SE546005C2 - System and method for calcination - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments herein relate to a system 100 that for example may be used for calcination of lime mud. The system may 100 comprise an electrically heated first calcination chamber 222, configured to convert lime mud into first calcination process products comprising a solid compound and a gas in the form of carbon dioxide; a first separator 112, configured to receive said first calcination process products from said electrically heated first calcination chamber 222, and separate said solid compound from the carbon dioxide; a thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200, configured to receive said solid compound, and convert it into second calcination process products comprising calcium oxide and carbon dioxide; and a second separator 118, configured to receive said second calcination process products from the thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200, and separate said calcium oxide from said carbon dioxide.

Description

TECHNÉCAL FiELD Emeeeirnente nerein reiete in generei te eyetenie, eeearetusee ene nietneee ter tnerrnai treatment et eeiie enernieai cempeiinee, cemrneniy caiiee eaieinatien. in partietiier, emeeeimeitts nerein reiate te syeteins ane rttetneee 'ter eaieinetieit et iirne niue in e iirne reeevery eycie in tne eeiiuiese industry.

Tntie, enibeeiniente nerein reiate te eaieinatien system centigeratiene, eeieiitetien metneee eite eentrei inetneee ter en eieetrieeiiy neatee eeieiitetien eyetem, perticuieriy tiritn an eieetrie gee eiaenie generator ene mere pertieuiariy ter eaieinatien et iime mue.

BACKQROUNÜ in tne generei etireuit et eeepting ntentiteeturing ene precess ineiistiry te ee mere envireninenteiiy trieneiy ene te eeereeee inipeet en ciiniate eitange, tnere ie a neee ter increasing capacity ane etticieney in caicinatien preceee eeiutiene, ter exampie ter recevery et iime in paper rneittiteeturiitg, cement irieuetry er meta! ineuetry. in eenventieriei inetietriai preeeeeee, eaieinetieii ie carried eut in terneeee er kiiiie iistiaiiy neatee ey eemenstien er burning et teeeii teeie er eieteeis te aenieve tnerniai cieeemeesitien ei input inateriei. Tnis eenveittieitei itine et eeieinatien ie envirenmenteiiy entrieneiy ene nas uneeeiree inieaets en ciirnate enange. Cttner ereweacke ere ter exampie tnat the equipment ie puiity, tne ereeeee time ie ieng, tne process ie eitiietiit te centret, ane investment eeete ter instaiietien is nign. it nas been prepeeee in eetent petsiieetiene t/VO GE/Geeêiåü ane t/VO Gëifeeeêšt te eineiey eeiciitetien by ineene et eieetrieaiiy generetee ges eiasrne. Cemearee te eaieinatien ttfitn traeitienei turnaeee er kiine, eaieinatien in a eeieirtatien reaeter" neatee ey eiectrieaiiy generatee gas eiasrna etters meny aeveiwtagee. Caeeeity een tee inereaeee ey tuii eeeie eepieyfmertt, er in exieting eeieiiiatien taeiiitiee by eepieyrnent, et eiiepieinentary smeiier nteeeiee et eiectrieai gas pieenta eaieiitatery eyetertie. Seperetien et eertaen eiexiee (C62) een be cenciuctee witn e nign degree et eurity at iew eeet. Heat ean be reeeveree te a nigner degree. Levi/er inetaiiatien IÉ. costs. Further edventeges inciude higher energy efficiency, iow degree of emission, rapid process controi ahd possibilities to ittake the vvhoie iime recovery cycle more efficient.

QBJ ECT lt is e generai object of the present iriventioit to provide improved ceicination systern configuretions, ceiciriation methods and cohtroi methods for eiectriceiiy heated ceicination. hflore particuiar objects concern improved heat management ih the caicination process es vveil es improved ineteriei and medie flow in the caicinetion process.

SUMMARY The ebove indiceted arid other objects ere echieved by embodintents of ceicirietion systems end caicinetieri rhethods described herein.

En embodiments, a calcination system comprises: - an eleCtriCally heated first CalCination Chamber, Configured to Convert lime mud into first CalCination process products Comprising a solid compound and a gas in the form of carbon dioxide; - a first separator, Configured to receive said first CalCination process products from said eleCtriCally heated first CalCination Chamber, and separate said solid Compound from the carbon dioxide; - a thermally insulated second CalCination Chamber, Configured to receive said solid compound, and Convert it into second CalCination process products Comprising CalCium oxide and carbon dioxide; and - a second separator, Configured to receive said second CalCination process products from the thermally insulated second CalCination Chamber, and separate said CalCium oxide from said carbon dioxide. in embodiments, e caicinaticn method comprises: - injecting lime mud into an eleCtriCally heated first CalCination Chamber; - Converting, in said eleCtriCally heated first CalCination Chamber, lime mud into first CalCination process products Comprising a solid compound and a gas in the form of Carbon dioxide; - transferring said first calcination process products to a first separator; - separating, in said first separator, said solid compound from said gas in the form of carbon dioxide; - transferring said solid compound to a thermally insulated second calcination Chamber; - converting, in said thermally insulated second calcination chamber, said solid compound into second calcination process products comprising calcium oxide and gas in the form of carbon dioxide; - transferring said second calcination process products to a second separator; and - separating, in said second separator, said calcium oxide from said gas in the form of carbon dioxide.

Further enfbodlrnehts ere discioseo in the detailed description.

BRÉEF ÜESLÉRÉPTEÛN ÖF üRí-iilNiNíšå Erfibodinferits described herein will be further expieirfertl with reference to the aooornpahying drevvings, tft/heroin: FlG f shotvs a sohenfafio overview of a calcination stfstertf in acoordanoe vvith exempiifyirfg erfibodirfierits.

FlG 2 solterffatloeliy iliustretee a eeleirlation system in aoeordeltoe with exernpiifyihg ernbodirnonts.

FEG 3 eohernatloeliy iliusfrates an entbodlrwwent of e media eepereted heat exohenger ln eccordahce with exempiifyirig ernbodlrfients.

FlG 4 eonernatloaliy iliustrates a calcination lffethod in aooordenoe wlth exernpiiftflrwg enthodinterwts.

DETAÉLED ÜESCRÉPTEÜN FlG i shows a sohernafio overview of en exernpllfying ernbodirnent of a oeloinetiorf systern cohfignrecl for carryirfg out ernbodirnehte of celolrfetloh methods, here exemplifled by ah edaptatlon to eeleirlation of lime rnuo, for exernpie appiioable En a iirne reoovery oyole in THE oeilulose industry. However, enfbodinfeiwts are genereiiy useehie eitieier eentigiirehie ter eeieihetieiw er ether thenhei treetrnent et ether input nieterieis. in FiG t, system cenipeheitts ceniprisee er eptieheiiy ceniprisee ih enieeciiniehts ere sehemeticeiiy shewh with errews iheieetihg tievir cheriheis ter cemmunicetihg er trehspertiitg meteriei such es seiie cehipeuhes eitri/'er ges eneier heat between seiri sempenents. Deteiis erewn tfirith intermitteht iines ihciicete eetienei teetures in eeciitieii te the eehtiguretieii et iheiii erneeeirnents in tuiiy erewn iines. FiG "i eise serves es e schemetic tiew ehert ter einheeiinents et ceicinetien inethees.

FEG 2 schemeticeiiy iiiustretes eh exempiityihg erhheeihtent et e eeieihetieit system eehtigureti ter eerryirtg eut erheeciirherits et eeieihetieh rhethetis, here exempiitiee hy eh ecieptetieit te ceicinetien et time rnue, ter exempie eppiisehie ih e iirne recevery' eyeie in THE ceiiuiese industry.

Ceieiitetien Thermei treatment et e seiie chemicei cerhpetirtri is eemmeniy eeiieci ceicinetieh. ih such e precess, the cenipeuhe is heetee te e high terhpereture, heiew the rheiting peint et the seiie cnerhicei cerhpetiiici, genereiiy' tineer restrietee suppiy et eiheienit exygeh. "the geherei purpese rrieïr he te achieve tiierhiei cieeempesitien ehciíer te reiheve irnpurities er veietiie suiestences. Ceieiiietien ef lime Ceicirtetien et iirhe, in eecereence with ernbetiirnehts tiiscieseti hereiii, is ter exempie eppiieehie ih iime reeevery cycies in preeess ineustries such es the ceiiuiese inetistry, the eerheht inetistry er the rhetei irteustry. in such iirhe recevery sycies, iime eemprising erystei terms et eeieitiih eerpenete (CeCÜB) is titerhieiiy eeeentitiesee te ceiciiint exiee (Cetiš), eise ceiiee ttuiek iirhe, ehti cerieen tiiexiee (CÜE). "the ceiciiietieh reectieh is Cetïüåts) Ceíšts) + Cüâig), where (s) cienetes seiie eernpetine ene (g) eenetes ges term cempeune.

Fer exempie, in the eeiiuiese industry, time rnue is e ey-tiiteeuct ehteinee in puip ihiiis es pert et the precess that turns weee inte puip ter paper. ih e puip iriiii, weeri chips ere eeeitee with seeiurn hyerexiee te extreet the irveee tieer iisett te iheke peper frem the iighiri tiiet hihcis the tveeci together. During this process, seeium hycirexirie is cehverteri te seeium cereeiiete. Ceicitirii exiee, eise itnewn es euick fl iime, is then added to conven: the sodium carboriate back to sodium hydroxide, in order to use it again. in the process, caicitirtt carbonate in the form of time rriud is obtained. Lime rnud is inainiy catciuin carbonate mixed tfiritn water, forrning a studge. the iirne mud is caicinated in order to retrieve caicium oxide in a iirne recovery cycie.

Before catcination, the time mud is preferabiv dried to an extent stiitabte for handting in connection vvitit and in the catcination process. For exarnpie, the input materiai such as time or tirne mud may be puiverized into a povvder in connection vvitn the drying. Simiiar processes as rnentioned above are appticabte in otner industries.

Caicinatiort of caiciurti carbonate begins to occur at about Sidi) degrees Ceisius, and normatty caicination taites piace at temperatures in the range Qtitid 'i du degrees tšeisius, whereby caiciiiin oxide and carbon dioxide is formed. The catcination reaction is reversibie, and ih order to avoid reforinuiatiort of catciunt carbonate ih the presence of carbon dioxide, the temperature must be rnaintained above tne caicinatioit temperature. Hovvever, vvitn temperatures raising to about 'i ttiti degrees Ceisius and above, the caicium oxide sinters. in the sintering process, the caicium oxide is compacting due to the pnenomertoh that catcium crystats coiiapse and form a soiid mass of materiai. The rate of sintering inereases vvith higher temperatures. Furthermore, water vapor (herein aiso catied steam) may be used as a cataiyst for sintering. in order to avoid sintering, the process shouid thus be kept tree from water vapor. in the caicination process, carbon dioxide is reteased from the catcium carbonate, and after sintering, the catcium exide is more stabie. After such a caicination process of time input materiai oontprising catcium carbonates being converted into otiick time, ie. caiciurn oxide, the quicktime is usuaity' staked with green tiduor. in order to matte the caicination process as efficient as possibie, it is desirabie to use high temperatures, as iong as there is a way to avoid sinteririg. Tne present disciosure proposes a system and method for caicination that avoids sinteriitg by iettirtg tne input materiai ftow ouickiy through an eiectricatiy heated first caicination Chamber, and then (after separating off the carbon dioxidei tetting the caicirtation process continue in a thermatiy insutated second caicination charnber. This aiiows tne caicinatioit process to start rapidiy, thanks to the high temperature used, but rernoves the first caicination process products from the etectricaitv heated first caicinatioit chamber before the sinterihg process begins. "the oertaon oioxide is sepereteo tront the soiid oornpound in e tirst seoeretor, end the soiid oontpound is then trensterrett inte e thernteiiy instiieted second oeioinetion oherriher, which is not heeteo. Since the soiitï oontoouno eireeciy hes e high ternoereture trorn heving been heeted ih the eieotrioeiiy heeteo tirst oeioinetioit ohenther, the oeioinetieit process tft/iii continue in the therrneiiy insuieted second oeioiitetion otiernher, eiheit et e siotver oeee. The soiid oontoouno rney rernein in the titentteiiy insuieted second oeioinetion ohernher untii the oeioinetion process is tinishee, eg. etter eoout one hour, ene then be trensterred into e second seoeretor, where the oerhon dioxicie is sepereted trorh the oeioitiin oxicie.

As ieng es the soiid oornpounci hes e ternpereture ehove 9% degrees Ceisius, the oeioinetion ttrooess wiii continue, eiheit et e siower oeoe es the temperature teiis. The thermeiiy insuieted second eeieinetion eiternher is preterehiy ierge enough to oontinuousiy reoeive soiio oornoound trorn the tirst seoeretor, end keep the soiid eorheound within the therrneiiy insuieted second eeioinetien ohernher untii virtueiit/ eii ot the soiid eorneotrrtd hes eeieineted into oetoiurrr oxioe. input for' rneteriet to be thernteiii/ treated by oetoinetitzrt As shovvn in FEGS t eno 2, en ernoooirnent ot e oeioinetion systern titt) oontorises en input “EÜZ tor rneteriei to be thernteiiy treeted, tor exerheie en input in the torrri ot e iinie ntud storege oonteiner. Typioeiiy, inout ineteriei such es dried iirne rtiud is eoeornrnotieteci in the input 1G? end rney oe oornrnunioeted vie e veive to e rnedie seoereted heet exehenger 194, or oireetiy to en eieetrioeiiy heeted tirst oeioinetioh ohenther 222. thus, emoodirnents ot the oeieinetiori system oonierise en input 162 ter reoeivirtg input rneteriei, tor exernpie in the terrn ot iinte rrrtrd. Errthooirneitts ot e oeioihetion rnethod oornorises reoeiving input rneteriei in the torrn ot iirne rnud.

Ernhodihfieitts tor time oeioirtetion rney he oontigtrred ter inout nteteriei in the torrn ot iirne rew rneteriei, vvhioh herein is rneteriei oontorising oeioiurrt oerhoiwete oonteirtiiig minereis or stihstenoes such es iirnestone, iirne siudge, ttoiontite, oeioium oohteining siudge. inieetion errengerrertt CT: An eanoooirnent ot the injection arrangenient 1% is shotiifn in FiCà 2. "ihe injection arrangernent tüiš is contigureo to cont/ey anti inject the input niateriai, tor examoie heateo iirne niuo, into an eiectricaiiy heateo tirst caicination charnher 222 ot a tirst caicination reactor 'itští The injection arrangentertt is in certain ernhooirnents coupieo to a oarticie separator ttO. Ernpooirnents ot the caicination systern tot) coniorises an injection arrangernent "itlitš contigureo to receive input rnateriai tront the media separateo heat exchanger ttli4, or oirectiy trorn the input tíiiå, and to inject inout rnateriai into an eiectricaiiy heateo tirst caicination charriioei' 222. išrncooianents ot a caicination rnethoci cornprises injecting inout niateriai into an eiectricaiiy heateo tirst caiciitation charrioei* 222. it is not necessary tor the systern tot) to have a rneoia separateo heat exchanger 194 - the input iriateriai inay instead he input oirectiy into the eiectricaiiy heateci first caicination charnpei* Ernhooirnents ot the injection arrangenient tütš cornprises an iniet for an injection gas suppiy tu? contigtired to enahie teeoing ot an injection gas at a controiiaoie pressure, tor exarnpie in the range ot t-š atrn (atniospheric pressure ahove vacuuni). The purpose oi the injection gas is to controi the injection rate, the injection pressure, the ciistripution and/or the ternperature ot the oreheated inout rnateriai injecteo into the eiectricaiiy heateo tirst caicination charnoer 222. in ernoooirnents, the iniet tor injection gas suopiy is controiiaoie hy one or niore actuators, preterahiy ccupieo to a controi unit 126. in enihooinieiwts aoaoteo to caicination ot iinie, the injection gas is carbon dioxioe or steam. The injection gas is in ernoooinients recycieo carhon ciioxirte recovereo trorn the caicination orocess.

Ernhooirnents ot an injection arrangerneitt “iiftß in a caicination systern tot) cornorises an injector iniet 292 contigureo to receive preheated inout itiateriai, tor exarnpie iirne niuo, troni a nieciia separateci heat exchanger "io-ri into a tiuici contiuctor contigureo tor transterring saio oreheateo input rnateriai to an injector 298; saici injector 268 heing contigureo to inject saio preheateo niateriai into an eiectricaiiy heateci “iirst caicinatiort chaniher 222; and an injection gas tili? stippiy contigureo to suppiy gas tor transfer ano injection ot input niateriai into saio eiectricaiiy heateo tirst caicination charnher 222. in errioooianents ot the injection arrangernent tüiš the injection gas 1G? is preheateo in an injection gas tuhe 219 conoiicteo through the nrieoia separateo heat exchanger in ernheoirnents eornhirwee with a eartieie seearater, the injection arrangernent 1% is oontigtirea such that saici intet 2:32 is oositioneci in a eavity centigurect to eornniiinioate oreheateo input ntateriai trern said rneoia seoarateci heat exehanger 1Q4 to a oarticie seoarator 1 t t) anci is eontigureci to receive a rising tiow ot oreheateo input ihateriai in a strearn ot injection gas 107. The injection gas 10? is in such ernhodirttents suoeiiett in a tiow such that srnaiier oarticies are iitteci hy' the injection gas stream. "this kind et configuration is suitahie in ernhooirnents vvherein the injeetor 2% is eontigureo to injeet saio ereheatee ineut inateriai into a torrna 214 et' an eieotric eiasnia generator et a tirst caiciitation reactor tGS. in other enihociinients et the injection arrangerrient 1%, the injector 298 is eontigureci to injeet the ereheatee input rnateriai inte the tirst oaioination eharnhei” 222 ot the tirst oaicinatioit reactor 1:58 in an inout itiateriai stream tangentiai in reiation to a gas oiasrna strearn generated hyr an eieetrie eiasnta generator et saie tirst caicination reaetor in enihociinients et the injection arrangerrient “iüti the injeetor iniet 2ti2 anti an oiitiet 218 tor saie injection gas suoeiy is eositioneci at an outiet 22G ot saio rneeia seoarateo heat exchanger ttt-fi.

Particie sejgarater' 'the oarticie seearator 119, aiso shovyn tor exanteie in FiG 2, is, in emhoaimeitts vifhere it is eornerisee, eontiguree to separate iarger ana heavier iurrtes et ereheatee rnateriai, such as iirne rtiuo, trern sntaiiei' and iighter eartioies ot rtiateriai. The particie seearator 119 is in enthoaintertts eevisee such that iiinttis ot rnateriai hy gravity taiis into a iurno eoiieotion container and stieh that srnaiier oarticies are iitteo hy a strearn ot oreheatect gas and iiieut inte the injeetor arrangernent 1%.

Erneoeirnents ot the oartieie seoarator is erovioeo iririth a eentroiiahie siieeiy ot heatett gas. in ernhooirtients the suooiy ot tteateci gas is oontroiiaoie hy one or rnore aetuators, ereterahiy coueiee to centret tinit 124. in ernheoirnents, the gas pressure in the particie seoarator is oontroiieo ioy eontroiiing the driving gas supoiy 1 G5 en the eeio side ot the nteoia seearatee heat exehanger 1ü Ernheeiinents ot the eaicinatioit system tet) eornerises a earticie seearator t til? eoueieo to the injection arrangernertt ttštš ano oontigureo to separate iarger iumos Ûf: and srnaiiei" particies oi soEid cornoound En input ntateriai, and to convey said srnaiier particies En a gas tiow to said injection arrangernent 196 tor injection into said eiectricaiiy neated first caicination cnaniber 222. Ešntbodinweiwts of tne caicination itietnod cornorises seoarating, in a perticie seoarator 'it9 coupied to tne injection arrangemertt 196, sucn tnat iarger iurnps and srriaiier particies ot soiid cornootirtd in iriout rnateriai are separated, and conveying said sniaiier particies En a gas fiow to said injection arrangernent 199 for injection into said eiectricaiiy neated first caicination cnarnber ine oariicie separator inay be configured or controiied sticn tnat particies of pre- neated input rttateriai tfvitn a size En tne range ot i to 1999 micronieters are input to tne caicination reactor 198 via tne injection arrangenient 196. tfVitn povirder tornt ine contact surface of tne inout rnateriai wiii become very iarge, Wiiereby tne contact tinte witn neat in tne caicination reactor can be rninirnized.

Eiectricaiív treated :first caicinatiriri reactor ine eiectricaiiy iieated 'first caicination citantber 222 is tnus coniigured to receive a tiow of pre-neated rnateriai, sdcn as iinie rnud, trorn tne injection arrangentent 199 and expose tne ntateiriai to neat generated by eiectricity. išinbodirnents oi tne caicination systern coinprises a tirst caicination reactor 198 being configured to convert input rnateriai received by nteans of said injection arrangernent 199 into caicinatioit process orodticts cornprisirig a soiid conipound arid a gas, for exarripie in tne torrn of carnort dioxide. Enibodinients of a caiciitation ntetnod contprise converting, En said eiectricaiiy neated first caicirtation cnarnber 222, input rnateriai into caicination process products comorisirtg a soiid contpound and a gas, for exantriie in tne forrn of carbon dEoxEde. in ernbodirftents, tne first caicination citantber 222 is eiectricaiiy treated by an eiectric gas oiasrna generator contigured to inject not gas piasrna, sdcn as carbon dEoxEde oiasrna, into tne first caicinatiori reactor ”E99 and possibiy rnaintain production ot gas piasnia in tne tirst caicination reactor 198 front gas, sucn as carbon dioxide, forrned in tne caiciitation process. in ernbodirnents apoiied for neat treatment of iirne rnud, tne iirne rnud tnat is exposed to tne neat of tne gas piasrtia Es converted to caicination process products in tne torrn of caiciurn oxide, aiso caiied cjuicit iirne, and carbon dioxide. ine first caicirtation reactor 198 is furtner coniigured te exit the heat-treated inateriai and if appiieabie eaieinatien preeess preduets te a first separater An eieetrie gas piasina generator, eenfprised in enfbedinfeitts ef the first eaieinatien reaeter stud, Es devised te suppiy energy via an eieetrie are ferrned hetvtfeeit eieetredes. Gas is ienized and an energetie gas piasrna is terrned. Such gas piasnta nerrnaiiy has a tentperattire in the range ef Cštiüti-riifiišu degrees Ceisius er rnere at the diseharge ef the gas piasrna generater. The gas piasnfa generator eenfprises a nezzie eaiied fernia eenfigured te injeet gas piasnia inte the first eaieinatien reaeter 1518. Pressurized gas rfiay be stippiied te the ferrna te evereenie a pressure drep eeeurriitg ever the gas piasnfa generator. The pressurized gas nfay he used te eentrei the tenfperattire ef the gas ttiasina.

Preheated input rnateriai is in the first eaieinatieif reaeter 'itfiiâ mixed with er exposed te het gas frem the piasnfa generater. The first eaieinatien reaeter “E68 is in erribedirnents eenfigured te baianee the expesure ef the pre-heated input rnateriai te heat at tee high ternperattire. Fer exarnpie, ter input rnateriai eernprising iirne with eaieiurn earbenate expesure te eaieinatien tenfperattiires exeeeding fíëuu degrees Ceisius rnay eritaii risk fer iriaetivatirig the iirne, aise eaiied dead burning ef the iirne. Cenfigtiring the first eaieinatien reaeter 1GB sueh that the input rnateriai tvhen inieeted in the first eaieiriatien reaeter H38 is in pewder ferrn, thus having a iarge surface, and such that the pewder formed input rnateriai is exposed te heat fer a iirnited peried ef tirne, enabies that Eriaetivatien ef the input iErne Es aveided.

Generaiiy, the input rnateriai is eaieinated during fragrnents ef seeerids te a few seeends. Caieinatien is preferabiy carried eut at atihespherie pressure, er at a srnaii üvêihfíšiïêâStiïtI-š O? Utiíltêiïßfíßëtifê. in etner ernbedirfients, the first baibinatien eitarnber 222 nfay be eiebtrieaiiy heated using resistive teehneiegy, niierewave er radie tivave teehneiegy, er ether eieetrieaiiy driven heating.

First seerater The first separater 112 is eenfigtireci te separate resuiting preeess preduets generated ey the heat treatment ef the rnateriai in the first eaieinatien eharnber 222, such as seiid eaieinatien preeess preduets and gas ferrneci baibinatieri preeess orooiicts in the forrn of carhon oioxioe, tfirhen eppiieci in a iirne recovery oyoie. "fhe temperature of the ceicinetion process proouots reeeiveci from the first ceicinetion oharriher 222 typioeiiy exoeeos QÜG degrees Ceisiiis. in the first separetor 112, ierger eitoior heavier partioies in the meteriai fiow input from the first ceicinetion chemher' 222 ere sepereteci from smeiier enoíor fighter pertioies eno ges. The ierger erici/or heevier partioies ere coiiecteo in e ooiieotioit hopper, eno resiciuai oeioirtetion process proouets in the form of gas, usuaiiy together ttrith e certain entoont of srneiier enoior fighter perticies, are conducted out from the first separetor 112. in ennpooirttertts, the first separetor 112 is e cyfciohe, en eieotric fiiter, or e seciimentation cieviee or seoimentetion arrengemeitt.

Emhociiments of the oeicinetion system "iÜG oomprises one or rnore first separetors tf2 configurert to separate seio soiio compoono from ges in the form of carport oioxioe. Emhociiments of e ceicination rttethoo comprises seperetirtg, in one or more first seperetors 112, said soiio oornpoono from gas, for exampie in the form of cerhon oioxioe. išmhociiments of the ceicinetion system 'i GG cornprises: e first separetor t 12 oonfigureo to receive oeioiitetion process proouots from the eieotrioeiiy heeteo first eeteiitation chemher' 222 end to seperete soiid compotino from the ges, for exerripie in the form of oeroori oioxioe. Errihooirnents of the ceicinatiori ntethoo, oontprise seperating, in e first seperetor 112, oeioirtetion process proouots received frorn the eiectrioeiiy heeteci first ceiciitetion ohernher 222 such that soiici compounci is separeteo from the ges, for exampie in the form of cerioon ctioxicie.

Triermefiv instiieteo' second ceícinefioit (member The thermeiiy instiieteo secorici ceicinetion ehemher Zoo is e nort~heeteo oeioinetion ohemher 299 configureo to receive e fiow of soiio oompouno from the first seperator išmhociiments of the ceicinetioh system “i GQ contprises e thermeiiy insuieteci second ceicinetion ohernher EGG oonfigoreo to convert soiict oompoonci received from the first separetor ft2 into seconci caicination process products oomprising oeioiom oxioe and cerhon oioxioe. Emhoctiments of e ceioinetion method comprise oonverting, in seio titerrtteiiy insuieteo seconci oeioinatiort ohemioer 21236, soiici oomoouno reoeiveti trom the tirst seoeretor 'i '52 into seoono oeieiiwetiori process proouots Coniprisihg Caieiunt oxioe sho earhoh oioxioe. ih emhooimeitts, the titemtaiiy insuiateci seeoho caicihstioit Chsmher 296 is oontigureo to rheintein e temperature shove ätit) oegrees Ceisius, in oroer tor the eeieihstioit proCess to eohtiittie within the titerrriaiiy instiieteci seeohci caicihetion eheihher ätit). Since the soiio oompouno sireeoyf hes s high ternperetore trorn having ioeeh heetett ih the eieotriceiiy tteeteci tirst ceioiitetion eiternher 222, the eeieirtetion proCess tft/iii Continue in the thermeiiy ihsuieteo secoho oeioiitetion Chamber ZGÜ without ttirther heetirtg. As iohg es the soiio Coinpouno hes e temperature shove Qui) ciegrees Ceisius, the ceicinetion process wiii continue, aiheit et e siower oace as the temperature teiis. "the thermsiiy insuisteo seconti ceicirietion ohernher 29% is preterehiy iarge enough to Contihooosiy receive soiio contpooho trom the first seperetor, sno keep the soiio sornpouno tfvithiiw the therrneiiy ihstiieteo seeono eeieihstioit Chemher 286 tihtii virtuaiiy eii ot the soiio oonioouno hes Caicinateo ihto eeieium oxioe end oerhoh oioxioe. Aiternetiveiy, the system tot) Comorises e nurnher ot pereiiei thermeiiy irisuieteo seeoho eeieinetion Chambers 2%, wiiere the CeiCinatioh process mey continue tor op to eg. one hour. "the titerntaiiy instiiateo seeoho csicinetion ohemher ZGG is eoniigureo to exit the second oeioinetiort process orootiots to e seCoho seoeretor Seorärttí sepairetrïif” The seCono esioihetion process products are conducted to e second seperator ttâš contigoreo to setterete the seconci oeioinstion orooess orociiiets. For exempie, reineiniitg soiio oompounos is seoereteo trom ges. in emioociiments the seoohti seperetor 118 is s cyCiohe. in enthooirnents ot the Ceioination system Contigureo tor iime recovery trorn iime muo, resiotiei ceicium oxicie is turther seoeretett 'irom oerhon oioxioe. Soiio oompotincis, such es eeieium oxioe in iime caicinetioh emhooiihents, is coiiesteo in e coiiectiori hopper anti the ges, such es oeroori oioxioe, is contiucteci to a tiiter arrehgenieht Since the oeiciitetion process stops when the temperature teiis heiovif QGG oegrees Ceisius, e heet reoovery systern :hey he errengeo etter the thermeiiy ihsuieteo seCoho Ceioinetion eiterriher 2%, to reeover the hest energy troni the second catcination process products. Such a heat rteccvery systern is preterabty arranged etter the separation ot the gas trorn the soiid cornpound. in entbodtrnents apptted tor ttrne recovery trorn a iirne rnud, the residuat catcinaticn process products output trcrn the second separator 118 ttriti cornprtse and usuatiy rttatniy consist ot carbon dtoxtde and ttnegratned residuat caicitirtt oxide (quick itnte). in ernbodirnents ot such ttnte recovery, a separation ratio in a cycioite variant ot the second saparator 118 woutd 'tor exarnpte ba in the range ot "få *Ett ot the catciurn oxtde (quick ttnte) input tront the second caicirtatton charnber ZGQ being cottacted tn the cottection hoppar and in tha range ot 25 “š/s ot the caiciurn oxide tdutck itnte) being output tront the second separator 118 together with carbon dtoxtde.

Erttbodintertts ot the caictrtatton sgrstant 1utïi cornprtses: a second saparator 118 conttgured to receive second caictnatton process products output trorn the therntatiy tnsutated second caicinattori chantber 2%, said second separator t 18 being conttgtired to turther separate soiid cornpound, tor exarnpie tn the tornt ot caiciurn oxide, trorn the gas, tor exarnpie En the tonn ot carbon dioxide. tšntbodinteiwts ot the catcirtation method coniprise saparating, in a second separator 118, second catcination process products received trorn the therrnatty insutateci second catcination charnber ÉQG, such that turther soiici cornpound, tor axarnpia in the torrn ot catciurn oxtde, is separated tront the gas, tor exarnpte in the torrn ot carbon d toxtde. Filter' arranganteitt "the tittar arrangernant 122 is contigured to tittar the gas cornportartt ot the catcination process products to a itigher degree ot purity betore coitecting, stortng and/or using the output gas. tn iinte catctnation antbodintartts, the gas component ot the catctnation process products ts carbon dioxide. En such ernbodtrnents, the ttiter arrahgerneiwt 122 wouid cornprise a ttiter adapted to titter carbon dtoxtde. "the ttitered gas cornportertt ot the catctnatton process products ts conducted to a gas output 124. it the ternperature ot the gas has been decreased to a iow temperature ot eg. Qui) degrees Ceistus, texttie titters rnay be appiied.

The titter arrangernent t22 is En erttpodirttents contigured to ttiter out possthie dust and such irnpunttes sttii present En the gas output trorn the second separator 1.118. The titter arrangemeiwt is setected to fit to the temoerature ieveis of the ges from said second separator t Erheodirttents of the caicinetton system cemprtses a titter' errangement 122 conttgured to receive gas, tor exampte in the torm ot carbon dioxide, frem one or mere ef the separators M2, 118 and to titter said ges te a higher degree et purity. Ernhodirnents of the caictnetton method cornprtses tittering, in a tttter errengement 122, ges, for examoie in the forrn of carbon dioxide, received frem one or rnore of the separetors it2, 118, such thet setd gas is fiitered to a higher degree ot purity.

Ges output The gas outout tätt is contigured to receive the gas contponent et the caictiwatton process preducts, and is tn different empodtrhents cenftgured to store, terrrperariiy or for e ionger term, or conduct the ges to the cetcinetion system itsett er to other systems andior processes. tn time cetcinetiort emhodiments the gas conducted te the ges output 124 woutd he carbon dioxide, end woutd in ernhodirttents he recircuiated to the catctrtation reactor H Centro! urvit A centret unit 125, comprised in emioedimertts, is configured to receive sensor signais, to generete centret signeis end to communicate centroi signeis through a controi port 128 connected to one or mere signat tines 13%. The one er more signat tines is schematicatiy indicated es an thtermittent itne that is connected to sensors andlor controi actuators (not shovvn) at different points and components ot the cetcinetiort system in order to centret varieus parameters. tššmhodimeitts et' the ceiciitatioh system "itiG contpristng a controi unit 126 communtcativety coupted to sensors and centroi actuators and configured to receive sensor signais, to generete centret signais end te communicate centret signeis through a controt port “E28 connected to ene or more signai iines tät) coupted to said sensers and centret actuators. Emoodtrnents of the cetcinetion rnethed centprises in e centret unit 12% contmtirticatttfeiy coupied to sensors end centroi actuetors, receiving sensor signats, generating contrei stgneis and communicating controi signeis through a controi port 128 connected to one or mere signei ttnes 139 couoied to said sensors and centret actuators. in emieedirnents et the eeieinetien systern ”it)(i, the eentrei unit is eentiguree te centret ene er mere et: driving gas suppiy tue inte the meeia seperated heat exehanger 1tifi; inieetien ges stippiy tu? inte the injeetieiw arrengernerit ”itšëg heatee gas in the partieie seperater 11Q; gas pressure in the 'iirst eeieiriatien ettanieer 222; and/er temperature in the tirst eeieiiwatien eitanthei' 222. Einhediihents et the eeieirtatien rnethed, turther eernprises eentreiiing erte er mere et: driving gas suppiy 1% inte the media separated heat exehenger tue; injeetieiw gas suppiy ie? inte the injeetien erraiwgemerit 1%; heeted ges in the pertieie separeter 11(i; ges pressure in the tirst eaieinatien ehamper 222; and/er temperattire in the tirst eaieinetien Chamber Medie st-aeereted heat exeheitet-:r The purpese ei using a media separated heet exehanger tee is te reise the temperature et the input rnateriei tvitheut reeireuietien et ntateriai. Emhedimeitts et the eaieiitatien system "tee eenttirises e media seperated heat exehanger itiéi eeupied te said input and eentiguree te eendtiet input inateriai in a piureiity et enanneis, ter exernpie tupes. Emieedirnents et e eaieiiwatien rnethee eernprises eenduetirtg seici input rttateriai in a piuraiity et ehenneis ei e rnedia seperated heat exehaitger input ntateiriai, such es iime med, may pass threugh and pe heated ey the ihedia separeted heat exehenger 1 ell, and is eutput te en irtjeetiert arrengenient "itlitï tfie en eutiet (net shevvit) trem the media separated heat exehanger turi. in e eentiguratien et the eeieinetiert system eppiied ter iirne reeevery, the input rneteriai in the term et iime mud preterahiy and ideaiiy heids e temperature in the range et see degrees Ceisius when it ieeves the ntedie seperated heat exehanger it e iteet reeevery systern is errenged etter the therrrieiiy insuieted seeertd eeieinetieit eheniher 2% (preterahiy erranged etter the separation et the ges trern the seiid eernpeuiwd), heat energy trem the seeeitd eeieinetien preeess preduets may he used in the media separated heat exehenger tüflti. "the media separated heat exehanger 164 eptieitaiiy eentprises en iniet ter a driving ges suppiy tee eentigured te enetiie teedirig et e driving gas et e pressure in the range et 1 atrn (atmespherie pressure apeve veeuum). The purpese et the driving gas is te drive the input iheteriei, in pertieuiar input iheteriai eernprising e li. S seiid eerneeund, te nieve threugh the media seearated heat exehanger "tu-dt in eineediinents ter exampie adapted te eaieinatien et time, the driving gas is eareen diexide er steam. The driving gas is in emhediments reeyeied eartnen diexide reeevered frem the eaieinatien preeess. in erneedirnertts adapted fer ineut materiai in the term ef generaiiy dry iime mud, remaining meisture in the input iime mud may transferm inte steam in the media seearated heat exehanger, which steam serves as driving gas itseif er in addition te further supeiied driving gas. in ernhedintents, a seieetieit et ene er mere aetuaters, ereterahiy eeueied te a eentrei tinit 124, are eentigured ter eentreiiing ene er mere et: - The teeding et input materiai, fer exameie ey means et the aheve rnentiened vaive fer eemmiinieating ineut materiai inte the media seriarated heat exehanger türt, er direetiy te an eieetrieaiiy heated first eaieinatien Chamber - The distribution et ineut materiai inte er within the media seearated heat exehanger tue ey means ef a distrieutien rrieeitanism.

~ The input et driving gas frem the driving gas sueeiy ttšš for eentreiiing the veieeity et mevernent et ineut materiai transperted threugti the media seearated heat exehanger. input materiai, such as time mud, is in ernhedirnents eendueted threugh a eiuraiity et ineiit materiai tuhes ett the rnedia seearated heat exehanger tufi. The ineut materiai tuhes are eentigiirted in the media seearated heat exehanger ttIi-t such that a net medium eendueted threugh the media seearated heat exehanger felt transfers thermai energy hy heat eenveetien and heat radiation te input materiai eassing threugh the input inateriai tuees. in exameie emhediments, the media seearated heat exehanger ttšri is erevided vvith a eavity surreurfding the ineut materiai tuhes and sueh that het medium tnreugn the media seearated heat exehanger eernes inte eentaet vvittt said tuiees.

An emiaediment et the media separated heat exehanger tee is shewit in FiG 3. FEG. 3 shews a media seearated heat exehanger "iürt ter use in a system ftšü ter eaieinatieit et time mud, er in any ether system ter heating et fine-grained seiid materiai, in aeeerdanee vvith emiaediments herein. The iiiustrated media seearated heat exehanger 'tea eernerises an euter sheii 302 and ene er mere tuees íšG-fi arranged inside the sheii "the media seearated heat exehahger 194 iriay he arranged te heat time :hud hy heat transter trem het gas mixed with eateiurtt exide. 'the media seearated heat exehanger htay eemerise an euter sheit 392, and ene er mere tuhes 394 arranged inside the euter sheit A tirst rrieditirtt ter heat transter inay he ted inte the tuhes 394 and ttew during heat transter. A seeend medium ter heat transter ntay ttew eutside the tuhes. "the first medium may he het gas rnixed with eateium exide and the seeend medium may he time mud. Atterhativeiy, the tirst medium may he time :hud and the seeend medium rnay he het gas mixed with eaieiurn exide.

Lime rnud may' he ted inte the tuhes 394 ter trahseert during heating. The ntedia seearated heat exehahger 194 may turther eemerise ene er mere primary intets 399 fer feeding heated gas tised ter the heatihg et the time mud. "the heated gas rnay tee received trerri a eateinatien reaeter 198 and/er a eyetene eemerised in the system 199 ter eateiiwatieh et time iriud. The media eeearated heat exehanger htay further eemerise an euttet 398 ter teeding heated time med inte the first eateinatieh ehamher th emhedimehts, the media seearated heat exehanger 194 further eenthrises a distrihuter 319 ter teedihg and distrihuting time mud inte the ene er rttere tuhes 394. The distrihuter 319 may tee vihratiiwg, wherehy the time mud is evehiy seread inte the tuhes 394. Tiie distrihuter 319 rnay further he arrahged te seharate targe hartieies trent smatt, wherehy tine~grained eartietes are ted thte the ene er ntere tuhes "the media seearated heat exehahger 194 iriay turther eerrierise ene er mere seeeridary intets 312 fer teeding heated gas frern an exterhat stiepty inte the exehahger. Therehy, the ttew et heated gas and the temperature in the heat exehanger rnay he eentretied in a rnere aeetirate way.

The ene er mere tuhes 394 may he erevided with erte er mere rneveahte ehaihs arrahged en the inside et the tuhes 394. Therehy, a ttirhtiteht ttew et the ted time mud is achieved. The inner side et the sheti 392 may' he erevided with irreguiarities in the stirtaee, wherehy a turhutent ttetv et the heated gas is provided. Turhtiteht ttew is advantageeus eenthared te taminar tiew since the exehange et heat witt he imereved since the time ter the time mud te pass the tuhes 394 tft/iii he tenger, and the eentaet area ter the ditterent rrtedittnt te exchange heat tfirith each ether vtfiti he target: The heat exehahger werks as teiievtis. Ûriee time ittee, er any ether seiie materiai, En the term et srnait eartieies is tee inte the teees Bee whieh serves ter trenseert et the time mae during heating. it may he netee that the rriateriai as vveii may he eeetee. As can he seen trem the tigere, the iime tried may he tee inte the tuhes via a ctistrieeter ter 'ieeeihg ane eistrieuting time mtie inte the tutees at the eeeer ericts. The eistrihuter may he errangee te meve ter exameie in an eseiiiatihg mevement er may he arrahgee te meve hack ene terth in ereer te distribute the iirhe mtie eveniy in the tuhes. The eistriheter may terther he erevicieci vvith a seearater eehtigiiree te separate target" eartieies et the time med trem smeiier. "the mere eveh sized eartieies anti the itiere even tee inte the tehes, the better eertermanee et the irieeia seearated heat exehanger tea.

The time med Es then mevihg Ensiee the teees tevvards the tewer ene ene et the same time the tehes anct thus the time rntict is heated. Te aehieve as ettieieitt heat trehster es eessihie, the time ntiie may meve aieng the insiee et the tiiees in a tereeient tievv. This may ee aehievect tey a eehtigeratien vvherein that the ttihes are erevided vvith a ehaih, er a vvire er the tiite, en the insiee tyheretiy a tureuient ttevv et saie tect time rnud is achieved.

The rhedia seearatee heat exehahger tee is turther erevided with ene er mere primary intets ter teeeing heatee gas esee when heating the time med in the tuees, The heated gas rnay eg. he reeeivee trem a eateinatien reaeter 'ietš andfer a eyetene eeinerisee in the system ter eaieiitatieh et iime mue. The eriinary intet, er iniets, is erevieee in the iewer eart et the sheii et the rneeta seearatee heat exehahger tee. The heatee gas, which may have a eenteht et eeiverizee seiie materiat, is tee inte the sheii via the primary intet, er tniets, end then rneves uewards insiee the heat exehanger. Heat vviii he transterree trem the heatee gas via the teees te the time med. Te achieve as etteetive heat transter as eessihie ane te prevent teuiihg en inner surtaees er even eiegging et the tiew eeths, aise the heatee gas may meve in a ttirhtiieitt tiew insiee the sheii et the heat exehanger. it is te he netee that in the heat exehahger tee, the time med may ttevv in the teees anct the het gas may “itew eetsiee the teees. Aiternativeiy, the het gas inay tievv 1.in the tubes, and the lime nwud nway flow outside the tubes. This »vill be explained more in detail later.

The calcination reactoz' 108 is in the exempiifyiitg figures shown as a piaszria reactor, but the anedia separated heat exchanger may be used together with any type of calcination reactor Generai ernbodirnenís of a caicinatiori system and a calcination nfethod Eímbodimeawts of a calcination system “E00 comprise: an electrically heated first calcination chamber 222, configured to convert lime mud into first calcination process products comprising a solid compound and a gas in the form of carbon dioxide; a first separator 112, configured to receive said first calcination process products from said electrically heated first calcination chamber 222, and separate said solid compound from the carbon dioxide; a thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200, configured to receive said solid compound, and convert it into second calcination process products comprising calcium oxide and carbon dioxide; and a second separator 118, configured to receive said second calcination process products from the thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200, and separate said calcium oxide from said carbon dioxide. This is schematically illustrated in FIGS 1 and Einbodiztfents of a calcination method 400 comprise: injecting 430 lime mud into an electrically heated first calcination chamber 222; converting 440, in said electrically heated first calcination chamber 222, lime mud into first calcination process products comprising a solid compound and a gas in the form of carbon dioxide; transferring 445 said first calcination process products to a first separator 112; separating 450, in said first separator 112, said solid compound from said gas in the form of carbon dioxide; transferring 455 said solid compound to a thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200; converting 460, in said thermally insulated second calcination chamber 200, said solid compound into second calcination process products comprising calcium oxide and gas in the form of carbon dioxide; transferring 465 said second calcination process products to a second separator 118; and separating 470, in said second separator 118, said calcium oxide from said gas in the form of carbon dioxide. This is schematically illustrated in FIG The feregeing diseieeure ts het intended te iimšt the present diaeiesttite te the preeise terms er earticdiar fieids ef use dšeeteeed. tt is eentemetated that varietss atternate ernhodirnents andior ihedifšeatiena te the ereeent emtaedšmente, whether exptšettty deeerihed er irnptted hereirt, are pessihie En the tight ei the dšsetesure. Fer exantpie, the system according te the ittdstrated emhodiittehts eernerises a media eeparated heat exotianger, hut it ts. net necessary ter the system te eernprise a media seearatect heat exehanger» the input rnateriai may instead he ineut direetty inte the eieetršeatiyf heated first eaiethattoiw ehanther. Further, the first eaieinatieiw reaeter 188 may eernerise ene er mere trnheated additienat eaieinatšon ettarnhere arranged efter the electrically heated first calcination Chamber 222, where the calcination process may continue without any external heating, before separating off the gas. Aeeerctingiyf, the seope ef is defined enty hy the aeeompanying patent etatms.

Claims (1)

1. nännnnrznneyníeffiw finn) šnneínïïaarann ~ en nänšfinšekí nnnvënïfin fnrnïn nešešneršfïgnšfinrnnwnrn (223, kenngaefirernn »iannnanzišza knšknšzafï: nšš knšneršswnnnrnnengarnafinšner šnnnšzaåïëanne en nní nnn en nen fnnn :av knšnšexšn, e nn fnrete eesnnretnr afšïâ; xnnfšgynrernn nn: enxnïtn swärnrane fnrnïn knEnšnnnnnenrnnnnsnfxfiænnkïer 'from nänwiwnn fnrnån nšafisnnxfàrfnnn knšnâfïnränngnknsïfifnnre nen ennnrern nàànwnnn fneïe association nån šflnšnšnxšnnn; - nn váfïïešnnšernn andre knäneršfwnnknmïnnrn åâíšü), knníšgasrernn nn enwnïïn nànwiïnn înein fâšrnrnswn nen nnnfnnänn other nämånenrannnrnsææsassgsreßnnkïnr enn: šnnennššer kšnšnfïïnxšn nnn sin? ~ en nnnrn ennnrnínr (i knnnnnrernn enfintïn närnnn nnnrn ReaEnšnnn:wgnnrssnnnnnriæafinkåer from nen nnnïrn xfààrrnešssnånræanše kšnšræeršswnnkæarï:rnnren íššníšš nnn nennrnsn nšànwawnn knšusrïwnxân n iii. Knšnšnnnnengfnínrneï nn) nnššgí nnïenníkrnv 1, the friend šnnefíniïwnn: ~ a vintage Üíšåšš fnr nn: enwnïïn ärwnàngnrnnïínršeä š fnnn of -- en nfieaïšessenaarerëaaï váàrïïïevâàznzarn ínšešs knngzšzaår' nårnïïnsa šngáäng, nnn kenngaæfirernn nn ännn šswgåfiwgernnïeršnšei ä en fšnnïnš knnnšnr; no? a šn§nktšnnnnnnrnr1äng nä; knnfšnnrernï enn enfiåïn knäknšaarnïwwnï from :inn nwnnšeennnrernn xfàrrræexfàxšnrnffi Unn-å nn? šngšnern nen š enn ainnxfàrnwnn fnrnfcn knšnšneršngnknnwrnnrnn íš. šfflinšnšëweršngnnyfníenw (Someone) enššgï nnïefiwïkrnxf vfšnere ännnfnïïnswne en nnnšknšnnnnsæaïnr n) 'åšäš šïwjnktšnfwenfwnfnnšnnen ü reach; enn knsnšnnrnren :en sinne kšnnwnnr nen nnnnre nnnëkšnr av ínni: fnrenšswn š äng;ångnnwšawïnršaaånï, nnn nn ïršanssn-nrïeræa nåènïæfinn nnnfire nnnššnæar i en; naanfššínn ïššš nànwrnn šngnšfiïšenennnrnswšswn ííüåf; sheep šnjšneršnn nànwnnn ešekínnšn: Lsnnvärrnnn :ašnànnnrannkzarnnfi:nn ílëšlåfa. n. ëflínšnšnnršngeeynïnsn (ïníšjs nànnï av ne fnresnàennn nsnínníi-ärexfern všüafxe šnvæfaïízaswsïæ av; åïâšïærarraïfigænfiafïg V22) kamfigurafïaï :aïï æïïwfïåïa š ffirm av kfišïíšøxšü from mens) em av separamrer ma äfë "å ash fšåiirfira gas tššš sm higher- cleaneršfieísgraá. get. ašcàfïesršragssysíeffi) fšíšíš ) gets raàgsï of šåërægâaïïfše gßaïefiïkræaveaw, šfwefæaïïiäswfie ær: sïyrenšwæf: (12%), küsïsnwafiswâšfiaíšví kapgwšaiï tâšš sæswsürær isch sïyrsíàššäsfi :mh kmfïïšgureræaäi ai) Qrnoïíæa ssærïsëfi srašgswšaššïfir, gæfwææwïfira: sâgfrsšgïïašezr :ash fššrrneüåša sïïsrsšgifiašsr xfša is) šfisnïrüššpsssï :ansäuïæsw iïššš en æššer fšæra sšgswaäšesíffišfigas' üšíš) køgïšpšafis ïššš fiàànwnüa senscrsa" cm sïyrsïàåšïšün. Kašašnæršswgssysïæsn (in üíš) Requirements âš; :iår sígfrænåwssïs-:æw Kcnfšgaärerafii :aü sí§frza ær: æššær ïšefïa m: ~ ïëääfërseë of gas (få QS) ïššä iïæn rfieäšæsæparæraäe xfärnexfëxëaræifi (1 Qf-'ï-í), -- ïššåïššrsæš of ííïï) ïššš šswjækïšcæswäzancæråïnHagen íííššaš) , »GasugïæxfàrnwfiF ikes ä m-: rishkæšsæparaíür å) h3),-gasíryak in man íšrsïa kašcàfïæršnekzaffifi: honor (222),: šfwafingäkaïwsïfifxsan (222), Y. šväeïüiís' gets kzašcâfieräng ifilíšíš) Šfwnefaïanüæ: «šnjfifvteršng (45%) of åfiaši-äsåarsw ä ær: ešekïršskf: ugz-gçwxfèírrnfi kašcšneršswgakarnsnare {222); ~ üsïnfaswfiêšššmg Qâffä-Q), :wämfiüa ešækïršskt Lsgfißvärnwäa fërsía. kašcšswæršfigskanïmaræ {222)) :of kaškssšzaïn âššš fäsrssåæa ke?Eashnerê:wgsçærfiæšzšïfissprcæafiumer šrnwezfaåïaïïfšæ ær) faasså fërænâswg :mh an farm) of küšiïšsxšä; « ëxferšërâswg åßkšš) axf :wärzwmfša fåërsïa kašcšmeräswgsprßcessprüfšuister tšåâ en fërsïa separaïmr å? 12); ~ sepaswaaršng gßíšíš), :wärrmfša fàrsïa separatm' å) KE), :wärnnfša för-:nšng from nšàmnaïv. gas 'íorm of kaädâfixäaï; » ëveïfëršswg {-=í§5) of fæënwncia fasïa ïšïärsnšfig ïššä en ïærmšskí šsüšærafi :anüra ka?Eašnæršrzgskæærnrmare {2íšü); ~ küswvsríeršswg Näää), š :wëswfiswäa äsšæraüe kašßšneršfigskanwmaræ) {2ä3íš)) nšåfïarwäiza *zasïêfi šïšreznšng ïššš arïširza kašsšr)eršswgsprfæsæaëagarfisiukíer šfisweïwššššaanfše kašszšumßxšd mh gas š 'íüfïv :of küšdâfixâaï; ~ axfarfåjwršfïg åëíàšä) of ašåmrwaa araaakias' aan kašašfwafiagsafïaaaaaasw iâšš aa aaara aaa-araíar ü So; aaa ~ aaaararšaa åiiffïš), :wšàsaaaa aaaafzaïasr :få M3), ašàmïwaa. kašašusfïwaxša aäraraa aaa danger: of kaåašaxša. šïfšaïaa far kaäaâaarëfzg aaäšgi aaïaaïšaav Sf, všaara šnrafaïïaswaa: -- amaåwïa {4"EÜ} šraaæaïssmzaåaršzaš š farm :av kaëškašzafa; ~ aaraaaaara ífflš-“sšš nämaaa šaaaïasïfiaïaršaš š fiarïaš šaaašar š aëaaš fiaäswë xfarawasxfaxšara ü Soå; aaa ~ aavàfwaïwšïwg av šïwjaatšafwaaïfiaraašaa ïšíšáï) vša äaššaaršrwg :jfëšíšš av ia š aan ašakïršakï :jaaxfärsaaa faraïa kašašaaršagakararrsaraæw šš. švšaíaa fas* šfiašašaaršifig aa aaåâgí aataswïkraxf S, vàaara ânfaïïaaaa aaaararëag åf-'ï-Éíš), š aa aarïäkašaççßšaraaftas* ëf š "šíšjs kaaašsaa ftššš šrïjakïšarïsašarwarsåaågangan (wa), aíåšrra këaawaar rašnara aaríššaar av ïaaïa faraaâswgar š aai šswgàaswaa faataršašaï, aah âraraaaarå :w :wáàrvnwasa mšrïara aarâškšzar i aü gaaššššaa âššš rïáàrvafzaæa šaäakíàåfirßaaaafiarszïfwäng üíšâ; father šrwaafïßïfïšag; ä :waïaaaa ašaapxfåàrrïwaa fasaïa kašašfwafåagakaawraafxa iâââ). “ïííïxfšaaíaa sheep kašašfwafäag aa 'far av aaïaaíkfaxfafï ï-Éi, xfšaasa šfwaafaïïaaaa fššïrawšag (aåšüš, aa fäšïararraswgaawaiwg å? gas š farm av Kašašaxša, awaíïagassw ífiar: ïašaaï aa av ssagmrsaïsizrarfwza i *íàššfi). šš aa šfiåšgra ainaa of raaaaï. 'i “ ä .ïvšaíaa kašašaaršag aa father of asaïaaâkraxfafw všaara šrnwafaâïaæfiaa, i aa aïyraswaaï H25; šaamswëuaškaïëxfï kaaaëaa aaaaarar aaa aïyraiäêšaaa, « amaïïa aaaaarašgaaäar, ~ aaaaraia aågfrašgnašar aaa iaaïnfï ïaašaafßä aïyrašaaašai' xfša. aa kaatraåšaarï ÜES) saa: av aaaåafiïaæw aa ašäar ašçgaaåaw šaaašragar äfšišíšš kaaašaaa : fzâšš :warzwaaa aaaaaraw aïyraïaššaaa. “ší šxfšaïaa kašašffiaršrwg aa *far aaaaí av' gssæftarwïkræavaa 1? -fš 1 íšâš; « gaaaaaxfarrzwašag ä aaaäkašaaaaraïara Ü "šíšy ~ gzasïrynkæï 'íërsïa kašcšmaëršfïgskaïnnwaræiw ajâššilšš ; Qshffeššaf' » ís-srngëeraïuræn š :mn fërsïa kašcšneršngskarzwmanar: