SG176344A1

SG176344A1 - Systems and processes for communicating asset data based upon network availability

Info

Publication number: SG176344A1
Application number: SG2010038545A
Authority: SG
Inventors: Zchung Chan Wong
Original assignee: Zchung Chan Wong
Priority date: 2010-06-02
Filing date: 2010-06-02
Publication date: 2011-12-29

Abstract

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR COMMUNICATING ASSET DATABASED UPON NETWORK AVAILABILITYAbstractSystems and processes for communicating data or information between two or morecontrol systems, stations, modules, or units are provided by various embodiments of thepresent disclosure. A data communication network including a container control system, aship control system, a central control station is described. Data can be frequently orperiodically communicated from the container control system to the central control stationvia a geographically restricted network when the container control system is within rangeof the geographically restricted network. Alternatively, data can be transmitted from thecontainer control system to the ship control system by way of a ship based container areanetwork when beyond the range of a geographically unrestricted network. Data can beinfrequently transmitted from the ship control system to the central control station via ageographically unrestricted network.FIG.1

Description

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR COMMUNICATING ASSET DATA

BASED UPON NETWORK AVAILABILITY

Technical Field 5S The present disclosure relates generally to systems and processes for communicating information relating to transportable assets based upon asset location, network availability, and/or communication network parameters or characteristics such as network usage cost. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and processes for controlling data communication, for example, controlling the frequency of data communication, based at least partially upon asset location, available network type, and/or network usage cost.

Background

Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using containers (or intermodal containers). Generally, merchandise or products are contained or stored within the containers, which are then loaded onto transport vessels, for example container ships and transport airplanes, and transported to their target destination.

The total volume of international container shipping has dramatically increased over time.

At present, it has been reported that more than 90% of non-bulk cargo for international export 1s currently transported via container shipping. This translates to the shipping of hundreds of millions of containers annually. Many container shipping companies, for instance AP. Moller-Maersk Group, China Shipping Container Lines (CSCL), Hapag-

Lloyd, and the Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., operate container ships that are each capable of transporting thousands of containers per journey.

It is generally important to be able to track, and secure, individual containers as they are transported (e.g., shipped) globally. Improvement to the quality (e.g., accuracy) of container tracking across international trade routes is of increasing concern. In addition, it has become a frequent requirement to be able to monitor container state (e.g., temperature, pressure, and/or humidity of a container) during shipping. However, due to the immense volume of international container shipping, the tracking of individual containers can be difficult. In addition, monitoring of the state (e.g., temperature) of individual containers can be significantly complex and costly.

The market for refrigerated (or “reefer”) container shipping is expanding globally.

Generally, the temperatures of refrigerated containers need to be maintained at specified ranges (i.e., low temperature ranges) for optimal storage and/or preservation of the merchandise carried therewithin. Accordingly, it is of increasing importance to be able to monitor container state (e.g., container temperature) during the shipping of containers, more specifically refrigerated containers.

Conventionally, container tracking has been performed passively involving complex logistical coordination with generally limited levels of traceability and security. More recently, active tracking units such as IBM’s TREC (Tamper-Resistant Embedded

Controllers) and FELA’s CarLoc system have been utilized for facilitating container tracking. TREC is a technology that uses real-time tracking devices that are fitted to containers and designed to withstand the environment of said containers. Typically, TREC devices are able to receive and transmit significant amounts of data. The TREC device automatically collects data associated with the container it is attached to, for instance physical location using an in-built global positioning system (GPS), container state information such as temperature, air pressure, and humidity; and/or occurrence of a container breach or intrusion. The TREC device then transmits all the collected data to a central control station or system.

Existing tracking devices can transmit data to a central control station or system using a

GSM or a GPRS network. In addition, some tracking devices can further utilize a satellite communication network (e.g, the Iridium satellite communication network) for transmitting data to the central control station. Typically, data from multiple tracking devices onboard a ship is first collected or retrieved by a ship control system before being transmitted to the central control station using the satellite communication network.

Typically, existing tracking devices (e.g, the TREC devices) collect and transmit significantly large volumes of data. The need for communicating such large volumes of data can give rise to a substantially high communication cost. As previously mentioned, the volume of containers carried by a single ship can be significantly large. In addition, 5S the number of containers that can be carried by a single ship can be significant.

Accordingly, a ship control system needs to be able to support communication of an increasing volume of data. More specifically, the ship control system needs to be capable of receiving large volumes of data or information from multiple tracking units, and subsequently transmitting said large volumes of data to the central control station.

The massive volumes of data or information communicated to the central control station often results in incurrence of a substantially high communication cost, particularly when data communication occurs via satellite communication. Improved systems and methods of data communication, in particular in association with international container shipping, is therefore likely to benefit international trade.

Summary

In accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure, there is disclosed a method for communicating data relating to an asset. The method includes receiving a set of data by a first control system. The first control system is configured to communicate with a central control station by way of a geographically restricted network and with a second control system by way of a local network. The second control system is configured to communicate with the central control station by way of a geographically unrestricted network. The method also includes determining the availability of the geographically restricted network for data communication and using one of the geographically restricted network and the geographically unrestricted network for communicating data to the central control station. A frequency of data communication to the central control station is selected based upon the determined availability of the geographically restricted network.

In accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure, there is disclosed a method for transmitting data including receiving a set of data relating to asset location and at least one asset condition parameter by a first control system. The first control system is configured to communicate with a second control system and a central control station. The method also includes processing the set of data to determine at least one of asset location and at least one asset condition parameter. The method further includes selecting one of a geographically restricted network and a geographically unrestricted network for data transmission and selecting a portion of the set of data for transmission, the selection of the portion of the set of data based at least partially upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

In accordance with a third embodiment of the present disclosure, there is disclosed a method for communicating data relating to an asset. The method includes receiving data relating to an asset by a first control system. The first control system is configured to communicate with a central control station by way of a geographically restricted network and with a second control system by way of a local network. The second control system is configured to communicate with the central control station by way of a geographically unrestricted network. The method also includes processing the received data for determining at least one of asset location and at least one asset condition parameter and selecting one of the geographically restricted network and the satellite communication network for communicating data to the central control station. The method further includes communicating at least a portion of the set of data received by the first control system to the central control station. A frequency of data communication is substantially lower when the satellite communication network is selected as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected.

In accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, there is disclosed a data communication network that includes a first control system configured to communicate with a central control station. The first control system includes a network management module configured to select a geographically restricted network for data communication between the first control system and the central control station when the first control system is located within range of the geographically restricted network. The data communication network also includes a second control system coupled to the first control system and configured to support data communication with the first control system. The second control system includes a network management unit configured to select a geographically unrestricted network for data communication between the second control system and the central control station when the first control system is out of range of the 5 geographically restricted network. In addition, the data communication network includes at least one processing unit carried by at least of the first and second control systems and configured to control a frequency of data communication with the central control station based upon whether the geographically restricted network or the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data communication with the central control station.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the figures, in which,

FIG 1 is an illustrative diagram of a data communication network or system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a container control system carried by a container in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a partial isometric view of a container carrying the container control system of FIG. 2 as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is partial front view of a RFID tag for securing a container as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate fastening of the RFID tag of FIG. 4 to a lock mechanism carried by a container as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG, 6 1s a partial schematic diagram of a ship control system of the data communication network or system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 shows a partial schematic diagram of a container ship as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a partial schematic diagram of a central control system of the data communication network or system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 shows aspects of data communication between a container control system carried by a container such as that shown in FIG. 3 and a central control station in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 shows aspects of data communication between a ship control system and a central control station in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of process for communicating data using a container control system as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a process for communicating data using a ship control system as according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an exception handling or exception reporting process in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a process for communication data using the central control station of FIG. 8 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In international container shipping situations, assets such as containers carrying merchandise or products typically need to be tracked. Monitoring of asset state or condition (e.g., container temperature, pressure, and/or humidity) is of increasing importance, particularly for refrigerated (or “reefer”) containers. The tracking of assets such as containers, and/or monitoring of asset state, conventionally involves frequent communication, and/or the communication of significant volumes of data or information.

However, increased data communication frequency and/or increased data volume typically results in increased communication costs, particularly when a satellite 5S communication network 1s utilized for data communication. In addition, data redundancy or possibly overload can occur in association with the communication of large volumes of data.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems, devices, methods, procedures, and/or processes for managing or controlling the communication of data or information. As further detailed below, multiple embodiments of the present disclosure facilitate the management or control of data communication (e.g., selective data communication) between at least two control systems, stations, modules, or units. The managed or controlled data communication associated with various embodiments of the present disclosure addresses at least one above-mentioned existing issues or drawbacks associated with international container shipping. For instance, selective data transmission between at least two control systems, stations, modules, or units in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure can facilitate or effectuate a substantial reduction in communication costs.

For purposes of brevity and clarity, the following description is provided with particular reference to container transport, and more specifically container shipping, wherein data is communicated between at least two of a container control system, a ship control system, a central or remote control station, and a user control station. It will, however, be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that particular embodiments of the present disclosure, for instance particular systems and methods of the present disclosure, can be adapted for use in association with other types of transport vessels such as aircrafts and land-based vehicles.

In the following description, containers can generally be defined as reusable transport and storage units for moving or transporting merchandise, products, goods, and/or raw materials between locations or countries. Containers can include intermodal containers or freight containers, refrigerated (or “reefer”) containers, corrugated boxes (e.g., corrugated fiberboard boxes), intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), unit load devices (ULDs), flexible intermediate bulk container, bulk boxes, drums, and crates. Although the following description relates specifically to the transport, more specifically shipping, of containers, it will be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that particular methods and systems of the present disclosure can be similarly applied to the transport of other classes or types of assets within the scope of the present disclosure.

Most embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods for managed or controlled (e.g., selective) communication of data between multiple control systems, units, or stations, for example, an asset or container control system, a transport vessel control system (more specifically a ship control system), a central or remote control station, and at least one user control station. Typically, the container control system is carried by a container, the ship control system is carried by a container ship, the central control station is located on land, and the user control station can be an individual’s or a company’s computing system, computer, or computing device.

As further detailed below, depending upon container location, data priority or importance, data volume, network availability, and/or network parameters such as network usage cost, data can be selectively communicated between particular control systems via a number of known information communication technologies, networks, devices, or means. Such networks can include (1) a geographically limited or restricted communication network, for example GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), GPRS (General Packet

Radio Service), and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution); (2) a global geographically unlimited communication network, for instance, a global satellite communication network (e.g., the Iridium satellite communication network); and (3) an asset area network, for instance, a container area network that includes a Personal Area

Network (PAN) and/or a local area network (LAN) that enables communication between the transport vessel control system (e.g., associated with a server on board the ship) and one or more sets of container control systems. The asset area network can be configured for asset monitoring (e.g., container data reception, storage, and/or analysis) and selective asset state reporting to the central control station. In several embodiments, the asset area network can be configured for frequent asset monitoring, and infrequent or intermittent communication of asset state information from the transport vessel control system to the central control station. In certain embodiments, data communication can also include data transfer by way of wire-based communication technology.

Systems, methods, and processes of embodiments of the present disclosure facilitate or enable the control or selection of a type of communication network used for data communication between particular control systems. More specifically, systems, methods, and processes in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure facilitate or enable the communication of asset-related data between an asset control system and a remote or central control, monitoring, or tracking station by way of (1) a geographically restricted communication network such as a GSM network; or (2) an asset area network that selectively communicates with a global or geographically unrestricted communication network such as a satellite communication network.

In general, an asset area network includes a transport vessel control system configured for communication with at least one set of asset control systems, and with the geographically unrestricted network. The asset area network includes at least one, and typically multiple, container control systems; and a set of signal or data transfer devices or elements such as one or more routers, antennas, and/or wire-based links that facilitate communication between the container control system(s) and the transport vessel control system. The transport vessel control system can manage the selective communication between the asset area network and the geographically unrestricted network. In many embodiments, a selection between data communication involving a geographically restricted communication network or a geographically unrestricted communication network occurs automatically in a manner that depends upon asset location, type(s) of networks available for data communication, data characteristics, and network billing characteristics and/or network billing characteristics.

Generally, the cost of using a geographically unrestricted or unlimited network (e.g., a global satellite communication network such as the Iridium satellite communication network) for data communication is significantly higher than the cost of data communication by way of a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM network). In many embodiments, a geographically restricted network is automatically, or generally automatically, detected and/or selected for use in data communication between different control systems, more specifically between a container control system and a central control station, whenever said geographically restricted network is available. In general, the ability to control, selectively determine, or select, a type of network used for data communication facilitates management (e.g., reduction) of communication costs.

In many embodiments, data communication between the container control system and the central control station occurs via a geographically restricted network when the container 1s within range of the geographically restricted network (e.g., when the container is on land, loaded onto a container ship at port, or aboard ship yet sufficiently close to port or land for reliable communication with the geographically restricted network). In multiple embodiments, when the container is beyond the range of a geographically restricted network (e.g, when the container is at sea), the container control system transfers container-related data to the ship control system, which periodically communicates with the central control station (e.g., approximately 1 — 3 times per day in the absence of a container state exception) using a geographically unrestricted network. Data can be transmitted from a set of container control systems to the ship control system via a ship- based (or local) asset area network, before selective onward transmission from the ship control system to the central control station by way of the geographically unrestricted network.

The ability to selectively control data communication such that a central control station receives data from (1) one or more container control systems in accordance with a first data communication interval, periodicity, or frequency when the container control systems are within communication range of a geographically restricted network (e.g., on or proximate to land); or (2) an asset area network in accordance with a second data communication interval, periodicity, or frequency (that is less than the first data communication frequency) when the container control systems are beyond the range of a geographically restricted network (e.g., at sea) can lower or dramatically reduce data communication costs associated with geographically unrestricted network use.

Depending upon embodiment details, at least one data communication parameter can be controlled, selected, or selectively determined based upon a network over which data communication can or is intended to occur. Data communication parameters can include one or more of data communication frequency (i.e., time interval), data nature or type, data priority, data volume, and data communication speed. In several embodiments, one or more data communication parameters are controlled or selected based upon a location of a container under consideration in view of communication network availability.

In various embodiments, an appropriate selection of when data communication occurs (e.g, in accordance with a communication interval, periodicity, or frequency) between the ship control system and the central control station can reduce geographically unrestricted network usage time. Additionally, an appropriate selection of a type or relevance of data transmitted can reduce a volume of data communicated by minimizing the communication of less relevant or redundant data, which can again reduce geographically unrestricted network usage time. Limiting geographically unrestricted network use to the infrequent or less frequent communication of small or generally small amounts or volumes of relevant or most relevant data can facilitate significant or dramatic data communication cost reduction.

Particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 14, in which like or analogous elements or features are shown numbered with like or analogous reference numerals. Relative to descriptive material corresponding to one or more of FIG. 1 to FIG. 14, the recitation of a given reference numeral can indicate the simultaneous consideration of a FIG. in which such a reference numeral is also shown. The embodiments provided by the present disclosure are not precluded from other applications (e.g., asset transport) in which particular fundamental principles present among the various embodiments described herein, such as methological and/or functional characteristics, are desired.

Data Communication Networks

Many embodiments of the present disclosure relate to data communication networks or systems used in association with container transport, more specifically container shipping such as by way of ocean routes. In various embodiments, at least one type of container that can be shipped is a refrigerated container (or “reefer” container).

FIG. 1 is a representative diagram illustrating a data communication network or system 10 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, such a data communication network 10 includes a number of different control systems (also known as control stations, control modules, and control units). In many embodiments, the data communication network 10 includes at least one container control system 100 carried by a container 20; a ship control system 200; a central or remote control station 300; and a number of user control stations 400, for instance approximately 1, 10, 20, 50, or more user control stations 400. As further described below, the container control system(s) 100, the ship control system 200, the central or remote control station 300, and/or the number of user control station(s) 400 can be configured for selective signal communication depending upon the availability of a geographically restricted network such as a

GSM/GPRS network and a geographically unrestricted network such as a satellite communication network (e.g., the Iridium satellite communication network).

Container control system 100

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a representative container control system 100, and FIG. 3 shows a partial side view of a container 20 carrying the container control system 100, in accordance with particular embodiments of the present disclosure. In many embodiments, the container control system 100 includes a network communication unit 105 (also known as a network management unit or a network interface unit). In numerous embodiments, the network communication unit 105 includes a number of communication modules, which can include a global positioning system (GPS) module 110, a GSM (global system for mobile communication) and/or GPRS (general packet radio service) module 115, and a container area or local network module 120.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the network communication unit 105 includes a GPS module 110. The GPS module 110 includes a GPS signal receiver. GPS is a United States space-based global navigation satellite system that provides positioning, navigation, and timing services to users globally. GPS operates on a continuous basis anywhere on, or near, Earth that has an unobstructed view of four or more GPS satellites.

GPS is made up of three segments: Space, Control and User. The Space Segment includes 24 to 32 satellites in medium earth orbit. The Control Segment includes a Master Control

Station, an Alternate Master Control Station, and a host of dedicated and shared Ground

Antennas and Monitor Stations. The User Segment includes hundreds of thousands users of the GPS service (e.g, United States and allied military, civil, commercial, and scientific, users). GPS satellites broadcast signals from space, the signals being used by each GPS receiver use to determine and provide three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) to the users.

GSM/GPRS Network

In many embodiments, the container control system 100 further includes a GSM/GPRS module 115. The GSM/GPRS module 115 includes a set of GSM/GPRS communication devices or elements that facilitate or enable data communication between the container control system 100 and the central control system 300 when the container control system 100, more specifically the GSM or GPRS module 115 of the container control system 100, can establish communication with or is within range of the GSM/GPRS network.

GSM is generally considered to be the most popular standard for mobile telephone systems, and is used by over 3 billion people globally. Signaling and speech channels of

GSM are digital, and hence GSM is considered to be a second generation (2G) network system. GPRS is a newer version of, or addition to, GSM, which provides standard added packet data capabilities.

GSM is a cellular network, which means that communication between cells (e.g., two or more control systems) requires the cells to be in the vicinity of each other, more specifically within signal range of each other. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network, namely macro, micro, pico, femto, and umbrella cells. Each cell’s horizontal radius (i.e., horizontal network range) varies depending on antenna height, antenna gain, and propagation conditions, and varies from several hundred meters (m) to several tens of kilometers (km). The modulation used in GSM 1s Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), which is a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying.

ZigBee

In addition to the foregoing, the network communication unit 105 can further include a local network module or modem 120 for coupling to, or establishing communication with, the ship control system 200. In various embodiments, the local module 120 includes a

ZigBee module, which includes a set of ZigBee devices or elements configured to communicate with the ship control system 200 by way of a ZigBee network.

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANSs). ZigBee is typically specifically directed to radio-frequency (RF) applications that re require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.

Generally there are three different types of ZigBee devices, namely a ZigBee coordinator, a ZigBee router, and a ZigBee End Device. The ZigBee coordinator forms the root of the network tree and might bridge to other networks. The ZigBee router can run an application function and act as an intermediate router for communicating data between devices, systems, units, modules, or stations. Several embodiments of the disclosure include a set of ZigBee routers that form portions of the container area network, as further described below with reference to FIG. 7. The ZigBee End device communicates with a parent node (either the coordinator or the router).

As shown in FIG. 2, the container control system 100 can also include a processing unit 125 (or processor); a data or information capture unit 130 (also known as a data input unit or a data sensor unit); and a data storage unit 135. In many embodiments, the container control system 100 further includes a memory 140 in which an operating system and a set of program instructions or portions of an application program can reside. The program instructions can be directed to managing the acquisition of container state signals or data.

The processing unit 125 includes one or more processors (e.g, one or more microprocessors and/or micro-controllers) capable of executing stored program instructions. The memory 140 includes one or more types of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, such as a register set, Random Access Memory (RAM), and Read Only Memory (ROM). The data storage unit 135 can include one or more types of fixed data storage devices or elements, and/or a set of removable data storage devices or elements and storage media corresponding thereto. For instance, the data storage unit 135 can include a flash memory card or a USB flash drive.

In many embodiments, the data capture unit 130 includes, or is coupled to, a set of sensors 145 and an RFID tracking module 150 (also known as an RFID tracking unit, tracer module, or tracer unit). In selected embodiments, the data capture unit 130 further includes an image capture module 155 (e.g., a camera or video camera) for capturing images of an interior of a container. The set of sensors 145 includes at least one sensor 145 (e.g., one, two, three, five, ten, or more sensors) configured or programmed for sensing or capturing a number of container state parameters. Examples of container state parameters include temperature, light intensity, pressure, and humidity of a container. In addition, container state parameters can include the presence and/or level of radioactivity, and/or presence of motion within a container. In many embodiments, at least one container state parameter is captured by the set of sensors 145, and subsequently provided or transmitted to the data capture unit 130.

In several embodiments, the RFID tracking module 150 includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or label 170 (e.g, a RFID seal) and a RFID reader or interrogator 175 (as shown in FIG. 4). The RFID reader 175 reads or receives data that is captured or sensed by the RFID tag 170. Generally, RFID tags include an integrated circuit for capturing, storing, and/or processing data or information, as well as for modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal. In addition, RFID tags typically include an antenna (or an equivalent transceiver) for receiving and transmitting the RF signal.

In several embodiments, the RFID tag 170 and the RFID reader 175 are based on

ISO18185 standard as defined or set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO18185 generally defines the standards for transport safety devices.

Accordingly, in several embodiments, the RFID tag 170 and the RFID reader 175 used with the container control system 100 can operate (i.e., can be used) internationally.

FIG. 4 shows the RFID tag 170, and FIG. 5A and 5B show the RFID tag 170 when carried by, or fitted to, a lock mechanism 165 that is carried by a side of the container 20, as according to particular embodiments of the present disclosure. In many embodiments, the

RFID tag 170 is shaped and configured to function as a portion of a securing mechanism, means, or tool for the container 20. For instance, in various embodiments, the RFID tag 170 is shaped and configured to function as part of an electronic seal or lock for the container 20. In some embodiments, the RFID tag 170 can be embedded in an existing container’s mechanical lock securing structure (e.g, lock fitting). In selected embodiments, the RFID tag 170 can be designed and/or configured for one-time use only, and is disposable.

As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5B, the RFID tag 170 can include a body 180 and a fastener or clamp 185 that is couplable to the body 180. More specifically, the body 180 includes an opening, channel, or hole 190 formed therewithin, the opening 190 being shaped and dimensioned to accommodate at least part of the clamp 185. In addition, in several embodiments, the body 180 includes a barcode 195 (e.g., S/N barcode) for facilitating an identification of the RFID tag 170. The coupling of the body 180 and the clamp 185 helps to secure the RFID tag 170 to the lock mechanism 165 at the side of the container 20. 5S The RFID reader 175 can detect a breach of the container 20 in response to removal or displacement of the RFID tag 170 from the container 20. In many embodiments, the RFID reader 175 receives signals from the RFID tag 170 and relays said signals to the container control system’s data capture unit 130. In selected embodiments, the RFID reader 175 can be further programmed or configured to read RFID tags of merchandise carried by said container 20. Accordingly, in selected embodiments, the RFID reader 175 can receive or capture merchandise data, and relay said captured merchandise data to the data capture unit 130 of the container control system 100.

In some embodiments, the RFID tag 170, for instance, the barcode 195 of the RFID tag 170, can be correlated with a separate container identification (ID) (not shown) and/or said container’s manifest identification (ID) (not shown) for enhancing tracking of the container 20 and/or security for said container 20.

As previously described, each of the RFID tracking module 150 and the set of sensors 145 can transmit or provide data or information to the data capture unit 130. In numerous embodiments, the data storage unit 130 stores or records data. For purposes of the present disclosure, data or information received or captured by the data capture unit 130 that is not processed can be referred to as raw data. In several embodiments, the processing unit 125 can process and/or analyze (e.g, by way of program instruction execution) at least a portion of the raw data received from or captured by the data capture unit 130.

In various embodiments, communication between a particular container control system 100 and the central control system 300 occurs by way of a geographically restricted network when the GSM/GPRS module 115 indicates that the container 20 under consideration is within range of or can reliably access the geographically restricted network. This is to say, a geographically restricted network is used for data communication between the container control system 100 and the central control system 300 when said geographically restricted network is available (e.g., when a GSM/GPRS signal above a predetermined minimum signal strength threshold is detected). Thus, the container control system 100 can transmit at least a portion of the raw data and/or processed data to the central control system 300 by way of communication between the

GSM/GPRS module 115 and the geographically restricted network when the container control system 100 is within range of the geographically restricted network.

When the container control system 100 cannot establish communication or reliable signal exchange with the geographically restricted network, the local network module 120 communicates data to the ship control system 200 by way of the container area network.

In multiple embodiments, the container control system 100 automatically selects data communication by way of the GSM/GPRS module 115 when it is within range of the geographically restricted network, and automatically selects data communication over the container area network by way of the local network module 120 when it is beyond a geographically restricted network’s reliable communication distance. Such automatic network selection can reduce network communication costs.

Ship Control System 200

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a representative ship control system 200 as according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The ship control system 200 is configured for signal communication by way of the container area network with container control systems 100 that reside on ship, and is further configured for selective communication with the central control system 300 by way of a geographically unrestricted network.

Thus, the ship control system 200 is configured to receive or retrieve data or information from container control systems 100, and selectively transmit, send, or report data or information to the central control system 300. In various embodiments, the ship control system 200 includes a network communication unit 205 (also referred to as a network management unit), a processing unit 240, a data storage unit 250, and a memory 255 in which a reporting module 260 and a data management module 265 resides.

The network communication unit 205 includes hardware and/or software components. In many embodiments, the network communication unit 205 includes a local modem 210 (e.g, a ZigBee modem), a satellite antenna 220 (e.g., an Iridium satellite antenna), a satellite modem 225 (e.g, an Iridium satellite modem), a local server 230 (e.g, a Mermaid™ Gateway Sever), and a GPS receiver 235. In various embodiments, the local modem 210, the satellite antenna 220, the satellite modem 225, the local server 230, and the GPS receiver 235 can each be located proximate to, on, or in the bridge 40 of the ship 30. The local modem 210 can be configured to receive data from the container control systems 100 by way of a set of routers, as further detailed hereafter with additional reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 1s a representative schematic diagram of a ship 30 (or container ship) that carries or includes the ship control system 200, a number of containers 20, and a container area network. As indicated in FIG. 7, the container area network includes a number of ship- based local routers 50 (e.g., ZigBee routers) configured for signal or data transfer between the container control systems 100 and the ship control system 200, more specifically the network communication unit 205 and the local server 230. The local routers 50 can be positioned at particular locations within the ship 30, for instance in spaces between rows of containers 20 carried onboard the ship 30 (e.g., below deck and/or above deck), in a manner that supports reliable data communication between container control systems 100 and the ship control system 200.

In many embodiments, the satellite antenna 220 and satellite modem 225 are configured, positioned, and/or programmed for facilitating data communication between the ship control system 200 and the central control system 300. More specifically, the satellite antenna 220 and satellite modem 225 are configured, positioned, and/or programmed for facilitating data communication between the ship control system 200 and the central control system 300 via a geographically unrestricted network such as a satellite communication network (e.g., the Iridium satellite communication network). In several embodiments, the satellite antenna 220 can be located at the top, or generally near the top, of the ship’s bridge 40.

Iridium Satellite Communication

The Iridium satellite network is a mobile satellite service that provides truly global, gap- free, pole-to-pole, complete coverage of the earth (including oceans, airways, and polar regions). Iridium’s constellation of 66 low-earth orbiting cross-linked satellites provides voice and data communication services anywhere in the world, needing only a clear line of sight to the sky (space). Voice and data communication can be routed among the fully meshed network of satellites, thus creating a secure and reliable global communication network. The Iridium satellite service is considered to be ideally suited for industrial applications such as heavy construction, defense/military, emergency services, maritime, mining, transportation, oil and gas, and aviation.

In various embodiments, the ship control system 200 can configure the satellite modem 225 and/or satellite antenna 220 to support or enable (e.g., by switching to an active or “on” state) data communication between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 by way of a geographically unrestricted network when a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM network) is not available.

In several embodiments, the ship control system’s network communication unit 205 can interrupt, cease, terminate, or prevent data communication between the ship control system 200 and a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., the Iridium satellite network) when a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM network) is available for data communication between the container control systems 100 and the central control station 300. In certain embodiments, when containers 20 are within range of the geographically restricted network, the ship control system’s local modem 215 and/or the local routers 50 can remain a quiescent or unused state. In other embodiments, even when a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., the Iridium network) is available, the ship control system 200 can continue to periodically receive or retrieve container state data from containers 20 by way of the container area network, in which case the local modem 215 and/or the local routers 50 can remain at least periodically active.

Referring again to FIG 6, the ship control system 200 further includes a processing unit 240 that 1s configured or programmed for processing data and a data storage unit 250. The ship control system 200 further includes a memory 255 or memory unit. In many embodiments, the ship control system 200 includes a reporting module 260 and a data receiving, retrieving, and/or management module 265 (hereinafter referred to as a data management module 265). In some embodiments, the reporting module 260 includes program instructions for controlling transmission of data from the ship control system 200. In several embodiments, the memory 255 carries portions of operating system and portions of one or more application programs.

The processing unit 240 includes one or more processors (e.g., at least one microprocessor and/or microcontroller) capable of executing stored program instructions. The data storage unit 250 includes one or more types of fixed and/or removable data storage devices or elements, as well as storage media corresponding thereto. For instance, the data storage unit 250 can include a hard disk drive, a DVD or CD-ROM drive, and/or a

USB flash drive. The memory 255 includes one or more types of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, such as a register set, Random Access Memory (RAM), and Read

Only Memory (ROM).

In many embodiments, the ship control system’s processing unit 240 is configured or programmed to process data received or retrieved by the data management module 265.

For instance, in several embodiments, the processing unit 240 processes received and/or retrieved data by executing program instructions corresponding to the data management module 265.

For purposes of the present disclosure, the communication or transmission of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control system 300 is hereinafter referred to as a reporting of data or a reporting event. In many embodiments, a reporting event occurs by way of a geographically unrestricted network. In many embodiments, reporting events can be managed, controlled, selected, or selectively determined. In several embodiments, a reporting event can be managed, controlled, selected, or selectively determined depending at least in part upon an output or result that is based upon or derived from the data management module’s processing of received or retrieved data.

In several embodiments, at least one of period, interval, or frequency of reporting events and type or relevancy of data reported is at least partially dependent upon a location of one or more containers 20 under consideration, and/or a network available for data communication. Further details of embodiments relating to reporting events and the control thereof are provided below.

Central Control Station 300

FIG. 8 is a representative schematic diagram of the central control station 300 as according to particular embodiments of the present disclosure.

The central control station 300 is configured for signal communication with the container control system 100 and the ship control system 200. More specifically, in numerous embodiments, the central control station 300 is configured to support communication with the container control system 100 by way of a geographically restricted network (e.g., a

GSM or GPRS network) and communication with the ship control system 200 by way of a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., a satellite communication network).

As shown in FIG. 8, the central control station 300 includes a network communication unit 305 (also known as a network interface unit or a network management unit 305) that is configured, positioned, and/or programmed for facilitating data communication with container control systems 100 and ship control systems 200. In many embodiments, the network communication unit 305 includes a GSM or GPRS receiver 310 and a satellite antenna 315 (e.g., an Iridium satellite antenna) for receiving data or information (i.e., data signals) via the GSM network and satellite communication network, respectively.

In addition, in many embodiments, the network communication unit 305 further supports data communication with a number of user control stations 350, systems, or units (e.g, individual users’ or companies’ computing systems). For instance, in several embodiments, the network communication unit 305 includes a local network server or terminal 320 for facilitating data communication with at least one user control station(s) 350.

The central control station 300 includes a processing unit, a data storage unit 330, and a memory 335 in which an operating system and/or one or more portions of an application program reside. The processing unit 325 includes one or more processors (e.g., at least one microprocessor and/or microcontroller) capable of executing stored program instructions. The data storage unit 330 includes one or more types of fixed and/or removable data storage devices or elements, as well as storage media corresponding thereto. For instance, the data storage unit 330 can include a hard disk drive, a DVD or

CD-ROM drive, and/or a USB flash drive. The memory 335 includes one or more types of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, such as a register set, Random Access Memory (RAM), and Read Only Memory (ROM).

In several embodiments, the processing unit 325 of the central control station 300 is configured and/or programmed for processing data or information received from container control systems 100 and/or one or more ship control system 200. In several embodiments, the processing of data involves statistical calculation or analysis of data received from container control systems 100 and/or ship control systems 200.

In addition, in numerous embodiments, the data storage unit 330 is configured and/or programmed for storing data or information received from container control systems 100 and/or ship control systems 200, in at least one of a raw (unprocessed) form and a processed form. In some embodiments, the processing and/or storage of data involve updating an existing database (e.g., portions of which can reside upon the data storage unit 330).

Data Communication Processes

Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to data communication between at least two control systems, stations, units, and/or modules, for instance, at least two of the container control system 100, the ship control system 200, the central control station 300, and the user control station(s) 350. More specifically, many embodiments relate to methods or processes for managing or controlling data communication between container control systems 100 and the central control station 300 or the ship control system 200.

For purposes of the present disclosure, references to communication of data in the following description include capture, sensing, receipt, and/or retrieval of data by a control system (e.g., the container control systems 100, the ship control system 200, the central control station 300, or the user control station 350) and transmission or reporting of data from said control system. In many embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of data communication interval, period, or frequency of data communication; data type, nature, or relevancy; data volume, and speed of data communication can be managed or controlled (e.g., selected and varied) based upon a location of one or more containers 20 under consideration, as well as the availability of a given network for data communication.

Data Communication to the Central Control Station 300

FIG. 9 illustrates aspects of data communication between a container control system 100 and the central control station 300 when a container 20 carrying the container control system 100 is on land or at port. FIG. 10 illustrates aspects of data communication between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 when a container 20 carrying the container control system 100 is at sea.

Processes for Data Communication Using Container Control System 100

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a representative process 400 for communicating data or information using the container control system 100. In a first process portion 410, data 1s captured, sensed, or received by the container control system 100, more specifically by the data capture unit 130.

Such data capture can involve one or more of the set of sensors 145, the RFID tracking module 150, and the image capture module 155. The tracking module 150 facilitates capture of RFID related container data. The set of sensors 145 is configured to capture a number of container state parameters, for example temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity, presence and/or level of radioactivity, and/or presence of movement within the container 20. In addition, the image capture module 155 is configured to capture an image (e.g, an infrared or visible spectrum image) of an interior of the container 20 (e.g, merchandise carried by the container 20).

In some embodiments, the data capture unit 130 captures one or more types of container- related data on a regular, preprogrammed, or programmably specified basis. For instance, the data capture unit 130 can capture container state parameters every 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, or some other time interval. In other embodiments, at least one of the frequency (i.e., time interval) of data capture by the data capture unit 130 and the type, nature, or relevancy of data captured by the data capture unit 130 can be selected or varied, for instance depending upon data communication network availability ora location of the container 20.

A second process portion 420 can involve processing of captured data or information by the container control system’s processing unit 125. In many embodiments, at least a portion of the stored program instructions are executed for processing the data captured by the data capture unit 130.

In a third process portion 430, data is stored or recorded in the data storage unit 135. More specifically, in many embodiments, at least a portion of the data captured by the data capture unit 130 is stored in the data storage unit 135. In some embodiments, the processing and storage of data in the process portions 420 and 430 involve updating a database of the data storage unit 135. In particular embodiments, at least portion of the data captured by the data capture unit 130 can be discarded during, or after, the second process portion 420.

In a fourth process portion 440, the container control system 100 transmits data. In many embodiments, data transmission from the container control system 100 depends upon network availability for data communication, or the location of a container 20 under consideration. More specifically, the container control system 100 is configured for transmitting data by way of a geographically restricted network or a container area network depending upon whether the geographically restricted network is available for data communication. For instance, if the container control system’s GSM module 115 determines that a detected GSM network signal strength is suitable for reliable communication, the GSM module 115 can transmit captured container data to the central control station 300 by way of the GSM network. Alternatively, if the GSM module 115 fails to detect a GSM network signal, or a GSM network signal that exceeds a minimum acceptable signal strength, the container’s local network module 120 can transmit capture container data to the ship control system 200 by way of the on-ship container area network. The container area network’s on-ship local routers 50, local modem 210, and local sever 230 are positioned, configured, and/or programmed for facilitating container control system — ship control system communication.

In numerous embodiments, the container control system’s network management unit 105 is configured for automatically, or generally automatically, selecting data transmission by way of a geographically restricted network, for example a GSM network when the container 20 under consideration is within range of the geographically restricted network (e.g, as detected or determined at least in part by the container control system’s

GSM/GPRS module 110). In various embodiments, the container control system’s network management unit 105 is configured for automatically selecting data transmission by way of the container area network when a container 20 under consideration is not within range of a geographically restricted network (i.e., when a geographically restricted network is not available for data communication). The automatic, or generally automatic, selection and use of a geographically restricted network at times when a container 20 under consideration is located within range of said geographically restricted network facilitates or effects control of, and more specifically a reduction in, communication costs.

In certain situations, data can be transmitted from the container control system 100 to each of the central control station 300 via a geographically restricted network such as a GSM network and the ship control system 200 via the container area network sequentially or simultaneously. The transmission of data to both the central control station 300 and the ship control system 200 enables data receipt or collection by two different control systems for facilitating duplicate processing and/or storage of data, and can hence increase the reliability and/or accuracy in container tracking and/or container state monitoring.

As above-mentioned, in many embodiments, communication of data can be managed or controlled. This is to say at least one of data capture by the container control system 100, more specifically the data capture unit 130 and data transmission from the container control system 100 can be managed or controlled. In many embodiments, the management or control of data communication using the container control system 100 can be dependent upon a number of factors as described below. For instance, the frequency (i.e, time interval) of data capture by, and data transmission from, the container control system 100 can be managed or controlled (e.g., selected and/or varied). In addition, in selected embodiments, the type, nature, and/or relevancy of data captured by, and transmitted from, the container control system 100 can be managed or controlled (e.g., selected and/or varied) depending upon a number of factors as described below.

Processes for Data Communication Using Ship Control System 200

FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a representative process or method 500 for communicating data or information using the ship control system 200 in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In a first process portion 510, data is received or retrieved by the ship control system 200, more specifically by the data management module 265. In other words, data transmitted from a number of container control systems 100 (e.g., a number of container data sets) is received by the ship control system 200 in the first process portion 510.

In many embodiments, data transmission from the container control systems 100 to the ship control system 200 occurs when the container(s) 20 under consideration are located out of range of a geographically restricted network and hence a geographically restricted network 1s unavailable for data communication. As above described, data transmission from the container control systems 100 to the ship control system 200 occurs via the container area network, with the use of the local router 50, local modem 210, and local server 230.

Generally, each transport vessel (here a container ship) carries many containers 20, for instance, at least approximately 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 or more containers 20.

Accordingly, the ship control system 200 can communicate with multiple containers 20, more specifically with multiple container control systems 100, for receiving and/or retrieving data therefrom.

A second process portion 520 involves processing the data (or container data set(s)) received by the ship control system 200. In many embodiments, the processing unit 240 executes stored program instructions to process the received or retrieved data. The processing of container related data facilitates the detection or determination of the presence of one or more exception conditions or exceptions corresponding to one or more containers. In many embodiments, the detection of the presence of exceptions triggers or initiates a separate process of exception handling or exception reporting 600 (as shown in

FIG. 13). Further description of an exception reporting process 600 will be provided below.

In a third process portion 530, a database on the data storage unit 250 is updated. In many embodiments, the data storage unit 250 stores data received or retrieved from the container control system 100, for instance data relating to one or more container state parameters (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, light intensity, and presence and/or level of radioactivity).

A fourth process portion 540 involves determination or selection of a number of data transmission parameter(s). In other words, the fourth process portion 540 involves the determination of a number of parameter(s) in response to which data transmission is initiated. In many embodiments, the fourth process portion 540 involves determining container state parameter(s) and/or transmission (or reporting) intervals at which data transmission from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 occurs.

For purposes of the present disclosure, transmission of data from the ship control system 5S 200 to the central control station 300 can interchangeably be referred to as a reporting of data, or a reporting event. A fifth process portion 550 involves the transmission of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 by way of a geographically unrestricted network. The fifth process portion 550 occurs when the container(s) 20 under consideration are located out of range of a geographically restricted network.

In many embodiments, the reporting of data by the ship control station 200 to the central control station 300 occurs upon satisfying, reaching, or detecting particular data reporting parameters (e.g., container state parameter(s) and/or reporting interval(s)) as determined in the fourth process portion 540. When the data reporting parameters are not reached or detected, a reporting event is not triggered (i.e., data is not reported by the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300).

In numerous embodiments, the data reporting parameters, more specifically the container state parameter(s) and/or reporting intervals(s), can be controlled, selected, or determined, for instance to manage, and more specifically to reduce, communication costs.

Reporting Based Upon Container State (Container State Parameter)

In many embodiments, a reporting event is triggered or initiated upon satisfying a particular container state parameter, or multiple container state parameter(s), as determined in the fourth process portion 540. In representative examples, a reporting event can be triggered when the temperature of a container 20, or a set of containers 20, reaches a predetermined temperature, for example approximately -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, or 20°C, or is within a predetermined temperature range, for example between approximately -20°C and 0°C or 0°C and 20°C.

Reporting Based Upon Reaching a Reporting Interval

In many embodiments, a reporting event is triggered or initiated upon reaching a reporting interval as determined in the fourth process portion 540. Non-exhaustive examples of reporting intervals include, but are not limited to, time intervals of approximately 1 hour, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours (1 day), 2 days, or a longer duration. In representative embodiments, regular reporting intervals can be, for instance, 1 — 3 reporting events per day.

In many embodiments, the container state parameter and/or reporting interval at which data reporting is triggered or initiated can be managed or controlled, for instance selected and/or varied, depending a number of factors. In several embodiments, the factors controlling, or affecting, container state parameter(s) and/or reporting interval for initiating data reporting can be similar to the factors controlling, or affecting management or control of data communication using the container control system 100.

A sixth process portion 560 involves updating or amending subsequent data reporting parameters. In some embodiments, updating of subsequent data reporting parameters can be dependent, or least partially dependent upon whether a previous reporting parameter was reached. In other words, in some embodiments, updating of data reporting parameters can be dependent upon the type or value of data previously reported and/or time interval of previous data reporting. In selected embodiments, data reporting parameters can be altered or adjusted during travel of the ship 30 (e.g., during shipping of containers 20 between two ports of call).

Factors Controlling, or Affecting, Data Communication by the Container Control System 100 and/or the Ship Control System 200

In many embodiments, the frequency of data communication, the type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated, and/or speed of data communication can be controlled or managed, for example selected, selectively determined, and/or varied, depending on a number of factors as described below.

Network Availability

In many embodiments of the present disclosure, communication of data between control systems, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 is dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon the type of network that is available for data communication, or the location of containers 20 under consideration. In general, the location of a container 20 can determine the type of network that is available for data communication, and hence the type of network used for data communication.

In many embodiments, the container control system 100 uses a geographically restricted network, for example a GSM network, for data communication with the central control station 300 when a container 20 under consideration is located within range of the geographically restricted network. When a container 20 under consideration is located out of range of a geographically restricted network, the container control system 100 uses the container area network, hence the local router 50, local modem 210, and the local sever 230 to transmit data to the ship control system 200. The ship control system 200 reports data to the central control station 200 by way of a geographically unrestricted network.

In multiple embodiments, the frequency of data transmitted to the central control station 300 is lower, or substantially lower, when a container 20 under consideration is located out range of a geographically restricted network (i.e., when a geographically restricted network is not available for data communication). In several embodiments, the frequency of data transmission (or data reporting) from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using a geographically unrestricted network is lower, significantly lower, or dramatically lower than the frequency of data transmission from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network.

In several embodiments, the frequency of data transmission to the central control station 300 decreases by at least approximately 20% when a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM network) is unavailable for data communication, and hence a geographically unrestricted network (e.g, a satellite communication network) is used for data communication. In various embodiments, the frequency of data transmission to the central control station 300 decreases by at least approximately 40 % when a geographically restricted network is unavailable for data communication, and hence a geographically unrestricted network is used for data communication. In selected embodiments, the frequency of data transmission to the central control station 300 decreases by at least approximately 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or more, when a geographically restricted network is unavailable for data communication, and hence a geographically unrestricted network is used for data communication.

In various embodiments, the decrease in the frequency of data transmission to the central control station 300 when a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM network) is unavailable for data communication, and hence a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., a satellite communication network) is used for data communication, is automatically selected by the ship control system 200.

Generally, data communication using a geographically unrestricted network such as a satellite communication network is significantly more expensive than data communication via a geographically restricted network. According, a decrease in the frequency of data communication when a container 20 under consideration is located outside the range of a geographically restricted network can facilitate control or management, more specifically reduction, of communication costs.

In addition, in particular embodiments, decreasing the frequency of data communication when a container 20 under consideration is not within range of a geographically restricted network, for instance when said container 20 is out at sea, can help to increase a container system’s battery (or alternative power source) lifespan, particularly when shipping of said container 20 requires a significant length of time (e.g., more than one month).

In various embodiments, the type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated can be selected and/or varied based at least partially upon the type of network available for data communication, or the location of a container 20 under consideration. In a representative example, data relating to multiple container state parameters, more specially data relating to each of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and light intensity, is communicated from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network when a container 20 under consideration is located within range of said geographically restricted network, for instance when said container 20 1s at port. In said representative example, when the container 20 is located out of range of the geographically restricted network (i.e., when the geographically restricted network is not available), only a selected portion of data, for instance only selected type(s) of data (e.g, data relating to container temperature), is communicated using a geographically unrestricted network. In other words, only a selected portion of data is transmitted or reported from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using the geographically unrestricted network.

Representative examples illustrating control of frequency (i.e., time interval) of data communication and/or type, nature, or relevancy of data being communicated based upon a type of network available for data communication (or the location of a container 20 under consideration) are shown in Table 1 and 2 below.

Table 1: Frequency of Communication of a Specified Set of Data Based Network

Availability

On Land At Sea (i.e., data communication (i.e., data communication using a geographically using a geographically restricted network) unrestricted network)

Frequency of 2 times / hour 1 time / day

Communicating a

Specified Set of Data

Table 2: Type of Data Communicated, and Frequency of Data Communication,

Based Upon Network Availability

On Land At Sea (i.e., data communication using a (i.e., data communication using a geographically restricted network) geographically restricted network)

Type of Data Data relating to temperature, Data relating to temperature

Communicated relative humidity, pressure, and light Intensity

Frequency of Data 1 time / hour 1 time / day

Ce

Container State (Container State Parameter(s))

In some embodiments, communication of data between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300, is dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon container state, more specifically upon one or more container state parameters. Container state parameters include, but are not limited to, temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity, and presence and/or level of radioactivity.

In several embodiments, at least one of frequency (ie., time interval) of data communication, type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated, and speed of data communication is at least partially dependent upon at least one container state parameter, for example temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity, and presence and/or level of radioactivity of a container 20 under consideration.

In a representative example, the transmission of data from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using the geographically restricted network, or the reporting of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using the geographically unrestricted network, occurs, or is initiated, when the temperature of a container(s) 20 under consideration reaches a specified temperature, for instance at least approximately -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, or 20°C.

In another representative example, the transmission of data from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using the geographically restricted network, or the reporting of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using the geographically unrestricted network, occurs, or is initiated, when the relative humidity within a container 20 reaches a specified value, for example at least approximately 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80%.

In some embodiments, transmission of data to the central control station 300 and/or the ship control system 200 occurs, or is initiated, when two or more container state parameters are detected, reached, or exceeded.

In several embodiments, the frequency of data communication and/or type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated is between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300, is dependent, or at least partially dependent, at least one container state parameter.

For instance, in some embodiments, the frequency of data transmission from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network, or from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300, increases, for example by at least approximately 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or more, with a corresponding increase in temperature of one or more containers 20 under consideration, for instance when a container 20 is at a temperature of at least approximately -20°C, - 10°C, 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, or more.

In selected embodiments, the frequency of data transmission from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network, or from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300, increases, for example by at least approximately 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or more, with a corresponding increase in relative humidity of a containers 20 under consideration, for instance when the container 20 under consideration is of a relative humidity of at least approximately 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or more.

In various embodiments, the type of data being transmitted from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 is selected or selectively determined based at least partially upon one or more conditioner state parameters in view of communication network availability.

Representative examples illustrating control of frequency (i.e, time interval) of data transmission to the central control station 300 based upon the temperature and humidity of a container 20 under consideration is shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Frequency of Data Transmission to the Central Control Station Based Upon

Temperature and Relative Humidity

Temperatures Frequency of Data | Relative Frequency of Data 0) Transmission to the | Humidity Transmission to the central control station central control station

Value of Container

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, communication of data between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300, is dependent, or at least partially dependent, is dependent, upon value (i.e., net worth) of a container 20 under consideration, more specifically value of merchandise carried by said container 20.

In several embodiments, at least one of frequency (ie., time interval) of data communication, type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated, and speed of data communication is dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon the value of a container(s) 20 under consideration.

In some embodiments, the speed of data communication increases with increasing value of a container(s) 20 under consideration. For example, in selected embodiments, the speed of data transmitted from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network, or from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using a geographically unrestricted network, increases with increasing value of the container(s) 20 under consideration.

In a representative embodiment, data relating to each of container temperature, humidity, light intensity, and radioactivity is transmitted in associated with containers 20 onboard a ship 30 of values exceeding a specified value, for example exceeding approximately

USDS$1 million, and data relating only to container temperature is transmitted in association with other containers 20 onboard the ship 30 of values less than a specified value, for example less than approximately USD$1 million.

In several embodiments, the frequency of the data communication, for instance data communication between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 using a geographically restricted network, or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 using a geographically unrestricted network, increases with corresponding increase in the value of a container(s) 20 under consideration, more specifically value of merchandise carried by said container(s) 20. For instance, in selected embodiments, the frequency of the data communication increases, for instance by approximately 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or more, with a corresponding increase in the value of the container(s) 20.

A representative example of increases in frequency of data communication based upon 5S value of a container 20 is illustrated in Table 4 below.

Table 4: Frequency of Data Communication Based Upon Value of a Container 20

Frequency of Data

Value of Container (X)

Communication

USD$250,000 <X <

Every Other Day

USD$500,000

USD$500,000 <X <

Once per Day

USD$750,000

USD$750,000<X <

Twice per Day

USD$1,000,000

USD$1,000,000 <X Four Times per Day

Data Type

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of communication of data between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300, is dependent, or at least partially dependent, is dependent, upon type or nature of data to be communicated.

In some embodiments, data relating to container state parameter(s) is communicated more frequently as compared to data relating to location of container 20. For instance, in a representative example, data relating to container state parameter(s) is communicated hourly whereas data relating to location of container 20 is communicated daily.

In selected embodiments, data relating to different container state parameters is communicated at different frequencies (ie., time intervals). For instance, in a representative example, the temperature of a container 20 under consideration is communicated hourly, whereas the relative humidity of said container 20 is communicated daily.

A representative example illustrating variation in the frequency of data communication based upon the type of data communicated is illustrated in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Frequency of Data Communication Based Upon Type of Data

Network Availability and Container State (Container State Parameter(s))

In various embodiments, data communication between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300, can be dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon both a location (i.e., type of network available for data communication) of a container(s) 20 under consideration and one or more container state parameters of said container(s) 20 under consideration.

In various embodiments, control (e.g., determination or selection) of container state parameter(s) for initiating data communication can be further dependent upon a location of a container(s) 20 under consideration, or type of network available for data communication.

In some embodiments, stringency of selection of container state parameter(s) for initiating data transmission can be managed or controlled, for instance selected, type of network available for data communication. In various embodiments, because the use of a geographically unrestricted network for data communication is significantly more expensive, the stringency of selection of container state parameter(s) for initiating data transmission is increased.

In a representative example, when a container 20 under consideration is within range of a geographically restricted network such as a GSM network (i.e, when a geographically restricted network is available and used for data communication), data communication occurs, or is initiated, at a temperature of approximately 0°C. However, when the container 20 is located out of range of a geographically restricted network (i.e., when a geographically restricted network is no longer available for use) and data communication utilizes a geographically unrestricted network instead, the stringency for selecting temperature for initiating data communication can be increased, for instance the temperature at which data communication is initiated can be increased to approximately 205°C.

Representative examples illustrating management of data communication, more specifically initiation of data communication, based upon both type of network available and container state (1.e., one or more container state parameters) is shown in Table 6 below.

Table 6: Management of Data Communication Based Upon Container State and

Type of Network Available or Container Location

On Land At Sea

Container State (i.e., Data communication using a | (i.c., Data communication using a geographically restricted network) geographically unrestricted moze

Temperature at which data communication is 0°C 5°C initiated

Temperature at which data communication is -5°C 5°C initiated

Relative Humidity at which data 50% 70% communication is

ENE

Relative Humidity at which data 65% 75% communication is =| ~ | ~

In some embodiments, the frequency of data transmission from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300 or from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300, can be dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon both a type of network available for data communication and one or more container state parameters of said container(s) 20 under consideration.

For instance, the frequency of data communication can increase with each of a corresponding increase in container temperature and the use of a geographically restricted network for data communication.

Representative examples illustrating the selection and variation of frequency (i.e., time interval) of data communication based upon particular container state parameter(s), more specifically container temperature, as well as a type of network available for data communication are shown in Table 7 below.

Table 7: Frequency of Data Communication Based Upon Container Temperature and Container Location (Type of Network Available for Data Communication)

On Land At Sea

Temperatures (i.e., Data communication using a | (i.e., Data communication using a geographically restricted network) geographically unrestricted network)

Data communication between control systems, stations, or units, for instance between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 or between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 can be managed or controlled depending upon one or more of the factors described above. More specifically, frequency of data communication, type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated, and speed of data communication can be controlled, managed, selected, selectively determined, and varied. While representative examples of factors are provided in the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that data communication, more specifically frequency of data communication, type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated, and/or speed of data communication, can be further dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon other factors, for example weather conditions during shipping, customer(s)’s requirements, and international law and regulations, in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, while representative examples, with associated representative values and percentages, are provided by the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the present disclosure encompasses different combinations of values and/or percentages, for instance different data communication frequencies in relation to container temperature.

Exception Handling/Exception Reporting Process 600

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a representative process 600 for exception handling or exception reporting according to particular embodiments of the present disclosure. As above-mentioned, in several embodiments, the exception reporting process 600 can be performed in response to a detection of an exception or data exception during the process 500. In a first process portion 610, a number of exception parameters are determined. For purpose of the present disclosure, an exception parameter can be defined as a parameter, value, or quantity that is outside a normally acceptable range, and wherein reaching, or detection, of said parameter, value, or quantity triggers an automatic, or generally automatic, series of response steps or process portions. In general, an exception can be categorized as a critical exception, which requires immediate reporting, or a non-critical exception, which requires more frequent reporting, and possibly an immediate initial report.

In some embodiments, reporting of data (also known as a reporting event) is triggered immediately or instaneously upon reaching of an exception parameter. In said embodiments, data is reported or transmitted from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 in a second process portion 620. Reporting of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 in response to detection of an exception parameter occurs via a geographically unrestricted network.

In many embodiments, the determination of exception parameters in the first process portion 610 is controlled in consideration of communication costs involved with data communication via a geographically unrestricted network. More specifically, exception parameters can be determined or selected for reducing communication costs or for keeping within a specified communication budget. In some embodiments, the determination of the exception parameter(s) in the first process portion 610 can be further controlled or selected based at least partially upon one or more factor(s) controlling, or affecting, data communication as described above, for instance asset value.

A third process portion 630 involves recording or storing exception data. In many embodiments, the exception is recorded or stored in the data storage module 250 of the ship control system 200. In some embodiments, the recording or storing of the exception involves updating a database of the data storage module 250.

In some embodiments wherein reporting or transmission of data from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 does not occur immediately upon reach or detection of the exception or exception parameter, said exception or exception parameter can still be recorded or stored in the data storage module 250 of the ship control system 200.

Reporting of said exception or exception data that is stored in the data storage module 250 can be initiated, and performed, upon reaching of one or more of the reporting parameters as determined in the fourth process portion 540 of the process 500. For instance, reporting of said exception or exception data that is stored in the data storage module 250 can be done at predetermined time intervals (e.g., at hourly, thrice daily, twice daily, daily, or other less frequent time intervals).

In a fourth process portion 640, one or more exception parameters can be updated. In some embodiments, updating of the exception parameter(s) is dependent, or least partially dependent upon whether reporting of exception occurred immediately following reach, or detection of, the exception. In various embodiments, the exception parameter(s) can be updated, altered, or adjusted during travel of the ship 30 (i.e, during shipping of a container 20 between two ports of call). In some embodiments, exception parameters can be updated, altered, or adjusted depending upon network availability or a location of a container 20 under consideration.

Exception parameter(s) can be updated in view of managing or controlling communication costs. In some embodiments, stringency in selection or determination of exception parameter(s) can be increased for reducing the frequency of detection of exception parameter(s).

For instance, where the exception parameter is a specified temperature (e.g., 0°C), increasing the exception parameter’s specified temperature (e.g., from 0°C to 10°C) can cause a reduction in the frequency of detection of the increased temperature, and hence a corresponding reduction in the frequency of data reporting in association with the detection of the increased temperature. Therefore, increasing the stringency in selection or determination of particular exception parameters can facilitate a reduction in communication costs as said increase in the stringency of selecting exception parameters generally leads to reduced frequency and/or volume of data communication.

Data Communication By Central Control Station 300

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of a process 700 for communicating data or information using the central control station 300 in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In a first process portion 710, the central control station 300, more specifically the data input module of the central control station 300 receives or retrieves data or information from the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200. The central control station 300 is configured for receiving or retrieving data via a geographically restricted network (e.g., a GSM/GPRS network) and/or a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., a satellite communication network such as the Iridium satellite network).

In several embodiments, the central control system 300 receives or retrieves data from the container control system 100 via a geographically restricted network, for example a GSM or GPRS network, when the GSM/GPRS module 115 of the container control system 100, is within range of the GSM or GPRS network (i.e, when a geographically restricted network such as a GSM or GPRS network is available for data communication).

The central control station 300 receives or retrieves data from the ship control system 200 using a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., a satellite communication network) when a container 20 under consideration is out of range of the geographically restricted network (e.g., the GSM or GPRS network). This is to say, a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., a satellite communication network) is used for data communication between the ship control system 200 and the central control station 300 when a geographically restricted network is not available for use in data communication.

A second process portion 720 involves processing of data received or retrieved by the central control station 300. In several embodiments, the processing of data involves at least some statistical processing or analysis of the data.

In a third process portion 730, at least a portion of the data is stored or recorded in the data storage unit 330 of the central control station 300. In some embodiments, the storage or recording of data involves updating of an existing database of the data storage unit 330.

In a fourth process portion 740, data is transmitted from the central control station 300 to one or more user control station 300 (e.g., an individual’s or company’s computing system or computer).

In many embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission of data from the central control station 300 to the user control station(s) 350 can be controlled as desired. For example, the transmission of data from the central control station 300 to the user control station(s) 350 can be dependent upon one or more of the factors associated with the control of data communication using the container control system 100 and/or data transmission or reporting by the ship control system 200.

In selected embodiments, the transmission of data to a particular user control station 350 can be alternatively, or additionally, controlled depending upon signals (e.g., signals for prompting or initiating data transmission) sent to the central control station 300 by said user control station 350. This is to say, in some embodiments, the transmission of data from the central control station 300 to any particular user control station 350 can be dependent upon an input provided by said user control station 350 (or user of the said user control station 350).

Receipt of Retrieval of Data by a User control station 350

The user control station 350 is configured for communication with the central control station 300. More specifically, the user control station(s) 350 can be coupled to, or be in communication with, the central control station 300 via a geographically restricted network such as a GSM or GPRS network, a geographically unrestricted network such as a satellite communication network, a local area network (LAN), and/or a wire-based communication network.

For purposes of the present disclosure, a user can include any person with an interest in obtaining data or information relating to location and/or container state of a container 20.

For instance, a user can include an exporter or importer of at least a portion of the merchandise carried within a container 20, an end user or buyer of at least a portion of the merchandise carried within a container 20, a government authority, or a port logistics personnel.

In several embodiments, a user (or user control station 350) is able to access the data storage unit 330, or database, of the central control station 300 for retrieving data or information stored therein. In various embodiments, the data storage unit 330 the central control station 300 can be accessible as and when desired by the user.

In some embodiments, the user is able to select and/or vary a notification parameter (also known as a “notification alert” parameter) at which data is transmitted from the central control station 300 to the user control station 350. Transmission of data from the central control station 300 is triggered or initiated when the notification parameter is reached or detected. For purposes of the present disclosure, a notification or “notification alert” parameter can be defined, or generally defined, as user-specified container state parameter(s) and/or a location of a specific container 20, or specific set of containers 20.

In particular embodiments, the user is capable of selecting and/or varying the notification parameter(s). In various embodiments, the notification parameter(s) can be dependent, or at least partially dependent, upon one or more of the factors associated with the control of data communication using the container control system 100 and/or data transmission or reporting by the ship control system 200 as described above.

In a representative example, a notification parameter can be at least partially dependent upon type and/or value of merchandise carried by a container 20 of interest (e.g., container 20 carrying the user’s merchandise). For instance, where a container 20 of interest carries temperature-sensitive merchandise, the user can select a notification alert parameter to correspond to a specific container temperature (e.g., approximately -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, or 20°C) or a specific temperature range (e.g., between approximately -20°C and 0°C, or 0°C and 20°C). In said instances, a notification alert (or data) can be transmitted from the central control station 300 to the user control station 350 upon receipt, by the central control station 300, of data indicating that the container 20 of interest is of said temperature, or within said temperature range.

In some embodiments, the user is notified immediately (e.g., an alert is sent to the user or user control station 350 immediately) upon reach or detection of a notification parameter.

This 1s to say, in some embodiments, data transmission occurs immediately when a notification parameter is reached. Alternatively, the user is notified at predetermined fixed time intervals (e.g., at daily, or twice daily, intervals) after reach or detection of a notification parameter. Time intervals at which the user is provided with a notification parameter can be selected and varied, for instance, based at least partially upon type of network available for data communication and/or value of asset under consideration. Feedback/Input by Central control station 300 and/or User control station 350

In several embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the central control station 300 and the user control station 350 (e.g., the user) can provide feedback or input to the container control system 100 and/or ship control system 200. In other words, in some embodiments, at least one of the central control station 300 and the user control station 350 is programmed for controlling, or affecting, data communication by the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200. More specifically, in particular embodiments, the control, by the central control station 300 and/or the user control station 350, of data communication using the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200 is based at least partially upon data received or retrieved from the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200

In particular embodiments, the central control station 300 and/or the user control station 350 is capable of controlling, altering, and/or affecting, frequency of data communication by the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200. In selected embodiments, the central control station 300 and/or the user control station 350 is capable of controlling, altering, and/or affecting, frequency of data communication by the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200 based at least partially upon data previously received from the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200

In addition, in various embodiments, central control station 300 and/or the user control station 350 is capable of controlling, altering, and/or affecting the type of data communicated (e.g., the type of data captured, received, and/or retrieved, and the type of data transmitted) by the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200.

More specifically, in selected embodiments, the central control station 300 and/or the user control station 350 is capable of controlling, altering, and/or affecting, the type of data communicated by the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200 based at least partially upon data previously received from the container control system 100 and/or the ship control system 200

As described above, various embodiments of the present disclosure facilitate or effectuate controlled (e.g., selective) data communication between the container control system 100, the ship control system 200, the central control station 300, and/or the user control station(s) 350. The ability to control or select at least one of frequency and type of data being communicated between the container control system 100, the ship control system 200, the central control station 300, and/or the user control station(s) 350 can facilitate reduction in total volume of data communicated, and hence a reduction in cost required or incurred for said data communication. In addition, the ability to control or select at least one of frequency and type of data being communicated between the container control system 100, the ship control system 200, the central control station 300, and/or the user control station(s) 350 can prevent data overload or redundancy at the central control station 300, thereby improving reliability and/or accuracy in container tracking and/or container state monitoring.

Representative examples provided below illustrate particular aspects of representative processes for data communication as according to particular embodiments of the present disclosure.

EXAMPLE ONE

In a representative embodiment of the present disclosure, a process of data communication involves automatic and instantaneous, or generally instantaneous, selection, and use, of a geographically restricted network, for example a GSM network, for data communication 5S between container control systems 100 and the central control station 300 when a container(s) 20 under consideration is located within range of the geographically restricted network.

The process of example one uses the geographically restricted network for data communication when the containers’ network communication units 105 are located within range of the geographically restricted network. This is also to say that data communication in association with the process of example occurs via the geographically restricted network (i.e, the GSM network) whenever the geographically restricted network is available.

However, when the geographically restricted network is not available, the data is transmitted from the container control system 100 to the ship control system 200 using a container area network (or asset area network) that is based onboard the ship 30. Data is then communicated from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using a geographically unrestricted network, in accordance with regular reporting parameters and exception reporting parameters.

In the process of the example one, the frequency of data communication when using the geographically unrestricted network is substantially lower than the frequency of data communication when using the geographically restricted network. The network management unit 205 of the ship control system 200 is configured, or programmed, for effecting less frequent data communication when the geographical restricted network is not available for data communication.

In example one, the reduction in frequency of data communication when the geographical restricted network is not available for data communication (i.e., when the geographically unrestricted network is being used for data communication) is at least 50%. The decrease in frequency of data communication when using the geographically unrestricted network facilitates control or management, more specifically reduction, of communication costs.

In the process of example one, data relating to each of temperature, relative humidity, and pressure within said container(s) 20 is communicated when the geographically restricted network is available for data communication. However, when the geographically unrestricted network is used for data communication (i.e., when the geographically restricted network is not available), only data relating to temperature of said container(s) 20 is transmitted to the central control station 300 in the absence of an exception corresponding to one of relative humidity or pressure. The decrease in volume of data transmitted to the central control station 300 when the geographically unrestricted network is used also facilitates control or management, more specifically reduction, of communication costs.

In addition, when the geographically restricted network is not available for data communication and hence data communication occurs using the geographically unrestricted network, initiation of data transmission to the central control station 300 can occur under more stringent parameters.

More specifically, when the geographically restricted network is used for data transmission from the container control system 100 to the central control station 300, data transmission is initiated when the container(s) 20 under consideration is at a temperature of at least approximately 0°C. However, when the geographically restricted network is not available and hence data is first transmitted from the container control system 100 to the ship control system 200 before being subsequently transmitted from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 using the geographically unrestricted network, the initiation of data transmission can occur in response to a container’s interior reaching a temperature of at least approximately 10°C.

An increased stringency for selecting parameters at which data transmission is initiated when data communication occurs via the geographically unrestricted network results in a reduced frequency and/or volume of data transmission (e.g., data communicated to the central control system 300). This reduction in the frequency and/or volume of data transmitted to the central control station 300 facilitates management or control, more specifically reduction, of communication costs.

EXAMPLE TWO

In another representative embodiment of the present disclosure, a process for data communication involves a selection of an exception parameter. The exception parameter is a temperature in association with one or more containers 20 under consideration. With the process of example two, the exception parameter is selected as a container temperature of at least approximately 0°C.

The process of example two involves capture of data relating to temperature of said container 20 by the container’s data capture unit 130 in a continuous or frequent manner.

With the process of example two, data communication between the container control system 100 and the central control station 300 occurs continuously or frequently when a geographically restricted network is available for data communication.

However, when the geographically restricted network is not available, data is first communicated to the ship control system 200 using a container area network before being subsequently communicated to the central control station 300 using a geographically unrestricted network, in accordance with regular reporting parameters and exception reporting parameters.

With the process of example two, data communication between the container control system 100 and the ship control system 200 when the geographically restricted network is not available occurs several times per day, for instance, every 15 minutes. The communication of temperature data for the container(s) 20 under consideration from the ship control system 200 to the central control station 300 occurs at a frequency of one time per day in the absence of an exception parameter being reached, triggered, or satisfied.

When data received by the ship control system 200 indicates that the container 20 under consideration has reached a temperature of approximately 0°C, an exception reporting event corresponding to the selected exception parameter is triggered, and the ship control system 200 immediately transmits an exception report that includes the corresponding exception data (i.e., the temperature data corresponding to the container 20) to the central control station 300.

The central control station 300 receives the data relating to the temperature of said container 20 (i.e., receives the exception report). In the process of example two, a “notification alert” is transmitted from the central control station 300 to the user control station 350 when the temperature of said container 20 reaches approximately 0°C, or when the exception reporting event occurs.

The process of example two further involves the user control station 350 providing feedback to the ship control system 200 via the central control system 300 for altering the exception parameter, and the notification alert parameter, for example, from a temperature of approximately 0°C to approximately 10°C, in response to user input, for instance, depending upon value of merchandise carried by the container.

Accordingly, the occurrence or non-occurrence of a subsequent exception reporting event, and notification alert, can be dependent upon whether the said container 20 subsequently reaches a temperature of at least approximately 10°C (i.e., whether the altered exception parameter and notification alert parameter of at least approximately 10°C is reached).

EXAMPLE THREE

Another representative embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a process for communicating data. In the process of example three, a default data reporting frequency from the ship control system 200 to the central control system 300 is selected as approximately two times per day.

The process of example three involves amending the frequency of data reporting when the temperature a container 20, or a set of containers 20, reaches and/or exceeds a specified temperature, more specifically approximately 0°C. More specifically, the process of example three involves increasing the frequency of data reporting to four times per day when the temperature of the container(s) 20 reaches and/or exceeds approximately 0°C, but remains less than approximately 10°C.

In addition, the process of example three involves an adjustment, more specifically an increase, in the frequency of data reporting upon further increase in temperature of said container(s) 20 beyond 10°C. More specifically, the process of example three involves increasing the frequency of data reporting to an hourly basis when the temperature of the container 20, or set of containers 20, exceeds approximately 10°C but remains below approximately 15°C, and subsequently to a fifteen minute basis when the temperature of the container 20 or set of containers 20, reaches approximately 15°C.

Furthermore, the process of example three also involves a re-adjustment, more specifically a decrease, in frequency of data reporting back to the default frequency (i.e., three times per day) upon determining that said container is no longer at, or above, the first specified temperature (i.e., approximately 0°C). The process of example three can also involve a change in data reporting frequency to twice per day (i.e., the default reporting frequency) or even zero times per day for the container 20 under consideration in the event that a critical temperature (e.g., 20°C) has been exceeded and the value of the container’s cargo is dramatically diminished as a result.

The adjustment and readjustment of the frequency of data reporting can be done automatically by program of instructions executed by the ship control system 200.

Alternatively, the adjustment and readjustment of the frequency of data reporting can be facilitated and/or effectuated by an input provided by the central control station 300 and/or a particular user control station 350.

EXAMPLE FOUR

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a representative process for communicating data, the process facilitating selective data communication based upon container state.

The process of example four involves storage of data received by the central control station 300 by its data storage unit 330. In the process of example four, data is not transmitted to user control station(s) 350 coupled to the central control station 300 unless a “notification alert” parameter as selected by a user has been reached.

The process of example four involves the user selecting or determining a “notification alert” parameter, which is a temperature parameter of approximately -10°C in association with a container 20 of interest (i.e., a container carrying merchandise being imported by the user). Accordingly, the central control station 300 transmits the “notification alert”, 1.e., data relating to temperature of the said container 20, to the user control station 350 upon receiving data from the ship control system 200 that indicates that the temperature of said container has reached the selected temperature parameter (i.e., approximately -10°C).

In the process of example four, upon receipt of the “notification alert” by the user control station 350, the user can selectively retrieve data or information corresponding to the “notification alert” from the central control station 300. More specifically, the user control station 350 retrieves data relating to humidity and pressure of said container 20.

In addition, with the process of example four, upon receipt of the “notification alert” at the user control station 350, the user control station 350 can send response signals (e.g., feedback signals, generated by way of user input) by way of the central control station 300 to the ship control system 200, which can communicate an instruction to the container control system 100 to capture image data using the container’s image capture module 155.

The image capture module 155 can be activated upon receipt of the response signals originating from the user control station 350. The container control system 100 can subsequently transmit a corresponding captured image to the ship control system 200, which can subsequently transmit the captured image to the central control station 300 (e.g, either immediately upon receipt, or in association with a next reporting event) by way of a geographically unrestricted network.

The ability to selectively receive and/or retrieve data from the container control system 100, the ship control system 200, and/or the central control station 300 helps to reduce volume of data transmitted from the central control station 300 to the user control station 350. Reduction in total volume of data transmitted from the central control station 300 to the user control station 350 can facilitate a corresponding reduction in cost incurred by the user due to data transmission.

The present disclosure relates to systems, processes, methods, and/or techniques for controlling data communication between different control systems, stations, units, and modules. In many embodiments, data communication between different control systems are managed or controlled based upon a type of network available for data communication (i.e. type of network used for data communication) and/or a location of a container under consideration.

Data communication can occur using a geographically restricted network (e.g, a GSM network) or a geographically unrestricted network (e.g, a satellite communication network such as the Iridium satellite communication network). Systems, methods, and processes of most embodiments of the present disclosure are able to control, more specifically select, a network for use in data communication. More specifically, systems, methods, and processes of embodiments of the present disclosure selectively use a geographically restricted network for data communication when containers under consideration are located within range of said geographically restricted network (i.e. when the geographically restricted network is available). In such situations, data communication between containers and a central control station can occur frequently in view of a low or manageable cost associated with geographically restricted network use.

When reliable communication by way of a geographically restricted network is not possible, container related data is communicated by way of a container area network to a ship control system. In the absence of container state exceptions, the ship control system communicates or reports container related data to the central control station on an infrequent basis by way of a geographically unrestricted network (e.g., 1 — 3 times per day, in view of geographically unrestricted network usage cost).

In several embodiments, selection and use of a geographically restricted network or a container area network whenever containers under consideration and the ship control system are located within range of said geographically restricted network is automatic.

Particular systems, methods, and processes provided by various embodiments of the present disclosure enable control or management, for instance selection and variation, of the frequency of data communication and/or the type, nature, or relevancy of data communicated. More particularly, systems, methods, and processes provided by the present disclosure allow selection and/or variation of the frequency of data communication or type of data communicated based upon a type of network available for data communication (i.e., type of network used for data communication). The ability to control or manage, more specifically select and vary, the frequency of data communication and/or the type of data communicated based upon a type of network available for data communication facilitates the management of communication costs.

Aspects of particular embodiments of the disclosure address at least one aspect, problem, limitation, and/or disadvantage associated with existing data communication systems or methods. While features, aspects, and/or advantages associated with certain embodiments have been described in the disclosure, other embodiments may also exhibit such features, aspects, and/or advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such features, aspects, and/or advantages to fall within the scope of the disclosure. It will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art that several of the above-disclosed systems, components, processes, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into other different systems, components, processes, and/or applications.

In addition, various modifications, alterations, and/or improvements may be made to various embodiments 5S that are disclosed by a person of ordinary skill in the art within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for communicating data relating to an asset comprising: receiving a set of data by a first control system, the first control system configured to communicate with a central control station by way of a geographically restricted network and with a second control system by way of a local network, the second control system configured to communicate with the central control station by way of a geographically unrestricted network; determining the availability of the geographically restricted network for data communication; and using one of the geographically restricted network and the geographically unrestricted network for communicating data to the central control station, wherein a frequency of data communication to the central control station is selected based upon the determined availability of the geographically restricted network.

2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the frequency of data communication to the central control station is substantially lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data communication as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data communication.

3. The method as in claim 2, wherein the frequency of data communication is at least approximately 25% lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data communication as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data communication.

4. The method as in claim 3, wherein the frequency of data communication is at least approximately 50% lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data communication as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data communication.

5. The method as in claim 1, further comprising: communicating data from the first control system to the central control station by way of the geographically restricted network when the geographically restricted network is available for data communication; and communicating data from the first control system to the second control system by way of the local network and subsequently communicating data from the second control system to the central control station by way of the geographically unrestricted network when the geographically restricted network is unavailable for data communication.

6. The method as in claim 1, wherein the set of data relates to at least one of asset location and at least one asset condition parameter.

7. The method as in claim 6, further comprising processing the set of data for determining asset location, wherein the geographically restricted network is available when the asset is located within range of the geographically restricted network and unavailable when the asset is located out of range of the geographically restricted network.

8. The method as in claim 7, wherein selection and use of the geographically restricted network for data communication between the first control system and the central control station is performed automatically whenever the asset is located within range of the geographically restricted network.

9. The method as in claim 6, further comprising processing the set of data for determining at least one asset condition parameter, wherein the asset is a container and the at least one asset condition parameter relates to at least one environmental condition within the container.

10. The method as in claim 9, wherein the at least one environmental condition is at least one of temperature, humidity, light intensity, presence of radioactivity, and level of radioactivity within the container. 5S 1. The method as in claim 6, further comprising selecting a portion of the set of data for transmission to the central control station.

12. The method as in claim 11, wherein the selection of the portion of the set of data for transmission to the central control station is at least partially dependent upon at least one asset condition parameter.

13. The method as in claim 12, wherein the selection of the portion of the set of data for transmission to the central control station is at least partially dependent upon asset value.

14. The method as in claim 11, wherein the frequency of data transmission to the central control station is at least partially dependent upon at least one of the determined at least one asset condition parameter and asset value.

15. The method as in claim 1, wherein the geographically restricted network is one of a GSM network and a GPRS network and the geographically unrestricted network is a satellite communication network.

16. The method as in claim 1, wherein the first control system is carried by an asset and the second control system is carried by a transport vessel.

17. The method as in claim 16, wherein the asset is a container, the transport vessel is a ship, and the central control station is located on land.

18. The method as in claim 1, wherein the frequency of data communication is at least partially dependent upon a signal provided by the central control station to at least one of the first control system and the second control system.

19. A method for transmitting data comprising; receiving a set of data relating to asset location and at least one asset condition parameter by a first control system, the first control system configured to communicate with a second control system and a central control station; processing the set of data to determine at least one of asset location and at least one asset condition parameter; selecting one of a geographically restricted network and a geographically unrestricted network for data transmission; and selecting a portion of the set of data for transmission, the selection of the portion of the set of data based at least partially upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

20. The method as in claim 19, further comprising transmitting the set of data from the first control system to the central control using the geographically restricted network when the geographically restricted network is selected for data transmission.

21. The method as in claim 20, further comprising: transmitting the selected portion of the set of data from the first control system to the second control system using a local network; and transmitting the selected portion of the set of data from the second control system to the central control station using the geographically unrestricted network, wherein the transmission of the selected portion of the set of data occurs when the geographically unrestricted network is selected for use in data transmission.

22. The method as in claim 19, wherein the geographically restricted network is selected for data transmission when the asset is located within range of the geographically restricted network and the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data transmission when the asset is located out of range of the geographically restricted network.

23. The method as in claim 19, further comprising selecting a frequency of data transmission to the central control station.

24. The method as in claim 23, wherein the frequency of data transmission to the central control station is significantly lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data transmission as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data transmission.

25. The method as in claim 24, wherein the frequency of data transmission is at least approximately 25% lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected as compared to when the geographically restricted network 1s selected.

26. The method as in claim 25, wherein the frequency of data transmission is at least approximately 50% lower when the geographically unrestricted network is selected as compared to when the geographically restricted network 1s selected.

27. The method as in claim 19, wherein the at least one asset condition parameter relate to at least one environmental condition present within the asset.

28. The method as in claim 27, wherein the at least one environmental condition is at least one of temperature, humidity, light intensity, presence of radioactivity, and level of radioactivity within the asset.

29. The method as in claim 27, wherein the asset is a container for transporting merchandise.

30. The method as in claim 29, wherein the first control system is carried by the container and the second control system is carried by a transport vessel that carries the container. 5S 3 The method as in claim 27, wherein selecting the frequency of data transmission is at least partially dependent upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

32. The method as in claim 27, wherein selecting the portion of the set of data for data transmission 1s at least partially dependent upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter, the selecting of the portion of the set of data comprising selecting a type of data carried by the selected portion of the set of data.

33. The method as in claim 32, wherein the frequency of data transmission is at least partially dependent upon a signal provided by the central control station to one of the first control system and the second control system.

34. The method as in claim 32, wherein selection of at least one of the frequency of data transmission and type of data carried by the selected portion of the set of data is at least partially dependent upon asset value.

35. The method as in claim 32, wherein the geographically restricted network is a GSM network and the geographically unrestricted network is a satellite communication network.

36. A method for communicating data relating to an asset, the method comprising: receiving data relating to an asset by a first control system, the first control system configured to communicate with a central control station by way of a geographically restricted network and with a second control system by way of a local network, the second control system configured to communicate with the central control station by way of a geographically unrestricted network;

processing the received data for determining at least one of asset location and at least one asset condition parameter; selecting one of the geographically restricted network and the satellite communication network for communicating data to the central control station; communicating at least a portion of the set of data received by the first control system to the central control station, wherein a frequency of data communication is substantially lower when the satellite communication network 1s selected as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected.

37. The method as in claim 36, further comprising: communicating data from the first control system to the central control station by way of the geographically restricted network when the geographically restricted network 1s selected; and communicating data from the first control system to the second control system by way of the local network and subsequently communicating data from the second control system to the central control station by way of the geographically unrestricted network when the geographically unrestricted network is selected.

38. The method as in claim 36, wherein the frequency of data communication is at least approximately 50% lower when the satellite communication network is selected as compared to when the geographically restricted network 1s selected.

39. The method as in claim 37, wherein the frequency for data communication is at least partially dependent upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

40. The method as in claim 39, further comprising selecting a portion of the data received by the first control system for transmission, the selection of the portion of the data comprising selecting type of data carried by the portion of data based at least partially upon at least one of asset location and the at least one asset condition parameter.

41. The method as in claim 40, wherein the asset is a container, the asset condition parameter relating to at least one environmental condition within the container.

42. The method as in claim 41, wherein the at least one environmental condition is at least one of temperature, humidity, light intensity, presence of radioactivity, and level of radioactivity within the container.

43. The method as in claim 41, wherein the selection of at least one of the frequency of data communication and the type of data carried by the portion of data is at least partially dependent upon a signal provided by the central control system to one of the first and second control systems.

44. The method as in claim 41, wherein the selection of at least one of frequency of data communication and the type of data carried by the portion of data is at least partially dependent upon asset value.

45. A data communication network comprising: a first control system configured to communicate with a central control station, the first control system comprising a network management module configured to select a geographically restricted network for data communication between the first control system and the central control station when the first control system is located within range of the geographically restricted network; and a second control system coupled to the first control system and configured to support data communication with the first control system, the second control system comprising a network management unit configured to select a geographically unrestricted network for data communication between the second control system and the central control station when the first control system is out of range of the geographically restricted network; and at least one processing unit carried by at least of the first and second control systems and configured to control a frequency of data communication with the central control station based upon whether the geographically restricted network or the geographically unrestricted network is selected for data communication with the central control station.

46. The data communication network as in claim 45, wherein the frequency of data communication is substantially lower when the geographically unrestricted network 1s selected for data communication as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data communication.

47. The data communication network as in claim 46, the at least one processing unit configured to reduce the frequency of data communication to the central control station by at least approximately 50% when the geographically unrestricted network 1s selected for data communication as compared to when the geographically restricted network is selected for data communication.

48. The data communication network as in claim 46, wherein the first control system comprises a data capture unit configured to capture a set of data relating to at least one asset condition parameter.

49. The data communication network as in claim 48, wherein the at least one processing unit is configured to process the set of data for determining at least one asset condition parameter.

50. The data communication network as in claim 49, wherein the frequency of data communication is at least partially dependent upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

51. The data communication network as in claim 50, wherein the second control system comprises a processing unit that is configured to select a portion of the set of data for transmission to the central control system, the selection of the portion of the set of data comprising selecting a type of data carried by the selected portion of the set of data.

52. The data communication network as in claim 51, wherein the selection of the type of data carried by the portion of the set of data is at least partially dependent upon the determined at least one asset condition parameter.

53. The data communication network as in claim 52, wherein the selection of at least one of the frequency of data communication and the type of data carried by the portion of the set of data is further dependent upon asset value.

54. The data communication network as in claim 48, wherein the first control system is carried by the asset and the second control system is carried by a transport vessel.

55. The data communication network as in claim 54, wherein the asset is a container, the transport vessel is a ship, and the central control station is located on land.