length or of cross-laminated wood, unidirectionally glued wood, or LVL.

The ribs 1 may be made of one piece of wood of any thickness, but may consist of several thinner elongated wood elements 1, 1.1 1.n, as shown in FIG. 5.

Lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be of any width and thickness.

For all the embodiments described below, of solid wood cross-laminated panels 18 with ribs 1 according to the invention, the ribs 1 and lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 are said to be made of wood, preferably wood of the same type, but may be in some specific cases made of wood of different kinds.

In the case of the use of cross-laminated solid panels 18 for the floors of the building, as a rule, the ribs 1 extend in its longer direction, that is, along the structure, and for the lower wall elements, the ribs 1 extend transversely or in the direction of the height of the wall. For the walls of the building, the cross-glued solid boards 18 are preferably made with flat ribs 1 which are not prestressed, and for the construction of floors or ceilings the cross-glued solid boards 18 with the prestressed ribs 1, as shown in FIG. 8. In another embodiment not shown, the building elements may be made of a combination of prestressed and prestressed ribs 1 if stresses and loads so require.

The composition of the wooden cross-glued solid board 18 of lamellae 2, 3, 4, 5 and ribs 1 is carried out within a single continuous phase of the technological process, that is, in the continuous manufacturing process, which will be described below.

In FIG. 1 shows a construction element of the invention formed by a 5-layer cross-glued solid panel 18 with vertical wooden ribs 1, an insulating fill 19, and a wooden overlay panel 20. The cross-glued solid panel 18 is constructed from two layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4, between which are two layers of inner lamellae 3 which surround the layer of inner lamellae 5. The ribs 1 are located between adjacent outer lamellae 2 and are preferably of the same height, thickness and length within the same cross-glued solid plate 18. The ribs 1 extend in parallel in the same direction and are spaced apart by the width of one or more outer lamellae 2 so as to form intermediate voids into which later the corresponding insulating filler 19 is inserted. External lamellae 2 and 4 extend in the direction of the ribs 1 and inner lamellae 5 and perpendicularly extending inner lamellae 3 in both layers. The cross-glued solid plate 18 on the side of the ribs 1 can be covered by the overlay plate 20. As stated above, the cross-glued solid plate 18 with the ribs 1 is made in a single continuous process of folding, gluing and pressing. The insulating fill 19 and the cover plate 20 are retrofitted.

From the point of view of the load-bearing capacity of the cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, glued joints are very important. Thus, for the building element of the invention, the layers of lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 are most important for the adhesive bonding of the lamellae layers 2, 3, 4 and 5, generally larger contact surfaces 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17, which must be glued to each other. These are the contact surfaces 7 between the outer blades 2 and the inner blades 3, the surfaces 12 between the ribs 1 in the case of their two or more layers, then the surfaces 13 between the inner blades 3 and 5, and the surfaces 14 between the inner blades 3 and the outer ones blades 4, for surfaces 15 between outer blades 4 and inner blades 5, for surfaces 16 between ribs 1 and inner blades 5 and for surfaces 17 between outer blades 2 and inner blades 5. Main joint surface of ribs 1 with other layers of blades 2, 3 , 4 and 5 are through the narrower contact surface 6, which rests on the previous layer of the inner lamellae 3. The ribs 1 may also be glued to the lateral contact surface 8 during the first layer of the flatly laminated outer lamellae 2, but this contact does not represent the primary shear transfer. stresses in the core of cross-laminated solid boards 18. The narrower contact surfaces 9, 10, 11 and 16 may also be glued, but in the structural sense they are not important, since they are not load-bearing, such as r also applies to the lateral contact surfaces 8 between the outer blades 2 and the ribs 1. This is illustrated in the series of figures from FIG. 2 to incl. 7. The type of adhesive may be of any type and the characteristics of the adhesive must be appropriate for the purpose of using the construction element.

For the embodiment of the 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 of FIG. 2, characterized in that the outer lamellae 2 and the outer lamellae 4 extending in the direction of the ribs 1 are of equal thickness on both sides of the cross-laminated solid sheet 18, which is slightly larger than the thickness of the intermediate internal lamellae 3 extending perpendicularly to the ribs 1. The above applies exclusively to this embodiment and is not the rule for other constructions.

For the embodiment of the 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 of FIG. 3 is characterized in that the thickness of the ribs 1 is much larger than the thickness of the outer lamellae 2 and 4 and the inner lamellae 3, which form a wooden cross-glued solid plate 18.

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In FIG. 4 shows a 5-layer wooden cross-glued solid panel 18 with ribs 1, characterized in the numerical sequence of outer lamellae 2 and intermediate ribs 1, which in the present embodiment is 2: 1. Therefore, the sequence consists of two tabs 2, one rib 1 and again two tabs 2 and is repeated cyclically over the entire width of the cross-laminated solid plate 18, in which the outer lamellae 4 and the inner lamellae 5 extend in the direction of the ribs 1, of different widths . The inner lamellae 3 in the two layers extending perpendicularly to the direction of the ribs 1 may also be of different dimensions. In the present case, the thicknesses are different.

The following embodiment of FIG. 5 shows a 5-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1,1 ', characterized by a numerical sequence of outer lamellae 2 and intermediate ribs 1, which in the present embodiment is 1: 2. The sequence consists of one lamella 2, the recessed ribs 1 and 1 'of the double layer and then again the single lamella 2. The sequence is repeated cyclically over the entire width of the cross-laminated solid plate 18, in which the outer lamellae 4 and 2 and the inner lamellae 5 extend in the direction of composition ribs 1 and Γ, the inner lamellae 3 in both layers extend perpendicularly to said assembly.

In FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a 5-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, characterized in that the orientation or position of the end two layers of the outer lamellae 4, the inner lamellae 5 and the outer lamellae 2, all extending in the direction of the ribs 1 , the same. Only the inner lamellae 3 in the layer between the outer lamellae 2 and the inner lamellae 5 extend perpendicularly to the ribs 1, the lamellae 2 and the lamellae 5 in the respective layers being slightly offset so that the joint surfaces 9 and 11 do not coincide between the individual lamellae 2 and 5. vertically.

The following embodiment of a 5-layer cross-laminated solid panel 18 with ribs 1 is illustrated in FIG. 7. Its characteristic is that the orientation of the joints of the outer lamellae 2 and the inner lamellae 5 on the side of the ribs 1 is the same. Perpendicular to * w · ribs 1, only the inner lamellae 3 in the layer between the outer lamellae 4 and the inner lamellae 5 extend, with the lamellae 4 and the lamellae 5 extending in the direction of the ribs 1 together with the outer lamellae 2 in the respective layers offset so that the contact surfaces 9 and 11 do not coincide vertically between the individual lamellae 4 and 5.

The characteristic of FIG. 8 shows a 3-layer embodiment of the cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 in that the ribs 1 are prestressed embodiments. In this mode, the ribs 1 in neutral form are previously slightly curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis, for the distance X. The height X of the curve per tangent depends on the required characteristics of the individual composition of the cross-glued solid plate 18 and on the expected loads on it and on the dimensions and raster ribs 1. Version with prestressed ribs 1 is generally useful for floor-mounted ceiling elements, since it would not make sense to use wall elements. The ribs 1, if they are single-ply and of thinner wood, are curved before the assembly and pressing process, and their prestressing process is performed within this process.

If the ribs are 1 of glued laminated wood, they bend during the gluing process, but if they are of solid wood, they can be formed by milling. In the case of vertical compression, the previously curved and voltage-neutral ribs 1 are aligned along a longitudinal axis in a completely horizontal shape, in which the height of the X curve is completely offset. In this case, a compressive stress occurs in the free outer longitudinal edge of the ribs 1. In the final state, when such a building element is installed in an inter-storey ceiling structure, however, a tensile stress occurs in this same longitudinal edge. At the expense of such pre-stressed ribs 1, a more evenly utilized cross-section of this building element is thus obtained in the bending of the inter-storey ceiling structure. It is experiential that the distance X, for example of prestressed ribs 1, can be from a few millimeters to a few centimeters, measured from the tangent of a straight axis. For larger ranges of cross-laminated solid panels 18, it can also be 5 cm or more. In doing so, it is essential to reach the target voltage state in ribs 1, which will be able to

combined with the cross-glued solid plate 18 gave the desired optimum balance of tension. It follows that the ribs 1 have to bend for larger spans X for larger spans and slightly less for shorter spans to achieve approximately the same stress state. The distance X is, in principle, dependent on the static requirement for the individual spans of the ribs 1 in the cross-glued solid plates 18. Its upper value is theoretically limited by the formula X _ma x = (5 x L ² xf _m ) / (24 χ E xh) , which defines the maximum displacement in bending of ribs 1 before failure occurs. In the equation, L is the span of the cross-glued solid board 18, f _{m the} flexural strength of the ribs 1, E the modulus of elasticity of the wood and h the height of the ribs 1. It follows from the mathematical expression shown that the distance X does not depend on the width of the ribs 1. The maximum bending or maximum maximum the X _max distance for ribs 1 10 cm wide and 14 cm high to 20 cm high and for spans 4m to 8m is between 22 and 126 mm and averages 63 mm. The size of the curvature and thus the prestressing of the ribs 1 is also influenced by the thickness of the cross-laminated solid board 18.

For all the previously described embodiments of building elements according to the invention comprising a cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, the lamellae 2, 4 and 5 extend in the direction of the ribs 1 and the lamellae 3 are perpendicular to them and the number of layers of the lamellae 2 can be , 3, 4 and 5 inside the cross-glued solid panel 18, and their location and position may be arbitrary. It is also considered that the ribs 1 extend in the longer direction of the manufactured element format or of the cross-laminated solid slab 18 when they are used for the construction of ceiling floors and that they extend in the shorter direction for the manufacture of wall elements.

The continuous process of manufacturing a construction element according to the invention is characterized by the fact that all necessary work operations are carried out within a single and continuous phase of the technological process or process, without additional preliminary and / or intermediate mechanical treatment of the grooves for the ribs. wooden panels of all types, but not specifically presented.

It must be of such design that it enables the manufacture of cross-glued solid panels 8 with ribs 1, which may take the form of a slightly larger cube or a slightly longer square of any thickness and width. In our case, it is a cross-glued solid 18-shaped square board glued from several layers of wooden lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5, with wooden ribs perpendicularly mounted and glued between the outer lamellae 1. For all embodiments, that the cross-laminated solid board 18 has a layer of outer lamellae 4 and a layer of outer lamellae 2, between which there can be any number of layers of inner lamellae 3 and / or 5 extending perpendicularly and / or parallel to the ribs 1. For laying and interconnecting the individual layers wooden blades can be used with suitable devices such as a blades sorter and adhesive dispenser, which are not shown.

For a clearer description of the method of construction and composition of building elements, the illustration in FIG. 9, which presents a 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 consisting of layers of outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and 4 to 4.n and intermediate layers of inner lamellae 3 to 3.n and ribs 1 to 1.n. In this sense, the procedure is the same for four, five and more layered cross-laminated solid panels with ribs 1 and / or 1.1.

The sorter first lays the first layer of outer wooden lamellae 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 to 4.n on the appropriate movable liner, such as a trolley, whose fibers run in the direction that lateral ribs will flow 1. On their joint surfaces 9, an adhesive may be pre-applied, which is not necessary, but this improves the airtightness between the blades 4 and increases the shear stiffness of the layer under load in the plane of the cross-glued solid sheet 18, for example, when the walls are subjected to earthquake loading.

A layer of adhesive is then applied over the first layer of lamellae 4 to 4.n, and then a second layer of inner lamellae 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 to 3.n is applied thereto, with both layers adhering to the intermediate larger contact surfaces 14. Lamellae 3 to 3.n may extend perpendicularly to or parallel to the blades 4 through 4.n. The bonding of narrow joints 10 between lamellae 3 to 3.n is the same as for the previously mentioned narrow joints 9.

After the adhesive is applied to the second layer, the process of assembling the third, finishing top layer, consisting of the outer lamellae 2, 2.1, 2.2 to 2.n and the intermediate and rectangular ribs 1 and / or 1.1 thereof, is followed. For all embodiments of 3-layer cross-laminated solid panels, the orientation of the lamellae 2 to 2.n is always perpendicular to the lower second layer, regardless of the direction in which the lamellae 3 to 3.n were previously laid. It is also valid that the upper outer outer lamellae 2 to 2.n in each embodiment, and regardless of the number of layers of cross-laminated solid boards 18, are always oriented in the same direction as the extreme lower outer lamellae 4 to 4.n.

The present invention is characterized, in particular, by the process and sequence of assembly and bonding of the topmost layer of outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and intermediate rectangular ribs 1 and / or 1.1, without any mechanical or manual treatment of the grooves required therein, as shown in FIG. 9. The upper layer of the outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and the intermediate vertical ribs 1 to 1.n are preferably placed on the penultimate layer simultaneously, with the sorter arranged in the selected order. For the embodiment of FIG. 9 in this way, the adhesive coated pre-layer of lamellae 3 to 3.n is placed in the following order by the sorter, horizontal lamella 2, with vertical rib 1. followed by horizontal lamella 2.1, followed by vertical rib 1.1, then horizontal blade 2.2, and at the end of the string a vertical rib 1.n and a horizontal blade 2.n. The sequence described thus consists of an alternating array of one lamella 2 and one rib 1, which is cyclically repeated to the final dimension of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. The composition or laying of the outer lamellae 2 and the vertical ribs 1 may also be performed individually in a given process sequentially if the sorter does not allow simultaneous placement.

The intersection of the vertical rib 1 between the blades 2 and 2.1 and the blades 3 to 3.n is indicated by the lateral contact surface 8 and the lateral contact surface 6, which in cross-section forms a virtual slot 21.

In another embodiment, which is not shown, the sorter may also arrange the finishing layer in different alternating sets, for example, one rib 1 and one lamella 2 or two lamella 2 and one rib 1, or two ribs 1 and 1 ' and one blade 2 and the like.

In the case of the manufacture of 4-layer cross-laminated solid panels 18, an adhesive is applied to the surface of the 3rd layer and a 4th layer of lamellae 3 is laid, the orientation of which is perpendicular to the lamellae 5 and parallel to the ribs 1 and the lamellae 2.

In the case of the manufacture of 5-layer cross-glued solid panels 18, an adhesive is applied to the upper surface of the 4th layer and a 5th layer of lamellae 3 is laid, the orientation of which is the same as in the previous 4-layer embodiment. This means that layers 4 and 5 may be parallel or rectangular, depending on the orientation of layers 1 and 2.

Ribs 1 are considered to be of any cross section and of any type of wood. They may consist of several pieces that come together in the process of pressing. For each embodiment of the construction element of the invention, the vertical ribs 1 to 1.n are said to be glued to the penultimate layer of cross-glued solid board, in the present case to the inner lamellae 3 to 3.n. This is where the main load-bearing contacts 6 are located, through which the shear flow along the ribs 1 is transferred to the core of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. The lateral contact surfaces 8 between the ribs 1 and the blades 2 are not load-bearing because they are not primarily intended for voltage transfer.

When the final composition of the construction element of the invention from the cross-glued solid plate 18 and the ribs 1 is arranged, the resulting assembly is inserted into a press where all the constituent elements are compressed together, vertically and, if necessary, in the transverse direction. Particularly important is the vertical compression, which ensures that the adhesive between the main, larger contact surfaces 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 of the individual layers achieves the proper or desired load capacity. Compression in the transverse direction is required in the case of simultaneous gluing of narrow contact surfaces 6, 9, 10, 11 and 16.

If the vertical ribs 1 are tangentially curved in the longitudinal direction, they are aligned in a horizontal shape during the compression process and are straight in the final shape.

Preferably, the insulating fill 19 and the cover plate 20 are installed after the compression process is completed, before or after the installation of the building elements in the walls or ceiling floors.

The global orientation of the cross-glued solid panel 18 with ribs 1 can be arbitrary. For ceiling floors, buildings may be facing down or up with ribs 1. On the upper side, various installations can be made between the ribs 1 or the space can be filled with insulating fill 19 and the like. Turning the cross-laminated solid panels 18 with the ribs 1 downwards, the flat surface of the upper surface can be utilized and the installation between the ribs 1 on the underside. If the cross-glued solid panels 18 are intended for wall elements, then the ribs 1 are turned to the outside to obtain a manufactured secondary structure on which the facade panels are hung. In this case, fill the gap between the ribs 1 with either the insulating filler 19 in the panels or blow it into the intermediate chambers. Since the construction of the cross-laminated solid panels 18 with the ribs 1 is not closed, the insulating filler from the outside can be closed by a vapor-permeable cover plate 20.

Claims (7)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A building element for wooden wall and ceiling structures consisting of a glued solid board, with vertical ribs spaced in the outer layer with intermediate chambers and an insulating fill built into it, characterized in that it is made of cross-glued wooden solid panels (18) of which the lamination is arbitrary and of vertical ribs (1) perpendicularly inserted into the first upper layer between the outer lamellae (2) so that with a smaller contact surface (6) they lie on the layers of the inner lamellae (3) , wherein in this region the ribs (1) and the lamellae (2) and (3) together form a virtual gap (21), the distance between the ribs (1) being dependent on the number and width of the intermediate outer lamellae (2); that the cross-glued solid plate (18) is bounded on one side by a layer of spaced outer lamellae (2) and on the other by a layer of outer lamellae (4), with the outer lamellae (2, 4) extending in the longitudinal direction of the ribs ( 1) and wherein the orientation of the outer lamellae (2) is in all cases perpendicular to the layer of inner lamellae (3) below them; that in the cross-glued solid plate (18) the load-bearing contact surfaces (7, 13, 14, 15, 17) are supported between the layers, and that the lamellae (3, 4, 5) within the same layer can be additionally interconnected frontally in smaller front contact surfaces (9, 10, 11) and that the ribs (1) in the main support contact surfaces (6) or (16) are glued to the lower layer of the inner lamellae (3) or (5), as well as to the lateral contact surfaces (8) with adjacent outer lamellae (2) and such that the multilayer ribs (1, 1 ') can be glued to each other in contact surfaces (12). Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs (1) can be made of thin single-layer wood, of laminated multi-ply wood or of solid wood and, in the case of prestressed construction, are pre-curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis for any distance ( X), the upper value of which is determined by the form X _max = (5 x L ² xf _m ) / (24 χ E χ h). Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs (1) can be of any cross-section and geometry, depending on the static requirements of the wall or ceiling floor structure. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of cross-glued massive panels (18) with vertical ribs (1), for the ceiling interfaces, the ribs (1) generally extend along the longer direction of the panels (18) and for the wall elements (5) 1) as a rule, they run in a shorter transverse direction or along the height of the wall. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-laminated solid panels (18) are preferably facing outwards with the ribs (1) in the walls of the building, and can be upward or downward in the ceiling floors. Method of construction of a building element, characterized in that the upper layer of outer lamellae (2) with intermediate vertical ribs (1), on a cross-glued solid plate (18), is placed in a given interconnected order on the entire surface of the lower layer of internal lamellae (6). 3) in one go and complete with the help of a suitable sorter or manually, individually in successive elements, in the same given order, thus eliminating the preliminary machining of grooves or channels for installing ribs (1) in the upper layer of the building element. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the single-layer vertical ribs (1) for the prestressed embodiment of the cross-laminated solid plate (18) are tangentially curved by a longitudinal axis for distance (X) before being placed in the upper lamella layer (2), in the case of the glued multilayer embodiment, the ribs (1, T) are previously glued to the joint surface (12) as already curved.