SE542647C2 - A movable cooling machine, and a method, for cooling of solid material and/or freezing of liquids in a treatment area ofsaid cooling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A movable cooling machine (1) and methods for cooling/freezing of all forms of liquid and solid matter, for example, wet snow in the ski trails, surface water, embankments, mines or roads and adapted for cooling medium such as dry ice and liquid nitrogen, in which the friction member (23), in particular wheels, skids or pontoons, resting on the surface, and forms a tight unit against the treatment area with the insulating members (3) and against the treatment area sliding insulating blade (5). Inside the cooling machine (1) is temperature sensor (37) whose quantities are processed in a controller which regulates the supply of coolant through the gas tap (13) and the speakers/vibrator (61) which reduces the Leiden-frost effect. By sealing the cooling unit against the treatment area and continuous determination of the temperature and air pressure, so are the supply of coolant optimized and cost and labor requirements are minimized and the quality of the work can be continuously monitored.

Description

A movable cooling machine, and a method, for cooling of solid material and or freezing of liquid in a treatment area of said cooling machine TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a movable cooling machine that during operation forms a sealed unit with that to be cooled, and is designed for cooling and freezing of all forms of liquids and solids in the device treatment area, such as in or on surfaces such as wet ski trails, roads, mines or surface water.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There is often a problem to preserve and produce cold, ice and snow when there is a need outdoors, for example when oil or chemicals risk drain into a water source, or at ski races where the snow can melt and make justice racing conditions impossible. If a ski race is forced to be stopped so will much money be at stake and the organizer risks losing the ability to hold a new competition next year. And the skiers, the audience and nearby restaurants and hotels will suffer. There is a long queue of localities wishing to keep skiing competitions but many have problems to ensure the availability of snow, it is therefore common to store snow in large piles or freezing halls and then run out the snow in the ski trails or ski slope just before the race. This is of course very time and labor intensive, and many machines is also required to move and spread snow effectively. Today it is also common to salt ski-trails, downhill courses and ski slopes to temporarily give a slightly harder snow. The increasingly milder winters also produces problems on ice roads, embankments, gravel roads and the like which often becomes sticky and impassable during heavy rainfall or spring thaw, particularly affecting heavier vehicles such as military aircraft, forestry and logging trucks. And also, for example carrallying is sometimes forced to move far north because of poor bearing capacity, or that the road is not covered with ice and snow and provides the desired winter conditions on land or water. Running water is also often a problem, for example, when tunneling and mining, where it sometimes also is a need for temperature differences to induce eg cracking of the rock.

PRIOR ART There are methods to spray ski tracks and other surfaces with water, and then use liquid gas, such as nitrogen, to freeze the water, here can be mentioned EP0541867 (Al), by Morioka, Koji. And in FR2716907 by Pierre Kowalewski, Christian Despaigne Gonzaguegr, they describe how to spray the area to be frozen with liquid nitrogen from a variety of nozzles placed on a cart pulled by a vehicle over the area to be frozen, where the consumption of coolant is equivalent to 100000 liters of gas per 100 meters. FR2716382 by Jean-Pierre Liset describes a method to first produce snowflakes and place them against the ground. Where then a new layer with liquid nitrogen may affect for a while, and then apply water that may freeze. Where the procedure is repeated until the desired thickness of the ice has been achieved. U.S. Patent No. 4,914,923 by Max Duplan relates to the milling of ski tracks and with a sprinkler ramp for irrigation of the snow on the ground. In patent CA2384457 by Makarenka Alex, Horodenka Michael, Dawe Steve is described a device for manufacturing a layer of ice on a frozen surface with water spraying and cooling. There are other devices and methods for milling and also compress the snow and ice, for example U.S. Patent N1. 4,057,916, by Roemer, Benjamin C, and the US Patent number 4,391,051, by Bachler, Anton R describing milling ski tracks. FR2607909 (A1) by Duplan Max, Girardin Pierre, describes an invention with a blade and a cutter to smooth the surface and fitted with sprinkler system to water the ground.

A crucial problem with the known methods of cooling and simultaneous treatment of the surface to be cooled is that they have a very high consumption of coolant. Partly because of the generated cooling gas is not sufficiently separated from the surrounding air, whit which it rapidly mixes and blows away. And when the air pressure in the treatment area is the same as the prevailing air pressure so will it be more difficult to adapt to the desired temperature and airflow and air pressure in the treatment area. While obviously an all-terrain spreader system for liquefied gas that is not fully encapsulated may pose a hazard to humans and animals. Another problem that frequently occurs with known methods for the spread of coolant is that liquid coolant in contact with matter that is much warmer than the liquid's boiling point forms an insulating layer of vapor, and called the Leiden frost effect. Preventing the liquid to boil rapidly and in this occasion also cool the substrate efficiently. Which is the same effect that allows one to dip your fingers in liquid lead by first dipping them in water, or that a water droplet can dance on a glowing hot plate for a long time, more of the Leiden frost effect can be read at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrosteffect. If liquid refrigerant gas is just sprayed onto a surface so will large quantities be required to achieve an effect, and if the refrigerant gas is sprayed against something located above or on the side wall, for example in a mine, would provide very low effect and be dangerous for the surroundings.

High consumption also means comprehensive transportation and handling of gas cylinders.

Furthermore, in the described methods takes not account for the often varying needs of coolant in relation to the desired economic optimum temperature of air to cool the substrate. At the same time so knows the operator not the optimal speed regarding consumption of coolant to achieve the desired cooling effect, especially when the nature of the ground surface changes. Additionally drops flow per unit time when the pressure drops in the gas cylinder/bottle if you do not use flow controller, why the speed must be reduced if the same amount of coolant is to be spread all the time, and you do not have full control of the fullness of the gas cylinder. And a chiller operating at very low temperatures must of course be equipped with statutory safety equipment and be approved by the State Control not to be a danger to the operator or the environment. The cooling machines existing today have very little market because the cost of coolant is considered too high and the risk of injury is too large, while the quality of the end result is considered too variable, for example, ski clubs and organizers of competitions shall use existing machines outdoors. And a requirement for the chiller to work for this purpose is also the need to handle diverse and demanding terrain and weather.

Dry ice produced from carbon dioxide and sublimates directly into the gaseous state at the constant temperature of -78.5 ° C, used particular in applications to be cooled at a constant low temperature and low humidity. Liquid gases, especially carbon dioxide and nitrogen, are now very common methods for example cooling in firefighting, cooking, transportation, pharmaceutical manufacturing and smoke effects, and especially when it is required very low temperatures. Liquid nitrogen holds a temperature of -196 ° C and can be supplied directly into the nozzle of a snowmaking machine to allow formation of ice crystals at high air temperatures, and often used in the repair of cracks in the ice hockey rinks, where the crack is first filled with water and then frozen with liquid nitrogen from handheld bottle, more applications and data about nitrogen is available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen. At a temperature of -5 degrees consume a modern snowmaking machine about 10 liters of air and 2 liters of water per second, and the energy consumed to produce one cubic meter of snow is about 0.75 kWh, the biggest cost is for the air pressure to push the water through the nozzle. Dry ice can be purchased as pellets or in blocks of usually 30 kg, which is used in particular for trucking and shipping transports, and costs about 25 SEK per kilo. And liquid nitrogen makes up about 78% of the air we breathe and is not combustible and is now mostly a by-product of oxygen, and therefore quite cheap, about 5 SEK / kg. There are also other gases that produce significantly lower temperatures, for example, helium -271 ° C, but has a much higher production cost and are therefore less suitable for this purpose, although all liquid gases and gas mixtures which are not flammable or otherwise hazardous can be used for a cooling effect. The freezing of water and material goes very fast at these temperatures and for example, at -40 °C a bucket of water can be thrown up in the air where the water may freeze into crystals before reaching the ground.

Today's users are environmentally conscious and demands that the result of cooling and processing of, for example, wet conditions or other treatment areas are predictable regarding quality, cost and time, while the work afterwards need to be verified with the stored data on where and how the work was done, so that for example the future design and processing of ski tracks at various temperatures and snow conditions easier can be predicted. There is therefore a need for methods or procedures to reduce the problems described, which of course must be designed to minimize the energy and cost in terms of security and environmentally acceptable manner.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a machine for trapping gas and coolant to the desired area, surface, object or the like, here called treatment area, and which may be located below, above or on the side of the towed or bearing machine during said machines continuous forward movement and cooling therein residual liquid and or solid matter in several areas. The machine can with small modifications be used throughout the year and to various cooling assignments.

This is accomplished with a movable cooling machine, and as in use forms at least one closed unit around the treatment area to be frozen. The casing around the treatment area is completely or partly open towards that to be cooled, here called surface, for optimum contact between the subject, for example the snow on the ground, and refrigerant liquid and or refrigerant air. Where the refrigerant air refers to at any time trapped and variable mixture of conventional refrigerated air and or gas supplied, such as nitrogen from a gas-cylinder and or dry ice. The cooling unit is designed for motorized propulsion, which here means a motorized self-propelled unit, or that the forward movement is created by another motorized vehicle, for example towed behind a tractor, snowmobile or a boat. In the version with separate towing vehicle, is advantageously the cooling machine designed as a long-drawn sleigh. As in the embodiment of ski tracks is designed such that the frictionmeans, here called friction member, glides against the surface, here in the form of skids that also forms part of the outer insulation on the sides. And is then provided with insulating-member and insulating-blade in front and at the rear end of the device, that forces the cooling machine to follow existing tracks and simultaneously seals so that air pressure can be higher than outside, where the frame and the main part is produced in cold-resistant material such as steel or aluminum. The device can also be designed so that the refrigeration unit is height adjustable and horizontally and vertically pivotable relative to the friction-members, such as the wheels or skids, carrying the cooling unit weight. Where one or more hydraulic pistons or hydraulic arms are anchored to the casting enclosure frame-party and to the frame of said ground support unit, where the cooling unit can be tilted horizontally and vertically as well as raised and lowered in order to cool below, above and on the sides of the machine, such as the roof, floor and all sides in a tunnel or mine. The cooling machines insulating and sealing enclosure/casing surrounding the treatment area is also advantageously equipped with a large from the outside openable container that can be filled with coolant which, for example, sublimates and then spread through the air to the cooling unit treatment area through small hole in the container. The emitted cold is trapped by one or more layer with stiff or hanging insulating and cold-resistant here called insulating members, designed as for example, curtains, with the advantage airtight and water-repellent fabric, metal, composites or inflatable flexible seal, where the insulating member free side is sliding against the surface to seal. Each side of the cooling machine advantageously has individually replaceable insulating members and at its upper part is fixed to the roof or sides of the cooling machine. The insulating members advantageously has a length so that it covers the entire side it will insulate against the environment and can be placed inside the machine's treatment area and or outside around the cooling unit, with one or more layers. To reduce the moisture from freezing solid on cooling machine parts, all inside parts are treated with a coating which advantageously contains nano-particles, which are designed to be moisture resistant, and has on laboratory tests and practical use proved to be very effective, especially applied on windshields on vehicles.

Part dragging against the ground, here called surface, and especially the outer part or carrying boundary towards the surroundings of the machine is made of metal or other cold-resistant and or flexible material, which can also be equipped with heating elements to increase flexibility and durability even further, and give such a tight unit as possible. The maximum pressure that can be trapped in the cooling machines treatment area at any given time depends largely on insulating organs design, processing area's nature, and the cooling machines pressure to the treatment area, where high air pressure with minimal leakage of cooling air often is preferred as the cooling effect increases with the number of cooling molecules hits the surface to be cooled. A high air pressure also increases the effect of air-borne vibrations and other air movement. On the front and back so can the cooling machine have a dozer blade or insulating-blade fitted with sprung suspension so that its lower parts constantly exert pressure against the surface and pushed backwards by friction or form the ground and continually smooth the surface. Which at the ski tracks in addition can be designed with two protrusions corresponding the track depth and width, and can be designed separately resilient, and glide in the groove, and is here called track-blade.

On the sides could sheet metal or other cold-resistant material in addition rest against the surface, or partly penetrate the surface and can if necessary be designed as pontoons or skids and can then also serve as friction member and carry the cooling unit. When used on arable land or road so is the cooling machine advantageously provided with friction means in the form of carrying wheels and, if necessary, bogie, and if it is long so can the supporting frame being rotatable by providing it with one or more joints in horizontal and or vertical direction, to not lose contact with the ground on uneven surfaces or cut across during sharp turns. Where the enclosure at the front part advantageously slides over the rear section, and with a flexible seal between the parts. Part that touches and slides toward the surface can also be equipped with slide coating optimized for low friction.

The insulation in the walls and ceiling can advantageously consists of expanded polystyrene, glass wool or aero-gel with purpose built properties and helps to confine the generated chill in the machine, and also confine generated sounds, especially infrasound and or ultrasound, which is used to create vibration in the cooling air to increase the air cooling effect and reduce the Leiden frost effect. And if necessary is sound used to vibrate the object to be treated, for example compress snow or soil or crack some rocks, and vibrate internal parts in the cooling machine to keep it clean from ice and dirt, wherein said inner parts advantageously are regularly treated with water repellent containing nano-particles. Insulating organ, of advantageously water-resistant, flexible and coldresistant material, and the front and rear seals encloses the entire cooling machine and constitute a safety barrier and reduces the need for coolant, and also means that only the desired area is cooled, such as ceiling or wall in a tunnel or ski tracks and its close surroundings, when the cooling machine is slowly moving along the calculated route. All parts subject to wear against the surface should be easily replaceable and fastened with screws, hooks, and rails or similar. It is of course desirable with as low a temperature as possible in the cooling machine treatment area, and preferably below -50 ° C. Dry ice turns into gas at -78.5 ° C and when there is a need for extremely low temperatures so can liquid nitrogen be used with a temperature of -196 ° C and is taken directly from one or more here called gas-cylinders, even if the content when necessary may be taken in liquid form, where one or more nozzles is located on the inside of the cooling machine, and can be designed in known manner, and may in the simplest configuration consist of one or more downwardly directed holes of a vertically disposed tubes, but is preferably configured to deliver coolant through at least one rotating, angled and hinged valve in accordance with the principle of sprinklers, or as mist or gas and can also be mixed with other particles for increased cooling efficiency by reducing the Leiden frost effect, and where the gas flow can be continuously controlled by a motorized crane, here called gastap, and with the guidance of temperature sensors inside the cooling machine. Furthermore, measures a pressure sensor air pressures in the cooling unit treatment area, and whose quantities are used to regulate and optimize the air pressure acting against, and where appropriate in, fridgeobjects, for example, the snow, or the road surface, or rock so that porous materials such as snow and soil can be compressed. Advantageously it also measures the temperature and the consistency of the water to be cooled in the surface both before and after treatment, with for example a heat censor / infrared camera / ground radar, for example to verify that a wet road or ground frostdamaged road has cooled sufficiently, or that a wet ski tracks have been frozen. Furthermore, are speed and geographic coordinates measured and stored continuously and obtained from, for example, a GPS unit and or transmitter in the neighborhood.

It is a known fact that wind increases the cooling effect by influencing the warming air layer that is created around all objects that are exposed to cooler air than the object's temperature, see for example the researchers Randall Osczevskis (USA) and Maurice Blue Stein's (Canada) formula which describes the effective temperature at the wind chill. In said cooling machine can for this purpose also be used for example fan, vibrator, snow-cutter or directed gas nozzles to create strong turbulence in the entire treatment area, which is made possible by the apparatus constitutes a closed unit with the object / objects to be cooled, for example in said ground surface. Air movement also affects the Leiden frost effect, which can be further reduced with vibrator or sound devices where a speaker connected to the cooling machine emits sound of the appropriate volume, frequency and intervals to air, refrigerant gas and or the ground and vibrate and shake to remove or reduce the drops of coolant and insulating membranes between the cooling gas and objects to be cooled. Sound of suitable frequency can also, as ben described earlier, be used to compress the surface, such as snow or soil and crack some rocks. The expanding gas also gives a higher air pressure in the cooling unit than the outside air pressure which, as previously described, increasing penetration in matter and pockets of air in porous materials such as snow and soil and increases the number of cooling molecules in contact with that to be cooled. On the front or inside the cooling machine can also be placed one or more nozzles, specially designed to produce snow and nozzles for flushing water, to produce and bring snow or ice on the spot and with optimal spray direction during the cooler's continuous forward motion wherein container of water then must be carried on. Where the low temperature in the cooling machine in combination where the compressed air normally used, completely or partially can be replaced with cooling gas, provides efficient crystal formation, which can be further increased by adding particles ice crystals may form around at therefor known manner. If required, liquid, ground or pelletized dry ice is distributed with a rotary spreader, modeled on the principle of a regular rotating seed spreader, or with compressed air, and spread in or around the cooling machine, for example in the slalom slopes or on the high seas to lower the surface temperature. Dry ice can also be spread in very wet trails, and here adapted grain size to the desired duration of action under the current conditions.

At very wet surfaces and when snowmaking in the cooling machine so is a risk of ice crystals stuck on the machine and can be shaken off with previously described audio devices, such as one or more speakers and or other electronic systems. Where created effect of vibrations mainly depends on the placement of speakers, level of sound and frequency. This effect can be exemplified whit infrasound from trucks that can cause excessive vibration that gets the entire soil to resonate, and is common at frequencies below 10 Hz. Today, for example, ultrasound can be used for cleaning of teeth and also on windows of cars and aircraft, and typically with a frequency of 20 to 40 kHz, see examples http://bytbil.com/nyheter/2vhevkyg7utm_McLaren_Vindrutetorkare_ett_minne_blott&%23xtor=AD -500-[bytbil_nyheter]-[]-[mittspalt]-[aftonbladet]-[]-[] A speaker or other sound making device can be activated at the same time as the coolant is supplied to the cooling area, or controlled through switches by the driver, or activated automatically by a computer unit with the guidance of magnitudes from sources such as ground penetrating radar, heat sensor, moisture meter, pressure gauge or temperature sensor for determining, for example, the ratio in the cooling area, rock, snow or soil depth as well as its texture and layers with different properties and the like, where the volume and frequency or multiple frequencies simultaneously can be evolved and adapted to the at each location prevailing conditions, with the guidance of its storedknown properties, to constantly vibrate the cooling air, the objects to be cooled and the cooling machine optimally. This method can also be used to reduce the risk of landslides by freezing moisture in the soil and reduce the risk of avalanches and fracture some rock types which advantageously first heating with a gas flame, micro-waves or laser, with suitable strength, and is disposed on a robot arm at the cooling machines front, or on a separate machine, and commute from side to side or point heat / melt to the desired depth or temperature, and then rapidly cooled in the machines treatment area on the previously heated places and creates freezing between different snow layers, or may make matter in the rock to shrink and crack, where vibrations from said audio device, with optimized frequency and power, in some cases may enhance the desired effect of vibration delicate surfaces.

An electrically driven vibrator can be bolted to the outside of the cooling machine and can be used so that iced parts can be vibrated, and is activated by the operator at therefor known way with switch / shutter or automatically by preset time interval via the controller. The cooling machine has an estimated consumption of between 200-1000 kg liquid nitrogen per hour and 1.5 meters working width and travel at speeds between 1-5 km / h, in part because of the cooling requirement and the length of the device, which increases the exposure time. The cost of gas should normally range between 1,000 and 5,000 SEK per kilometer, and as an example, the length of the ski trails at regular World Cup races rarely exceeds 5 km, why freezing of the tracks would constitute a very small part of the total cost of arranging a contest. The cooling machine is equipped with several types of systems to analyze the surroundings and safety systems to reduce the risk of frost damage, especially automatic shutdown of the refrigerant if sensors detect that someone is approaching or touching the cooling machine or if the machine loses contact with the ground, and these sensors can be customized as required and if used close to people, such as heat sensor / camera, motion detection, sensing detector, laser, infrared systems and ground penetrating radar. All metal parts that may be affected are coated to prevent freezing, at therefor known means which prevents direct contact with various coating and, for example, the fingers. There is also an automatic warning signal or spoken warning from the speaker or electronic sound generators that can be given in case of danger or need for action. The environment can also be warned optically, were the cooling machine carrying at least one display with information direct to people close to the machine, or flashing warning light, for example, hazard lights, and light directed towards the surroundings. In particular red laser light that illuminates the immediate vicinity of the cooling machine, which may not be entered by persons in the surrounding area.

The work area is scanned automatically by a remote-sensing device, for example a GPRS, which measures the kind of ground in the surface and especially the density, cracking and weakening, its depth and obstructions near or above the surface. The area is mapped in this way and then calculates if the ground holds the stored requirements and if it should be refrigerated, such as rock type, minimum ice or snow depth, smoothness, etc., and its degree of compression. The radar screen is brought to sweep from side to side over the intended treatment area in front of the cooling machine if he is self-propelled, and for safety and risk of interference behind the towed cooling machine according to the described embodiment, where a GPS continuously determines the precise geographic location. The area inside and outside the cooling machine can be continually monitored by video camera with image analysis for the determination of, for example, smoothness of the treatment area, obstacles, people or animals in dangerous proximity and determine what type of matter is contained in the proposed treatment area, including the kind of rock, metal or liquid where the collected variables can also be used to continuously optimize treatment at each location. The time of effect on the coolant can be increased by an extended cooling unit, for example a dragged aluminum-foil which encloses the cold against the ground to be cooled, for example, the ski trail or shallow water. Of course, so can the machine also be controlled and monitored remotely, at therefor known manner.

The cooling unit allows a method of effectively cooling chemicals, water, ice and other liquid and solid matter outdoors or in, for example tunnels in the underground to reduce the problems caused by heat or facilitate further processing. It also makes cleaning up after an algal bloom on the water surface and the like easier. The machine reduces the cost of coolant, personnel, machinery and for example storage areas for snow accumulation, while the method is environmentally friendly.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, Figure I shows a block diagram of control functions of the cooling machine, figure 2 shows a perspective view of a cooling machine for ski trails, figure 3 shows a cooling machine for ski trails from below, figure 4 shows a cooling machine with pontoons for cooling water or algae, figure 5 shows the display with map and the cooling machine precise location and found objects in or at the surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In Fig. 2 and 3 is shown a device for cooling especial ground surfaces with cooling requirements, whose main part consists of a tightly sealing enclosure against the surface to be cooled, here called a cooling machine 1. And advantageously is insulated with glass wool, polystyrene or aero-gel, and one or more teams of against the surface tightly sealed enclosures, here designed as flexible curtains in the form of insulating-members 3 of water repellent fabric to reduce the need for coolant and reduce the risk of personal injury. At the front and rear of the cooling machine 1 is also a resilient seal that slides against the surface in the form of insulating-blade 5, which can also smooth the surface and in this embodiment is provided with two tracks-blade 7 which seal and slide on the ski trail. Inside the cooling machine 1, there is at least one nozzle 9, designed for the spread of refrigerant in gas- or liquid form and connected to the gas-cylinder 11 containing liquid nitrogen, via a hose and motorized gas-tap 13 for flow control, there is also a sensor, not shown, for the continuous determination of opening degree in degrees from fully open to fully closed, especially in percent from 1 - 100. The positional sensor signals are directed to the control unit. In an externally sealable container 15 inside the cooling machine, can a refrigerant such as dry ice be placed to provide a continuous basic cooling.

At the back of the cooling machine 1 is in this embodiment also placed a dry-ice container 17 connected to a motor driven spreaders 19 and whose flanges 21 throws liquid carbon dioxide, or dry ice pellets in the cooling machine 1, working range behind the machine and extend the cooling capacity. A position sensor, not shown, for the power switch on the spreader 19 is transmitted to the control unit. Friction member 23, here in the form of hydraulically height-adjustable skids, provides stability and mobility with low friction against the ground, and is in this embodiment designed to also seal against the surface of the cooling machines 1, both long-sides. The towing hook 25 can be connected to a towing vehicle 47, not show, for example, a tractor or a snowmobile. Also, such as electrical wiring, gas-, water-, and hydraulic pips are of course at therefor known way connected with the respective organ of the cooling unit 1 and the respective organ of the towing vehicle 47. Surface sensor 27 is positioned behind the cooling machine where a pressure wheel 29 is continuously pressed against the surface with a definite spring pressure, corresponding smallest hardness, where to soft surface makes the wheel 29 to be pushed down and activates the surface sensor 27, where the received signals are transmitted to the control unit located on the towing vehicle for evaluation, where the results may be lower speed forward or that the gas tap 13 is opened further and add more coolant to the cooling machine treatment area.

The rear portion of the cooling machine 1 has a radar-arm 41 which is pivotable and hinged and whose movements are controlled by electric motor. At the free end of the radar-arm 41 is a sensor for sensing the ground characteristics, as in the illustrated embodiment is a ground-radar screen 43, and includes both the transmitter and receiver for suitable radar wavelengths. Received echo signals are also led to a control unit positioned inside the cooling machines driving unit for evaluation. The information from the ground penetrating radar is also used to determine if, for example, snow and or water is to be supplied to the surface, where snow is supplied via snow-nozzle 49 through activation of its motor-driven or hydraulically driven water pump 51 whose drive means is monitored by the position sensor, not shown, and activation of the motorized gas-tap 53, whose position is monitored by a position sensor, not shown, and connected to gas-cylinder 55, and or electrically or hydraulically driven air compressor or fan 59 whose drive means is monitored by the position sensor, not shown. Water can be sprayed to the surface in front of or inside the cooling machine 1 through the water nozzle 57 by activating the water pump 51 where the water then is frozen in the cooling machine 1 treatment area. Activation of the speaker/vibrator 61 is advantageously carried out at a predetermined interval and regulated by the control unit, where the operator, for example, adjusts the intervals for the coolant cooling effect on the surface, to optimally reduce the Leiden frost effect, as well as the calculated amount of humidity or cooling load in the cooling machines treatment area. The snow cutter 63 is activated when there is a need to smooth or loosen the ground or splash up water molecules for the generation of free ice crystals, even here is a sensor, not shown, for monitoring cutter drive means. Furthermore, a sensor, not shown, for determining the GPRS-screen 43, and the position and position-angle to the cooling machine 1. The positional sensor signals are also led to the control unit in the same way as magnitudes from all monitored sensors in the cooling machine 1.

For determination of surface characteristic can sensors of various kinds be used, which have been specifically developed for locating landmines, see the article 'Searching for landmines" Mechanical Engineering, April 1996, pp. 62 - 67. Here, in addition to ground penetrating radar, IR systems and various acoustic systems can be mentioned.

The area closest to the cooling machine 1 is continuously monitored by a thermal sensor 31, with synchronized laser to measure the distance to objects in the thermal sensors 31 surveillance area, from manner known in other applications, especially in controlling of robots, and whose magnitudes are led to the controller unit. Thermal sensor 31 records the temperature of the immediate surroundings after emitted heat energy, and especially the temperature of the cooled surface and hot object that indicates whether living or motorized objects to avoid. Where the signals are routed to the control unit and a timekeeping device is started if the ground is unacceptably hot or objects with high temperature indicating life. Where incoming degrees from the thermal sensor 31 is compared with the stored values that can have different result reactions, such as emergency stop by the influence of the speed controller 45, and its position sensor, not shown, or increased or decreased flow of coolant through the influence of the gas-tap 13. If any preset value is exceeded it also led information to a display 35 so that the driver / operator in real time can see the status of the machine. The controller can, for example, reduce speed if something alive comes too close, or if chilled area behind the machine 1 is not sufficiently cooled. The temperature in the cooling machine 1 treatment area is continuously monitored by the temperature sensor 37 and the air pressure in the cooling machine 1 treatment area is monitored at the demands of rapid cooling, of air pressure sensor 65 and whose magnitudes are led to the control unit during use, and is part of the decision basis for the regulation of the gas-tap 13 so that the optimum temperature and air pressure all the time can be kept in the treatment area. Also shown at 39 a GPS antenna is attached to the cooling machine 1 for wireless communications such as GPS satellites, or for example, terrestrial antennas for the absolute determination of the cooling machine 1 geographical location. All functions can be remotely supervised from a control center via the wireless information transfer, and the cooling machine 1 can also be designed to be completely remote controlled.

The function of the machine will now be described. Functions to be used during cooling is activated and the cooling machine 1 is assumed to move continuously forward at low speed, and the sealing and insulating-member 3 rests around the treatment area to be cooled, for example against the same snow trails as the cooling machines 1, friction member 23 in the drawing 2, as well as over or alongside in tunnels or mines or the equivalent, and is completely or partly open towards the treatment area. Dry ice in the container 15 provides a uniform basic cooling through small holes in the container. Created cooling is kept trapped in the cooling machines 1, cooling area with isolation, especially glass wool, polystyrene or aero gel, where additional insulation against the surface insulates against the environment and consists of one or more layers of frost resistant insulatingmember 3 around the entire machine and dragging or sliding against the surface. The geographical position is constantly known through a GPS where the antenna 39 continuously receives signals from satellites or transmitters in the neighborhood, signals are routed to a control unit and are then also stored with coordinates. The ground-radar screen 43 is caused to sweep laterally across the land area in front of the cooling machine 1, if the machine is self-propelled. And according to the described embodiment in drawing 2 for safety and risk of interference behind the cooling machine, and simultaneously with emitted radar waves of suitable wavelength. The received echo signals are transmitted to the central controller unit. And simultaneously are position sensor signals transmitted to the controller unit and correlates measured echo signals with different points on the surface by evaluating both positional sensor signals and received location signals regarding the cooling machine 1, absolute position. The echo signals are evaluated and especifically determined for each point of the swept surface are, for example, the type of rock and its structure at different depths, cracks, ice thickness and snow depth and the amount of free or homogeneous area there is in the horizontal direction, ie, in all different horizontal directions based on each considered point. In particular, the density ie consistency and various obstacles located in or above the intended surface to cool, such as snow layer, determined with respect to its location in the horizontal axis and the vertical direction, shape, etc. The calculated data is stored and then evaluated for determining, for example, the snow / ice texture and carrying capacity. And the need for more snow over localized rocks stumps etc. or if there is a need for preheating with microwaves, laser or gas flame, for example, to fracture the rock in a mine, or melt snow at risk of avalanche in and then freezing it in the treatment area. Where the exact location is known with GPS and continually correlated with in the computer unit stored map for determining the exact position, and where snow layers known to cause sliding is identified. Hereby used as input parameters the depth, in this case the ice or snow depth in millimeters, and density that increases as wetter the snow is, and the calculates with these magnitudes the risk of avalanche. Where, if necessary, potential avalanche strength can be calculated with the stored map and stored magnitudes for the mountain slope and its length. The identified new measured places are stored.

Pressure sensor 65 and the temperature sensor 37 is continuously transmitting signals to a control unit for evaluation, which at Dev from a stored desired value sends the signal to a driver circuit for gas tap 13 so that the tap after startup, open to roughly estimated position indicated as a percentage between 0 - 100% i.e. from closed to fully open, and where the pressure in the gas-cylinder 11 ail the time is known, because the flow per unit time decreases with lower pressure. One or more thermal sensors 31 monitor the area around the cooling machine 1 and the signals is transferred to the control unit for evaluation, and particularly evaluates hot object in the travel direction and close objects on the sides and behind regarding heat emission and distance, and the temperature of the already chilled area. The determined new places and data are stored. While temperature sensor 37 continuously transmits signals to the control unit for evaluation, where they are compared to stored data with desired values, and correlated with the magnitudes from air pressure sensor 65 and at Dev from the calculated optimum values, the control unit sends signal to the driver circuit for the gas tap 13, so that the gas flow is increased or decreased in relation to the deviation and the size thereof, and if the temperature sharply increase above a limit value, so will also a signal be sent to lower the speed of the cooling machine 1 in that the control unit transmits signal to the display 35, and the driving circuit for speed-control 45 and slows the speed with an estimated magnitude to achieve adequate cooling, determined action actions are stored.

Surface sensor 27 sends signal to the control unit if the rear mounted spring-loaded wheel 29 is pressed downward and activates the surface sensor 27 due to soft surface, for a predetermined time, indicating poor freezing if the surface sensor 27 is activated for longer than the predetermined time period. The signal is led to the control unit that stores the time data in a storage device and a computing unit compares the stored time data when the controller will send signal to the driver circuit for gas tap 13 to open, and at long-term Dev also sends the signal to the driver circuit for speed control 45, where the speed is measured in km/h, and also appears on the display 35. The operator of the cooling machine 1, gets continuous information from the sensors, and which also are automatically calculated in relation to the desired values and actual conditions so that the work all the time can be optimized.

A block diagram of the cooling machine's electronic circuitry is shown in Fig. 1. A central control unit 201 in the form of a processor or a multitude of processors working in parallel receives signals from the GPS antenna 39, from the ground radar screen 43 and from position sensors 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221 for the various organs 27, 31, 37, 41, 45, 51, 53, 59, 61 and 63 respectively positions. The control unit 201 operates by a control scheme which can be divided into a number of parallel-working processes or program sections, which of course can receive and transmit information to each other.

A program section 223 processes the GPS signals and determines at each moment the cooling machines 1 exact, absolute geographical position and its absolute direction of movement and speed. Processes 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241 and 243 processes the signals from the position sensors 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, respective 221 and determines based on these the instantaneous current values and the corresponding device's position relative to the cooling machine 1, ie radar screen for ground-radar 43 vertical position and horizontal position and its position angle, temperature sensors 37 regarding degrees ° C inside the cooling machine, thermal sensor 31 quantities in degrees ° C regarding registered heat emission and distance to hot objects in the immediate surroundings, quantities of surface sensors 27, shows whether the pressure wheel 29 penetrates the surface and the sensor for gas tap 13 shows the continuous flow of coolant per unit time, the sensor's quantities from the spreader 19 indicates if additional coolant is spread, and must be able to make an emergency stop, for example if something living comes too close, the speed in km /h can be automatically affected by the speed control 45, not shown, for example, by strangling or increase the supply of energy for propulsion, water spraying on the surface can be done via waternozzle 57 or through the snow-nozzle 49 and monitored and activated via sensors and shutter / switch for water pump 51 and the electrically controlled regulation of the gas-tap 53 for snowmaking. If the ground is uneven and needs to be smoothed so can an electrically or hydraulically powered snow-cutter 63 be activated by the driver or automatically if the ground-radar 43 monitoring parameters corresponding to the stored parameters when the snow cutter 63 is to be activated by the controller.

Then, the positions are determined absolute by information on the vehicle's absolute position retrieved from the module 223. A process 245 processes the signals from the ground-radar 43 for determining the depths, obstructions, density, etc. and correlate the calculated data with the correct absolute geographical position by receiving current position data from the module 223. The calculated data values are stored in a mass memory 247. The stored data on surface characteristics is then evaluated further in a module 249, which in an optimal way determines the magnitude of possible measures. For the determination module 249 has access to positions of already implemented measures, which are stored in a memory 251. When the new pending data is found and determined, their positions are stored in memory 251.

Control processes 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269 and 271 control the various supervised moving parts of the cooling machine 1, ie, Radar-arm 41 movement, gas-tap 13 movement and spreader 19 movement, water pump 51 movement, gas-tap 53 movement, compressor 59 movement, speaker/vibrator 61 movement, snow-cutter 63 movement and sound maker 33, and speed-control 45. For this control, they have access to other organs current location and magnitudes. The control modules for 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269 and 271 sends signals to drive circuits for the various components and to the memory 251 for storing each performed action.

The control module 253 thus sends the signal to the driver circuits 273 for radar arm 41 operation. The control module 255 sends the signal to the driver circuit 275 for operating the gas-tap 13, and the drive circuit 277 for operating the spreader 19 and the drive circuit 279 for operating the speed control 45, further marked in the memory 251 when an action is performed. The control module 257 sends the signal to the driver circuit 275 for operating the gas-tap 13, and the drive circuit 279 for operating the speed-control 45, and the drive circuit 277 for operating the spreader 19 or activation of signal transducer 33. The control module 259 sends the signal to the drive circuit 275 for controlling the gas-tape 13, and the drive circuit 279 for operating the speed control 45.

Control module 261 sends the signal to the drive circuit 275 for operating the gas-tap 13. Control module 263 transmits the signal to the drive circuit 277 for operating the spreader 19. Control module 265 transmits the signal to the drive circuit 279 for operating the speed-control 45. The control module 267 sends the signal to the driver circuit 281 for operating the water pump 51. The control module 269 transmits the signal to the driver circuit 283 for operating the gas-tap 53. The control module 271 sends the signal to the driver circuit 285 for operating the vibrator/speaker 61 or snow-cutter 63. When an operation is performed, a signal is sent to the memory 251 in order to mark that the operation has now been carried out on this site and with the actual magnitudes.

Signals of the cooling machine 1 current position and activated organs and previously executed actions can be sent to a display 35, which may be mounted in the cooling machine 1 or towing vehicle's driving cab. On this can be shown, see Fig. 5, the cooling machine located at the bottom in the middle, see the symbol 1 and shows the actual location on a digital map and symbols 67 for obstacles, hot objects and the like, and carried out and planned new measures.

Looking at the display 35, the driver can, for example, choose a route to create the desired total variation and or track length for ski trails, as well as continuous monitoring of the cooling machine 1 status, for example, cooling capacity and consumption of coolant and the remaining amount of refrigerant.

List of cooling unit's main components in preferred embodiment: 1. The cooling machine. 3. Insulating-member (element, curtain, seals against the surface - flexible, type metal, fabric or coldresistant composites).

. Insulating-blade, (sprung suspension and seals against the surface on the cooling machines front and end, possibly also designed as dozer blade, and seals and forms the ground). 7. Track-blade, (at the longitudinal difference in level, such trails, and may be attached to 5, and seals and shapes the ski-track or equivalent). 9. Nozzle, (for liquid or gas, can also be designed with pre-heater for faster gasification of the liquid gas). 11. Gas-cylinder/bottle, (for example, liquid gas in particular nitrogen or liquid ordinary air mixture, where the expanding gas also increases the pressure in the refrigeration unit). 13. The gas-tap (for nitrogen and the like, is automatically controlled for optimum gas flow adjusted to the prevailing conditions in the cooling machine 1 treatment area, according to the desired result).

. Container, (for example dry ice provides a basic cooling and sublimates directly to gas at a constant temperature of -78.5 ° C. The shelf is closable from the outside for easy filling). 17. Dry-ice container, (used together with spreader 19). 19. Spreader (dry ice / liquid carbonic acid). 21. Flanges, (on a rotating disc and throwing dry ice / carbonic acid, etc. run by spreader 19). 23. Friction-member, (wheels, skids, pontoons 69, bands or equivalent bodies. Is carrying the cooling machine 1 and allows easy movement).

. Tow-bar, (hook, when towed embodiment of the cooling machine 1). 27. Surface-sensor (measuring the freezing level at the surface behind the cooling machine by means of wheel 29). 29. Pressure-wheel (spring loaded, attached to 27 and exerts a pressure against the surface). 31. Thermal-sensor, (particularly infrared camera measures the temperature on surfaces and surroundings). 33. Sound-maker (horn/speakers/sound sensor. Can warn the surroundings and or create vibrations, where at least two sound sensors can create both infra- and ultrasound simultaneously and optimize the movements of both individual molecules in gases and liquids, and coherent molecules in for example matter in the rock or snow).

. Display, (in the driver<'>s cab and or in a control center with wireless transfer, and can also be placed on the cooling machine for informing the people standing near the machine). 37. Temperature sensor (inside the cooling machine, and whose great's controls the flow of cooling gas through the gas tap 13). 39. Antenna (GPS position). 41. Radar-arm, (GPRS - ground penetrating radar) 43. Ground-radar (GPRS, looking through matter and measure the surface depth and texture and the like). 45. Speed control, (brake / throttle). 47. Towing vehicles, (not shown, for example, tractor, snowmobile, boat or car). 49. Snow-nozzle, (production of snow inside or outside the cooling machine). 51. Water pump, (via water-nozzle 57 or snow-nozzle 49). 53. Gas-tap snow (controls flow of cooling gas at snowmaking). 55. Gas-cylinder, (eg nitrogen to the snowmaking or reserve tank). 57. Water Nozzle (supplies water to the ground in front of or inside the cooling machine). 59. Fan/compressor (creates positive pressure and or air circulation for increased wind cooling effect, while reducing the Leiden-frost effect). 61. Speaker/vibrator (compress the surface and shake off the ice from the machine and or decreases Leiden-frost effect and increases the wind-cooling effect, can be used in combination with sound maker 33. Sound transducer, for example, speakers connected to the computing device with stored audio may also make infrasound and or ultrasound). 63. Snow-cutter (smooth's the surface and creates air circulation and increases the surface contact with the refrigerant gas). 65. Air pressure sensor, (whose magnitudes simplifies the calculation of the current cooling capacity with quantities for temperature and air circulation / wind speed - for controlling the gas tap 13 and the speed control 45, and the fan / compressor 59 when extra high air pressure or air circulation). 67. Symbols of obstacles, hot items at the surface and the like, and operations carried out and planned new measures, shown for example on digital map on the display 35.

Various modifications of the above described refrigeration machine are possible: The cooling unit is not limited to the above described usage and execution and here is a brief summary. To extend the cooling effect so can a long insulating cloth or foil be towed after the cooling machine 1, and can be further enhanced with a long tunnel tent standing on friction members in the form of pontoons, wheels or skids, and where the snowmaking may be performed in a machine that is high and long so that snowflakes have time merge. And can outwardly be compared to a high truck without floor, but with seal against the ground as described. The cooling unit can be made selfpropelled motorized, remote controlled via antenna or with driver, where it also can be equipped with blades and snow-cutter in front of the cooling unit to smooth the surface and dozer blade with track-doers after. The GPRS is then advantageously at the front of the cooling machine so that snow or ice can be supplied where the radar shown that it is too little snow or ice or warn of weak ice on lakes. And can also be used to reduce the risk of avalanches by compressing the snow layer with described sound transducers or by first melting snow-layers with laser or micro-waves. The cooling machine can be fitted with pontoons for the manufacture of ice on the open water to accelerate the freezing of the ice road or make ice blocks, for example, along a beach that is in immediate danger of being hit by oil spill, wherein the drive means then consists of a propeller. The pontoon version can also be used to control algae blooms or freezing of chemicals or oil spills for easier collection. The cooling machine can also be used to freeze and compress parking lots and runways for particular military aircraft during the summer or strengthen temporary fillings on bombed airfields. And it can be used to freeze the surface on lakes and swamps to enable vehicles to otherwise inaccessible places. The cooling unit can also temporarily stabilize the soil after heavy rainfall, for example, around railway embankments, road culverts or buildings whit risk of collapse. The cooling machine can also freeze chemicals and waste oil, for example, from a tanker accident or oil extraction on the ocean or from oil sands on land which risks contaminate water or release hazardous or flammable gases when it evaporates. The cooling machine can also be used to freeze or control plants, pests, snails, fungi, nematodes and the like, for example, in fields where cooling / noise also can compress and or work the soil. Another use is to harden the soil at harvest of crops and timber, as well as hardening the land for car parking or running competitions on wet and soft ground. Information can be provided to surroundings of the immediate vicinity of the cooling machine and can be given through speakers and one or more displays mounted on the cooler, which in addition can be used for advertising. Area that may not be entered when the cooling machine is in use can be illuminated with, for example, red laser light from the cooling machine, where for example the snow in the immediate vicinity is highlighted.

Claims (10)

1. 1. A cooling machine (1) for motorized propulsion and for cooling of solid material and/or freezing of liquid in a cooling machine (1) treatment area, wherein the cooling machine (1) comprises: at least one device for storing and supplying at least one refrigerant to the cooling machines (1)treatment area, at least one friction member (23) arranged to rest on or in a surface, at least oneinsulating and sealing enclosure surrounding the cooling machines (1) treatment area, and where saidsealing enclosure is arranged between the cooling machine (1) and the surface and is configured to havea sealing function between the refrigerant air in the cooling machine (1) treatment area and the ambientair outside the enclosure and where the enclosure is configured to capture refrigerated air in the coolingmachines (1) treatment area for a period of time, where the cooling machines (1) refrigerant comprisesdry ice, and/or gas-, or liquid refrigerant, for example nitrogen or carbon dioxide, characterized in thatthe cooling machine (1) comprises at least one temperature and/or air pressure sensor (37, 65) disposedin said treatment area and a controllable means, for example a gas tap (13), configured to regulate theflow of refrigerant based on the sensed values, so that the flow of refrigerant can be increased ordecreased until the desired temperature and/or air pressure is achieved in the cooling machine (1) treatment area.

2. The cooling machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the air pressure in the cooling machines (1)treatment area, is higher than normal air pressure outside the treatment area and, the at least one friction member (23) includes wheels, skids, ribbons, pontoons or organs functionally equivalent.

3. The cooling machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a fan (59), a refrigerantexpansion, electronic sound generator, speaker/vibrator (61) or a mechanical vibrator configured toprovide a motion in the form of air circulation and/or vibration in the refrigerated air in the coolingmachine (1) treatment area, and wherein the generation of said air circulation and/or vibration includes the use of infrasound and/or ultrasound.

4. The cooling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one insulating andsealing enclosure comprises an insulation member (3) and/or an insulating blade (5) arranged on the cooling machines (1) front and rear ends.

5. The cooling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the cooling machine (1) furtherincludes at least one scanning means for scanning the cooling machines treatment area, such as a ski trails, an ice road, a rock wall or similar, for determination of, for example, snow dip, rock characteristics, cracks, temperature or similar at different locations, and determining the various obstacles, especiallyrocks and irregularities, by determining the sought objects shape size and location, evaluation meansconnected to said scanning means for evaluating the determined quantities for determining theappropriate action with respect to those in a storage means stored requirements for the finishedtreatment area, storage means connected to the evaluation means for storing new data on the positionsand quantities for decisive action, on said determined locations, control means connected to the storagemeans for controlling the controllable means, to obtain specific degrees or magnitude on the said determined locations.

6. The cooling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein at least one means for providinginformation to the surroundings in the cooling machines (1) proximity is applied to the cooling machine(1), for example, means for flashing warning lights, means for warning signal, stored spoken warningplayback, via sound maker (33), information via display (35) or organ for light directed towards the surroundings, especially red laser light that illuminate the immediate vicinity of the cooling machine (1).

7. The cooling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a GPS antenna for wireless communication.

8. A method for cooling solid matter and/or freezing of liquid in a cooling machines (1) treatment area,wherein the cooling machine (1) comprises at least one means for storing and supplying at least onerefrigerant to the cooling machine (1) treatment area through at least one nozzle (9), and having at leastone friction member (23) that rests on or in a surface, wherein at least one of said friction member (23)is in the form of wheels, skids, ribbon, pontoons or organs with equivalent function, and that the coolingmachines (1) treatment area is a sealed unit during said cooling machines (1) motorized propulsion,where at least one sealed enclosure during a time period captures generated chill in the treatment area,and that the refrigerant air and/or the objects, surface or similar to be cooled in the sealed treatmentarea is given movements, particularly circulation and or vibration, where the movement can be createdwith, for example, the fan (59), the refrigerant expansion, friction, electronic speaker/vibrator (61) ormechanical vibrator and from at least one nozzle (9), where said nozzle (9) for distribution of refrigerantis designed to have, for example, directed, oscillating or rotating distribution, and where the generationof said air movement or vibration for example includes audio transmitter for the frequency range of theinfrasound and/or the frequency range for ultrasound, characterized in that the temperature and/or airpressure in the cooling machines (1) treatment area is determined with one or more measuring means, particularly temperature sensors (37) and/or air pressure sensor (65), and that the determined degrees or quantities are evaluated to determine supply of refrigerant particularly liquid gas, based on thedesired temperature and or air pressure in the cooling machines (1) treatment area, and then the supplyof refrigerant is controlled by regulation of the gas tap (13) until the desired temperature and or air pressure is achieved in the cooling machines (1) treatment area.

9. The method according to claim 8 characterized in that for scanning the surface, the ground areaand/or the surrounding area at least one remote sensing sensor is used for determining site areacharacteristics, in particular a ground radar (43), a camera, a thermal sensor (31), an IR-sensor or laserand that this is mounted on the cooling machine (1) so that scanning an area is made, when the sensor ispassing the said area in the movement forwards of the cooling machine (1), and particular regardingsearched magnitudes, for example, surface temperature, thickness, obstacles above or below thesurface, texture, different layers in the snow or rocks and the like, and that the collected magnitudes areused at a late stage for controlling at least one of the cooling machines (1) adjustable and or motorized means, for example, gas tap (13), speaker/vibrator (61), display (35) or organs to alert the surroundings.

10. The method according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that immediately prior to cooling theselected subject or the equivalent is heated, for example, an area, an object or the equivalent, forexample, snow, ice or rock, and heated with means for lasers, gas flame, micro-waves or similar heatsource, and that the desired structure, form, jointing or cracks are formed when the cooling machine (1)then cools the said area, object, or the equivalent in the cooling machine (1) treatment area on said previously heated place.