SI22516A - Device for the protection, supervision and control of the use of electric power sources - Google Patents

Abstract

Subject of the invention is a device for the protection, supervision and control of consumption and use of electric power sources within electric networks (NK) which provides protection against electric power outages due to the exceeded total consumption in the network as well as optimum consumption of the connected electric power sources, protects the connected users against overvoltages, low voltages, local overcurrents within the network, is installed in front of one or more users and switches the surge protection circuits at the input an/or output (RVN, RVL, RVA, RVJ), electrically controlled ON/OFF contactor (S), measurement control circuits for measuring the power consumption, voltage and current (AM), communication interface for the exchange of data on the electric power consumption (IF), which exchanges data on current power, required for decision on priority disconnection in case of exceeded consumption within the network with other devices part the power network, data required for the time synchronisation, for charging electric power tariffs, data on the consumption of electric power from diagnostic and measurement purposes, user analysis and configuration purposes, for manual and automatic setting of the device.

Description

The subject of the invention is a device for protecting, controlling and controlling the consumption and use of electricity sources in NK electrical networks.

The device according to the invention provides protection against power failure due to excess total consumption in the network, rational use of connected electrical sources and protects the connected electrical devices against overvoltages, overvoltages and local current overloads in the network.

The state of the art

Increased electricity consumption is critical in the local environment. In front of it, the client is protected by a circuit breaker, which in the event of an overload, disconnects. In this way, according to the state of the art, all consumers of electricity (household appliances, industrial appliances, etc.) operating in the electrical networks are protected from overloads and faults.

In the market, we find electrical circuit breakers, largely based on mechanical disconnection of the local current phase, triggered by local current overload, and are a necessary protective element in any facility that is powered by electricity. Networks and other sources of power also have problems with under-voltage that falls below the operating range of each device and voltage / current peaks caused by lightning and other network disruptions. Typically, clients are virtually unprotected against overvoltages and overvoltages that occur on the network, because too often the protection is limited to local overloads.

The power available to it at a given time is limited. When there is an uncontrolled congestion of the entire network and when it is threatened, there is a power failure for all users in a particular segment.

In the modern management of electrical networks, the problem of congestion is also solved according to the state of the art, so that by increasing the power consumption, i.e. during critical periods, reduces electrical power to large customer groups.

Power failure has different impacts on individual electrical devices, as electrical devices have different priorities depending on the operating mode. As an energy-accumulative element, the boiler is least sensitive to power outages, and some electronic devices have an energy reserve that ensures smooth operation for a limited time, e.g. a computer system shorter than 100 ms.

A technical problem

The device according to the invention solves all the mentioned problems of protection of electricity users by providing network current protection (for prevention of electrical eclipse) by selectively reducing electrical power to individual customers and / or selectively connecting connected sources to the network, additional under voltage protection, protection against Local overloads with client diagnostics and analysis and overvoltage protection elements for connected consumers or power generators Device for protection, control and control of consumption and use of NK power sources in electrical networks includes overvoltage protection circuits with varistor elements and / or gas arresters, active circuit for measuring power consumption based on measured current and voltage values, a communication circuit for exchanging power consumption data with other devices of the invention, and an electrically flexible circuit breaker.

In the presentation of the prior art, we have highlighted the problems that are successfully solved by the invention described below.

The invention is described and shown in a concrete embodiment in the following drawings, which will further explain the advantages of the invention.

Short description of the pictures

Figure 1: Construction of a device for protection, control and control of consumption and use of electricity sources in electrical networks with one input and one active, bridging and inverted active output branch or. phase

Figure 2: Binding of three devices according to the invention for combined electric branches or. phase

Description of the invention

A device for protecting, controlling and controlling the consumption and use of electricity sources in NK electrical networks includes surge protection circuits R _v n, Rvl, Rvl, RvA, RvJ (surge protection circuits made with varistor elements and / or gas arresters), electrically controlled circuit breaker S, measuring control circuit for measuring power consumption, voltage and current AM, current meter CT, communication interface for exchanging power consumption IF, input terminals for: neutral conductor N, phase L, PE grounding as this Figure 1 also shows.

In the case of multiple input branches or phases, more than one input phase, for example L1, L2, can enter an individual NK device. Devices NK1, NK2, NK3 have input terminals N-ι, N ₂ , N ₃ 'to which the neutral conductor N is connected, terminals L _{11 (} L ₂ i, L31' to which the conductor L-ι is connected, and L ₂ and terminals PE-ι, PE ₂ ,

PE ₃ to which the earth conductor is connected and the output terminals A1, A ₂ , A _3i h, l ₂ , l ₃ and Ji, J2. J3 (example shows Figure 2).

As shown in Figure 2, NK1, NK2, and NK3 devices may have multiple IF1, IF2 (in NK1), IF3, IF4 (in NK2) and IF5 and IF6 (in NK3) communication interfaces that provide communication to NK1, NK2, and NK3 in the network.

The output includes the device according to the invention (see Figure 1): active output of electric branch A, bridging output of electric branch J, which can be connected to output A in the event of switching off of the electrically controlled switching / switching switch S (via contacts 2 and 4) and inverted active output of electrical branch I, which becomes active in the event of tripping / tripping switch S (via terminals 1 and 3).

Due to dangerous overvoltages on the input and output side, the device according to the invention is protected at the input (N, L) and output (I, A, J) by the overvoltage protection circuits Rvn, Rvl. Rvi. Wrestling. Rvj4

An electrically controlled switching / tripping switch S, which can be made as a mechanical or semiconductor element, is part of the under voltage and mains protection which, in the case of overvoltage or overcurrent, is disconnected or switched on by a measuring control circuit for measuring power consumption, voltage and current AM.

In the AM control circuit, current measurement can be carried out directly through a resistor (shunt), isolated through a measuring transformer, or otherwise. Voltage measurement can be carried out directly by means of a resistive grid, isolated through a measuring transformer or by any other means.

Through the communication interface for the exchange of power consumption information IF, the NK device exchanges with the other devices for monitoring and control of power consumption and generation of NK the current power needed to decide on priority disconnection in case of power consumption exceeding the time required synchronization, electricity billing, power consumption data for diagnostic and measurement purposes, for consumer analysis and configuration purposes, for manual and automatic device setup, and more. The IF communication power communication interface can be, for example: direct analog or digital interface or SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter), I2C, 1-Wire data bus, VVireless USB (Universal Serial Bus) ), multi-level ZigBee, Bluetooth, or implemented in other technologies, such as Lon Works, or any standard or non-standard interface with the above characteristics. The IF communication interface can also be implemented with multiple physical ports IF1, IF2, etc., for direct communication with one or more modules at a time (see Figure 2). The devices according to the invention are functionally modular building blocks and together form the system for protection of the electrical network. Each NK device may have one or more inputs with inputs for phase connection (eg No, L, PE), and one or more outputs for balancing electrical consumption by phase (eg A, I, J). The input and output connections are connected to the input or output electrical branches.

The devices of the invention can be connected as shown in Figure 2, wherein one or more electrical output branches, for example La, Lb, may be indirectly connected to one or more electrical input branches, for example L1, L2.

For example, the input electrical branches may be the R, S, T phases of a three-phase system.

The connection shown in Figure 2 enables the equalization of power consumption between phases, which is important for reducing network losses.

The device according to the invention protects the user connected to the device from the effects of overvoltage occurring at the input between L-N or L-PE (Figure 1). Measurement control circuit for measuring electricity consumption, voltage and current AM detects overvoltage and triggers the disconnection of the electrically controlled switching / tripping switch S. At local overload, the current in phase L increases, the measuring control circuit AM detects a change (absolute, effective, etc.) current values via the CT current meter and disconnects the electrically controlled switching / switching switch S (contact 3 connects to contact 1, contact 4 with contact 2) according to a predetermined transfer switching function that defines the permitted time and level of overload.

The devices according to the invention exchange information on current capacities via the communication interfaces of IF and calculate the total absolute sum of consumption in one or more phases on an ongoing basis. It is not necessary that each NK device separately calculates the total consumption, but only one or more NK devices can perform this function, and the other devices according to the invention only send their consumption measurements to other NK devices and from those NK devices that calculate the total consumption, receive information on total consumption.

In the case of total overload, the current is increased in any phase L, and the devices for protection, control and control of the consumption and use of electricity sources in the NK electrical networks calculate its value through the exchange of data via the IF communication interface and own consumption measurement using the CT current meter and via of the measuring control circuit AM is disconnected or switched on by an electrically controlled switching / switching switch S according to a predetermined transfer function that defines the permitted time and level of overload, etc., the priority of starting or unplugging the NK device, etc.

The device according to the invention also enables rational use of voltage sources (generator, solar cells, cogeneration, etc.) and integration of these sources into the grid.

In the case where generators are connected to the device according to the invention, the connection can be made as shown in Figure 2, except that the generators are connected to the phases La and Lb instead of consumers, and the phases L1 and L2 are output phases that are connected to other devices. 1 in order to distribute the energy supplied to consumers or to send it directly to the grid. The connection in Fig. 2 has two output phases La and Lb on which a generator can be connected which can both supply phase L1 and a generator connected to Lb either L1 or L2. For example, a current limiter connected to a capacitor connected to terminal I3 of the NK3 device can be used to detect loads and automatically switch Lb from L1 to L2 by turning NK2 off - becoming inactive, output A ₂ bridging to J ₂ and NK3 switching on - becoming active .

With the device according to the invention, the redistribution of electricity between phases is carried out automatically, due to overload in the network, for example at L1, Lb is switched to L2.

Specifically, Figure 2 shows the binding of three devices for protecting, controlling and controlling the consumption and use of power sources in electrical networks, where the output J ₂ of the NK2 device and the output A ₃ of the NK3 device are connected to the inverted output I3 of the NK3 device such that in the case of reducing electrical smog, the electrical branch at output Lb switches to the NK3 via a current limiter such as a capacitor.

It is also possible to have a separate bypass switch that bypasses the output terminals A and J and can be controlled separately or synchronously with an on / off switch that switches between A and I output (see Fig.).

A combined network voltage measurement is performed by a combination of devices according to the invention, where at least one measures the voltage communicated to the other NK devices via the IF communication interface. Through the IF communication interface, devices for protecting, controlling and controlling the consumption and use of power sources in the NK electrical networks are synchronized with the grid voltage, allowing reactive energy measurements, cos fi and other measurements, as well as synchronous switching on and off of the S / S switch. The state of the device according to the invention as well as the state of the surge protectors, expressed as a temperature vector T., is read via the IF communication interface. The temperature vector T includes the results of measurements on one or more varistors.

Claims (9)

A device for protecting, controlling and controlling the consumption and use of electricity sources in electrical (NK) systems, characterized in that it includes overvoltage protection circuits (R _v n, R _v l, Rvi, Rva, R _v j) at the input (L , L1, L2) and / or output (A, I, J), electrically controlled switching / tripping switches (S), measuring control circuits to measure power consumption, voltage and current (AM) and communication interface (IF). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted in a single housing. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said communication interface (IF) exchanges with the other devices in the electrical network the current power data needed to decide on priority disconnection in the event of a power outage, synchronization, electricity billing, power consumption data for diagnostic and measurement purposes, for consumer analysis and for configuration purposes, as well as for manual and automatic device setup. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the case of overloading or unburdening of a local electrical branch or network and the consequent occurrence of overvoltage or overvoltage at the inputs (N, L, L1, L2), a measuring control circuit for measuring power consumption, voltage and current (AM), according to a predetermined transfer function, disconnects or activates connected users in a predetermined order via an electrically controlled cut-off / switch (S). Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that it preferentially disconnects the lower priority electric branches based on a statically or dynamically adjustable, maximum allowable current. Device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it protects the inputs with input terminals (N, L, L1, with overvoltage protection circuits (R _v n, R _v l, R _V i, R _v a, R _v j). L2) for connection of phases and / or outputs with output terminals (I, A, J) for connection of consumers and / or voltage sources connected to the device (NK). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said measuring control circuit AM performs voltage measurements on the electrical branch (L, L1, L2) in the device (NK) in which it is installed and / or receives information on the measured voltage from other devices (NK) in the network via a communication interface (IF). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring control circuits AM reads the temperature of the overvoltage protection circuits (Rvn, Rvl, Rvi, Rva, Rvj) and transmits the readout temperature information via the communication interface (IF) to another device (NK) on the network. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by switching the switch (S) and by means of the bridging output of the electric branch (J), it redistributes the input electrical branches connected to the inputs of the device (eg L1, L2)) to the output electrical branch ( e.g., La).