SE540646C2 - Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor - Google Patents
Method and system for treating spent pulping liquorInfo
- Publication number
- SE540646C2 SE540646C2 SE1651205A SE1651205A SE540646C2 SE 540646 C2 SE540646 C2 SE 540646C2 SE 1651205 A SE1651205 A SE 1651205A SE 1651205 A SE1651205 A SE 1651205A SE 540646 C2 SE540646 C2 SE 540646C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- liquor
- stream
- permeate
- lignin
- filter
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003265 pulping liquor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0007—Recovery of by-products, i.e. compounds other than those necessary for pulping, for multiple uses or not otherwise provided for
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
- D21C11/122—Treatment, e.g. dissolution, of the smelt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0042—Fractionating or concentration of spent liquors by special methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/04—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of alkali lye
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/10—Concentrating spent liquor by evaporation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/40—Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1651205A SE540646C2 (sv) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
EP17772316.0A EP3510195B1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
PCT/EP2017/072204 WO2018046482A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
CN201780054995.1A CN109689969A (zh) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | 用于处理制浆废液的方法和系统 |
CA3033451A CA3033451A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
BR112019004387A BR112019004387A2 (pt) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | sistema e método para tratar licor de polpação residual. |
US16/330,094 US20190249364A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
JP2019512678A JP2019533092A (ja) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | パルプ廃液を処理するための方法およびシステム |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1651205A SE540646C2 (sv) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE1651205A1 SE1651205A1 (sv) | 2018-03-09 |
SE540646C2 true SE540646C2 (sv) | 2018-10-09 |
Family
ID=59966697
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE1651205A SE540646C2 (sv) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190249364A1 (sv) |
EP (1) | EP3510195B1 (sv) |
JP (1) | JP2019533092A (sv) |
CN (1) | CN109689969A (sv) |
BR (1) | BR112019004387A2 (sv) |
CA (1) | CA3033451A1 (sv) |
SE (1) | SE540646C2 (sv) |
WO (1) | WO2018046482A1 (sv) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109134884A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 上海洁晟环保科技有限公司 | 一种提取造纸黑液中木质素的系统及方法 |
AU2021274310A1 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-12-22 | Suzano S.A. | Methods of treating a kraft process recovery cicle to reduce metal levels at the kraft process |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5771690A (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1982-05-04 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd | Treating method for waste liquid of kraft pulp |
SE9201477L (sv) * | 1992-05-11 | 1993-06-28 | Kamyr Ab | Saett vid blekning av massa utan anvaendning av klorkemikalier |
JP2986137B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-27 | 1999-12-06 | アールストロム マシナリイ オサケ ユキチュア | 緑液結晶化 |
SE505249C2 (sv) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-07-21 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Återvinning av blekerifiltrat genom att filtratet används i ett gaskylsystem i en förgasningsanläggning |
CN102656214B (zh) * | 2009-12-16 | 2015-09-16 | 多姆斯乔工厂股份公司 | 一定品质的木素磺酸盐以及制备一定品质的木素磺酸盐的方法 |
WO2013137790A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Metso Power Ab | Method for lignin separation from black liquor |
CA2913852A1 (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-04 | Kiram Ab | A method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of a lignin containing product |
WO2015121477A1 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-20 | Cleanflow Black Ab | A process for treating black liquor |
EP3116885A4 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2017-11-01 | Ren Fuel K2B AB | Process for treating black liquor |
FI127601B (sv) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-10-15 | Andritz Oy | Förfarande för hantering av dranklösning från en process för tillvaratagande av lignin |
BR112017000423B8 (pt) | 2014-07-09 | 2022-05-17 | Virdia Inc | Métodos para separação e refino de lignina de licor negro, e composições da mesma |
-
2016
- 2016-09-08 SE SE1651205A patent/SE540646C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2017
- 2017-09-05 CN CN201780054995.1A patent/CN109689969A/zh active Pending
- 2017-09-05 EP EP17772316.0A patent/EP3510195B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2017-09-05 CA CA3033451A patent/CA3033451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-05 WO PCT/EP2017/072204 patent/WO2018046482A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2017-09-05 US US16/330,094 patent/US20190249364A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-05 BR BR112019004387A patent/BR112019004387A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-09-05 JP JP2019512678A patent/JP2019533092A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109689969A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
WO2018046482A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
CA3033451A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
BR112019004387A2 (pt) | 2019-05-28 |
US20190249364A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
EP3510195A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
EP3510195B1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
SE1651205A1 (sv) | 2018-03-09 |
JP2019533092A (ja) | 2019-11-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4584057A (en) | Membrane processes for separation of organic acids from kraft black liquors | |
US20160130752A1 (en) | Method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of a lignin containing product | |
Weinwurm et al. | Lignin concentration and fractionation from ethanol organosolv liquors by ultra-and nanofiltration | |
US20140163245A1 (en) | Process for producing furfural from black liquor | |
CN109179845B (zh) | 一种硫酸盐法木浆黑液的资源化处置方法 | |
US8940129B2 (en) | Process for reducing one or more insoluble solids in a black liquor | |
JP2015504363A (ja) | リグニンを含有する水溶液を調製する方法 | |
US11407778B2 (en) | Method and an apparatus for recovering chemicals from an alkaline lignin material | |
WO2004013409A9 (en) | Apparatus and method for treating black liquor | |
DE102013217418A1 (de) | Hydrothermale Behandlung von Abwasserschlamm und Schwarzlauge | |
Kim et al. | Evaluation of the wastewater generated during alkaline pretreatment of biomass for feasibility of recycling and reusing | |
EP3510195B1 (en) | Method and system for treating spent pulping liquor | |
CA3063821A1 (en) | Catalytic conversion of lignin | |
CN109642394B (zh) | 从生物质制浆工艺水或废液中分离出半纤维素的方法 | |
US12123137B2 (en) | Method and a system for producing an oil rich fraction from biomass | |
Liu et al. | Application of inorganic membranes in the alkali recovery process | |
Wilke et al. | Integrated Forest Biorefinery: A Proposed Pulp Mill of 2040 | |
Battestini-Vives et al. | Lignin Fractionation and Concentration from Kraft Black Liquor | |
Muhonen | Enhancing chemical recovery in biomass processing: an approach using membrane technology | |
CN117683947A (zh) | 一种以纸厂黑液制备木糖的工艺 | |
WO2022234180A1 (en) | A method and a system for producing a product fraction from biomass | |
Bhayani | Studies of lignocellulosics processing: Microfiltration, flocculation and saccharification in biorefineries | |
AU2012259277A1 (en) | Process for producing furfural from black liquor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
NUG | Patent has lapsed |