SE545781C2 - Method for on line monitoring of air flow at air tenninals of a ventilation system - Google Patents

Method for on line monitoring of air flow at air tenninals of a ventilation system

Info

Publication number
SE545781C2
SE545781C2 SE1950400A SE1950400A SE545781C2 SE 545781 C2 SE545781 C2 SE 545781C2 SE 1950400 A SE1950400 A SE 1950400A SE 1950400 A SE1950400 A SE 1950400A SE 545781 C2 SE545781 C2 SE 545781C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
index
server
terminals
air flow
observation
Prior art date
Application number
SE1950400A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE1950400A1 (en
Inventor
Mikael Nutsos
Original Assignee
Mikael Nutsos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mikael Nutsos filed Critical Mikael Nutsos
Priority to SE1950400A priority Critical patent/SE545781C2/en
Priority to PCT/SE2020/050334 priority patent/WO2020204794A1/en
Priority to EP20784245.1A priority patent/EP3948098A4/en
Publication of SE1950400A1 publication Critical patent/SE1950400A1/en
Publication of SE545781C2 publication Critical patent/SE545781C2/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/49—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring ensuring correct operation, e.g. by trial operation or configuration checks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/56—Remote control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
    • G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
    • G05D7/0641—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means
    • G05D7/0664—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged for the control of a plurality of diverging flows from a single flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/30—Velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • F24F2120/10—Occupancy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

Methods, a network (100) and a server (120) for managing information about pressure at air terminals (111-113) of a ventilation system (110) are disclosed. The air terminals (111-113) of the ventilation system (110) comprise a reference terminal (111), an index terminal (112) and an observation terminal (113). At least the reference, index and observation terminals (111 , 112, 113) are provided with a respective pressure sensor (141 , 142, 143). The server (120) receives configuration data, comprising a respective actual kfactor for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113). The respective actual k-factor has been determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111 , 112, 113). The server (120) receives, from the respective pressure sensor (141 , 142, 143) of the reference, index and observation terminals (111 , 112, 113), measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111 , 112, 113). The server (120) calculates current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data.Corresponding computer program(s) and computer program carrier(s) are also disclosed.

Description

lvfiëïaëse~seatvtfastfae:Nää~~os:.ftt;s.~.ft.xfswïalafaïiervïsfxfsïëlaa affsërl-lolç: tron om LM: rv: of* Asa Ftoxftf At' Asia “rëfiwmswfrtts A xftisrï'll.ßtt'zoe\s TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to methods for managing data of ventilation systems. ln particular, a method and a network for managing information about pressure at air terminals of a ventilation system is disclosed herein.
BACKGROUND Within for example health care, office, shopping and residential facilities, it is known to install ventilation systems to provide fresh air to different spaces, such as rooms, of the facilities. Typically, the ventilation system also extracts air from the facilities to achieve a controlled flow of air in and out of the facilities. ln order to meet society's demand for a suitable indoor climate in rooms and buildings properly sized ventilation systems are required. A properly sized ventilation system is a system that supplies the correct flow at low speed and low pressure drop. This means, in addition to energy-efficient distribution, also reduced noise from both air handling unit and the ductwork. ln many countries, there exists regulations specifying ventilation requirements, such as required air volume in and out of the facilities, required temperature, required humidity and the like. Therefore, it may be required to inspect the ventilation system on a regular basis. ln e.g. Sweden, this kind of regulations stipulate that a so called “Obligatorisk Ventilations Kontroll” (OVK), which roughly translates to “compulsory checking of ventilation", shall be performed regularly. An OVK is often costly and time consuming due to that a person is required to physically visit the facilities, measure flow at desired air intakes, air outlets, air terminals, air diffusers etc. and manually register results of the measurements, for example every third year.
Furthermore, when facilitates, such as buildings, are constructed, e.g. completely new constructions, re-design and/or extension of constructions, it is typically desired to verify that the newly completed construction fulfils the requirements set concerning the specific air volumes or air flows for each space of the facility depended to how many people and the activity. A space may be a room of any kind. Before a construction, it is specified what the requirements are and then at completion of the construction, it is thus desired that those requirements are fulfilled, e.g. in terms of air flows in and/or out of different spaces are as specified.
Additionally, in a further scenario, it may be desired to control whether the ventilation system is compliant with the specifications. This may happen e.g. if people in the facilities experiences that the ventilation system is not operating sufficiently well. A reason for that the ventilation system is not operating sufficiently well may be that undesired adjustments to the ventilation system may have been performed without authorization and/or required know- how.
US6914532 discloses a method and apparatus for testing the operation of an alarm for a ventilated enclosure, such as a fume hood or bio-safety cabinet. Flow of gas being exhausted from the enclosure may be adjusted to a known value below or above a threshold value at which the alarm provides an indication that flow is unacceptably low or high. Adjustment of flow to the known value may be performed without requiring a manual measurement of flow, e.g., by performing a traverse in a duct leading from the enclosure.
There exist measurement devices that are connected to the cloud that can report measurement values to a server in the cloud. However, it has been shown e.g. by a known report “Rapport om luftflöden genom ventilationsdon”, 2008-10-08 by Erik Dalsryd, lngemar Kedland and Jan Boldrup as assigned by Mikael Nutsos, that different measurement devices can yield completely different results concerning air flow in spaces of a facility. Moreover, a further known report “Rapport om mätosäkerheten hos direktflödesmätare", 2014-03-30 by Erik Dalsryd, lngemar Kedland and Jan Boldrup as assigned by Mikael Nutsos explains that there is a high degree of measurement error with direct-flow measurement devices utilizing hot-thread technology.
A problem may thus be that existing solutions are suffers from one or more of the following disadvantages: insufficient accuracy of airflow measurements, unreliability, high cost, time consuming and cumbersome data collection.
SUMMARY An object of the present invention may thus be to eliminate, or at least alleviate, one or more of the abovementioned disadvantages.
According to an aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method, swettfvork. for ohåšrte rhooštoršraf; of float: elr termšsweše of e itfeotššëttšffisw exfsttëstt for ao šofšoor' ohxfšronshseewt to ehsore thet set sooeštšcetione for fštsutfs åh soetïos of the šstsfítuor ehvšrcshseeht ere ftsit'šlšecš vvherešst: the hetvtfork the tfehtišetšsxh sgfstesh, e server :and oššeot detfioe. vvhertëšo the air terotšoeše e reference tterrošrteš. en šrttfšex termioeš ana aanaartraiian tarntšrtai in a raaaaatitfa trtrartiïit ai tårta tfarrtšiaiiian avatant. ttiaritarain ai iaaat tna raiaranaa, šnaiax aïaaartratiatn iarniinaia ara aratrinatt tfaiitt a raanaaiiiaifa araaaitra aattaart atrnarain tna raaataatiitra araaaura aanaar ina raiaratiaa. incšax anti anaarvaišart 'tarrninaia rzarriiritsract ia atttttrttttrtiazaia tiariitt ina aartrat' 'afvnarain ina rnaiitaai aantariasaas: atratfiaiirta. ia täta aairtrar. aantiazttsritiiart natttatriainn a raattatntitafa; aainaš k» iaciat' rar aaan ai raiararrtïa. initax anti crtztaartafatšart tarrninaia. ttfnatrain tna iaiaatatr ttaiarrtnšrrtaa; nt; a raaataatitra rnaaaararnant aaan ana crt tna raiarartaa. ittatax arta atnaartfaiiart iartnirtaia. taifttarairt ina taaaaaiitra ntaaattratrtatti aatttnriaaa a ntataaatraii iiatfaf ana a tttasratiratai ttrataatirat aiiiiarartaïsi. viaiaiinn titta raartattttittfs: itaiatai k» factor, tsntviaiitiatt ia tita riaašraai air tiata' iraittaa tar ai” ina ratarattaat inaax aitaartratiatrt *aarntirtaia. aartaiinna in; täta rataataativa; rrrataairra; aanaar ai inaax anrt crtztaartaratšatt tarrninaia ia tna aartrar, ntaaairrantattt riata rarzraaaniincr siirrant trtraaattra at aaan arna ai ina rataranaa. inriax ana ataaarvatiart tarntinaiat saiaaiaiirtat. itv *ana aarvat' fzarrarti itaw ifaštiaa an *ana rttaaattratttani riaia ana ina aartiiaitiratian riaia. tíiararrtiirtinca. ist: a raanaaiitfa ratta trar aaan ai rita raiararraa. inaax :trial aïctaarttfaiictn iarrninaia, tfirttarain ina raaaaaišafa ratta raiaiaa itta airrratti air iiavr afaiuaa ia *ana ctasiraat air iiatfv ifaiitaa trainarairt ina raiarartaa 'tarrninai ina iatriraat 'iiazttttf in ina trantiiaiian avatant *ana inaiax iartnirtai a ratta tnai iattrrat' 'titan ina raiia 'tar ina raiarartaïa iantiinaš. anrt ina atttaatrtafêititön tarrnirtëii a itarntinai aiirrartiiaf tinnar' crtztaartafatštart. aancšina. train tita aarxfar ta itta aiiani aiaviaa, ina raaaaaiiifa ratia far aaan at' itta ratarartaa intiaxanai anaartratiatttiarntinaia arta' aiiaaisrtffina, in* ina niiarti aiattriaa ina raanaaiitrta rsrtiat far ataan att ra-iiararrtïat. irtitax ann ctttaartafatšait tarrninaia. anattiina rztarrarztnafa annans tar acššiiatirta 'itaw in tna trantiiaiiait atraiarn ta na takati, tiaritaraitt ina vaniiiatiattt atfaiartt a stat ai air iiatfv :aaiittsatirtat aiatriaaa .ar aaiinaiina ištötraf at ar tnatra ai ina raiarartata. inrtax and attaartfatiarr ttvrrarain tnaatitctfš i 'irrar acrntrírršaaa: aantraiiina. av *ana aainaar. ina aat at' air itaamf' aiiinatinc; aiaiaštzaa naaaat att tita raartaatitfa .raiia ia aríiitai air' itaw in ina trantiiaiian avatant. iaíifnsiratin, aaaaratina ia täta ttts-itttaai. aaan ai ina ratanatnata inaiax sitta aaitaartraiinn tarntirtaia ia aaaaaiataiïi tttiitit a craiintar fin' craiintinfs irttirrtnar at” :ctaraarta in rita afiairtittf at' aaan ana of raiaranaa, šttaiata and taitaartaaiian iarrnirtaia. 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Thanks to that the server is provided with, such as receives from a mobile measurement device, the respective k-factor for each one of the reference, index and observation terminals, the server obtains knowledge about the k-factor of the terminals of the ventilation system under observation. Typically, the k-factor thus provided differs from a theoretical k-factor that may have been determined during design and construction of the ventilation system. Thanks to the knowledge about the k-factor, the server is able to calculate air flow in an accurate manner, based on the measurement data representing current pressure. ln this manner, the network advantageously enables efficient operation of the ventilation system and/or provisioning of accurate operation information, such a current flow at any one of the reference, index or observation terminal as calculated by the server, to the client device.
:Eief:--sesefne-enfabedšifafieifats-the ventilation system comprises a set of air flow adjusting devices for adjusting air flow at one or more of the reference, index and observation terminals. ln these embodiments, efficient operation is enabled due to that the server may control the set of air flow adjusting devices based on the respective ratio to adjust air flow in the ventilation system. For example, the set of air flow adjusting devices may be controlled, e.g. adjusted to increase or decrease flow, to achieve the desired air flow values. ln embodiments, in which the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals are displayed by the client device, the network enables a user, e.g. of the client device, to efficiently adjust the ventilation system. For example, the user does not need to revisit the terminals to do new measurements to evaluate a result of an adjustment made. lnstead, as the user makes an adjustment, the user is able to virtually instantly observe at the client device how the air flow changes at the terminals when making an adjustment, e.g. of a air flow adjusting device of the ventilation system.
According to one or more embodiments herein, one or more of the following advantages may be achieved. o time and cost of inspection of a ventilation system, such as OVK-inspection, may be saved. o Saving operation cost of ventilation system due to power savings when operating the ventilation system more efficiently, e.g. when the ventilation system is adjusted in accordance with the so called proportionality principle, which is believed to be well-known within the field of ventilation systems.
This means that e.g. fans of the ventilation system do not need to run on unnecessarily high effect, which may be the case when the ventilation system is poorly adjusted, e.g. with air flow adjusting devices set to restrict the flow too much.
With at least one embodiment herein, a digitized way of ensuring desired operation of the ventilation system is achieved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an overview illustrating an exemplifying system according to the embodiments herein.
Figure 2 is a flowchart, illustrating an exemplifying method in the network.
Figure 3 is a flowchart, illustrating an exemplifying method in the server.
Figure 4 is a block diagram, illustrating an exemplifying server. Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating exemplifying pressure drop for some exemplifying ventilation Channels.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION ln order to better appreciate the embodiments herein, the following analysis and discussion is provided.
With ventilation systems, an issue is how to check and achieve the desired air flows in the spaces of a facility. With known technologies, it has unfortunately been found that measurements of air flow vary widely with the measurement devices used, i.e. not only with the type of instrument used but also among different individual air intake or air outlets diffusers of the same type. A problem then encountered is how to improve the measurement accuracy of these air flow measurement devices.
Moreover, in master theseis, by Erik Dalsryd, “TRlTA-MAT-E 2013:45 ISRN- KTH/MAT/E-13/45-SE”, simulations of air flow in ventilation devices, such as air intakes, air outlets and the like, have been made. Even theses advanced simulations yield errors in the range of 3% to over 20%, depending on ventilation device e.g. with or without bends, for the estimated air flow. ln the higher range, these simulations do not provided sufficiently accurate results. Further, it is shown that k-factors provided by manufacturers of devices are non-reliable and that any k-factors given by simulation are in many cases not practically useable due to inaccuracy.
Pressure drop calculation of duct systems is far from an exact science, but to provide satisfactory solutions, we need to inter alia have knowledge of the different calculation methods available, their application and their limitations.
However, the present inventor has chosen a different path. The present inventor has realized that by, as a one-time operation (of course possible to re-do the operation if desired), measuring and verifying the k-factors at a number of air terminals, in particular at a so called reference terminal and an index terminal. Then, by feeding (or sending) these k- factors to a server, it will be possible to calculate an accurate airflow based on pressure measurements at the observed air terminals while using these accurate k-factors. Hence, this procedure is in contrast to obvious attempts in improving measurement accuracy of the air flow measuring devices.
Figure 1 illustrates a network 100, which may at least to some extent be built up by a wireless network or a combination of wireless networks. The term ”wireless network” may herein refer to a telecommunication network, a short-range wireless network, a cellular network, a Bluetooth network, a Near Field Communication network, any telecommunication network according to an applicable Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard specification.
The netvvork 100 comprises a ventilation system 110, a server 120 and a client device The ventilation system 110 may be any suitable kind of ventilation system, such as Variable Air Volume (VAV) ventilation system, a ventilation system with Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) control, a heat exchanger-based ventilation system, a ventilation system with or without air-conditioning function, such as cooling /heating of air or a combination of these, or the like.
The server 120 may be a physical or logical server, such as a computer server, a virtual machine, a software program running in a net\Norked computer system, or the like.
The client device 130 may be a Personal Computer (PC), a laptop, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a tablet PC, or the like.
The ventilation system 110 comprises air terminals 111-113 e.g. for intake or exhaust of air in the ventilation system 110. The term “terminal”, “air terminal” etc. may refer to an air intake device, an air outlet device, diffuser or the like.
The air terminals 111-113 comprise a reference terminal 111, an index terminal 112 and an observation terminal 113 in a respective branch of the ventilation system 110. For simplicity only three air terminals are illustrated and discussed herein, but the ventilation system 110 may of course comprise any suitable number of air terminals. At least the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 are provided with a respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143. The respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 is configured to communicate with the server The reference terminal 111 has the lowest air flow in the ventilation system As shall be understood from the following description, the index terminal 112 has a ratio that is lower than the ratio for the reference terminal The observation terminal 113 is a terminal currently under observation, e.g. for adjustment purposes, inspection purposes or the like.
The pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 may be an lnternet-of-Things (loT) sensor capable of measuring pressure, such as a capacitive pressure sensor. Capacity pressure sensors has an advantage of being little, or not at all, affected by electromagnetic interference, which could potentially degrade measurement accuracy. This means that the pressure sensor is capable of, e.g. configured for, reporting measured values to the server Furthermore, for ease of understanding, the so called k-factor for an air terminal is a value that is used when adjusting the ventilation system. By measuring the pressure, it is possible to calculate the air flow by mean of the k-factor instead of measuring the air flow with a hot-thread instrument over the air terminal. However, as mentioned in the report initially mentioned, the variations of measurement is huge and the hot-thread measurements are not sufficiently reliable. Notably, the k-factor is specific for each air terminal. However, manufacturers of air terminals may have provided a k-factor, which however does not take into account the actual conditions at a location in the ventilation system where the air terminal is installed. Further, such provided k-factor does also not take into account any individual variation in k-factor among air terminals of the same type.
The term ”branch” of the ventilation system refers to pipes, tubing, channels or the like conveying air to e.g. an air terminal.
Figure 1 is a flow chart, illustrating a method in the network 100. The network 100 performs a method for managing information about pressure at air terminals 111-113 of a ventilation system One or more of the following actions may be performed in any suitable order.
Action A010 The network 100 provides, to the server 120, configuration data, comprising a respective actual k-factor for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The respective actual k-factor has been determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. ln this manner, a reliable and actual k-factor is provided, e.g. for use in action A The configuration data may further comprise one or more of: - construction drawings of the ventilation system, e.g. enabling the server to provide a visual representation, a map or the like for use in some examples herein, - one or more of expected air flow values, k-factors etc for the air terminals 111, 112, 113 of the ventilation system 110, and - the like.
According to some embodiments, the respective measurement for the respective actual k-factor is performed by a mobile measurement unit 150, such as Swema 3000. The mobile measurement unit 150 may send the respective actual k-factor to the server, preferably through wireless communication, e.g. using the network As an example, the mobile measurement unit 150 may be connected to the same measurement point (or points) as the respective pressure sensors. The mobile measurement unit 150 may then determine the k-factor based on the measured air f|ow(s).
Advantageously, the mobile measurement unit 150 provides the server 120 with accurate information about the actual k-factor at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, Action AThe netvvork 100 provides, to the server 120, desired air flow values for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The desired air flow values may typically be the same as the expected air flow values, since the ventilation system is normally constructed in order to fulfil certain requirements concerning e.g. air flow in/out of a space based on floor area, volume of the space and number of persons expected to be present in the space.
Action AThe network 100 sends, by the respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 to the server 120, measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. Thanks to that the server 120 has been made aware of the actual k- factor, e.g. as in action A010, the server 120 may now perform action A Action ASubsequent to action A030, the network 100 calculates, by use of the server 120, current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data, e.g. the appropriate k-factor(s). The current air flow values may typically comprise a respective air flow value for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, Action ASubsequent to action A050, the network 100 determines, by use of the server 120, a respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The respective ratio, referred to as Q measured / Q projected further below, relates the current air flow values to the desired air flow values.
Action A060 The network 100 sends, from the server 120 to the client device 130, the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, Additionally or alternatively, the server 120 may send the current air flow values and the desired air flow values to the client device Action AThe network 100 may display, by use of the client device 130, the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, thereby enabling corrective actions for adjusting air flow in the ventilation system 110 to be taken. Additionally or alternatively, the client device 130 may display the current air flow values.
According to some embodiments, the displaying A070 of the respective ratio comprises displaying the respective ratio at a position and/or the current air flow values in a map of a building in which the ventilation system 110 is installed, the map being displayed at the client device 130, wherein the position indicates a space, such as a room, served by any one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. As an example, the client device 130 may display, at a screen thereof, the map and the respective ratio.
Action Aln some embodiments, the ventilation system 110 comprises a set of airflow adjusting devices 115 for adjusting air flow at one or more of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. ln these embodiments, the ventilation system 110 may typically be a Variable Air Volume (VAV) ventilation system or the like.
Then, the network 100 may control, by use of the server 120, the set of air flow adjusting devices based on the respective ratio to adjust air flow in the ventilation system Furthermore, in these embodiments, each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 may be associated with a respective electronic counter for counting number of persons in the vicinity of each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. This enables the network 100 to control, by use of the server 120, the set of air flow adjusting devices 115 based on measurement information from the respective electronic counter.
An electronic counter for counting number of persons may be an audio-based counter using audio picked up from the vicinity of the terminal to determine the number of persons. Additionally or alternatively, the electronic counter may be an RFID-based counter e.g. located at an entrance of a space, such as a room.
Some embodiments of the method disclosed herein involves one or more of the following: 1. online monitoring of airflow at all airterminals that the OVK inspection requires.2. the result after an adjustment or re-design of the ventilation system is ensured and becomes permanent throughout a period during which the ventilation system is maintained. 3. online check that the performance of the ventilation system is maintained and that maintenance work on the ventilation systems can be verified and certified by an external OVK inspector, at any time and at any frequency. 4. that the ventilation systems are operated economically thanks to correct adjustment. . that the indoor environment is in accordance with the intended for the design, i.e. fulfils set specifications for air flows in spaces of the facility. All this can now become a reality when pressure sensors have been installed in the ventilation system.
The following further information may illuminate further advantages and benefits of the present invention in addition to what has been described above. Tito ooscršsstšson of hissa: to a ventilation systern aooordäno to the rsnfzoortšonoištv çciršncšpšo šflssosvo tise art. ílëno can also be 2 oersons to adšszst ~ one aaišusts doxfioo and one reaos of? afasi reofsrís osraššs' srafštšw oešš ohorse. radio.
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Hence, when the air flow is accurately determined using the mobile measurement unit, the k-factor may be determined by k = q /square root of (de|ta_p).
As an example, for the observed air terminal, a measured airflow and a measured pressure difference yields a certain k-factor that is specific for this observed terminal and accurately determined. These measurement may be made with the mobile measurement unit Moreover, by use of a pressure drop diagram (swe: tryckfallsdiagram) and construction information, such as diameter of the air terminal under observation, the k-factor can be determined. See example of pressure drop diagram in Figure 5. Thus, having a pressure difference of 100 Pa and a diameter of 100, it is seen that the corresponding flow is 50 l/s. This yields a k-factor of 50 / sqrt(100) = ln Figure 3, a schematic flowchart of exemplifying methods in the server 120 is shown. Accordingly, the server 120 performs a method for managing information about pressure at air terminals 111-113 of a ventilation system 110. As mentioned, a network 100 comprises the ventilation system 110, the server 120 and a client device 130. The air terminals 111-113 comprise a reference terminal 111, an index terminal 112 and an observation terminal 113 in a respective branch of the ventilation system 110. At least the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 are provided with a respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143. The respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 is configured to communicate withthe server One or more of the following actions may be performed in any suitable order.
Action B010 The server 120 receives configuration data, comprising a respective actual k-factor for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The respective actual k-factor has been determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. This action is similar to action A Action BThe server 120 receives, from the respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. This action is similar to action A Action BThe server 120 calculates current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data. This action is similar to action A ln this manner, the server 120 combines the measurement data representing current pressure with the configuration data to obtain, such as calculate, the current air flow values.
The method may further comprise one or more of actions B020, B050 and B060. Action B020 The server 120 may receive desired air flow values for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. This action is similar to action A Action B050 The server 120 may determine a respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The respective ratio relates the current air flow values to the desired air flow values. This action is similar to action A Action BThe server 120 may send, to the client device 130, the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. This action is similar to action A Hence, with the embodiments related to the server, accurate measurements of the current flow may efficiently be performed without the need for a person to visit the facilities in which the ventilation system is installed. Substantial cost savings are gained due to e.g. lower energy consumption of the ventilation system as a result of that system is easily maintained to operate as intended, time savings for inspection, maintenance and the like.
With reference to Figure 4, a schematic block diagram of embodiments of the server 120 of Figure 1 is shown.
The server 120 may comprise a processing module 401, such as a means for performing the methods described herein. The means may be embodied in the form of one or more hardware modules and/or one or more software modules. The term ”module” may thus refer to a circuit, a software block or the like according to various embodiments as described below.
The server 120 may further comprise a memory 402. The memory may comprise, such as contain or store, instructions, e.g. in the form of a computer program 403, which may comprise computer readable code units.
According to some embodiments herein, the server 120 and/or the processing module 401 comprises a processing circuit 404 as an exemplifying hardware module. Accordingly, the processing module 401 may be embodied in the form of, or 'realized by', the processing circuit 404. The instructions may be executable by the processing circuit 404, whereby the server 120 is operative to, or configured to, perform the method of Figure 3. As another example, the instructions, when executed by the server 120 and/or the processing circuit 404, may cause the server 120 to perform the method according to Figure ln view of the above, in one example, there is provided a server 120 for managing information about pressure at air terminals 111-113 of a ventilation system 110. As mentioned, a network 100 comprises the ventilation system 110, the server 120 and a client device 130, wherein the air terminals 111-113 comprise a reference terminal 111, an index terminal 112 and an observation terminal 113 in a respective branch of the ventilation system 110, wherein at least the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 are provided with a respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143, wherein the respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 is configured to communicate with the server 120. Again, the memory 402 contains the instructions executable by said processing circuit 404 whereby the server 120 is operative for: receiving configuration data, comprising a respective actual k-factor for each of thereference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, wherein the respective actual k- factor has been determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, receiving, from the respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, and calculating current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data.
Figure 4 further i||ustrates a carrier 405, or program carrier, which provides, such as comprises, mediates, supplies and the like, the computer program 403 as described directly above. The carrier 405 may be one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal and a computer readable medium. ln further embodiments, the server 120 and/or the processing module 401 may comprise one or more of a receiving module 410, a calculating module 420, a determining module 430, a sending module 440 and a controlling module 450 as exemplifying hardware modules. The term ”module” may refer to a circuit when the term ”module” refers to a hardware module. ln other examples, one or more of the aforementioned exemplifying hardware modules may be implemented as one or more software modules.
Moreover, the server 120 and/or the processing module 401 may comprise an Input/Output unit 406, which may be exemplified by a receiving module and/or a sending module when applicable.
Accordingly, the server 120 is configured for managing information about pressure at air terminals 111-113 of a ventilation system 110. As mentioned, a network 100 comprises the ventilation system 110, the server 120 and a client device 130. The air terminals 111-113 comprise a reference terminal 111, an index terminal 112 and an observation terminal 113 in a respective branch of the ventilation system 110. At least the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 are provided with a respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143. The respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113 is configured to communicate with the server Therefore, according to the various embodiments described above, the server 120 and/or the processing module 401 and/or the receiving module 410 is configured for receiving configuration data, comprising a respective actual k-factor for each of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113. The respective actual k-factor hasbeen determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, The server 120 and/or the processing module 401 and/or the receiving module 410 is configured for receiving, from the respective pressure sensor 141, 142, 143 of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, 113, measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals 111, 112, The server 120 and/or the processing module 401 and/or the calculating module 420 is configured for calculating current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data.
Similarly, the server 120 and/or the processing module 401 and/or a suitable module, listed above, may be configured for performing one or more of actions B050, B060 and B Each embodiment, example or feature disclosed herein may be combined with one or more other embodiments, examples or features disclosed herein.
As used herein, the term "module" may refer to one or more functional units, each of which may be implemented as one or more hardware modules and/or one or more software modules and/or a combined soft\Nare/hardware module. ln some examples, the module may represent a functional unit realized as software and/or hardware.
As used herein, the term “computer program carrier", “program carrier”, or “carrier”, may refer to one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, and a computer readable medium. ln some examples, the computer program carrier may exclude transitory, propagating signals, such as the electronic, optical and/or radio signal. Thus, in these examples, the computer program carrier may be a non-transitory carrier, such as a non- transitory computer readable medium.
As used herein, the term “processing module” may include one or more hardware modules, one or more software modules or a combination thereof. Any such module, be it a hardware, software or a combined hardware-software module, may be a determining means, estimating means, capturing means, associating means, comparing means, identification means, selecting means, receiving means, sending means or the like as disclosed herein. As an example, the expression “means” may be a module corresponding to the modules listed above in conjunction with the Figures.
As used herein, the term “software module” may refer to a software application, a Dynamic Link Library (DLL), a software component, a software object, an object according to Component Object Model (COM), a software function, a software engine, an executable binary software file or the like.
The terms “processing module” or “processing circuit” may herein encompass aprocessing module, comprising e.g. one or more processors, an Application Specific integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or the like. The processing circuit or the like may comprise one or more processor kernels.
As used herein, the expression ”configured to/for” may mean that a processing circuit is configured to, such as adapted to or operative to, by means of software configuration and/or hardware configuration, perform one or more of the actions described herein.
As used herein, the term "action" may refer to an action, a step, an operation, a response, a reaction, an activity or the like. lt shall be noted that an action herein may be split into tvvo or more sub-actions as applicable. Moreover, also as applicable, it shall be noted that two or more of the actions described herein may be merged into a single action.
As used herein, the term "memory" may refer to a hard disk, a magnetic storage medium, a portable computer diskette or disc, flash memory, random access memory (RAM) or the like. Furthermore, the term ”memory” may refer to an internal register memory of a processor or the like.
As used herein, the term “computer readable medium” may be a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory, a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a Blu-ray disc, a software module that is received as a stream of data, a Flash memory, a hard drive, a memory card, such as a Multimedia Card (MMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, etc. One or more of the aforementioned examples of computer readable medium may be provided as one or more computer program products.
As used herein, the term “computer readable code units” may be text of a computer program, parts of or an entire binary file representing a computer program in a compiled format or anything there between.
As used herein, the terms ”number” and/or ”value” may be any kind of digit, such as binary, real, imaginary or rational number or the like. Moreover, ”number” and/or ”value” may be one or more characters, such as a letter or a string of letters. ”Number” and/or ”value” may also be represented by a string of bits, i.e. zeros and/or ones.
As used herein, the terms ”first”, ”second”, ”third” etc. may have been used merely to distinguish features, apparatuses, elements, units, or the like from one another unless otherwise evident from the context.
As used herein, the term ”subsequent action” may refer to that one action is performed after a preceding action, while additional actions may or may not be performed before said one action, but after the preceding action.
As used herein, the term ”set of” may refer to one or more of something. E.g. a set of devices may refer to one or more devices, a set of parameters may refer to one or more parameters or the like according to the embodiments herein.
As used herein, the expression ”in some embodiments” has been used to indicatethat the features of the embodiment described may be combined with any other embodiment disclosed herein.
Even though embodiments of the various aspects have been described above, many different alterations, modifications and the like thereof will become apparent for those skilled in the art. The described embodiments are therefore not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (1)

  1. Claims A method, performed by a network (100), for online monitoring of air flow at air terminals (11 1-113) of a ventilation system (110) for an indoor environment to ensure that set specifications for air flows in spaces of the indoor environment are fulfilled, wherein the network (100) comprises the ventilation system (110), a server (120) and a client device (130), wherein the air terminals (1 1 1-113) comprise a reference terminal (111), an index terminal (112) and an observation terminal (113) in a respective branch of the ventilation system (110), wherein at least the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113) are provided with a respective pressure sensor (141, 142, 143), wherein the respective pressure sensor (141, 142, 143) of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113) is configured to communicate with the server (120), wherein the method comprises: providing (A010), to the server (120), configuration data, comprising a respective actual k-factor for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), wherein the respective actual k-factor is determined by a respective measurement at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), wherein the respective measurement comprises a measured air flow and a measured pressure difference, yielding the respective actual k-factor, providing (A020), to the server (120), desired air flow values for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), sending (A030), by the respective pressure sensor (141, 142, 143) of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113) to the server (120), measurement data representing current pressure at each one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), calculating (A040), by the server (120), current air flow values based on the measurement data and the configuration data, determining (A050), by the server (120), a respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), wherein the respective ratio relates the current air flow values to the desired air flow values, wherein the reference terminal (111) has the lowest airflow in the ventilation system (110), the index terminal (112) has a ratio that is lower than the ratio for the reference terminal (111), and the observation terminal (113) is a terminal currently under observation, sending (A060), from the server (120) to the client device (130), the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111,112, 113), and displaying (A070), by the client device (130), the respective ratio for each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), thereby enabling corrective actions for adjusting air flow in the ventilation system (110) to be taken, wherein the ventilation system (110) comprises a set of air flow adjusting devices (1 15) for adjusting air flow at one or more of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), wherein the method further comprises: controlling (A080), by the server (120), the set of air flow adjusting devices based on the respective ratio to adjust air flow in the ventilation system (110), characterized by wherein each of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113) is associated with a respective electronic counter for counting number of persons in the vicinity of each one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111, 112, 113), wherein the controlling (A080) by the server (120) of the set of air flow adjusting devices (1 15) further is based on measurement information from the respective electronic counter. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective measurement for the respective actual k-factor is performed by a mobile measurement unit (150). The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the displaying (A070) of the respective ratio comprises displaying the respective ratio at a position in a map of a building in which the ventilation system (110) is installed, the map being displayed at the client device (130), wherein the position indicates a space, such as a room, served by any one of the reference, index and observation terminals (111,112,113). A computer program (403), comprising computer readable code units which when executed on a server (120) causes the sever (120) to perform the method according to claim A carrier (405) comprising the computer program according to the preceding claim, wherein the carrier (405) is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal and a computer readable medium.
SE1950400A 2019-04-01 2019-04-01 Method for on line monitoring of air flow at air tenninals of a ventilation system SE545781C2 (en)

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PCT/SE2020/050334 WO2020204794A1 (en) 2019-04-01 2020-03-31 Method for managing data of a ventilation system
EP20784245.1A EP3948098A4 (en) 2019-04-01 2020-03-31 Method for managing data of a ventilation system

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