SE544329C2 - Cruise control for a vehicle on an electric highway - Google Patents

Cruise control for a vehicle on an electric highway

Info

Publication number
SE544329C2
SE544329C2 SE2050977A SE2050977A SE544329C2 SE 544329 C2 SE544329 C2 SE 544329C2 SE 2050977 A SE2050977 A SE 2050977A SE 2050977 A SE2050977 A SE 2050977A SE 544329 C2 SE544329 C2 SE 544329C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
charge
electric
level
battery pack
highway
Prior art date
Application number
SE2050977A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE2050977A1 (en
Inventor
Caroline Heidenreich
Hjalmar Lundin
Jenny Eriksson
Jonny Andersson
Joseph Ah-King
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to SE2050977A priority Critical patent/SE544329C2/en
Priority to DE102021120735.5A priority patent/DE102021120735A1/en
Publication of SE2050977A1 publication Critical patent/SE2050977A1/en
Publication of SE544329C2 publication Critical patent/SE544329C2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/38—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles for collecting current from conductor rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/14—Adaptive cruise control
    • B60W30/143—Speed control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/0097—Predicting future conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/36—Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/68—Traffic data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/54—Energy consumption estimation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
    • B60M7/003—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
    • B60W2556/10—Historical data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
    • B60W2556/45—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle
    • B60W2556/50—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle for navigation systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A method (401) of cruise control for an electric vehicle on an electric highway, wherein the electric vehicle (100) comprises a battery pack (201) and an electric motor (202), the method comprising the steps of: (S402): determining a current level of charge (CLa) of the battery pack of the vehicle; (S403): determining a destination for the electric vehicle; (S404): estimating a required level of charge (CLb) of the battery pack to reach the destination with a remaining predetermined level of charge of the battery pack (CLc); (S405): calculating a differential level of charge (dCL) which must be supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway in order to reach the destination with the pre-determined level of charge remaining in the battery pack; (S406): adjust the speed of the vehicle such that the differential level of charge is supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway, upon determining that a remaining travel time on the electric highway is not sufficient to supply the battery pack with the differential level of charge (dCL) required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway with a current speed.

Description

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to operate emission free and thusovercome many environmental and health issues associated with cars run onfossil fuels. However there is a problem with limited driving range and longcharging time if longer distances are travelled. Today many incentives forincreasing driving range and to decrease charging time exists. Another viablesolution is to provide a section of a highway with parallel electric lines, commonlydenoted electric highway (e-Highway) and provide the EV with some kind ofcurrent collector, such as a pantograph. However, it is quite common that theelectric highway only provides electric power on a limited distance. This meansthat the EV must be equipped with some kind of energy storage, such as abattery pack, in order to reach its final destination. Therefore, it is necessarywhen EVs travel on the electric highway that the EV is provided with enoughpower to propel the EV and to charge an onboard battery pack. The electrichighway is of special interest for heavy transportation with EVs such as trucks or buses. lf an electric vehicle is traveling on an electric highway there is often a need for acruise control, both for the convenience of the driver and to optimize the energy consumption.
Cruise controls known in the art uses a set speed which is adjusted by the driver of the vehicle or the vehicle itself, such as adaptive cruise control.
Thus, there is a large need for an improved cruise control which is able to control a vehicle traveling on an electric highway such that a destination is reached.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have recognized that the conventional cruise controls havethe drawback of not recognizing that the EV is connected to the electric linesduring travel on the electric highway. By detecting that the EV is connected to theelectric lines and determining the current level of charge of the battery pack of theEV it is possible to adjust the set speed of the EV such that EV is connected tothe electric lines a sufficiently long time for charging the battery pack to a sufficient level of charge to reach the final destination.
Within this disclosure the term “electric highway” should be interpreted as asection of a road that comprises a means for supplying a vehicle with electricenergy during travel with the vehicle. This may for example be electrical wiresrunning in parallel with the road, or in another embodiment it may be an inductivesystem which transfer electrical energy using inductive coupling between thevehicle and some transmitting structure arranged in the road. The electric highway may be a DC system, or an AC system.
Having recognized the drawbacks outlined above, the present inventors havedevised a method of cruise control for an electric vehicle on an electric highway,wherein the vehicle comprises a battery pack and an electric motor. The methodcomprising: determining a current level of charge of the battery pack of thevehicle; determining a destination for the electric vehicle; estimating a requiredlevel of charge of the battery pack to reach the destination with a remaining pre-determined level of charge of the battery pack; calculating a differential level ofcharge which must be supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway inorder to reach the destination with the pre-determined level of charge remaining in the battery pack; and adjust the speed of the vehicle such that the differential level of charge is supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway, upondetermining that a remaining travel time on the electric highway is not sufficient tosupply the battery pack with the differential level of charge required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the differential level of charge iscalculated as the difference between the required level of charge and the current level of charge. ln one embodiment of the present invention the adjustment of the speed furthercomprises increasing the speed to a predetermined maximum speed at the endof the electric highway. This allows the EV to have the maximum allowable amount of kinetic energy, which may be used to freewheel. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the estimation of the required levelof charge of the battery pack to reach the destination uses anyone, orcombination, from the group of topographic data from a geographical information system, traffic simulation data, and historical data. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating a differentiallevel of charge further comprises determining if the differential level of charge ispossible to supply to the electric vehicle by means of the electric highway byadjusting the speed of the electric vehicle, and if it is determined that it is notpossible, determine if a charging station is present on a location along the routeto the destination, and upon determining that a charging station is presentdetermine the required standstill by the electric vehicle in order to supply thenecessary charge to the electric vehicle from the charging station in order to reach the destination. ln one embodiment, the determining of the required stand-still time furtherinvolves determining if the electric vehicle requires a predetermined standstill period, which is obtained from tachograph data from the electric vehicle, or from a 4 remote server. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the level of charge is the state of charge. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the differentiallevel of charge further comprises a calculation of a reduction of power that issupplied to the electric motor due to the adjusted speed of the vehicle, or upondetermining that a charging station is not present, suggest a standstill for apredetermined time at a position along the electric highway in order to supply therequired level of charge to the battery pack from the electric highway.. This allowsa precise determining of the required amount of energy needed to reach the destination.
The present inventors have also devised a cruise control arrangement for anelectric vehicle on an electric highway, wherein the electric vehicle comprises abattery pack and an electric motor, the cruise control arrangement comprises: aprocessor, a memory connected to the processor, and a communication circuitconnected to the processor. The communication circuit is configured to receive: adestination for the electric vehicle, a current speed of the electric vehicle, acurrent position of the electric vehicle, a current charge level of the battery pack.The processor is configured to: determining a current level of charge of thebattery pack of the vehicle by means of the received current charge level,determining a destination for the electric vehicle, estimating a required level ofcharge of the battery pack to reach the destination with a remaining pre-determined level of charge of the battery pack, calculating a differential level ofcharge which must be supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway inorder to reach the destination with the pre-determined level of charge remainingin the battery pack. The processor is further configured to adjust and output thespeed of the vehicle (vset) such that the differential level of charge is supplied tothe battery pack from the electric highway, upon determining that a remaining travel time on the electric highway is not sufficient to supply the battery pack with the differential level of charge required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway. ln one embodiment the processor further is configured to calculate the differentiallevel of charge as the difference between the required level of charge and the current level of charge. ln one embodiment, the adjustment of the speed further comprises increasing the speed to a predetermined maximum speed at the end of the electric highway. ln one embodiment, the processor is further configured to estimate the requiredlevel of charge of the battery pack to reach the destination using anyone, orcombination, from the group of topographic data from a geographical information system, traffic simulation data, and historic data.
The present inventors have also devised an electric vehicle comprising an electricmotor, a battery pack, and a pantograph, wherein the electric vehicle furthercomprises a cruise control arrangement according to embodiments disclosed herein.
Furthermore, the present inventors have also devised a computer-readablestorage medium and a signal carrying instructions which, when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform methods as disclosed herein.
LIST OF DRAWINGS Embodiments of the invention will now be explained in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:Fig. 1 is a schematic block drawing of an EV;Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of an EV on an electric highway; Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating embodiments of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of a cruise control arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a schematic drawing of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 7 is a schematic drawing of an exemplary implementation of the controlarrangement, in programmable signal processing hardware according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an electric vehicle (EV), generally designated100. The EV 100 comprises an electric motor 101 which drives a set of wheels103 by means of a transmission 104. The motor 101 is connected to a DC-link105 via a converter 106, which is configured to convert the DC voltage from theDC-link to AC voltage. Furthermore, a pantograph 102 is connected to the DC-link 105 via a further converter 107. lf the voltage of the electric highway is equalto the DC-link voltage the converter 107 may be omitted. The EV 100 maycomprise a combustion engine in addition to the above-mentioned electricpropulsion means. The EV also comprises a battery pack 108 connected to theDC-link via an optional converter 109. The battery pack is configured to supply electric power to the motor 101.
Figure 2 is a schematic drawing showing the electric vehicle (EV) 100 travellingon an electric highway 200 from point a, which is the current position of the EV onthe electric highway 200, to point c which is the final destination for the EV. Theelectric highway 200 comprises a first distance dab from the point a to a point balong the electric highway, which is provided with electric lines 301. The EV comprises a current collector in form of a pantograph 102 which is configured to engage the electric lines 4-04-ïfor powering the EV. The electric lines may beoverhead lines configured to feed the EV with DC power by means of thepantograph 102. The final destination for the EV is point c, and a second distancedbc extends from said point b to said point c. The second distance dbc is notprovided with electrical lines and therefore the EV must be able to provide its ownpropulsion by means of the motor 101 or a combustion engine of the EV. lf themotor 101 is used for the movement of the EV from point b to point c the batterypack 108 must contain the necessary charge in order to reach the final destination in point c.
The present inventors have realized that by adjusting the set speed of a cruise control the time that the EV is connected to the electrical lines may be adjusted.
Now with reference made to Figure 3 and 5 a cruise control for an electric vehicle100 on an electric highway will be disclosed. The electric vehicle 100 comprises abattery pack 108 and an electric motor 101 as outlined above with reference made to Figure 1. The method comprises the below disclosed steps. ln step S402, a current level of charge (CLa) of the battery pack of the vehicle isdetermined. The current level of charge CLa is indicated as the position where aline 301 intersects the y-axis indicated as E in Figure 3 at time ta. The currentlevel of charge CLa may be the state of charge (SoC), which is a well-known measure in the art. ln step S403, a destination for the electric vehicle is determined. This destinationis indicated as point c in Figure 2. ln one embodiment the determining of thedestination further comprises to determine if the electric vehicle requires apredetermined standstill period during travel from the current position to thedestination. This may for example be obtained by means of reading tachographdata from the vehicle, or from a remote server. The determining of the destination further comprises adjusting the destination to an intermediate destination having a charging station, upon determining that the electric vehicle requires a predetermined standstill period. ln step S404, a required level of charge (CLb) of the battery pack to reach thedestination with a remaining pre-determined level of charge of the battery pack(CLc) is estimated. The estimation of the required level of charge (CLb) of thebattery pack to reach the destination uses anyone, or combination, from thegroup of topographic data from a geographical information system, traffic simulation data, historical data. ln step S405, a differential level of charge (dCL) which must be supplied to thebattery pack from the electric highway in order to reach the destination with thepre-determined level of charge remaining in the battery pack 108 is calculated. lnone embodiment, the differential level of charge (dCL) is calculated as thedifference between the required level of charge (CLb) and the current level ofcharge (CLa). The calculation of the differential level of charge may furthercomprise a calculation of the reduction of power feeded to the electric motor (202) due to the adjusted speed of the vehicle.
Finally in step S406, the speed of the vehicle is adjusted such that the differentiallevel of charge is supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway, upondetermining that a remaining travel time (tab) on the electric highway is notsufficient to supply the battery pack with the differential level of charge (dCL)required to reach the destination, during travel on the electric highway. Theadjustment of the speed may in one embodiment further comprise increasing thespeed to a predetermined maximum speed at the end of the electric highway.
This way the kinetic energy of the EV is maximized and allows for free wheeling.
Figure 3 discloses a graph of level of charge (E) as a function of distance (D). Astart point A in the graph illustrates the current position of the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle travels on an electric highway (200), which ends at an end point B. The final destination for the electric vehicle is indicated as point C. A chargingstation is located at an intermediate point C' between the end point B and thedestination C. An embodiment of the present invention will now be describedusing this graph. The electric vehicle 100 is at the start point A with a speed Vothe electric vehicle comprises a pantograph 102 which engages the overheadlines of the electric highway and supplies the EV with electric power. The EVcomprises a cruise control that is configured to determine the current level ofcharge CLa. Furthermore, the cruise control determines the required level ofcharge CLb in order to reach the destination C, see solid line 301 in Fig. 3. lnorder to reach the destination C the EV must have a required level of charge atpoint B of CLb in order to reach the destination C with a remaining level of chargeCLc. The cruise control determines that the EV must be supplied with adifferential level of charge dCL which may be equal to CLb-CLa during themovement from point A to point B. The cruise control then calculates the requiredcharging time on the electric highway between point A and point B in order tosupply the differential level of charge dCL to the battery pack of the EV, and if it'sdetermined that the current speed Vo of the EV is to high to provide thenecessary charging time, the speed Vo is lowered such that a required chargingtime is achieved. ln one embodiment, there is a lower limit for the speed of theEV. ln a further embodiment of the cruise control according to the present invention.The cruise control determines a required level of charge CLb2 and an associateddifferential level of charge dCL2 which is larger than what is possible to providefrom the electric highway without stopping the EV on the electric highway. Thecruise control is then configured to identify an intermediate charging station at apoint C' between point B and point C. The cruise control then calculates astandstill period at point C' in order to provide the necessary charge to reach the destination at point C with a remaining level of charge CLc in the battery pack. ln a further embodiment, the calculation of standstill period at the charging station atpoint C' involves reading tachograph data from the EV, or download registeredtachograph data from a remote server. Thus the standstill and charging at thecharging station fulfills two purposes: provide necessary charge to the EV, and tofu|fi|| standstill regulations. This scenario is illustrated as the dash-dotted line 302 in Fig. 3. ln Figure 5 a schematic drawing of a cruise control arrangement 500 for anelectric vehicle 100 on an electric highway 200 is disclosed. The electric vehiclecomprises a battery pack 108 and an electric motor 101, as disclosed above withreference made to Figure 1. The cruise control arrangement comprises aprocessor 501, a memory 502 connected to the processor, and a communicationcircuit 503 connected to the processor. The communication circuit is configured toreceive a destination 504 for the electric vehicle from a user interface or a GISsystem 510, a current speed 505 of the electric vehicle from a speedometer 511,a current position 506 of the electric vehicle from a GPS 512, and a currentcharge level 507 of the battery pack from a charge meter 515. Thecommunication circuit may also receive information from a thermometer 513and/or a road condition meter 514 to associated inputs 508, 509. The informationto the communication circuit may also be received from a remote server bymeans of a radio receiver 517, which may receive weather forecasts and trafficinformation that may be considered in the estimation of the required level of charge.
The processor is configured to determine a current level of charge (CLa) of thebattery pack of the vehicle by means of the received current charge level,determining a destination for the electric vehicle, estimating a required level ofcharge (CLb) of the battery pack to reach the destination with a remaining pre-determined level of charge of the battery pack (CLc), calculating a differential level of charge (dCL) which must be supplied to the battery pack from the electric 11 highway in order to reach the destination with the pre-determined level of chargeremaining in the battery pack, and adjust and output the speed of the vehicle(vset) such that the differential level of charge is supplied to the battery pack fromthe electric highway, upon determining that a remaining travel time (tab) on theelectric highway is not sufficient to supply the battery pack with the differentiallevel of charge (dCL) required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway. ln one embodiment, the processor further is configured to calculate thedifferential level of charge (dCL) as the difference betvveen the required level of charge (CLb) and the current level of charge (CLa). ln one embodiment, the processor further is configured to the adjustment of thespeed further comprises increasing the speed to a predetermined maximum speed at the end of the electric highway. ln one embodiment, the processor further is configured to estimate the requiredlevel of charge (CLb) of the battery pack to reach the destination using any one,or combination, from the group of topographic data from a geographical information system (510), traffic simulation data, and historical data. ln Figure 6 an electric vehicle, generally designated 601, according to anembodiment of the present invention is disclosed. The electric vehicle 601comprising an electric motor, a battery pack, and a pantograph, wherein theelectric vehicle further comprises a cruise control arrangement according to embodiments described herein above.
Figure 7 shows an exemplary implementation of the control arrangement 500, inprogrammable signal processing hardware. The signal processing apparatus 700shown in Fig. 7 comprises an input/output (I/O) section 710 for receiving theinformation received by the communication circuit 503 in Figure 5. The signal processing apparatus 700 further comprises a processor 720, a working memory 12 730 and an instruction store 740 storing computer-readable instructions which,when executed by the processor 320, cause the processor 720 to perform theprocessing operations herein above described to control the set speed (vset).The instruction store 740 may comprise a ROM which is pre-loaded with thecomputer-readable instructions. Alternatively, the instruction store 740 maycomprise a RAM or similar type of memory, and the computer readableinstructions can be input thereto from a computer program product, such as acomputer-readable storage medium 750 such as a CD-ROM, etc. or a computer- readable signal 760 carrying the computer-readable instructions. ln the present embodiment, the combination 770 of the hardware componentsshown in Figure 7, comprising the processor 720, the working memory 730 andthe instruction store 740, is configured to implement the functionality of the aforementioned control arrangement 500.

Claims (15)

1. A method (401) of cruise control for an electric vehicle on an electric highwayjï), wherein the electric vehicle (100) comprises a battery pack (ii-MQ) and an electric motor (Q-Qêß), the method comprising the steps of:(8402): determining a current level of charge (CLa) of the battery packof the vehicle; (8403): determining a destination for the electric vehicle; (8404): estimating a required level of charge (CLb) of the battery packto reach the destination with a remaining pre-determined level of chargeof the battery pack (CLc); (8405): calculating a differential level of charge (dCL) which must besupplied to the battery pack from the electric highway in order to reachthe destination with the pre-determined level of charge remaining in the battery pack;(8406): adjust the speed of the vehicle such that the differential level of charge is supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway, upondetermining that a remaining travel time on the electric highway is notsufficient to supply the battery pack with the differential level of charge(dCL) required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway with a current speed.
2. A method (401) of cruise control according to claim 1, wherein the differentiallevel of charge (dCL) is calculated as the difference between the required level of charge (CLb) and the current level of charge (CLa).
3. A method (401) of cruise control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the (8406): adjustment of the speed further comprises increasing the speed to a predetermined maximum speed at the end of the electric highway.
4. A method (401) of cruise control according to any one of the precedingclaims, wherein the (S404): estimation of the required level of charge (CLb)of the battery pack to reach the destination uses any one, or combination, from the group of:topographic data from a geographical information system;traffic simulation data; historical data.
5. A method (401) of cruise control according to any one of the precedingclaims, wherein the step of (8405): calculating a differential level of chargefurther comprises determining if the differential level of charge is possible tosupply to the electric vehicle by means of the electric highway by adjustingthe speed of the electric vehicle, and if it is determined that it is not possible,determine if a charging station is present on a location (c”) along the route tothe destination (c), and upon determining that a charging station is presentdetermine the required standstill by the electric vehicle in order to supply thenecessary charge to the electric vehicle from the charging station in order toreach the destination, or upon determining that a charging station is notpresent, suggest a standstill for a predetermined time at a position along theelectric highway in order to supply the required level of charge (CLb) to thebattery pack from the electric highway.
6. A method (401) of cruise control according to claim 5, wherein the requiredstand-still time further involves determining if the electric vehicle requires a predetermined standstill period, which is obtained from tachograph data from the electric vehicle, or from a remote server.
7. A method (401) of cruise control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the level of charge is the state of charge (SoC).
8. A method (401) of cruise control according to any one of the precedingclaims, wherein the calculation of the differential level of charge furthercomprises calculation of the reduction of power supplied to the electric motor (202) due to the adjusted speed of the vehicle.
9. A cruise control arrangement (500) for an electric vehicle (100) on an electrichighway (wflfï), wherein the electric vehicle comprises a battery pack(iQ-iQ) and an electric motor (QQQQ), the cruise control arrangement comprises:a processor (501 );a memory connected (502) to the processor; a communication circuit (503) connected to the processor, wherein the communication circuit is configured to receive: a destination (504) for the electric vehicle; a current speed (505) of the electric vehicle; a current position (506) of the electric vehicle;a current charge level (507) of the battery pack;wherein the processor is configured to: determining a current level of charge (CLa) of the batterypack of the vehicle by means of the recieved current charge level; determining a destination for the electric vehicle; estimating a required level of charge (CLb) of the batterypack to reach the destination with a remaining pre- determined level of charge of the battery pack (CLc); calculating a differential level of charge (dCL) which mustbe supplied to the battery pack from the electric highway inorder to reach the destination with the pre-determined level of charge remaining in the battery pack; adjust and output the speed of the vehicle (vset) such thatthe differential level of charge is supplied to the batterypack from the electric highway, upon determining that aremaining travel time (tab) on the electric highway is notsufficient to supply the battery pack with the differentiallevel of charge (dCL) required to reach the destination, during travel along the electric highway.
10. A cruise control arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the processorfurther is configured to calculate the differential level of charge (dCL) as thedifference between the required level of charge (CLb) and the current level ofcharge (CLa).
11. A cruise control arrangement according to any one of claims 9 to 10, whereinthe adjustment of the speed further comprises increasing the speed to a predetermined maximum speed at the end of the electric highway.
12. A cruise control arrangement according to any one of claims 9 to 11, whereinthe processor is further configured to estimate the required level of charge(CLb) of the battery pack to reach the destination using any one, or combination, from the group of: 17 topographic data from a geographical information system;traffic simulation data;historical data.
13. An electric vehicle (601) comprising an electric motor, a battery pack, and apantograph (102), wherein the electric vehicle further comprises a cruise control arrangement (500) according to any one of claims 9 to 12.
14. A computer-readable storage medium (750) storing computer programinstructions which, when executed by a processor (720) , cause the processor (720) to perform a method as set out in at least one of claims 1 to7.
15. A signal (760) carrying computer program instructions which, when executedby a processor (720) , cause the processor (720) to perform a method as set out in at least one of claims 1 to 7.
SE2050977A 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 Cruise control for a vehicle on an electric highway SE544329C2 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170297432A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2017-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Vehicle system and control method therefor
DE102018007971A1 (en) * 2018-10-09 2019-04-18 Daimler Ag Method for route guidance of an electrically driven vehicle
DE102019207449A1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for charging a battery of an electrically powered vehicle and electrically powered vehicle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170297432A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2017-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Vehicle system and control method therefor
DE102018007971A1 (en) * 2018-10-09 2019-04-18 Daimler Ag Method for route guidance of an electrically driven vehicle
DE102019207449A1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for charging a battery of an electrically powered vehicle and electrically powered vehicle

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