SI23215A

SI23215A - Vessel control mechanism

Info

Publication number: SI23215A
Application number: SI200900350A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Peter Vidmar
Original assignee: Univerza V Ljubljani
Priority date: 2009-11-11
Filing date: 2009-11-11
Publication date: 2011-05-31
Also published as: WO2011057913A1

Abstract

The submitted invention refers to a control mechanism for vessels, in particularly sailboats, featuring at least one steering rudder and control device for operating the aforementioned at least one steering rudder, while the specified device consists of a vertical pole, linked to the aforementioned steering rudder and an operating mechanism which rotates the specified vertical pole along with the specified steering rudder around the body axis of the specified pole. According to the invention it is anticipated that the steering rudder (2) of the vessel can be rotated at least in two levels with the help of the operating mechanism (9), while the specified operating mechanism (9) preferably consists of moving devices (11, 12; 16) which on one side incline the specified steering rudder (2) regarding the longitudinal axis of the vessel, while on the other they rotate the steering rudder (2) regarding its vertical axis.

Description

Predloženi izum se nanaša na krmilno pripravo za plovilo, zlasti jadrnico, obsegajočo vsaj eno smemo krmilo in napravo za upravljanje z omenjenim vsaj enim smernim krmilom, pri čemer omenjena naprava sestoji iz navpičnega droga, povezanega z omenjenim smernim krmilom, in upravljalnega mehanizma, ki omenjeni navpični drog skupaj z omenjenim smernim krmilom suče okoli telesne osi omenjenega droga.The present invention relates to a steering device for a vessel, in particular a sailboat comprising at least one rudder and steering device for said at least one rudder, said device comprising a vertical bar associated with said rudder and a steering mechanism which the vertical pole, together with the said rudder, rotates about the body axis of said pole.

V pogojih plovbe, ko je plovilo, na primer jadrnica, zaradi bočnega vetra nagnjeno na bok, se skupaj s plovilom nagne tudi krmilo le-tega, kar se odraža v zmanjšanem učinku krmila. Znana je sicer rešitev tega problema, ki sestoji iz dveh, glede na vzdolžno os plovila vzporedno postavljenih krmil, pri čemer prva izvedba sestoji iz dveh v bistvu navpično na teoretično vodoravno vodno gladino razporejenih krmil, medtem ko druga izvedba sestoji iz dveh v bistvu pravokotno na lupino in s tem pod kotom glede na teoretično vodoravno vodno gladilo plovila postavljenih krmil.In sailing conditions, when the vessel, such as a sailboat, is tilted to the side due to crosswind, the rudder is tilted together with the vessel, which is reflected in the reduced rudder effect. Otherwise, there is a known solution to this problem, which consists of two relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel in parallel positioned rudders, the first embodiment consisting of two substantially perpendicular to the theoretical horizontal water surface of the arranged rudders, while the second embodiment consists of two substantially perpendicular to the shell and thus at an angle to the theoretical horizontal water leveler of the rudder vessels.

Pomanjkljivost omenjene prve izvedbe krmila leži v tem, da sta krmili sicer povsem ustrezni, kadar ni bočnega vetra in plovilo stoji v bistvu pravokotno na vodno gladino. Če pa je plovilo obremenjeno z bočnim vetrom, se nagne na bok in nasproti omenjenega boka ležeče krmilo je popolnoma neučinkovito oz. lahko deluje celo zaviralno.The disadvantage of said first rudder design is that the rudders are perfectly suited when there is no crosswind and the vessel is substantially perpendicular to the water surface. However, if the vessel is laden with crosswind, it tilts to the side and the rudder opposite the said side is completely ineffective. it can even act as an inhibitor.

Tudi druga omenjena izvedba krmila obsega pomanjkljivost, ki se pojavlja pri sorazmerno višji hitrosti plovbe, pri čemer omenjeno vsakokratno nagnjeno krmilo deluje kot krilo, kar povzroča neželena in neugodna nihanja, ki se prenašajo tudi na plovilo.The second rudder embodiment also comprises a drawback that occurs at a relatively higher speed of navigation, the said rudder in each case acting as a wing, causing unwanted and unfavorable fluctuations that are transmitted to the vessel as well.

Naloga izuma je ustvariti krmilno pripravo za plovilo, prednostno za jadrnico, s katero se bo odpravilo pomanjkljivosti znanih rešitev.It is an object of the invention to provide a control device for a vessel, preferably a sailboat, which will eliminate the drawbacks of known solutions.

Zastavljena naloga je po izumu rešena s tem, da je smemo krmilo plovila zasukljivo v vsaj dveh ravninah. To se doseže s pomočjo upravljalnega mehanizma, ki prednostno sestoji iz vsaj dveh premikalnih priprav, kateri po eni strani nagibata omenjeno smemo krmilo glede na vzdolžno os plovila, po drugi strani pa sučeta smemo krmilo glede na navpično os letega. Sile, ki pri tem delujejo na omenjeno smemo krmilo, se preko omenjenega upravljalnega mehanizma prenašajo na trup plovila, kamor je omenjeni upravljalni mehanizem pritrjen.The object of the invention is solved by the fact that the rudder of the vessel can be rotated in at least two planes. This is achieved by means of a control mechanism, preferably consisting of at least two displacement devices, which, on the one hand, tilt the said rudder relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and, on the other hand, rotate the rudder relative to the vertical axis of the flight. The forces acting on said rudder are transmitted through the said steering mechanism to the hull of the vessel to which the said steering mechanism is attached.

Po izumu je predvideno, da je omenjeni upravljalni mehanizem sestavljen bodisi iz hidravličnih, pnevmatskih, elektromagnetnih, električnih, vrvnih, verižnih ali podobnih priprav, ki izvajajo ustrezno nagibalno in/ali rotacijsko gibanje smernega krmila plovila.According to the invention it is intended that said control mechanism consists of either hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, electrical, rope, chain or similar devices that perform the appropriate tilting and / or rotational movement of the rudder of the vessel.

Pri tem je po izumu nadalje predvideno, da nihajni kot smernega krmila leži približno med ±45° glede na vzdolžno os plovila. S pomočjo krmilne priprave po izumu se da smemo krmilo pri nagnjenem plovilu postaviti v položaj, ki je pravokoten na vodno gladino. Vzdolžna os smernega krmila s tem ostane vzporedna z smerjo plovbe, kar zagotavlja največji učinek delovanja krmila v vodi in najmanjši upor. Kadar se omenjeno krmilno pripravo po izumu uporablja pri jadrnici, se s postavitvijo smernega krmila pravokotno na vodno gladino zmanjša zanos jadrnice, kar posledično zmanjša kot jadranja v veter.The invention further provides that the pivot angle of the rudder is approximately ± 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. By means of the steering apparatus of the invention, the rudder can be positioned in a tilted vessel in a position perpendicular to the water surface. The longitudinal axis of the rudder thus remains parallel to the direction of navigation, which ensures the maximum effect of rudder operation in water and the least resistance. When said steering gear according to the invention is used in a sailboat, by placing the rudder at right angles to the water surface, the drift of the sailboat is reduced, which consequently reduces the winding angle.

Izum je v nadaljevanju podrobneje predstavljen in opisan s sklicevanjem na priloženo skico, kjer je prikazana krmilna priprava po izumu v prerezni ravnini, ležeči prečno na plovilo.The invention is hereinafter further described and described with reference to the accompanying drawing, which illustrates the control device of the invention in a cross-sectional plane lying transversely to the vessel.

Trup 1 plovila, ki je na sl. 1 prikazan s črta-pikčasto črto, je v območju smernega krmila 2 zasnovan s skoznjo luknjo 3, katere obod je obdan z vencem 4, s čimer se omenjeni trup 1 plovila ojača na mestu predora. V omenjeni skoznji luknji 3 je razporejen kroglasti sklep 5, ki sestoji iz kroglastega tečaja 6 in dvodelne, v danem primeru v vodoravni ravnini deljene ležaj ne skodele, to je spodnje polovice 7 in zgornje polovice 8. Pri tem je omenjeni sklep za vodo neprepustno na po sebi znan način razporejen v omenjeni skoznji luknji 3.The hull 1 of the vessel of FIG. 1 is shown by a dotted line, in the area of the rudder 2, it is formed by a through hole 3, the circumference of which is surrounded by a rim 4, thereby reinforcing said hull 1 of the vessel at the location of the tunnel. In said through hole 3, a spherical joint 5 is arranged, consisting of a ball hinge 6 and a two-piece, optionally in the horizontal plane, of the divided bearing, i.e. the lower half 7 and the upper half 8. In this case, said water joint is impermeable to by itself known manner arranged in said through hole 3.

Omenjenemu kroglastemu tečaju 6, ki je na po sebi znan način v vseh smereh gibljiv v omenjeni ležajni skodeli 7, 8, je na prvi, vodni strani prigrajeno krmilo 2, medtem ko mu je na nasprotni, notranji strani plovila prigrajen upravljalni mehanizem 9.Said ball hinge 6, which is known in all directions in all directions moving in said bearing cup 7, 8, is fitted with a rudder 2 on the first, water side, while a control mechanism 9 is mounted on the opposite side of the vessel.

Omenjeni upravljalni mehanizem 9 sestoji iz glave 10, ki je togo povezana z omenjenim kroglastim tečajem 6, in ki ji je z vsakokratne bočne strani, gledano v vzdolžni smeri plovila, prigrajena po ena premikalna priprava 11, 12. Omenjena vsakokratna priprava 11, 12 je zgibno povezana z omenjeno glavo 10, medtem ko je vsakokratni nasprotni konec omenjene vsakokratne priprave 11, 12 zgibno povezan z ušesom 13, 14, ki štrli iz omenjenega trupa 1 plovila. Omenjeni ušesi 13, 14 sta prednostno togo povezani s trupomSaid control mechanism 9 consists of a head 10, which is rigidly connected to said ball hinge 6, and which is provided with one moving device 11, 12 from each side, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vessel. hingedly connected to said head 10, while each opposite end of said respective device 11, 12 is hingedly connected to the ear 13, 14 projecting from said hull 1 of the vessel. Said ears 13, 14 are preferably rigidly connected to the hull

I. Pri tem je po izumu predvideno, da je omenjena premikalna priprava 11, 12 lahko pnevmatski ali hidravlični valj, ki je gnan na po sebi znan in podrobneje neprikazan način. Omenjena premikalna priprava 11, 12 je lahko zasnovana tudi kot električno ali elektromagnetno gonilo ali podobno.I. According to the invention, it is contemplated that said displacement device 11, 12 may be a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder driven in a manner known and not shown in a manner known in detail. Said displacement device 11, 12 may also be designed as an electric or electromagnetic gearbox or the like.

Omenjeni glavi 10 upravljalnega mehanizma 9 je nadalje na strani, obrnjeni proč od kroglastega tečaja 6, prigrajena približno v navpični ravnini ležeča zgibna gred 15, katere prosti konec je pritrjen na trup 1 plovila. Omenjeni zgibni gredi 15 je nadalje v notranjosti plovila in v območju krova prigrajena v bistvu vodoravno in izsredno glede na navpično os zgibne gredi 15 ležeča premikalna priprava 16, s pomočjo katere se omenjeno zgibno gred 15 lahko suče okoli njene vzdolžne osi. Da se izravna spremembe dolžine omenjene zgibne gredi, do katerih pride zaradi nagibanja smernega krmila 2, je omenjena zgibna gred 15 v svoji vzdolžni smeri zasnovana na način teleskopa.Said head 10 of the control mechanism 9 is further mounted on the side facing away from the ball hinge 6, a pivot shaft 15 about in a vertical plane, the free end of which is attached to the hull 1 of the vessel. Said articulated shaft 15 is further substantially horizontal and extending substantially horizontally and extensibly in relation to the vertical axis of the articulated shaft 15, a movable device 16, by means of which said articulated shaft 15 can pivot about its longitudinal axis. In order to compensate for changes in the length of said articulated shaft due to the tilting of the rudder 2, said articulated shaft 15 is designed in the longitudinal direction in the manner of a telescope.

Pri tem je omenjeno krmilo 2 z omenjenim kroglastim tečajem 6 povezano s pomočjo droga 17, ki je z omenjenim krmilom 2 togo povezan. Omenjeni drog 17 pri tem na za vodo neprepusten način predira omenjeni kroglasti tečaj 6 in omenjeno glavo 10 ter je zgibno povezan z zgibno gredjo 15.Said rudder 2 is connected to said ball hinge 6 by means of a rod 17 which is rigidly connected to said rudder 2. Said pole 17 penetrates the ball-like hinge 6 and said head 10 in a watertight manner and is articulated with the articulated shaft 15.

Krmilna priprava po izumu je zasnovana tako, da ji je omogočeno gibanje v vsaj dveh ravninah. Omenjeno gibanje krmila 2 se doseže s tem, da vsakokratna premikalna pripravaThe control device according to the invention is designed to allow movement in at least two planes. Said movement of the rudder 2 is achieved by the fact that it is a moving device in each case

II, 12 premika omenjeno krmilo 2 bodisi v eno ali drugo smer v ravnini, ležeči pravokotno glede na plovilo oz. pravokotno glede na navpično vzdolžno ravnino plovila (na sl. prikazano s črtkano črto). Sukanje krmila 2 okoli njegove pokončne osi oz. okoli telesne osi droga 17, ki je togo povezan z omenjenim krmilom 2, se zagotovi s pomočjo omenjene premikalne priprave 16, ki suče zgibno gred 15 in s tem krmilo 2 okoli omenjene pokončne osi oz. okoli telesne osi omenjenega droga 17.II, 12 moves said rudder 2 either in one direction or the other in a plane perpendicular to the vessel or the vessel. perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal plane of the vessel (shown in Fig. with a dashed line). Rotation of rudder 2 about its upright axis or. about the body axis of the rod 17, which is rigidly connected to said rudder 2, is provided by means of said displacement device 16, which rotates the articulated shaft 15, and thereby the rudder 2 about said upright axis or. about the body axis of said rod 17.

Po izumu je nadalje predvideno, da je za premikanje in/ali sukanje omenjenega smernega krmila 2 predvidena le po ena omenjena premikalna priprava 11, 12, razporejena z vsakokratne bočne strani omenjene glave 10, gledano v vzdolžni smeri plovila. Da bi se sukanje krmila 2 okoli njegove navpične osi doseglo le s pomočjo omenjenih priprav 11, 12 je po izumu predvideno, da sta omenjeni pripravi 11, 12 vsakokrat razporejeni izsredno glede na navpično os krmila 2. V tem primeru postane dodatni drog 17 odvečen. Seveda je tudi v tem primeru omenjena vsakokratna priprava 11, 12 zgibno povezana z omenjeno glavo 10, medtem ko je vsakokratni nasprotni konec omenjene vsakokratne priprave 11, 12 zgibno povezan z ušesom 13, 14, ki štrli iz omenjenega trupa 1 plovila.According to the invention, it is further provided that only one said displacement device 11, 12 arranged on each side of said head 10, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vessel, is provided for moving and / or twisting said rudder 2. In order that the rotation of the rudder 2 about its vertical axis can only be achieved by means of said devices 11, 12 according to the invention, it is provided that said devices 11, 12 are arranged in each case directly relative to the vertical axis of the rudder 2. In this case, the additional rod 17 becomes redundant. Of course, in this case, too, said respective device 11, 12 is articulated connected to said head 10, while the opposite end of said respective device 11, 12 is articulated to the ear 13, 14 projecting from said hull 1 of the vessel.

Seveda pa je očitno, da lahko strokovnjak z zadevnega področja uporabi opisani izum tudi za več smernih krmil na enem plovilu, pri čemer plovilo ni omejeno zgolj na jadrnico, ali kot stabilizacijska krilca, ne da bi se pri tem oddaljili od smisla in obsega izuma.However, it will be appreciated that one of skill in the art will be able to apply the described invention also to multiple rudders on one vessel, the vessel being not limited to a sailboat or stabilizing wings without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Univerza v LjubljaniUniversity of Ljubljana

Claims

A steering gear for a vessel, in particular a sailboat, comprising at least one rudder (2) and a control device for said at least one rudder (2), wherein

5, said device consists of a vertical bar (17) connected to said direction rudder (2) and a control mechanism which rotates said vertical rod (17) together with said direction rudder (2) about the body axis of said rod (17), characterized by the steering rudder (2) of the vessel being rotatable in at least two planes by means of the steering mechanism (9), said steering

10, the mechanism (9) preferably consists of movable devices (11,12; 16) which, on the one hand, tilt the said rudder (2) relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and, on the other hand, rotate the rudder (2) relative to the vertical axis only. -the one.

Steering device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of them is mentioned

15 displacement devices (11,12; 16) arranged extending substantially relative to the body axis of the vertical bar (17).

Steering device according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the moving device (16) is positioned extensely with respect to the body axis of the vertical bar (17).

Steering device according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the movable means (11, 12) are arranged directly relative to the body axis of the vertical bar (17).

Control device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is

25 The hull (1) of the vessel in the area of said rudder (2) is designed with a through hole (3) in which a ball joint (5) consisting of a ball hinge (6) and a two-part bearing cup (7, 8) are sealed to the water. ), said ball (6) being connected on the first, water side to the rudder (2), while on the opposite, inner side of the vessel, it is connected to the steering mechanism (9).

Steering device according to claim 5, characterized in that said control mechanism (9) consists of a head (10) rigidly connected to said spherical hinge (6) and one moving device (11, 12) which from each side, when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vessel, is articulated with said head (10), wherein

35, said rudder (2) is connected to said spherical hinge (6) by means of a vertical bar (17), which penetrates in a watertight manner the said spherical hinge (6) and said head (10) and is pivotally connected to the articulated shaft (6). 15).

Steering device according to Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the respective free end of said respective device (11, 12) is pivotally connected to the ear (13, 14) projecting from said hull (1) of the vessel.

Steering device according to Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said head (10) of the control mechanism (9), on the side facing away from the ball hinge (6), is mounted approximately vertically in the vertical plane of the articulated shaft (15). the free end of which is attached to the hull (1) of the vessel, wherein said articulated shaft (15) is substantially horizontally and vertically disposed relative to the body axis of said vertical bar (17) by means of a displacement device (16) by means of the said articulated shaft (15) being able to rotate about its longitudinal axis.

Steering device according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that said articulated shaft (15) is designed in the longitudinal direction in the manner of a telescope.

Control device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said control mechanism (9) consists of either hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, electrical, rope, chain or similar displacement devices (11, 12; 16) adequate tilting and / or rotational movement of the rudder (2) of the vessel.

Steering device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting angle of the rudder (2) lies approximately between ± 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.