SG173314A1 - Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - Google Patents
Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SG173314A1 SG173314A1 SG2011045267A SG2011045267A SG173314A1 SG 173314 A1 SG173314 A1 SG 173314A1 SG 2011045267 A SG2011045267 A SG 2011045267A SG 2011045267 A SG2011045267 A SG 2011045267A SG 173314 A1 SG173314 A1 SG 173314A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- molybdenum
- oil composition
- compound
- ppm
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 methylpentyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BRESEFMHKFGSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound [Mo].O=C1CCC(=O)N1 BRESEFMHKFGSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 2
- XWKKZTDYIZDRQS-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Mo+4].[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S.[S-][PH2]=S XWKKZTDYIZDRQS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 79
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 24
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethyl-[2-[2-[ethyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-dimethylazanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CC[N+](C)(C)CCN(C)CC[N+](C)(C)CC UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005541 phosphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008039 phosphoramides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVBUKMMMRLOKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVBUKMMMRLOKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXGQHXSMPGQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-3-[(2,4-ditert-butyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1C(C)(C)C ZDXGQHXSMPGQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FABFDURWNQLSQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-3-[2-(2,4-ditert-butyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1C(C)(C)C FABFDURWNQLSQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQESJWNDTICJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nonylphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-6-nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C(C)C=2)O)=C1O XQESJWNDTICJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZAQZZKNQILGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-4,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound C=1C(C)=CC(C)=C(O)C=1C(C(C)C)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1O SZAQZZKNQILGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKNMPWVTPUHKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyl-6-[(3-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound OC=1C(C2CCCCC2)=CC(C)=CC=1CC(C=1O)=CC(C)=CC=1C1CCCCC1 AKNMPWVTPUHKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(SC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- SIINAHBZNVOMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-tert-butyl-2,3-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1C SIINAHBZNVOMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFQVZOXIVOSRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-tert-butyl-2-[1-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)butyl]-3-methylphenol Chemical compound CC=1C=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=1C(CCC)C1=C(C)C=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O BFQVZOXIVOSRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- HBEMHMNHYDTVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound ClC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC)(Cl)Cl HBEMHMNHYDTVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001481833 Coryphaena hippurus Species 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AAHZZGHPCKJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexadecenylsuccinicacid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O AAHZZGHPCKJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001126084 Homo sapiens Piwi-like protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283986 Lepus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001072282 Limnanthes Species 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100029365 Piwi-like protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYMWQLRSSDFGEQ-ADRAWKNSSA-N [(3e,8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-hydroxyimino-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate;(8r,9s,13s,14s,17r)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.O/N=C/1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](CC)([C@](CC4)(OC(C)=O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C\1 GYMWQLRSSDFGEQ-ADRAWKNSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-octadecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(octadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylpiperazine Chemical compound NCCN1CCNCC1 IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003939 benzylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006487 butyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;diphenoxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006704 dehydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LMODBLQHQHXPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylcarbamothioylsulfanylmethyl n,n-dibutylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C(=S)SCSC(=S)N(CCCC)CCCC LMODBLQHQHXPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NMBYRULZXULRQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;piperazine Chemical compound C=C.C1CNCCN1.C1CNCCN1 NMBYRULZXULRQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010460 hemp oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001047 methyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003021 phthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007686 potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical class CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical class [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003582 thiophosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Provided herein are lubricating oil compositions comprising a major amount of a base oil, at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at least 10 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition can further comprise at least one additive. Methods of making and using the lubricating oil compositions are also described.(No suitable figure)
Description
LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A MOLYBDENUM
COMPOUND AND A ZINC DIALKYLDITHIOPHOSPHATE
[0001] Provided herein are lubricating oil compositions comprising a base oil. an oil soluble molybdenum compound and a zine dithiophosphate compound. Methods of making and using the lubricating oil compositions are also described.
[6002] Lubricating oil compositions used to lubricate internal combustion engines contain base oil of lubricating viscosity, or a mixture of such oils, and additives used to improve the performance characteristics of the oil. For exampie, additives are used to improve detergency, to reduce engine wear, to provide stability against heat and oxidation, fo reduce oil consumption, to inhibit corrosion, to act as a dispersant, and to reduce friction loss. Some additives provide multiple benefits, such as dispersant- viscosity modifiers. Other additives, while improving one characteristic of the lubricating oil, have an adverse effect on other characteristics. Thus, to provide lubricating oil having optimal overall performance, it is necessary te characterize and understand all the effects of the various additives available, and carefully balance the additive content of the iubricant. [R003] It has been proposed in many patents and articles (for example. U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4.164.473; 4,176,073; 4,176,074; 4.192.757: 4,248,720; 4,201,683; 4.289.635: and 4.479.883) that oil-soluble molybdenum compounds are useful as lubricant additives. In particular, the addition of molybdenum compounds to oil, particularly molvhdenum dithiocarbamate compounds, provides the oil with improved boundary friction characteristics and bench tests demonstrate that the coefficient of friction of oil containing such molybdenum compounds is generally lower than that of oil containing organic friction modifiers. This reduction in coefficient of friction results in improved antiwear properties and may contribute to enhanced fuel economy in gasoline or diesel fired engines, including both short- and long-term fuel economy properties (i.c., fuel economy ‘retention properties). To provide antiwear effects, molybdenum compounds are generaliv added in amounts introducing from about 350 ppm up to 2,000 ppm of molvbdenum into fuel economy benefits, such molybdenum compounds are expensive relative fo more conventional, metal-free (ashless) organic friction modifiers
[6604] Therefore, it is desirable to find a lubricating oil composition that provides improved fuel economy benefit; demonstrates excellent wear protection characteristics, is relatively low in cost.
[0005] Provided herein are lubricating oil compositions that provide an improved friction reduction. The lubricating oil compositions comprising i} a major amount of a base oil, ii) at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and iii) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at east about 10 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
[0636] In certain aspects, the base oil is present in an amount greater than about 40%, 50%, 60% or about 70% by weight of the lubricating oil compositions. [0007 In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, mulfi- functional additives, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers, thermal stability improvers, anti-haze additives , dyes, markers, and combinations thereof.
[0008] Also provided herein are methods of making lubricating oil compositions.
In one aspect, the methods comprise the step of mixing 1) a major amount of a base oil, if} at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and ill) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at least about 10 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the _0-
phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 to 500 ppin based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In certain embodiments, the molybdenum compound and the zine dialkyldithiophosphate compound used as described herein show synergy and resulting low friction coefficient in prototype (GF-5 lubricating compositions.
[0009] Also provided herein are methods of lubricating a motor engine with a lubricating oil compositions provided herein. In one aspect, the methods comprise the step of operating the engine with the lubricating oil composition of provided herein.
[0010] Other embodiments will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
[0011] Figure 1 depicts a plot of friction by High Frequency Reciprocating Rig test (HFRR) versus phosphorus content of the lubricant oil compositions described herein.
Definitions 10012} To facilitate the understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, a number of terms, abbreviations or other shorthand as used herein are defined below. Any term, abbreviation or shorthand not defined is understood to have the ordinary meaning used by a skilled artisan contemporaneous with the submission of this application.
[0013] “A major amount” of a base oil refers to the amount of the base oil 1s at least 40 wt.% of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, “a major amount” of a hase oil refers to an amount of the base oil more than 50 wt.%, more than 60 wt.%, more than 70 wt.%, more than 80 wt.%, or more than 90 wt.% of the lubricating oil composition. 10014] “Sulfated ash content” refers to the amount of metal-containing additives (e.g, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, zinc, efc.) in a lubricating oil and is typically measured according to ASTM D874, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0015] A composition that 1s “substantially free” of a compound refers to a composition which contains less than 20 wt.%, less than 10 wt.%, less than 5 wt.%, less than 4 wt.%, less than 3 wt.%, less than 2 wt.%, less than 1 wt.%, less than 0.5 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, or less than 0.01 wt.% of the compound, based on the total weight of the composition. 0016} A composition that is “free” of a compound refers to a composition which contains from 0.001 wt.% to 0 wt.% of the compound, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0617] In the following description, all numbers disclosed herein are approximate values, regardless whether the word “about” or “approximate” is used in connection therewith. They may vary by 1 percent, 2 percent, 5 percent, or, sometimes, 10 to 20 percent. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit, R", and an upper Limit, RY, is disclosed, any number falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, the following numbers within the range are specifically disclosed: R=RMi*(RY-RY), wherein k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent,..., 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent,..., 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent.
Moreover, any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed.
[0018] Provided herein are lubricating oil compositions comprising: 1} a major amount of a base oil, 1i) at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and ii) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at least about 10 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the phosphorus content derived from the zine dialkyidithiophosphate compound is 200 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 10019] In certain embodiments, the phosphorus content of the composition is about 200 to 500 ppm. In other embodiments, the phosphorus content of the composition is about 250 to 400 ppm, about 300 to 400 ppm. In certain embodiments, the SAE viscosity of the composition is 5W-20,
i}. The Base Oil of Lubricating Viscosity 16026] The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein generally comprise at least one oil of lubricating viscosity. Any base oil known to a skilled artisan can be used as the o1l of lubricating viscosity disclosed herein. Some base oils suitable for preparing the lubricating oil compositions have been described mm Mortier ef al., “Chemistry and
Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapters 1 and 2 (1996); and
A. Sequeria, Jr., “Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing,” New York, Marcel Decker,
Chapter 6, (1994); and D. V. Brock, Lubrication Engineering, Vol. 43, pages 184-5, {1987}, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Generally, the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition may be from about 50 to about 99.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition is from about 75 to about 99 wt. %, from about 80 to about 98.5 wt.%, or from about 80 to about 98 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In certain embodiments, the amount of base oil in the lubricant oil compositions provided herein is about 45%, 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or about 90% by total welght of the composition.
[0621] In certain embodiments, the base oil is or comprises any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil fraction. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic oils include oils, such as polyalphaolefins or PAOs, prepared from the polymerization of at least one alpha-olefin, such as ethylene, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases, such as the Fisher-Tropsch process. In certain embodiments, the base oil comprises less than about 10 wt.% of one or more heavy fractions, based on the total weight of the base oil. A heavy fraction refers to a lube oil fraction having a viscosity of at least about 20 ¢St at 100 °C. In certain embodiments, the heavy fraction has a viscosity of at least about 25 cSt or at least about 30 ¢St at 100 °C.
In further embodiments, the amount of the one or more heavy fractions in the base oil is less than about 10 wt.%, less than about 3 wt.%, less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, or less than about 0.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the base oil. In still further embodiments, the base oil comprises no heavy fraction.
[0022] In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions comprise a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity. In some embodiments, the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C from about 2 centistokes (¢St) to about 20 ¢St, from about 4 centistokes (cSt) to about 16 ¢St, or from about 5 ¢St to about 13 ¢St. The kinematic viscosity of the base oils or the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be measured according to ASTM D 445, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0023] In other embodiments, the base oil is or comprises a base stock or blend of base stocks. In further embodiments, the base stocks are manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefining. In some embodiments, the base stocks comprise a rerefined stock. In further embodiments, the rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use. 10024] In some embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in one or more of Groups [-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509, Fourteen Edition, December 1996 (i.e., API Base Gil
Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils), which is incorporated herein by reference. The API guideline defines a base stock as a lubricant component that may be manufactured using a variety of different processes.
Groups 1, II and IH base stocks are mineral oils, each with specific ranges of the amount of saturates, sulfur content and viscosity index. Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAO). Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Group [, Ii, III, or IV. 10025] The saturates levels, sulfur levels and viscosity indices for Group I, II, III,
IV and V base stocks are listed in Table 1 below.
Table 1.
Group | Saturates (As determined | Sulfur (As Viscosity Index (As determined by ASTM D 2007) determined by by ASTM D 4294, ASTM D
ASTM D 2270) 4297 or ASTM D 3120)
I Less than 90% saturates. Greater than or Greater than or equal to 80 and equal to 0.03% less than 120. sulfur.
It Greater than or equal to Less than or equal | Greater than or equal to 80 and 90% saturates. to 0.03% sulfur. fess than 120.
I Greater than or equal to Less than or equal | Greater than or equal to 120. 90% saturates. to 0.03% sulfur.
Iv Defined as polyalphaolefins (PAO)
V All other base stocks not included in Groups §, II,
Mor IV i
[6026]
[6027] In some embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group I, II, III, IV, V or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group IL, IIL, I'V or a combination thereof.
In further embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group ; 11, III, IV or a combination thereof wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity from about 2.5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 ¢St, from about 4 ¢St to about 20 cSt, or from about 5 ¢St to about 16 ¢St at 100 °C.
[0628] The base oil may be selected from the group consisting of natural oils of lubricating viscosity, synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocrackate base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude. In other embodiments, the base oil of lubricating viscosity includes natural oils, such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils (e.g., liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid- treated mineral oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types), oils derived from coal or shale, and combinations thereof. Some non-limiting examples _7-
of animal oils include bone oil, lanolin, fish oil, lard oil, dolphin oil, seal oil, shark oil, tallow oil, and whale oil. Some non-limiting examples of vegetable oils include castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, hemp oil, linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, jojoba oil, and meadow foam oil. Such oils may be partially or fully hydrogenated.
[3029] In some embodiments, the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and inter- polymerized olefins, alkylbenzenes, polyphenyls, alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated diphenyl sulfides, as well as their derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof, and the like. In other embodiments, the synthetic oils include alkylene oxide polymers, interpolymers, copolymers and derivatives thereof wherein the terminal hydroxyl groups can be modified by esterification, etherification, and the like. In further embodiments, the synthetic oils include the esters of dicarboxylic acids with a variety of alcohols. In certain embodiments, the synthetic oils include esters made from Cs to Cj; monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers. In further embodiments, the synthetic oils include tri-aikyl phosphate ester oils, such as tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-1so-butyl phosphate.
[0630] In some embodiments, the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include silicon-based oils (such as the polyakyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils). In other embodiments, the synthetic oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans, polyalphaolefins, and the like.
[6031] Base oil derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base oil. Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydroisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
[8632] In further embodiments, the base oil comprises a poly-aipha-olefin (PAO).
In general, the poly-alpha-olefins may be derived from an alpha-olefin having from about 2 to about 30, from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms. Non- limiting examples of suitable poly-alpha-olefins include those derived from octene, decene, mixtures thereof, and the like. These poly-aipha-olefins may have a viscosity from about 2 to about 15, from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 centistokes at 100 °C. In some instances, the poly-alpha-olefins may be used together with other base oils such as mineral oils.
[0033] in further embodiments, the base oil comprises a polyalkylene glycol ora polyalkylene glycol derivative, where the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polyalkylene glycol may be modified by esterification, etherification, acetylation and the like. Non- limiting examples of suitable polyalkylene glycols include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyisopropylene glycol, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyalkyiene glycol derivatives include ethers of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., methyl ether of polyisopropylene glycol, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol, etc.), mono- and polycarboxylic esters of polyalkyiene glycols, and combinations thereof. In some instances, the polyalkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol derivative may be used together with other base oils such as poly-alpha-olefins and mineral oils.
[6634] In further embodiments, the base oil comprises any of the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, finoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, and the like) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2- ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, and the like). Non-limiting examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di{2-ethylthexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, diocty! phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the like.
[6035] In further embodiments, the base oil comprises a hydrocarbon prepared by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The Fischer-Tropsch process prepares hydrocarbons from gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons may require further processing in order to be useful as base oils. For example, the hydrocarbons may be dewaxed, hydroisomerized, and/or hydrocracked using processes known to a person of ordinary skill ia the art. 19036] In further embodiments, the base oil comprises an unrefined oil, a refined oil, a rerefined oil, or a mixture thereof. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. Non-limiting examples of unrefined oils include shale oils obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oils obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oils obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except the former have been further treated by one or more purification processes to improve one or more properties. Many such purification processes are known to those skilled in the art such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, and the like. Rerefined oils are obtained by applying to refined oils processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally treated by processes directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products. ii}. Gil Soluble Molvbdenum Compounds
[0037] For the lubricating oil compositions provided herein, any suitable oii- soluble molybdenum compound can be employed. Exemplary of such oil-soluble molybdenum compounds include, but are not limited to dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates, sulfides, and the like, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the molybdenum compounds are molybdenum dithiocarbamates, dialkyldithiophosphates, alkyl xanthates and alkylthioxanthates.
[0038] ‘The molybdenum compound may be mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-nuclear. In certain embodiments, the compound is a dinuclear or trinuclear molybdenum compound.
In one embodiment, the molybdenum compound is an organo-molybdenum compound.
In another embodiment, the molybdenum compound is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MoDTC), molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiophosphinates, molybdenum xanthates, molybdenum thioxanthates, molybdenum sulfides and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the molybdenum compound is present as a molybdenum dithiocarbamate or a trinuclear organo- molybdenum compound. In one embodiment, the oil-soluble molybdenum compound is selected from molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum-succinimide complex and a mixture thereof. 10639] In certain aspects, the molybdenum compound may be an acidic molybdenum compound. These compounds will react with a basic nitrogen compound as measured by ASTM test D-664 or D-2896 titration procedure and are typically hexavalent. Examples of such compounds include molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, and other alkaline metal molybdates and other molybdenum salts, e.g., hydrogen sodium molybdate, MoOCls, MoO, Bry, Mo, Os Clg, molybdenum trioxide or similar acidic molybdenum compounds. Altematively, the compositions herein comprise molybdenum/sulfur complexes of basic nitrogen compounds as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,263,152; 4,285,822; 4,283,295; 4,272,387; 4,265,773; 4,261,843; 4,259,195; 4,259,194 and 6,562,765; and WO 94/068%7. 10040] The basic nitrogen compound used to prepare the oxymolybdenum compounds for use herein have at least one basic nitrogen and are, in certain embodiments, oil-soluble. Typical examples of such compositions are succinimides, carboxylic acid amides, hydrocarbyl monoamines, hydrocarbon polyamines, Mannich bases, phosphoramides, thiophosphoramides, phosphonamides, dispersant viscosity index improvers, and mixtures thereof. Any of the nitrogen-containing compositions may be after-treated with, e.g., boron, using procedures well known in the art so long as the compositions continue to contain basic nitrogen. These after-treatments are particularly applicable to succinimides and Mannich base compositions.
[0041] The mono and polysuccinimides that can be used to prepare the molybdenum complexes described herein are disclosed in numerous references and are well known in the art. Certain exemplary succinimides and the related materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,219,666; 3,172.892; and 3,272,746, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The term "succinimide" is understood in the art to include many of the amide, imide, and amidine species which may also be formed. The predominant product however is a succinimide and this term has been generally accepted as meaning the product of a reaction of an alkenyl! substituted succinic acid or anhydride with a nitrogen-containing compound. In certain embodiments, succinimides for use herein are commercial available succinimides, such as those prepared from a hydrocarbyl succinic anhydride, wherein the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 24 to about 350 carbon atoms, and an ethylene amine, said ethylene amines being characterized by ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, and tetraethyiene pentamine.
In one embodiment, the succinimides include succinimides prepared from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride of 70 to 128 carbon atoms and tetraethylene pentamine or triethylene tetramine or mixtures thereof.
[6042] Also included in the succinimides are the cooligomers of a hydrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride and a poly secondary amine containing at least one tertiary amino nitrogen in addition to two or more secondary amino groups. In certain embodiments, the cooligomers have an average molecular weight between 1,500 and 50,000. In one embodiment, the molybdenum compound for use in the compositions herein is prepared by reacting polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and ethylene dipiperazine.
[0643] In certain embodiment, carboxylic acid amide compositions are also suitable starting materials for preparing the oxymolybdenum compounds used herein,
Typical of such compounds are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,405,064, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. These compositions can be prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid or anhydride or ester thereof, having at least 12 to about 350 aliphatic carbon atoms in the principal aliphatic chain and, if desired, having sufficient pendant aliphatic groups to render the molecule oil soluble with an amine or a hydrocarbyl polyamine, such as an ethylene amine, to give a mono or polycarboxylic acid amide. In one embodiment, the amides are prepared from (1) a carboxylic acid of the formula R'COOH, where R' is Cya.29 alkyl or a mixture of this acid with a polyisobutenyl carboxylic acid in which the polyisobutenyl group contains from 72 to 128 carbon atoms and (2) an ethylene amine, especially triethylene tetramine or tetracthylene pentamine or mixtures thereof.
[6044] Another class of compounds which can be used to prepare molybdenum compounds are hydrocarbyl monoamines and hydrocarbyl polyamines, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,574,576, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The hydrocarbyl group, for example alkyl, or olefinic having one or two sites of unsaturation, usually contains from 9 to 350, preferably from 20 to 200 carbon atoms.
Exemplary of such hydrocarbyl polyamines are those which are derived, e.g, by reacting polyisobutenyl chloride and a polyalkylene polyamine, such as an ethylene amine, e.g, ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, tefracthylene pentamine, 2-aminoethylpiperazine, 1,3-propylene diamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, and the like.
S12 -
[0045] Another class of compounds useful for supplying basic nitrogen are the
Mannich base compositions. These compositions are prepared from a phenol or Co.agg alkylphenol, an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde or formaldehyde precursor such as paraformaldehyde, and an amine compound. The amine may be a mono or polyamine and typical compositions are prepared from an alkylamine, such as methylamine or an ethylene amine, such as, diethylene triamine, or tetraethylene pentamine, and the like.
The phenolic material may be sulfurized and preferably is dodecylphenol or a Cgg_100 alkyiphenol. Typical Mannich bases which can be used are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,157,309 and 3,649,229; 3,368,972; and 3,539,663, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 0046] Another class of composition useful for preparing the oxymolybdenum complexes employed in the lubricating oil compositions provided herein are the phosphoramides and phosphonamides such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,909,430 and 3,968,157, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. These compositions may be prepared by forming a phosphorus compound having at least one P-
N bond. They can be prepared, for example, by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a hydrocarbyl diol in the presence of a monoamine or by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a difunctional secondary amine and a mono-functional amine. Thiophosphoramides can be prepared by reacting an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound containing from 2 to 450 or more carbon atoms, such as polyethylene, polyisobutylene, polypropylene, ethylene, I-hexene, 1,3-hexadiene, isobutylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and the like, with phosphorus pentasulfide and a nitrogen-containing compound as defined above, particularly an alkylamine, alkyldiamine, alkyipolyamine, or an alkyleneamine, such as ethylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetracthylenepentamine, and the like.
[0047] Further molybdenum compounds useful in the compositions provided herein are organo-molybdenum compounds of the formulae
Mo{ROCS.), and
MolRSCS,},
[0648] wherein R is an organic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkoxyalkyl, generally of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and in one embodiment, from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and in another embodiment, alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon ators.
[6049] In one embodiment, the molybdenum compounds are dithiocarbamates of molybdenum represented by the formula:
SAS ed yy Ng NF YY 10050] wherein, R), Ra, Rs and Ry are each independently a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group or a straight-chain or branched-chain alkenyl group having four to eighteen carbons; and X,, X;, X; and X, are each independently an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, the ratio between the number of the oxygen atom or atoms and that of the sulfur atom or atoms with respect to X; through X,4 being 1/3 to 3/1. In one embodiment, Rj, Ry, Rs and Ra, are each alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl 1s butyl, 2- ethythexyl, isotridecyl or stearyl. The Rj, Ra, Rs and Ry groups in one molybdenum dithiocarbamate may be identical with or different from each other. Further, two or more molybdenum dithiocarbamates having different Ry, Ry, Ry and Ry groups may be used in a mixed state.
[0051] In one embodiment, organo-molybdenum compounds useful in the lubricating compositions herein are trinuclear molybdenum compounds, including those of the formula Mos; Sg L,, Q, and mixtures thereof, wherein LL are independently selected ligands having organic groups with a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil, nis from 1 to 4, k varies from 4 through 7, Q 1s selected from the group of neutral electron donating compounds such as water, amines, alcohols, phosphines, and ethers, and z ranges from 0 to 5 and includes non- stoichiometric values. In certain embodiments, at least 21 total carbon atoms are present among all the ligands' organic groups, such as at least 25, at least 30, or at least 35 carbon atoms. 10052] The ligands are independently selected from the group of:
ore Xe R,
Ha ps vo
ME! x RB ) /
SOY
/
Ky 3 R, )) / of Cen B] sand // N\ xy OT,
J / “ Tr , 7 N
No O——Ra
[6053] and mixtures thereof, wherein X, X;, X,, and Y are dependently selected from the group of oxygen and sulfur, and wherein R,, R,, and R are each independently selected from hydrogen and organic groups that may be the same or different. In one embodiment, the organic groups are hydrocarbyl groups such as alkyl (e.g., in which the carbon atom attached to the remainder of the ligand is primary or secondary}, aryl, substituted ary} and ether groups. In one embodiment, each ligand has the same hydrocarbyl group.
[6054] The term "hydrocarbyl" denotes a substituent having carbon atoms directly attached to the remainder of the ligand and is predominantly hydrocarbyl in character, exemplary substituents include the following: 10055] 1. Hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (for example alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (for example cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl) substituents, aromatic-, aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted aromatic nuclei and the like, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the ligand (that is, any two indicated substituents may together form an alicyclic group).
[06656] 2. Substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, those containing non- hydrocarbon groups which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbyl character of the substituent. Those skilled in the art are aware of suitable groups {e.g., halo, especially chloro and fluoro, amino, alkoxyl, mercapto, alkylmercaptoe, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, and the like). 10057] 3. Hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while predominantly hydrocarbon in character, contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the organic groups of the ligands have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil. For example, the number of carbon atoms in each group will generally range between about 1 to about 100, from about 1 to about 30 or between about 4 to about 20. In certain embodiments, the ligands include dialkyldithiophosphate, alkylxanthate, and dialkyldithiocarbamate. In one embodiment, the ligand is dialkyldithiocarbamate.
Organic ligands containing two or more of the above functionalities can also serve as ligands by binding to one or more of the cores. Those skilled in the art will realize that formation of the compounds provided herein requires selection of ligands having the appropriate charge to balance the core's charge. [60591 Compounds having the formula Mos Sy L, Qz to have cationic cores surrounded by amonic ligands and are represented by structures such as sys
Loe / xo Mo
Ne and et, WAC foe
TIS
Mos 10060) 6.
10061] and have net charges of +4. Consequently, in order to solubilize these cores the total charge among all the ligands must be -4. In one embodiment, four monoanionic ligands are present. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that two or more trinuclear cores may be bound or interconnected by means of one or more ligands and the ligands may be multidentate. This includes the case of a multidentate ligand having multiple connections to a single core. It is believed that oxygen and/or selenium may be substituted for sulfur in the core(s).
[0062] Oil-solubie or dispersible trinuclear molybdenum compounds can be prepared by reacting in the appropriate liquid(s)/soivent(s) a molybdenum source such as (NH4)2 Mos S13.n(H, O), where n varies between 0 and 2 and includes non-stoichiometric values, with a suitable ligand source such as a tetralkylthiuram disulfide. Other oil- soluble or dispersible trinuclear molybdenum compounds can be formed during a reaction in the appropriate solvent(s) of a molybdenum source such as of (NH), Mos Si3.n(H; O), a ligand source such as tetralkylthiuram disulfide, dialkyldithiocarbamate, or dialkyldithiophosphate, and a sulfur abstracting agent such as cyanide ions, sulfite ions, or substituted phosphines. Alternatively, a trinuclear molybdenum-sulfur halide salt such as [M']2 [Mos S7 AG |, where M' 1s a counter ion, and A is a halogen such as Cl, Br, or 1, may be reacted with a ligand source such as a dialkyldithiocarbamate or diatkyldithiophosphate in the appropriate liquid(s)/solvent(s) to form an oil-soluble or dispersible trinuclear molybdenum compound. The appropriate liquid/solvent may be, for example, aqueous or organic,
[0663] A compound's oil solubility or dispersibility may be influenced by the number of carbon atoms in the ligand's organic groups. In the compounds herein, at least 21 total carbon atoms should be present among all the ligands’ organic groups. In certain embodiments, the ligand source chosen has a sufficient number of carbon atoms in its organic groups to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the jubricating composition. 10064] The terms "oil-soluble" or "dispersible" used herein do not necessarily indicate that the compounds or additives are soluble, dissoivable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in the oil in all proportions. These do mean, however, that they are, for instance, soluble or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert their intended _17-
effect in the environment in which the oil 1s employed. Moreover, the additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if desired. 168653 The lubricating compositions provided herein contain the molybdenum compound at a concentration of at least about 10 ppm in terms of molybdenum content.
In certain embodiments, the molybdenum compound is at a concentration from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm in terms of molybdenum content. In certain embodiments, the molybdenum compound at a concentration from about 530 to 1500 ppm, or about 250 to 1200 ppm in terms of molybdenum content. In one embodiment, the molybdenum compound is at a concentration of about 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, or 1000 ppm in terms of molybdenum content.
[0066] The amount of molybdenum may be determined by Inductively Coupled
Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy using the method described in ASTM D5185. iii}. Zine dialkyldithiophosphate compounds 16067] The lubricating oil compositions provided herein additionally contain a zinc dialkyidithiophosphate compound. The alkyl group in the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is, for example, branched or non-branched alkyl containing 3 to 30 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the alkyl group has 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Exampies of alkyl groups include a straight or branched ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, methylpentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl groups.
[6068] These zinc dialkyldithiophosphate salts can be prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of one or more alcohol or a phenol with P.Ss and then neutralizing the formed DDPA with a zinc compound. For example, a dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reacting mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols. Alternatively, multiple dithiophosphoric acids can be prepared where the hydrocarbyl groups on one are entirely secondary in character and the hydrocarbyl groups on the others are entirely primary in character. To make the zinc salt, any basic or neutral zinc compound could be used but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most often employed. Commercial additives frequently contain an excess of zinc due to the use of an excess of the basic zinc compound in the neutralization reaction. 10065] In one embodiment, the oil soluble zine dialkyldithiophosphates may be produced from dialkykyldithiophosphoric acids (DDPA) of the formula:
RC > “ J on / su
[0670] The hydroxyl alkyl compounds from which the dialkyldithiophosphoric acids are derived can be represented generically by the formula ROH or ROH, wherein R or R’ 1s alkyl or substituted alkyl, in one embodiment, branched or non-branched alkyl containing 3 to 30 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, R or R’ is a branched or non- branched alkyl containing 3 to & carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include a straight or branched ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl groups.
[0071] In certain embodiments, the dialkyldithiophosphoric acids are prepared from mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and other polyhydroxy alkyl compounds, or mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. In one embodiment, the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is derived from a single primary alcohol. In one embodiment, the single primary alcohol is 2- ethylhexanel. In one embodiment, the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is derived from one or more secondary alkyl alcohols. In one embodiment, the mixture of secondary alcohols is a mixture of 2-butanol and 4-methyl-Z-pentanol.
[6072] The zinc salts can be prepare from the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids by reacting with a zinc compound. In some embodiments, a basic or a neutral zinc compound is used. In other embodiments, an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of zinc is used. 10073] The phosphorus pentasulfide reactant used in the dialkyldithiophosphoric acid formation step may contain certain amounts of one or more of P;Ss3, P4Ss. P4Sq, or
P4Sq. Compositions as such may also contain minor amounts of {ree sulfur. In certain embodiments, the phosphorus pentasulfide reactant is substantially free of any of P38,
P4Sa, P4S7, and P4So. In certain embodiments, the phosphorus pentasulfide reactant is substantially free of free sulfur. 10074] The phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In certain embodiments, the phosphorus content derived from the zinc diaikyldithiophosphate compound 1s about 200 to 400 ppm. In one embodiment, the phosphorus content derived from the zine dialkyidithiophosphate compound is about 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 ppm. In one embodiment, phosphorus content derived from the zine dialkyldithiophosphate compound 1s about 250 ppm.
[0675] The following additive components are examples of some of the components that can be favorably employed in the present invention. These examples of additives are provided to illustrate the present invention, but they are not intended to limit it: 1} Metal Detergents 10676] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition provided herein comprises at least a neutral or overbased metal detergent as an additive, or additive components. In certain embodiments, the metal detergents in lubricationg oil compositions acts as a neutralizer of acidic products within the oil. In certain embodiments, the metal detergent prevents the formation of deposits on the surface of an engine. Depending on the nature of the acid used, the detergent may have additional functions, for example, antioxidant properties. In certain aspects, lubricating oil compositions contain metal detergents comprising either overbased detergents or mixtures of neutral and overbased detergents. The term "overbased" is intended to define additives which contain a metal content in excess of that required by the stoichiometry of the particular metal and the particular organic acid used. The excess metal exists in the form of particles of inorganic base, e.g. a hydroxide or carbonate, surrounded by a sheath of metal salt. The sheath serves to maintain the particles in dispersion in a liquid oleaginous vehicle. The amount of excess metal is commonly expressed as the ratio of total equivalence of excess metal to equivalence of organic acid and is typically 0.1 to 30.
10677) Some non-limiting examples of suitable metal detergents include sulfurized or unsulfurized alkyl or alkenyl phenates, alkyl or alkenyl aromatic sulfonates, borated sulfonates, suifurized or unsulfurized metal salts of multi-hydroxy alkyl or alkenyl aromatic compounds, alkyl or alkenyl hydroxy aromatic sulfonates, sulfurized or unsulfurized alkyl or alkenyl naphthenates, metal salts of alkanoic acids, metal salts of an alkyl or alkenyl multiacid, and chemical and physical mixtures thereof. Other non- limiting examples of suitable metal detergents include metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates and combinations thereof. The metal can be any metal suitable for making sulfonate, phenate, salicylate or phosphonate detergents.
Non-hmiting examples of suitable metals include alkali metals, alkaline metals and transition metals. In some embodiments, the metal is Ca, Mg, Ba, K, Na, Li or the like.
An exemplary metal detergent which may be employed in the lubricating oil compositions inchides overbased calcium phenate. 186078] Generally, the amount of the metal detergent additive can be less than 10000 ppm, less than 1000 ppm, less than 100 ppm, or less than 10 ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, the amount of the metal detergent is from about 0.001 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable detergents have been described in Mortier et : al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapter 3, pages 75-85 (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and
Applications,” New York, Marcel Dekker, Chapter 4, pages 113-136 (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 2) Anti Wear and/or Extreme Pressure Agents 16079] In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can oadditionally comprise anti wear or extreme pressure agents. Wear occurs in all equipment that has moving parts in contact. Specifically, three conditions commonly lead to wear in engines: (1) surface-to-surface contact; (2) surface contact with foreign matter; and (3) erosion due to corrosive materials. Wear resulting from surface-to-surface contact 1s friction or adhesive wear, from contact with foreign matter is abrasive wear, and from contact with corrosive materials 1s corrosive wear. Fatigue wear 1s an additional type of wear that is common in equipment where surfaces are not only in contact but also experience repeated stresses for prolonged periods. Abrasive wear can be prevented by installing an efficient filtration mechanism to remove the offending debris. Corrosive wear can be addressed by using additives which neutralize the reactive species that would otherwise attack the metal surfaces. The control of adhesive wear requires the use of additives called antiwear and extreme-pressure (EP) agents.
[0080] Under optimal conditions of speed and load, the metal surfaces of the equipment should be effectively separated by a lubricant film. Increasing load, decreasing speed, or otherwise deviating from such optimal conditions promote metal-to- metal contact. This contact typically causes a temperature increase in the contact zone due to frictional heat, which in turn leads to the loss of lubricant viscosity and hence its film-forming ability. In certain embodiments, antiwear additive and EP agents offer protection by a similar mechanism. In certain embodiments, EP additives require higher activation temperatures and load than antiwear additives.
[6081] Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that antiwear and/or EP additives function by thermal decomposition and by forming products that react with the metal surface to form a solid protective layer. This solid metal film fills the surface asperities and facilitates effective film formation, thereby reducing friction and preventing welding and surface wear.
[0082] Most antiwear and extreme pressure agents contain sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, boron, or combinations thereof. The classes of compounds that inhibit adhesive wear include, for example, allyl and aryl disuifides and polysulfides; dithjocarbamates; chlorinated hydrocarbons; and phosphorus compounds such as alkyl phosphites, phosphates, dithiophosphates, and alkenylphosphonates.
[0083] Exemplary antiwear agents that can be included in the lubricant oil compositions provided herein include metal (e.g, Pb, Sb, and the like) salts of dithiophosphate, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, and the like) saits of dithiocarbamate, metal (e.g.. Pb,
Sb and the like) salts of fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphate esters, phosphite esters, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters or thiophosphoric acid esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acids and combinations thereof. The amount of the anti-wear agent may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable anti-wear agents have been described in
Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications,” New York,
Marcel Dekker, Chapter 8, pages 223-258 (2003), which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0084] In one embodiment, the sulfated ash content of the total lubricating oil composition is less than 5 wt.%, less than 4 wt. %, less than 3 wt.%, less than 2 wt.%, or less than 1 wt.%, as measured according to ASTM D874.
[6085] In one embodiment, the EP agents for use in the lubricant oil compositions include alkyl and aryl disulfides and polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, chiorinated hydrocarbons, dialkyl hydrogen phosphites, and salts of alkyl phosphoric acids. Methods of making these EP agents are known m the art. For example, polysulfides are synthesized from olefins either by reacting with sulfur or sulfur halides, followed by dehydrohalogenation. Dialkydithiocarbamates are prepared either by neutralizing dithiocarbamic acid (which can be prepared by reacting a diakylamine and carbon disulfide at low temperature) with bases, such as antimony oxided, or bv its addition to activated olefins, such as alkyl acrylates. 10086] In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions comprise one or more EP agents. In one embodiment, use of more that one EP agent leads to synergism.
For example, synergism may be observed between sulfur and chlorine-containing EP agents. An exemplary lubricating oil composition provided herein includes one or more
EP agents selected from: zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (primary alkyl type & secondary ailevl type), sulfurized oils, diphenyl sulfide, methyl trichlorostearate, chlorinated naphthalene, fluoroalkylpolysiloxane, and lead naphthenate. 3. Rust inhibitors (Anti Rust Agents)
[0687] Protection against rust is an important consideration in formulating lubricants. Without protection, rust ultimately causes a loss of metal, thereby lowering the integrity of the equipment, and resulting in engine mal-function. In addition, corrosion exposes fresh metal that can wear at an accelerated rate, perpetuated by the metal ions that might be released mto the fluid and act as oxidation promoters.
[0088] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a rust inhibitor that can inhibit the corrosion of metal surfaces. Any rust inhibitor known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition.
The rust inhibitors attach themselves to metal surfaces to form an impenetrable protective film, which can be physically or chemically adsorbed to the surface. Specifically, film formation occurs when the additives interact with the metal surface via their polar ends and associate with the lubricant via their nonpolar ends. Suitable rust inhibitors may inciude, for example, various nonionic polyoxyethylene surface active agents such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether, polvoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol mono-oleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate. Suitable rust inhibitors may further include other compounds such as, for example, monocarboxylic acids (e.g., 2-ethythexanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, cerotic acid and the like), oil-soluble polycarboxylic acids (e.g., those produced from tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like), alkenylsuccinic acids in which the alkenyl group contains 10 or more carbon atoms (e.g., tetrapropenylsuceinic acid, tetradecenylsuccinie acid, hexadecenylsuccinic acid, and the like); long-chain alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids having a molecular weight in the range of 600 to 3000 daltons and combinations thereof.
Further examples of rust agents include metal soaps, fatty acid amine salts, metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid, partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhvdric alcohol, and phosphoric ester. 4, Demulsifiers
[6089] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a demulsifier that can promote oil-water separation in lubricating oil compositions that are exposed to water or steam. Any demulsifier known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable demulsifiers include anionic surfactants {e. g., alkyl-naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and the like}, nonionic alkoxylated alkylphenol resins, polymers of alkylene oxides (e.g., polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like), esters of oil soluble acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the demulsifiers for use herein mciude block copolymers of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide and initiators, such as, for example, glycerol, phenol, formaldehyde resins, soloxanes, polyamines, and polyols. In certain embodimetns, the polymers contain about 20 to about 50% ethylene oxide. These materials concentrate at the water-oil interface and create low viscosity zones, thereby promoting droplet coalescence and gravity-driven phase separation. Low molecular weight materials, such as, for example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of dialkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids, are also useful in certain applications. The amount of the demulsifier may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable demulsifiers have been described in Mortier ef al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapter 6, pages 190-193 (1996), which is incorporated herein by reference. 5. Friction Modifiers
[6090] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a friction modifier that can lower the friction between moving parts. Any friction modifier known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. They are typically long-chain molecules with a polar end group and a nonpolar linear hydrocarbon chain. The polar end groups either physically adsorb onto the metal surface or chemically react with it, while the hydrocarbon chain extend into the lubricant. The chains associated with one another and the lubricant to form a strong lubricant film.
[0091] Non-limiting examples of suitable friction modifiers include fatty carboxylic acids; derivatives (e.g., alcohol, esters, borated esters, amides, metal salts and the like) of fatty carboxylic acid; mono-, di- or tri-alky! substituted phosphoric acids or phosphonic acids; derivatives (e.g., esters, amides, metal salts and the like) of mono-, di- or tri-alkyl substituted phosphoric acids or phosphonic acids; mono-, di- or tri-alkyl substituted amines; mono- or di-alkyl substituted amides and combinations thereof.
[0092] In one embodiment, the friction modifier is a saturated fatty acid containing a 13 to 18 carbon chains. The amount of the friction modifier may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about
0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Some suitable friction modifiers have been described in Mortier et al., “Chemistry and
Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapter 6, pages 183-187 (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications,” New
York, Marcel Dekker, Chapters 6 and 7, pages 171-222 (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 6. Pour Point Depressants
[0093] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a pour point depressant that can lower the pour point of the lubricating oil composition.
Any pour point depressant known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. In certain embodiments, pour point depressants possess one or more structural features selected from: (1) polymeric structure; (2) waxy and non- waxy components; (3) comb structure comprising a short backbone with long pendant groups; and (4) broad molecular weight distribution. Non-limiting examples of suitable pour point depressants include polymethacrylates, alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, alkyl fumarate polymers, di(tetra-paratfin phenol)phthalate, condensates of tetra-paraffin phenol, condensates of a chlorinated paraffin with naphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes, styrene esters, oligomerized alkyl phenols, phthalic acid esters, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the pour point depressant is selected from tetra (long-chain) alkyl silicates, phenyltrstearyloxysilane, and pentaerythritol tetrastearate. In some embodiments, the pour point depressant comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, pelvalkyl styrene or the like. The amount of the pour point depressant may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable pour point depressants have been described in
Mortier et al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer,
Chapter 6, pages 187-189 (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives:
Chemistry and Applications,” New York, Marcel Dekker, Chapter 11, pages 329-354 (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 7. Foam Inhibitors
[6054] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a foam inhibitor or an anti-foam that can break up foams in oils. Any foam inhibitor or anti-foam known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-foams include silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, {tuorosilicones, alkoxylated aliphatic acids, polyethers (e.g, polyethylene glycols), branched polyvinyl ethers, alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, polyalkoxyamines and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-foam comprises glycerol monostearate, polygiycol palmitate, a triatkyl monothiophosphate, an ester of sulfonated ricinoleic acid, benzoylacetone, methyl salicylate, glycerol monooleate, or glycerol dioleate. The amount of the anti-foam may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable anti-foams have been described in Mortier et al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapter 6, pages 190-193 (1996), which is incorporated herein by reference. 8. Metal Deactivators
[0095] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises at least a metal deactivator. Some non-limiting examples of suitable metal deactivators include disalicylidene propylenediamine, triazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, and mercaptobenzimidazoles. 9. Dispersants
[6096] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can optionally comprise a dispersant that can prevent sludge, varnish, and other deposits by keeping particles suspended in a colloidal state. In certain embodiments, dispersants perform these functions via ene or more means selected from: (1) solubilizing polar contaminants in their micelles; (2) stabilizing colloidal dispersions in order to prevent aggregation of their particles and their separation out of oil; (3) suspending such products, if they form, in the bulk lubricant; (4) modifying soot to minimize its aggregation and oil thickening; and (5) lowering surface/interfacial energy of undesirable materials to decrease their tendency to adhere to surfaces. The undesirable materials are typically formed as a result of oxidative degradation of the lubricant, the reaction of chemically reactive species such as carboxylic acids with the metal surfaces in the engine, or the decomposition of thermally unstable lubricant additives such as, for example, extreme pressure agents.
[6097] In certain aspects, a dispersant molecule comprises three distinet structural features: (1) a hydrocarbyl group; (2) a polar group; and (3) a connecting group or a link.
In certain embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group is polymeric in nature, and has a molecular weight of at or above about 2000 Daltons, in one embodiment, at or above about 3000 Daltons, in another embodiment, at or above about 5000 Daltons, and in yet another embodiment, at or above about 8000 Daltons. A variety of olefins, such as polyisobutylene, polypropylene, polvaiphaolefing, and mixtures thereof, can be used to make suitable polymeric dispersants. In certain embodiments, the polymeric dispersant 1s a polyisobutylene-derived dispersant. Typically the number average molecular weight of polyisobutylene in those dispersants ranges between about 500 and about 3000 Daltons, or, In some embodiments, between about 800 to about 2000 Daltons, or in further embodiments, between about 1000 to about 2000 Daltons. In certain embodiments, the polar group in the dispersant is nitrogen- or oxygen-derived. Nitrogen-based dispersants are typically derived from amines. The amines from which the nitrogen-based dispersants are derived are often polyalkyienepolyamines, such as, for example, diethylenetriamine and trethylenetetramine. Amine-derived dispersants are also called nitrogen- or amine-dispersants, while those derived from alcohol are also called oxygen or ester dispersants. Oxygen-based dispersants are typically neutral while the amine- based dispersants are typically basic.
[6398] Non-limiting examples of suitable dispersants include alkenyl succinimides, alkenyl succinimides modified with other organic compounds, alkenyl succinimides modified by post-treatment with ethylene carbonate or boric acid, succiamides, succinate esters, succinate ester-amides, pentaerythritols, phenate-salicylates and their post-treated analogs, alkali metal or mixed alkali metal, alkaline earth metal borates, dispersions of hydrated alkali metal borates, dispersions of alkaline-earth metal borates, polyamide ashless dispersants, benzylamines, Mannich type dispersants, phosphorus-containing dispersants, and combinations thereof. The amount of the dispersant may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Some suitable dispersants have been described in Mortier ef al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapter 3, pages 86-90 (1996); and Leslic R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and
Applications,” New York, Marcel Dekker, Chapter 5, pages 137-170 (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 10. Anti-Oxidants
[6699] Optionally, the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can further comprise an additional antioxidant that can reduce or prevent the oxidation of the base oil. Any antioxidant known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the tubricating oil composition. Examples of anti oxidants useful in the compositions include, but are not limited to, phenol type (phenolic) oxidation inhibitors, such as 4.4' methylene bis(2,6 di tert butylphenol), 4,4" bis(2,6 di tert-butylphenol), 4,4" bis(2 methyl 6 tert butylphenol), 2,2" methylene bis(4-methyl 6 tert butylphenol), 4,4 butylidene bis(3 methyl 6 tert butylphenol), 4,4" isopropylidene bis(2,6 di tert butylphenol), 2.2" methylene bis(4-methyl 6 nonylphenol}, 2,2" isobutylidene bis(4,6 dimethylphenol), 2,2" 5 methylene bis(4 methyl 6 cyclohexylphenol), 2,6 di tert butyl 4-methylphenol, 2,6 di tert butyl 4 ethylphenol, 2.4 dimethyl 6 tert butyl-phenol, 2,6 di tert | dimethylamino p cresol, 2,6 di tert 4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol), 4,4' thiobis(2 methyl 6 tert butylphenol}, 2,2'- thiobis(4 methyl 6 tert butylphenol), bis(3 methyl 4 hydroxy 5 tert-10 butylbenzyl) sulfide, and bis(3,5 di tert butyl 4 hvdroxybenzy!). Diphenyiamine type oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to. alkylated Siphonyluming, phenyl alpha naphthylamine, and alkylated alpha naphthylamine, suifur-based antioxidants (e.g., dilauryl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, sulfurized phenolic antioxidants and the like}, phosphorous-based antioxidants (e.g., phosphites and the like), zinc dithiophosphate, oil- soluble copper compounds and combinations thereof. Other types of oxidation inhibitors include metal dithiocarbamate (e.g., zinc dithiocarbamate), and 15 methylenebis{dibutyldithiocarbamate). The amount of the antioxidant may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Some suitable antioxidants have been described in Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant
Additives: Chemistry and Applications,” New York, Marcel Dekker, Chapter 1, pages 1- 28 (2003), which is incorporated herein by reference.
11. Multifunctional Additives {0061001 Various additives mentioned or not mentioned herein can provide a multiplicity of effects to the lubricant ail composition provided herein. Thus, for example, a single additive may act as a dispersant as well as an oxidative inhibitor.
Multi-functional additives are well known in the art. Other suitable multi-functional additives may include, for example, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum organo pohosphoro dithioate, oxymolybdenum monoglyceride, amine-molybdenum complex compound, and sulfur-containing molybdenym complex compounds. 12. Viscosity Index Improvers [00161} In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil composition comprises at least a viscosity index improver. Some non-limiting examples of suitable viscosity index improvers include polymethacrylate type polymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, hydrated styrene-isoprene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and dispersant type viscosity index improvers.
Processes of Preparing Lubricating Oil Compositions
[661062] The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be prepared by any ) method known to a person of ordinary skill in the art for making lubricating oils. In some embodiments, the base oil is biended or mixed with an oil-soluble molybdenum compound; a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and optionally an additive. In certain embodiments, the oil-soluble molybdenum compound; a zine dialkyldithiophosphate are premixed followed by addition of the base oil. In other embodiments, the o1l-soluble molybdenum compound and zinc dialkyidithiophosphate can be added to the base oil individually or simultaneously. In some embodiments, the oii-soluble molybdenum compound, zinc diatkyldithiophosphate and the optional additives are added to the base oil individually in one or more additions and the additions may be in any order. In other embodiments, the ester base stocks and the additives are added to the base oii simultaneously. In some embodiments, the oil-soluble molybdenum compound, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and the optional additives are premixed and the premix is added to the base o1l along with a viscosity index improver. 160103] Any mixing or dispersing equipment known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used for blending, mixing or solubilizing the ingredients. The blending, mixing or solubilizing may be carried out with a blender, an agitator, a disperser, a mixer (e.g., planetary mixers and double planetary mixers), a homogenizer (e.g., Gaulin homogenizers and Rannie homogenizers), a mill (e.g, colloid mill, ball mili and sand mill} or any other mixing or dispersing equipment known in the art.
Applications of the Lubricating Oil Compositions
[00104] In certain embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions provided herein is suitable for use as motor oils (that is, engine oils or crankcase oils), in a gasoline or diesel engine.
[66105] In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition provided herein is used to cool hot engine parts, keep the engine free of rust and deposits, and seal the rings and valves against leakage of combustion gases. The motor oil composition comprises a base oil, oil-soluble molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
Optionally, the motor oil composition may further comprises one or more other additives.
In some embodiments, the motor oil composition further comprises a pour point depressant, a detergent, a dispersant, an anti-wear, an antioxidant, a friction modifier, a rust inhibitor, or a combination thereof.
[06166] The following examples are presented to exemplify embodiments of the lubricant oil compositions provided herein but are not intended to limit the subject matter to the specific embodiments set forth. Unless indicated to the contrary, all parts and percentages are by weight. All numerical values are approximate. When numerical ranges are given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated ranges may still fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Specific details described in each example should not be construed as necessary features of the claimed subject matter.
Example 1
[60107] A lubricating oil composition was prepared and used for assessing boundary lubrication properties in the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test (ASTM D 6079). The composition contained a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and the following additives, to provide an SAE SW-20 finished oil; (1) 700 ppm in terms of molybdenum content, of a molybdenum dithiocarbamate (2) 1 wt % of a borated bis-succinimide dispersant (3) 4 wt % of an ethylene carbonate post-treated bis-succinimide (4) 164 ppm in terms of calcium content, of a 17 TBN calcium sulfonate detergent (5) 2220 ppm in terms of calcium content, of a 148 TBN calcium salicylate (6) 1 wt % of an alkylated diphenylamine (7) 0.2 wt % of hindered phenol (8) 0.2 wt % of a pour point depressant (9) 4.8 wt % of a non-dispersant ethylene-propylene copolymer concentrate (10) 5 ppm in terms of Silicon content, of a foam mhibitor (11) The remainder was diluent oil. Diluent oil can be a Gp 1 or Gp 2 base oil.
However, any diluent oil known to one of skill in the art could be used. : Example 2
[00108] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Exampie 1 except that 250 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of a zinc diatkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 250 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
[60109] The zinc dialkyidithiophosphate is synthesized using a mixture of C4 and
C6 secondary alcohols. The resulting zine dialkyldithiophosphate is a zinc bis(0,0’-di- (2-butyl/4-methyl-2-pentyl) dithiophosphate,
Example 3
[00110] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 1 except that 500 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 500 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 4 [Goi A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 1 except that 750 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 750 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oii composition.
Example 5
[00132] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 1 except that 1000 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 1000 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 6
[00113] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 1 except that 700 ppm interms of molybdenum content of an oxymolybdenum- succinimide complex was used in place of the molybdenum dithiocarbamate.
Example 7
[00114] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 6 except that 250 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 250 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 8
[90115] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 6 except that 500 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 500 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 9
[00116] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 6 except that 750 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 750 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 10
[60117] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 6 except that 1000 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 1000 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 11
[60118] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 1 except that the amount of molybdenum dithiocarbamate was reduced to 150 ppm in terms of molybdenum content, and 550 ppm in terms of molybdenum content of the oxymolybdenum-succinimide complex was added.
Exampie 12
[00119] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 11 except that 250 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialleytdithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 250 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 13
[00120] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 11 except that 500 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyidithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 500 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 14
[00121] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 11 except that 750 ppm in terms of phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 750 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Example 15
[00122] A lubricating oil was prepared in accordance with the formulation of
Example 10 except that 1000 ppm in terms % phosphorus content of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate was added. The composition contained 1000 ppm phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
Test Procedure
The High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test (ASTM D 6079) is designed to evaluate boundary lubrication properties. In this method, a 2 mL sample is placed in the test reservoir of an HFRR and adjusted to a standard temperature. When the sample temperature has stabilized, a vibrator arm holding a non-rotating steel ball is lowered until it contacts a test disk completely submerged in the sample. The ball is caused to rub against the disk.
[60123] The compositions of Examples 1-15 were tested using a 120°C oil reservoir temperature and were subjected to a 1000 g load. The ball was caused to rub against the disk with a I mum stroke at a frequency of 20 Hz for 60 min.
[00124] This test was run using samples from Examples 1 — 15 and the results are shown in Table 2. A graphic description of these results is found in Figure 1.
TABLE 2 content Average Average
Example Mo Source {ppm} Friction Coefficient Friction Coefficient 2 MoDTC' 250 0.079 0.053 3 MoDTC! 500 0.083 0.069 4 MoDTC' 750 0.077 0.071
MoDTC! 1000 0.078 0.076 6 Mo-succ” 0 0.16 0.16 7 Mo-suce” 250 0.065 0.050 8 Mo-suce’ 500 0.080 0.058 9 Mo-suce” 750 0.080 0.064
Mo-suce’ 1000 0.086 0.073 11 Mixed’ 0 0.17 0.16
12 Mixed’ 250 0.052 0.052 13 Mixed’ 500 0.083 0.065 14 Mixed 750 0.074 0.060
Mixed’ 1000 0.076 0.066 molybdenum content of 700 ppm. “Lubricating oil compositions with molybdenum-succinimide complex had a total molybdenum content of 700 ppm. “Lubricating oil composition contained a mixture of 150 ppm Mo of MoDTC and of 550 ppm Mo of molybdenum-succinimide complex. The lubricating oil composition had a total molybdenum content of 700 ppm (150 ppm Mo from MoDTC and 550 ppm
Mo from Mo-succinimide complex). “Phosphorous content in ppm of the zine dialkyldithiophosphate employed in
Examples 1 — 15.
[00125] In addition to measurement of the overall average friction coefficient, the last 10 minute average friction coefficient was determined. This coefficient is useful because it takes approximately 15 minutes from the start of the test until there is a low friction film on the metal surface. Both sets of data show friction coefficient minima at phosphorus levels of 250 ppm.
[00126] While the lubricant oil compositions provided herein have been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, the specific features of one embodiment should not be attributed to other embodiments of the subject matter claimed herein. No single embodiment is representative of all aspects of the claimed subject matter. In some embodiments, the methods may include numerous steps not mentioned herein. In other embodiments, the methods do not include, or are substantially free of, steps not enumerated herein. Variations and modifications from the described embodiments exist. It is noted that the methods for producing the compositions disclosed herein are described with reference to a number of steps. These steps can be practiced in any sequence. One or more steps may be omitted or combined but still achieve substantially the same results. The appended claims intend to cover all such variations and modifications as falling within the scope of the claims.
[00127] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Although the foregoing has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
- CLAIMS What is claimed is: L A lubricating oil composition comprising: i} a major amount of a base oil, ii} at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and 11) a zine dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at least 10 ppm Molvbdenum based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound 1s about 200 ppm to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.2. The lubricating oti composition of claim 1, wherein the oil-soluble molybdenum compound is selected from molybdenum dithiocarbamate. molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiophosphinate, molybdenum xanthate, molybdenum thioxanthate, molybdenum sulfide and a mixture thereof.3. The lubricating oi! composition of any one of the preceding claims. wherein the oil-soluble molybdenum compound is selected from molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum-succinimide complex and a mixture thereof.4. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound 1s from about 10 to 10,000 ppm molybdenum based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.5. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is from about 50 to 1500 ppm molybdenum based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.0. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is from about 250 to 1200 ppm molybdenum based on the total weight of the lubricating oil COMpOSItion.7. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate comprises a straight or branched alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.8. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims. wherein the zine dialkyldithiophosphate comprises an alkyl selected from ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, methylpentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonvl, decyl, undecvl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl.9. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphaie compound is about 200 ,250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.10. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 250 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.11. The lubricating oil composition of any one of the preceding claims further comprising at ieast one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, multi- functional additives, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, dispersants. corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers and combinations thereof.12. A method of making a lubricating oil composition comprising the step of mixing: 1) a major amount of a base oil, 1i) at least one oil-soluble molybdenum compound and 111) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is at least 10 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.13. A method of lubricating a motor engine comprising the step of operating the engine with the lubricating oil composition of any one of claims I to 11.14. The method of claim 12, wherein the molybdenum content derived from the molybdenum compound is from 10 to 10,000 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.15. The method of any one of claims 12 and 14, wherein the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 200 ,250, 300,350. 400, 450 or 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.i. The method of claim 15, wherein the phosphorus content derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound is about 250 ppm based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 4G
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/004,194 US20090163392A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2007-12-20 | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SG173314A1 true SG173314A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
Family
ID=40577937
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG2011045267A SG173314A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-11 | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate |
SG200809150-6A SG153756A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-11 | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG200809150-6A SG153756A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-11 | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20090163392A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2078745A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2009149890A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2645411A1 (en) |
SG (2) | SG173314A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102812111B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2014-06-04 | 范德比尔特化学品有限责任公司 | Ultra low phosphorus lubricant compositions |
FR2964115B1 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2013-09-27 | Total Raffinage Marketing | ENGINE LUBRICANT |
JP5796869B2 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-10-21 | シェブロンジャパン株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
FR2983867B1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2014-08-22 | Total Raffinage Marketing | ENGINE LUBRICANT FOR HYBRID OR MICRO-HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLES |
JP5823329B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-11-25 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines |
FR2990213B1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2015-04-24 | Total Raffinage Marketing | LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR ENGINE |
FR2990214B1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2015-04-10 | Total Raffinage Marketing | ENGINE LUBRICANT FOR HYBRID OR MICRO-HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLES |
US8400030B1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2013-03-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Hybrid electric transmission fluid |
FR2998303B1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-04-10 | Total Raffinage Marketing | LUBRICANT COMPOSITION |
CN104232271B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-01-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Lubricant oil composite and application thereof |
CN104342259B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Lubricant oil composite |
CN104927974A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-23 | 农光功 | Lubricating oil |
RU2724054C2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2020-06-19 | ВАНДЕРБИЛТ КЕМИКАЛЗ, ЭлЭлСи | Additive for lubricant compositions containing a sulfur-containing and sulfur-free organic compound of molybdenum and triazole |
FR3048433B1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2020-03-13 | Total Marketing Services | LUBRICATING COMPOSITION BASED ON NEUTRALIZED AMINES AND MOLYBDENE |
US10323205B2 (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-06-18 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions for reducing timing chain stretch |
JP6933010B2 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2021-09-08 | 東ソー株式会社 | Friction reducer and lubricating oil composition |
CN111607453A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-01 | 开封合成时代润滑科技有限公司 | Synthetic lubricating oil with stable storage performance and preparation method thereof |
CN115125050B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-06-02 | 苏州索迩电子技术有限公司 | Lubrication regulating oil and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1248643B (en) | 1959-03-30 | 1967-08-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio (V. St. A.) | Process for the preparation of oil-soluble aylated amines |
US3405064A (en) | 1963-06-06 | 1968-10-08 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricating oil composition |
US3368972A (en) | 1965-01-06 | 1968-02-13 | Mobil Oil Corp | High molecular weight mannich bases as engine oil additives |
US3574576A (en) | 1965-08-23 | 1971-04-13 | Chevron Res | Distillate fuel compositions having a hydrocarbon substituted alkylene polyamine |
US3272746A (en) | 1965-11-22 | 1966-09-13 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricating composition containing an acylated nitrogen compound |
US3539663A (en) | 1967-11-06 | 1970-11-10 | Allied Chem | Fibrillated fibers of a polyamide and a sulfone polyester |
US3649229A (en) | 1969-12-17 | 1972-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing high molecular weight mannich bases |
US3909430A (en) | 1972-08-07 | 1975-09-30 | Chevron Res | Lubricating composition |
US3968157A (en) | 1972-08-07 | 1976-07-06 | Chevron Research Company | Bisphosphoramides |
US4157309A (en) | 1977-09-30 | 1979-06-05 | Chevron Research Company | Mannich base composition |
US4164473A (en) | 1977-10-20 | 1979-08-14 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Organo molybdenum friction reducing antiwear additives |
US4201683A (en) | 1978-04-21 | 1980-05-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Alkanol solutions of organo molybdenum complexes as friction reducing antiwear additives |
US4192757A (en) | 1978-04-21 | 1980-03-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Alkyl phenol solutions of organo molybdenum complexes as friction reducing antiwear additives |
US4176074A (en) | 1978-09-18 | 1979-11-27 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Molybdenum complexes of ashless oxazoline dispersants as friction reducing antiwear additives for lubricating oils |
US4176073A (en) | 1978-09-18 | 1979-11-27 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Molybdenum complexes of lactone oxazoline dispersants as friction reducing antiwear additives for lubricating oils |
US4248720A (en) | 1979-05-03 | 1981-02-03 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Organo molybdenum friction-reducing antiwear additives |
US4265773A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-05-05 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
US4283295A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-08-11 | Chevron Research Company | Process for preparing a sulfurized molybdenum-containing composition and lubricating oil containing said composition |
US4285822A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-08-25 | Chevron Research Company | Process for preparing a sulfurized molybdenum-containing composition and lubricating oil containing the composition |
US4259194A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-03-31 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with basic nitrogen compounds and lubricants containing same |
US4259195A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-03-31 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of acidic molybdenum compound with basic nitrogen compound and lubricants containing same |
US4261843A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-04-14 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of acidic molybdenum compound with basic nitrogen compound and lubricants containing same |
US4263152A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-04-21 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
US4272387A (en) | 1979-06-28 | 1981-06-09 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
US4289635A (en) | 1980-02-01 | 1981-09-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for preparing molybdenum-containing compositions useful for improved fuel economy of internal combustion engines |
US4315826A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1982-02-16 | Texaco Inc. | Reaction products of carbon disulfide with thiomolybdenum derivatives of alkenylsuccinimides and lubricants containing same |
US4369119A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-01-18 | Chevron Research Company | Antioxidant combinations of molybdenum complexes and organic sulfur compounds for lubricating oils |
US4402840A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-09-06 | Chevron Research Company | Antioxidant combinations of molybdenum complexes and organic sulfur compounds for lubricating oils |
US4395343A (en) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-07-26 | Chevron Research Company | Antioxidant combinations of sulfur containing molybdenum complexes and organic sulfur compounds |
US4479883A (en) | 1982-01-06 | 1984-10-30 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Lubricant composition with improved friction reducing properties containing a mixture of dithiocarbamates |
US4474673A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1984-10-02 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Molybdenum-containing friction modifying additive for lubricating oils |
JPH07795B2 (en) * | 1987-08-19 | 1995-01-11 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
DE69322952T2 (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1999-05-27 | Chevron Chemical Co. Llc, San Francisco, Calif. | FUEL COMPOSITION FOR TWO-STROKE ENGINES |
US5672572A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1997-09-30 | Arai; Katsuya | Lubricating oil composition |
JPH07197069A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-08-01 | Tonen Corp | Lubricating oil composition |
US5696065A (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1997-12-09 | Asahi Denka Kogyo K. K. | Engine oil composition |
US6063741A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 2000-05-16 | Japan Energy Corporation | Engine oil composition |
US5744430A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Engine oil composition |
JP3719534B2 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 2005-11-24 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
US5814587A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-09-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Lubricating oil containing an additive comprising the reaction product of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate |
US6300291B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-10-09 | Infineum Usa L.P. | Lubricating oil composition |
JP3722484B2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2005-11-30 | シェブロンテキサコジャパン株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
US7026273B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2006-04-11 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil compositions |
US6500786B1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2002-12-31 | Infineum International Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
US6730638B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-05-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low ash, low phosphorus and low sulfur engine oils for internal combustion engines |
US7112558B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-09-26 | Afton Chemical Intangibles Llc | Lubricant composition containing phosphorous, molybdenum, and hydroxy-substituted dithiocarbamates |
US6723685B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-04-20 | Infineum International Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
US6797677B2 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-09-28 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Antioxidant combination for oxidation and deposit control in lubricants containing molybdenum and alkylated phenothiazine |
US6562765B1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-05-13 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Oil compositions having improved fuel economy employing synergistic organomolybdenum components and methods for their use |
US6696393B1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-24 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Methods and compositions for reducing wear in internal combustion engines lubricated with a low phosphorus content lubricating oil |
EP1405898A1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-07 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricant composition |
US20040087451A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Roby Stephen H. | Low-phosphorus lubricating oil composition for extended drain intervals |
US20040087452A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Noles Joe R. | Lubricating oil composition |
JP2004197002A (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Chevron Texaco Japan Ltd | Lubricating oil composition |
ATE538195T1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2012-01-15 | Infineum Int Ltd | LUBRICANT OIL COMPOSITIONS WITH LOW PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR AND SULFATED ASH CONTENTS |
JP4718159B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社Adeka | Engine oil composition |
US20060223724A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-05 | Gatto Vincent J | Lubricating oil composition with reduced phosphorus levels |
-
2007
- 2007-12-20 US US12/004,194 patent/US20090163392A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-06-02 EP EP08251912A patent/EP2078745A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-28 CA CA002645411A patent/CA2645411A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-11 SG SG2011045267A patent/SG173314A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-11 SG SG200809150-6A patent/SG153756A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-19 JP JP2008324545A patent/JP2009149890A/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 US US12/879,991 patent/US20100331224A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-03-23 US US13/429,175 patent/US20120184473A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-04-07 JP JP2014078796A patent/JP2014129552A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120184473A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
CA2645411A1 (en) | 2009-06-20 |
US20100331224A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
SG153756A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
EP2078745A1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
JP2014129552A (en) | 2014-07-10 |
JP2009149890A (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US20090163392A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2078745A1 (en) | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a molybdenum compound and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate | |
JP6325198B2 (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
CN101012407B (en) | Titanium-containing lubricating oil composition | |
CN102199468B (en) | Lubricant composition for improving engine performance | |
JP6707321B2 (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
CN102952609A (en) | Lubricant compositions containing a functionalized dispersant | |
CN103476909A (en) | Lubricant composition comprising anti-foam agents | |
WO2011158595A1 (en) | Lubricant composition for internal combustion engines | |
EP3310885B1 (en) | Multifunctional molybdenum containing compounds, method of making and using, and lubricating oil compositions containing same | |
CN105273804B (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
CN102676274B (en) | Lubricant compositions containing a functionalized dispersant for improved soot or sludge handling capabilities | |
KR20180003458A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions | |
CN1847377B (en) | A method of improving the stability or compatibility of a detergent | |
CN111819269A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions providing wear protection at low viscosity | |
JP2015227454A (en) | Lubricant composition | |
CN109863235B (en) | Motorcycle lubricating oil composition | |
CN106978231A (en) | The lubricating composition of salt containing carboxylic acid | |
JP5925929B2 (en) | Overbased metal sulfonate detergent | |
JP2019038995A (en) | Motorcycle lubricant | |
CA2646839A1 (en) | Lubricating oil compositions containing a tetraalkyl-napthalene-1,8 diamine antioxidant | |
JP2007146090A (en) | Lubricating composition | |
BRPI1003154A2 (en) | lubricating oil composition for crankcase applications | |
JP6226614B2 (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
JP5386164B2 (en) | Lubricating oil composition comprising tetraalkyl-naphthalene-1,8-diamine antioxidant | |
KR102626482B1 (en) | Lubricating oil compositions containing pre-ceramic polymers |