SE538956C2 - Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard - Google Patents

Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard Download PDF

Info

Publication number
SE538956C2
SE538956C2 SE1550655A SE1550655A SE538956C2 SE 538956 C2 SE538956 C2 SE 538956C2 SE 1550655 A SE1550655 A SE 1550655A SE 1550655 A SE1550655 A SE 1550655A SE 538956 C2 SE538956 C2 SE 538956C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
pulp
paper
cured
product
pulp slurry
Prior art date
Application number
SE1550655A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
SE1550655A1 (sv
Inventor
Ankerfors Mikael
Lindström Tom
Glad-Nordmark Gunborg
Original Assignee
Innventia Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innventia Ab filed Critical Innventia Ab
Priority to SE1550655A priority Critical patent/SE538956C2/sv
Priority to CN201680029426.7A priority patent/CN107849823A/zh
Priority to EP16800384.6A priority patent/EP3298196A4/en
Priority to PCT/SE2016/050459 priority patent/WO2016190800A1/en
Priority to BR112017024590A priority patent/BR112017024590A2/pt
Priority to JP2017560760A priority patent/JP2018517074A/ja
Priority to CA2986111A priority patent/CA2986111A1/en
Priority to US15/574,978 priority patent/US20180141319A1/en
Publication of SE1550655A1 publication Critical patent/SE1550655A1/sv
Publication of SE538956C2 publication Critical patent/SE538956C2/sv
Priority to CL2017002958A priority patent/CL2017002958A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30Multi-ply
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38Packaging materials of special type or form
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/66Salts, e.g. alums
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/22Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10Packing paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/26All layers being made of paper or paperboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2262/067Wood fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2272/00Resin or rubber layer comprising scrap, waste or recycling material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/72Density
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2553/00Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • D21H11/20Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/65Acid compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/002Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
    • D21H27/004Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
    • D21H27/005Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness
    • D21H27/007Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness relating to absorbency, e.g. amount or rate of water absorption, optionally in combination with other parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/08Filter paper

Claims (5)

1. CLAll\/IS 1. Användning av en papper- eller kartongprodukt som ett mellanskikt i en kartong, varvid papper- eller kartongprodukten framställs med ett förfarande som innefattar stegen att: i) tillhandahålla en första vattenhaltig massauppslamning innefattandecellulosafibrer och med en massakonsistens om från 0,1 till 40viktprocent, beräknat som torrvikt för cellulosafibrerna i den förstamassauppslamningen; tillsätta till den första massauppslamningen ett aluminiummetallsaltinnefattande Ala-joner till en total molkoncentration aluminiumjonerom från 0,0001 M till 0,5 M i den första massauppslamningen; justera pH för den första massauppslamningen till ett pH om från pH 3,0till pH 6,0; avvattna och härda den första massauppslamningen vid en temperaturom åtminstone 60°C och således tillhandahålla en härdad massaprodukt; a. tillhandahålla den härdade massaprodukten till en papperstillverkningsprocess; b. återslurra den härdade massaprodukten för att tillhandahålla en andra vattenhaltig massauppslamning; c. avvattna den andra vattenhaltiga massauppslamningen för att tillhandahålla en massabana; d. torka massabanan för att tillhandahålla en torkad bana med papper eller kartong.
2. Användning enligt krav 1, varvid i steg iv) i förfarandet, den första massauppslamningen härdas medelst blåstorkning vid en temperatur om från 100°C till 300°C, föredraget från 150°C till 270°C och mest föredraget från 180°C till 240°C. 10. Användning enligt krav 2, varvid härdningstiden understiger 5 minuter, föredraget understiger en minut. Användning enligt krav 1, varvid i steg iv) i förfarandet, den förstamassauppslamningen härdas vid en temperatur om från 60 till 150°C medelst uppvärmd luft eller ånga. Användning enligt krav 4, varvid i steg iv) i förfarandet, den härdade massaprodukten tillhandahålls i form av en härdad bana. Användning enligt krav 5, varvid förfarandet vidare innefattar ett steg innefattande att skära den härdade massabanan till ark och stapla arken till massabalar. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven, varvid i steg iv) i förfarandet, denhärdade massaprodukten härdas tills ett fuktinnehåll erhålls som understiger 50%,föredraget understiger 30% och mest föredraget understiger 15%, baserat på den härdade massa produktens totalvikt. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven, varvid i steg ii) i förfarandet,metallsaltet innehållande Al3+-joner tillsätts till den första massauppslamningen tillen total molkoncentration aluminiumjoner om från 0,0001 till 0,05 M i den första massauppslamningen. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven, varvid massakonsistensen för denförsta vattenhaltiga massauppslamningen är om från 0,5 till 30%, föredraget från 1 till 20%, beräknat som torrvikt cellullosafibrer i den första massauppslamningen. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven, varvid den första vattenhaltigamassauppslamningen innefattar en massa utvald bland kraftmassa, soda, sulfit,mekanisk, termomekanisk, semi-kemisk eller kemisk-termomekanisk massa, återvunnen massa och blandningar därav. 11. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven, varvid förfarandet vidareinnefattar att tillsätta ett torrhållfasthetsmedel eller ett våtstyrkeharts till den andra massauppslamningen. 12. Användning enligt något av de föregående kraven varvid pappers- eller kartongprodukten har en strukturell densitet om från 150 till 600 kg/ms enligt SCAN-P-88:01.
SE1550655A 2015-05-22 2015-05-22 Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard SE538956C2 (sv)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1550655A SE538956C2 (sv) 2015-05-22 2015-05-22 Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard
CN201680029426.7A CN107849823A (zh) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 用于生产多层纸板的方法及得到的多层纸板
EP16800384.6A EP3298196A4 (en) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 Process for the production of multi-layer paperboard and multi-layer paperboard obtained
PCT/SE2016/050459 WO2016190800A1 (en) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 Process for the production of multi-layer paperboard and multi-layer paperboard obtained
BR112017024590A BR112017024590A2 (pt) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 processo para a produção de papelão de múltiplas camadas e papelão de múltiplas camadas obtido
JP2017560760A JP2018517074A (ja) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 多層板紙の製造方法および得られた多層板紙
CA2986111A CA2986111A1 (en) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 Process for the production of multi-layer paperboard and multi-layer paperboard obtained
US15/574,978 US20180141319A1 (en) 2015-05-22 2016-05-19 Process for the production of multi-layer paperboard and multi-layer paperboard obtained
CL2017002958A CL2017002958A1 (es) 2015-05-22 2017-11-21 Proceso para la producción de carton multicapas y obtención de carton multicapas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1550655A SE538956C2 (sv) 2015-05-22 2015-05-22 Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE1550655A1 SE1550655A1 (sv) 2016-11-23
SE538956C2 true SE538956C2 (sv) 2017-03-07

Family

ID=57392990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE1550655A SE538956C2 (sv) 2015-05-22 2015-05-22 Use of a paper or paperboard product as a middle layer in a paperboard

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20180141319A1 (sv)
EP (1) EP3298196A4 (sv)
JP (1) JP2018517074A (sv)
CN (1) CN107849823A (sv)
BR (1) BR112017024590A2 (sv)
CA (1) CA2986111A1 (sv)
CL (1) CL2017002958A1 (sv)
SE (1) SE538956C2 (sv)
WO (1) WO2016190800A1 (sv)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT3121332T (pt) 2015-07-20 2018-05-15 Mayr Melnhof Karton Ag Material de cartão multicamada e procedimento para fabricação de um material de cartão multicamada
SE539786C2 (sv) * 2016-06-22 2017-11-28 Stora Enso Oyj Microfibrillated cellulose film
JP6967977B2 (ja) * 2018-01-19 2021-11-17 アイカ工業株式会社 不燃化粧パネル
SE543403C2 (sv) * 2019-05-02 2021-01-05 Stora Enso Oyj Method for manufacturing laminated veneer lumer product

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54138060A (en) * 1978-04-19 1979-10-26 Nippon Koudoshi Kogyo Kk Manufacturing of flame retardant low-density cellulosic fiber board
SE8903180D0 (sv) * 1989-09-27 1989-09-27 Sca Development Ab Saett att behandla fibrer av cellulosahaltigt material
SE508898C2 (sv) * 1996-04-15 1998-11-16 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Sätt att bereda en cellulosamassa, cellulosamassa för användning i absorptionsprodukter samt sådan absorptionsprodukt
US6379497B1 (en) * 1996-09-20 2002-04-30 Fort James Corporation Bulk enhanced paperboard and shaped products made therefrom
EP1117869B1 (en) * 1998-09-03 2012-04-18 Stora Enso Aktiebolag Paper or paperboard laminate and method to produce such a laminate
ES2347993T3 (es) * 2002-09-13 2010-11-26 International Paper Company Papel con rigidez y cuerpo mejorados y método para fabricarlo campo de aplicación de la invención.
JP2005163253A (ja) * 2003-11-14 2005-06-23 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 嵩高中質印刷用紙
WO2006004464A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-12 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Absorbent layer structure
CA2549450A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2006-12-30 Weyerhaeuser Company Hot cup made from an insulating paperboard
US20070137815A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-21 Shearer Dwayne M Smooth low density paperboard
EP1936032A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-25 Akzo Nobel N.V. Method of producing a paper product
RU2011101414A (ru) * 2008-06-17 2012-07-27 Акцо Нобель Н.В. (NL) Целлюлозный продукт
JP5477689B2 (ja) * 2009-04-28 2014-04-23 丸住製紙株式会社 クラフト紙
CN102472003B (zh) * 2009-08-05 2014-10-29 国际纸业公司 用于施加包含阳离子三价金属和解胶剂的组合物的方法以及由该方法制造的绒毛浆片材
ES2952420T3 (es) * 2010-07-20 2023-10-31 Int Paper Co Composición que contiene un metal catiónico multivalente y un agente antiestático que contiene amina y métodos de fabricación y uso
ES2617131T3 (es) * 2013-02-01 2017-06-15 Soremartec S.A. Un cartón de múltiples capas que comprende residuos agroindustriales
WO2015036932A1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Stora Enso Oyj Multiply paperboard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2017002958A1 (es) 2018-05-11
SE1550655A1 (sv) 2016-11-23
EP3298196A4 (en) 2018-12-19
EP3298196A1 (en) 2018-03-28
JP2018517074A (ja) 2018-06-28
CA2986111A1 (en) 2016-12-01
BR112017024590A2 (pt) 2018-07-31
CN107849823A (zh) 2018-03-27
US20180141319A1 (en) 2018-05-24
WO2016190800A1 (en) 2016-12-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110832013B (zh) 制造具有低透氧率值的膜的方法
US20180155875A1 (en) Process for the production of paper or paperboard, paper or paperboard product obtained and uses thereof
US7648772B2 (en) Moisture resistant container
FI126699B (sv) Förfarande för framställning av kartong
CN108026702A (zh) 柔性的微原纤化的膜的形成
RU2008102737A (ru) Крепированный с использованием материала лист для выдачных устройств
EP2473674A1 (en) Cellulosic product forming process and wet formed cellulosic product
CN101180432A (zh) 改性的牛皮纤维
US20180141319A1 (en) Process for the production of multi-layer paperboard and multi-layer paperboard obtained
EP3059344B1 (en) A method for manufacturing paper comprising bleached chemithermo-mechanical pulp suitable for a release liner and products and uses thereof
CN109137618A (zh) 高松厚度的生活用纸及其制备方法
Jansson The influence of pH on fiber and paper properties: Different pH levels during beating and sheet forming
US9988765B2 (en) Process for producing at least one ply of a paper or paperboard product and a paper or paperboard product
US20220018065A1 (en) Method of producing holocellulose and paper strength agent, process for the production of paper, the paper produced and use of the produced paper
WO2024086093A1 (en) Linerboard, corrugated board comprising linerboard, and methods for manufacturing thereof
AU2022276553A1 (en) Method for manufacturing fluting and/or liner for corrugated board
CA2277569A1 (en) Adhesive for a multi-ply sheet and a method for manufacturing the multi-ply sheet using the same
CN112626908A (zh) 一种环保耐侯功能性家居板材敷面原纸的制造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NUG Patent has lapsed