SE534764C2 - Chemical heat pump - Google Patents

Description

A solution to the problem of the falling-medlm process as above is disclosed in Swedish patent 515688, according to which a net is used to retain the active substance in its solid phase, so that lumps of solid active substance in the pumps can thereby be avoided. . Since the formation of solid active substance can thus be allowed, it is possible to store more energy.

A development of the chemical heat pump according to the Swedish patent 515688 is shown in Swedish patent 530959. This latter patent describes a chemical heat pump, which uses the same basic process but in which the network is replaced by a storage form of a matrix. The matrix retains the active substance in both its fl surface and solid phase and is spread like a wet mat over the heat-conducting material. The matrix is inert and perneable to the fl-surface phase. An advantage of such a chemical heat pump is that a large amount of active substance in the solid or surface state can be kept bound in the matrix, so that the chemical heat pump can contain a large energy store. The matrix has the property that it absorbs the liquid or the fl-phasing phase of the active substance. The die design does not require the electrically driven pumps previously used in the falling-film process.

A disadvantage of the chemical heat pump comprising a matrix may in some cases be that the matrix abuts the heat-conducting material, so that the heat-conducting material is covered by and obscured by the matrix. Evaporation of the volatile liquid or condensation of the vapor phase of the volatile liquid thereby takes longer than if the surface were “visible”, ie directly exposed to the volatile liquid or to the vapor phase of the volatile liquid. The transport of steam to and from the heat-conducting material and between the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part is thereby made more difficult. The matrix also creates a pressure drop when steam is to pass through the matrix.

With reference to the above, it is a desire to be able to combine the advantage of an exposed surface of the thermally conductive material as in the falling film process with the advantage of a matrix for storing active substance in solid and surface phase according to the mentioned Swedish patent 530959.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide an efficient chemical heat pump.

In a chemical heat pump operating according to the hybrid principle, in either of or in both the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part collection areas, here referred to as layers, can be found, which act as suction on the active substance in its dissolved, liquid state and on the liquid liquid in its liquid state, so that the layer can absorb more or less of the active substance in its dissolved, liquid state and more or less of the volatile liquid in its liquid state. The suction effect can be obtained in a suitable manner, such as with the aid of capillary suction and / or wetting forces. These bearings are arranged as delimited bodies with only 534 764 3 such a limited abutment against the inner wall surface in the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part, respectively, that there are free areas of the inner wall surface between the abutment surfaces.

These free areas also have a capillary suction and / or wetting ability, which is suitably adapted to the absorber such as capillary suction and wetting ability of the bearings and thus constitute surface areas which can have heat exchange with an external medium across only the wall which can be relatively thin and on the surface of which the free areas are located. Such an almost direct heat exchange is efficient and takes place relatively quickly.

The bearings can for instance be made as bodies of matrix material invented according to the above-mentioned Swedish patent 530959. In another case the bearings may comprise other mandatory bodies with capillary suction and / or wetting inner surfaces, for example two sheets of ceramic material, such as glass sheets, opposite wall surfaces are capillary suction and / or wetting of the active substance in its fl liquid state resp. for the volatile liquid and between which the respective liquid can be sucked in.

With such a chemical heat pump comprising an exposed surface of a heat-conducting wall combined with a layer for, for example, storage of active substance in its fl surface phase, it is possible to achieve the same effect per unit area as in the falling-mlm process without using mechanical, o fi a electrically driven, pumps. When using matrix material in the bearing bodies, it is possible to maintain the large storage barrel of the matrix.

Furthermore, with the chemical heat pump, higher power per unit area can be achieved. This could be used, for example, so that a smaller amount of material can be used in the manufacture of the chemical heat pump and so that its size could thereby be reduced. This could lead to reduced manufacturing costs for the heat pump. A chemical heat pump, in which a higher power can be achieved per unit area, could also lead to new application possibilities. For example, such a heat pump kurma would be used for fast processes, in which charging and discharging are intended to take place for minutes instead of hours as with known chemical heat pumps. To achieve this, it is important that the surface of the thermally conductive material is as well exposed as possible and is not covered by a matrix.

The chemical heat pump thus has free exposed active surface areas of thermally conductive walls and a layer for liquid phase, whereby both the active surface and the layer have the ability to attract the respective liquid phase as capillary suction and / or wetting ability. The disadvantage of an obscuring matrix can thereby be eliminated while the advantage of a large layer can be retained.

The chemical heat pump described has thus thus been generally of the active substance and moist liquid type, the liquid being able to be absorbed by the substance at a first temperature and desorbed by the substance at a second higher temperature. The active substance has a solid state at the first temperature, from which, on the uptake of the liquid and its vapor phase, it immediately immediately turns into a liquid state or solution phase and at the second temperature has a fl liquid state or is present in solution phase, from which, on release of the volatile liquid, in particular its vapor phase, it immediately partially changes to a solid state. The chemical heat pump generally comprises the following parts: - a reactor part, which contains the active substance and which is designed to be heated and cooled by an external medium by means of heat conduction through one or fl of delimiting, heat-conducting walls, - a condenser / evaporator part, which contains the part of the volatile liquid which is present in condensed form and which is designed to be heated and cooled by an external medium by means of heat conduction through one or more delimiting, thermally conductive walls, and - a passage for the vapor phase of the volatile liquid, which connects the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part to each other.

The reactor part can then, as above, contain a layer for the active substance, which in one embodiment may comprise a matrix in the form of a porous material, so that the active substance can at least in its tillstånd state or in its solution phase be retained in and / or bound to the matrix.

Alternatively or in combination therewith, the condenser / evaporator part may contain a layer for the volatile liquid, which may comprise a matrix in the form of a porous material permeable to the vapor phase of the volatile liquid, so that the volatile liquid can be retained in its liquid state. in and / or bound to the matrix.

The matrix can be arranged in either part or in both parts in the form of bodies, which can be designed as discs or plates and have limited abutment surfaces against the inner surface of one or more of the heat-conducting walls. Free areas of the surfaces of the heat-conducting walls are then found between the contact surfaces. These free areas of the surfaces of the thermally conductive walls have capillary suction and / or wetting properties for the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively, which are adapted to the capillary suction capacity of the matrix with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, in particular so that the free areas of the surfaces of the thermally conductive walls have capillary suction or wetting properties for the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively. is greater than the capillary suction capacity of the matrix with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, ie so that the active substance in its soluble phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase is more easily absorbed and / or distributed and spread over the free areas of the surfaces of the thermally conductive walls than into the matrix.

The limited abutment surfaces can generally have a minimal or relatively small extent, so that they form a relatively small part of the surface of the respective heat-conducting wall. They can, for example, for a heat-conducting wall together constitute a maximum of 10% or even a maximum of 5% of the surface of the heat-conducting wall.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be understood and obtained by means of the methods, processes, means and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS While the novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, a complete understanding of the invention, both in terms of organization and content, and of the foregoing and other features thereof may be obtained and the invention may be more readily understood by reference. detailed description of non-limiting embodiments presented below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - fi g. la is a schematic view of a previously known chemical heat pump, which works according to the hybrid principle and with matrix, - fi g. lb is a schematic image similar to fi g. 1a, in which the matrix is arranged in a reinforced manner in relation to the inner surfaces of the reactor and condenser / evaporator part of the chemical heat pump, - fi g. 2 illustrates how liquid phase of active substance in reactor or volatile liquid in condenser / evaporator in a chemical heat pump is transported from a storage over an active surface or how liquid phase active substance or fl volatile liquid is transported from an active surface to a storage, and - fi g. 3 is a partial sectional view of a heat exchanger with parallel channels, some channels of which serve as a reactor or condenser / evaporator in a chemical heat pump and other channels for circulation of an external heat-carrying medium.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the i fi g. There are two containers schematically shown in the chemical heat pump. A first container is a reactor part 1, which contains an active substance, which can exothermically absorb and endotennically desorb the vapor or gas phase of a volatile liquid. The reactor part 1 is connected via a pipe or a duct 2 to a second container, which constitutes a condenser / evaporator part 3. The second container 3 functions as a condenser for condensing steam of the volatile liquid to its liquid form and as an evaporator of the liquid liquid. in its liquid form to steam. The active substance in the reactor part 1 is in some way in heat-exchanging contact with an external heat-carrying medium 4, which is symbolically indicated by the arrows 5, for supplying or transporting away heat.

The liquid in the condenser / evaporator part 3 is likewise in heat-exchanging contact with a second external heat-carrying medium 6, which is symbolically indicated by the arrows 7, for supply or removal 534? B avl of heat.

According to the hybrid principle, the active substance alternates between solid and dissolved state. In order for the chemical heat pump to be able to function according to the hybrid principle, the active substance must always remain in the reactor part 1. One way to achieve this is to limit the mobility of the substance in its solid form by means of a net. Another way is to use a matrix 8, which can also act as an energy store. Such a matrix retains the active substance in both its surface and solid phase and is inert to the active substance used and the liquid in their various phases. Furthermore, the matrix is perneable to the volatile liquid in its gas state and may be arranged inside the reactor part 1 in the form of layer 8 on an inner surface of one or more walls 9.

The outer surface of the walls 9 is in contact with the first outer heat-carrying medium 4. On the inner surfaces of walls 11 in the condenser / evaporator part 3, similar layers of matrix 10 can be formed, which when only used to hold and bind the volatile liquid in its liquid state.

In such a chemical heat pump, a relatively large amount of active substance can be kept bound in the matrix 8. The chemical heat pump can then contain a large energy store. The matrix is of a material which has the property that it wets on its surface and thus can bind both the volatile liquid in its liquid phase and the surface phase of the active substance.

The matrix 8, 10 abuts directly against the heat-conducting material in the walls 9, 11. The inner surface of the walls is thus not directly exposed to the vapor of the volatile liquid and the steam is therefore not in direct heat-conducting exchange with the wall material and can thus, for example, not be cooled completely efficiently or not at full speed. In the same way, the active substance in its dissolved form or liquid phase is not in direct heat-conducting exchange with the wall material, which gives a not entirely efficient or at least not completely rapid heat transfer, for example for evaporation of the liquid in the active substance in its dissolved form. . The same applies to the condenser / evaporator part. The not entirely fast heat transfer can be said to correspond, among other things, to the matrix causing a pressure drop when steam is to pass through the matrix.

In order for the steam to be able to come into direct contact with the inner surfaces of the conductive walls 9, 11 large parts of these inner surfaces can be left läm ia from the matrix while the matrix is arranged as a collection area or layers formed as one or fl your bodies 12, 13 , which have only a relatively limited contact area with the inner surfaces of the walls, see fi g. lb. It may be desirable for the vapor phase of the volatile liquid to pass into these bodies and these may then be formed as layers of relatively small thickness. Such layers of matrix can, for example, as indicated in the fi guren, be designed as parallel relatively thin plates with one or fl your holes as a centrally located hole to allow passage of the steam between the different parts of each container 1, 3.

Liquid which has been condensed or formed on the surface of the free areas 14, 15 of the heat-conducting walls 9, 11, must be able to be bound in the respective layers, i.e. in the bodies 12, 13. This can be achieved by the material in the bodies of the matrix have an absorbent as capillary suction effect for the liquid phase of the active substance and for the volatile liquid, which is suitably adapted to or adapted in relation to the adhesion or wetting, which the liquid phase of the active substance and the fl the liquid has to the surface of the free areas 14, 15 of the inner side of the walls, or vice versa in that the adhesion or wetting which the liquid phase of the active substance and the fl liquid has to the surface of the free areas of the inside of the walls is on suitably adapted to or adapted to the absorbent effect which the material in the bodies has for the liquid phase of the active substance and for the volatile liquid, respectively. can.

Thus, when there is plenty of liquid phase of the active substance or of condensed liquid in the fi- ia regions 14, 15, the liquid is sucked into the respective layers, i.e. the matrix in the bodies 12, 13, and binds there temporarily. When, in the opposite case, in the layers, ie in the bodies 12, 13, there is relatively ample, ie a relatively large amount or proportion, of the liquid phase of the active substance or of the moist liquid, the liquid phase of the active substance spreads. respectively the volatile liquid as a layer on the surface or in the surface layer of the free areas 14, 15, where it can be easily and quickly evaporated by the almost direct heat exchange, which is effected by heat conduction in the material in the walls 9, ll.

The said adhesion or wetting which the liquid phase of the active substance or the volatile liquid has to the surface or surface layer of the free areas 14, 15 of the inner side of the outer heat-conducting walls 9, 11 and which causes the liquid phase of the active substance respectively of the volatile liquid can be spread over these areas, can be achieved, if necessary, by treating these surfaces to obtain the desired active properties. This can be achieved, for example, by coating the surface of the conductive wall material in the walls 9, 11, through which conduction of heat for heat exchange with an external medium takes place, with a suitable capillary-sucking material or with a material with suitable wetting or possibly by the surface of the heat-conducting wall material for heat exchange is treated, such as mechanically, electrically or chemically.

In the case where the surface of the outer areas is coated with a capillary-absorbing material, the said adhesion or wetting which the liquid phase of the active substance or the moist liquid has to the surface of the free areas 14, 15 of the outer heat conducting walls 9, 11 inside, is said to be equivalent in that the surface has a capillary-sucking ability for the liquid phase of the active substance and the volatile liquid, respectively. Such layers with capillary suction material can have a thickness of the order of 10 μm - 1 mm.

If the wetting or adhesive capacity or the capillary suction capacity of or in the active surface is appropriately matched, it can greatly contribute to the liquid phase being able to spread efficiently over the surface of the areas 14, 15 of the heat-conducting wall material in the outer walls 9, ll for heat exchange during charging and discharging, respectively, and the chemical heat pump can then be operated with high power.

The active surface may comprise, for example, the capillary suction material A120; The capillary-absorbing material can be bound together with, for example, SiO 2, but there are also other alternatives to how the capillary-absorbent material can be adhered to the heat-conducting wall material. The active surface should be inert, ie the surface should not participate chemically in the chemical heat pump process. According to the above, the properties of the active surface are adapted so that the active surface obtains the ability to give the desired capillary or wetting forces on the liquid phase of the active substance and of the volatile liquid used in the chemical heat pump.

The bearings, i.e. the bodies 12, 13, must generally have such properties that they can absorb and bind a certain amount of liquid phase of active substance or fl liquid liquid. It is then not absolutely necessary that they are permeable to the vapor of the volatile liquid. The bearings can therefore be designed as surfaces with suitably adapted wetting properties and / or be designed with capillaries, ie capillary-sucking channels. Thus, for example, the material in a matrix, if used, may comprise pores or capillaries of such a small diameter that they act as a capillary suction on the respective liquid.

In a chemical heat pump as above, no pump is used to spread the fl surface phase of the active substance or the liquid over the surface of the heat-conducting wall material during charging and discharging. The surface phase of the active substance and the liquid, respectively, is instead spread over the surface of the heat-conducting wall material through the capillary forces in the active surface. Thus, the chemical heat pump can be designed with fewer parts and without mechanical, often electrically driven, pumps, which pumps can otherwise reduce the total energy recovery. In the chemical heat pump described here, instead of electrical energy, only the abundant heat energy is used to effect the "pump work", which here is of the capillary and / or wetting type. 1 fi g. 2 shows in a very principled way how the fl liquid phase of active substance in the reactor part 1 or fl volatile liquid in the condenser / evaporator part 3 is pumped from a layer 16 as a matrix in addition to an active surface 17 or, alternatively, how the fl liquid phase of active substance substance in the reactor part 1 or liquid liquid in the condenser / evaporator part 3 is pumped from the active surface 17 to the bearing 16.

In contrast to the matrix described in the above-mentioned Swedish patent 530959, the matrix 12, 13 in the chemical heat pump described here is arranged in such a way that it only minimally affects evaporation and condensation, ie the matrix is arranged so that it abuts only a minimal part of the surface of the heat-conducting wall material, through which the heat exchange takes place, see fi g. lb and 2, or even in some cases, so that the energy storage does not abut this surface at all. In contrast to the construction according to the said Swedish patent 530959, substantially the entire surface of the heat-conducting material in the walls 9, 11 is thus directly accessible for evaporation / condensation, this being achieved without any pressure drop for the steam moving between the different parts of the chemical heat pump. Since substantially the entire inner surface of the thermally conductive walls can be kept free of matrix, optimal steam transport and thus high power can be obtained. The amount of steam that can be transported to and from the heat-conducting wall material in the walls 9, 10, respectively, is greater than in the known construction. The liquid phase layer 12, 13 is applied in such a way that the liquid is pumped out of the layer either by suitable forces, such as capillary and / or wetting forces, or in the second process phase of the chemical heat pump by suitable, such as capillary and / or wetting, forces. pumped back to the warehouse. The bearing is designed so that it is able, with the aid of suitable forces, to retain the active substance in its fl liquid state in the reactor part 1 and in the condenser / evaporator part 3 to retain the fl volatile liquid. However, the forces acting in the bearing 12, 13 on the surface phase or liquid are adjusted so that these forces are not as strong as the forces of or in the active surface in the free areas 14, 15, which act on the same surface phase or liquid. The surface phase or the liquid liquid can thus be discharged from the bearing 12, 13 onto the active surface in the free areas of the inside of the outer walls 9, 11. Thus, for example, when charging the chemical heat pump, the fl-surface phase in the reactor part 1 is discharged onto the active surface as described below.

An empirical formula for calculating the capillary force in the active surface, if demra is formed as a layer of particles, can be: cos * 901- - i) W = carbon das ds 0.8 where WN is capillary mean pump velocity in the active surface the surface of the penetration distance L, i.e. the distance that the liquid phase travels in the capillary system.

K is a constant, a is the surface tension of the liquid, 9 is the wetting angle of the liquid towards the active surface, p is the density of the liquid, g is the gravitational acceleration,, u is the viscosity of the liquid, 534 'FE-11 10 L is the penetration distance you are the particle diameter in the the capillary suction layer of the active surface, and d, is the particle diameter of the energy store.

This formula is based on tests with an active surface and a layer 12, 13 consisting of grains with different grain sizes. The formula is valid for penetration distances L ß 5 - 40 mm. As can be deduced from the formula, the pump velocity in the active surface acquires a meaningful value only when the condition llda,> l / d, is met. The experimental measurements have shown that the optimal ratio between da, and d, is about 1: 3.

When the chemical heat pump is charged, the reactor part 1 can be heated to a suitable temperature by means of a heat source, for example the sun, which heats the first outer medium 4 or directly the outer surface of the heat-conducting walls 9. When charging, it is otherwise generally arranged on a suitable so that the reactor part 1 has a higher temperature than the condenser / evaporator part due to external influences. The active substance is present at the beginning of the charge in its surface phase and is bound in its liquid phase in the bearing 12 in the reactor part.

Since the material in the bearing 12 and the active surface 14 are designed so that the capillary forces in the bearing are not as strong as the capillary or wetting forces in the active surface of the heat-conducting material, the fl-surface phase can be subsequently pumped out capillary and spread over the active surface, i.e. the inner free surface of the thermally conductive wall material. Due to the properties of the active surface of the heat-conducting material, the active substance in its solution phase is pumped out to and distributed over the surface of the heat-conducting wall material. Finally, the capillary system is saturated in the active surface of the active phase fl surface phase, whereby additional pumped liquid in the active phase fl surface phase can evaporate from the active surface and pass to the condenser / evaporator part 3. This forms more or less solid, active substance on and in the active surface. As the liquid evaporates from the active substance, a new surface solution phase can be capillary pumped out of the bearing to the active surface and out over the heat-conducting wall material. A continuous supply of the surface phase to the surface of the heat-conducting wall material takes place thereby.

In the condenser / evaporator part 3, the evaporated liquid is simultaneously condensed, when it comes into contact with the surface of the free areas 15 of the thermally conductive wall material of the walls 11, which is here cooled by the second outer medium 6. The liquid is pumped capillary into the matrix 13 and more steam can thus be constantly condensed and the process can continue. The condensed liquid can be pumped up into the matrix even though the capillary collars in the matrix are not as strong as the capillary or wetting collars in the active surface because the capillary system in the active surface eventually becomes saturated and can no longer pour liquid. in which liquid is applied to the active surface and can be pumped up by the capillary system of the matrix.

At the beginning of the discharge of the chemical heat pump described here, the active substance is present in its solid phase mainly on the active surface 14 in the reactor part 1 and the liquid is accumulated in the matrix 13 in the condenser / evaporator part 3. The external heating and / or the external cooling of the reactor part or condenser / evaporator part ceases and can, if necessary or is appropriate with regard to the application case, be replaced with external cooling and / or with external heating in each case. Liquid is pumped capillary out of the matrix 13 in the condenser / evaporator part and out over the free areas 15 of the surface of the heat-conducting material by these areas having a surface which is active as described above. The liquid on the active surface evaporates and passes to the reactor part 1. This process takes place continuously, since new liquid can be pumped out on the surface of the heat-conducting material as the previous liquid evaporates. When the vapor phase of the liquid reaches the reactor part 1, it condenses when it comes into contact with the inner surface of the thermally conductive walls 9. The active substance on the inner surface 14 absorbs the liquid and passes to its sin surface phase, the liquid phase capillary distributed over the surface of the free areas of the inner side of the thermally conductive walls and finally also capillary pumped up in the bearing 12, as soon as there is such an excess of the liquid phase that the capillary lcra fi ernai can also act. More steam originating from the condenser / evaporator part 3 can be continuously condensed and absorbed by the active substance.

In a special embodiment, the reactor part and / or the condenser / evaporator part can be arranged in a conventional plate heat exchanger, for example of the cross-flow type, see fi g. In such a plate heat exchanger there are specially corrugated heat-conducting walls 21, which are arranged next to each other with different surfaces in close contact with each other. Between the friend-conducting walls 21 there are first parallel channels 22, in which the outer medium 4, 6 can be present and dare to be surface. Between the heat-conducting walls 21 there are also other parallel ducts 23. These second ducts 23, which as shown can go substantially perpendicular to the first ducts, constitute spaces for reactor or condenser / evaporator in a chemical heat pump. In each such second channel 23, which forms a space for the reactor or the condenser / evaporator in a chemical heat pump as above, a strip or disc 24 of matrix material can be arranged. The strip or disc is positioned so that it extends laterally between opposite wall surfaces in the channel, for example centrally in this.

The other channels 23 in a heat exchanger unit of the one in fi g. 3 can be suitably connected to the other channels in a similar heat exchanger unit, so that the other channels in the first heat exchanger unit form spaces for the reactor part in a chemical heat pump and the other channels in the second heat exchanger unit form spaces for condenser / evaporator parts.

The first channels 22 can, for example, be more or less designed as ordinary pipelines, while the second channels 23, as shown, can have a lenticular cross-section. If the walls 21 are placed substantially horizontally, then the cross section of the other channels has a downwardly curved bottom and an upwardly curved upper part. The strip or sheet 24 of matrix material may then, as shown, extend laterally between the curved bottom surface and the curved inner roof surface of the channel.

In this case, the heat-conducting walls of both the reactor part 1 and the condenser / evaporator part can have a curved shape. Such a curved shape at the lower part of the other channels 23 can assist in the transport of liquid phase over the surface of the walls 21, so that when excess liquid is present it accumulates at the bottom of the channels to be sucked up into the matrix layer 24, as indicated at 25.

Areas of application for a chemical heat pump comprising an active surface and a layer as described above include all processes in which friend energy is available continuously.

In particular, the chemical heat pump can in such cases, when energy does not need to be able to be stored for a long time, but where large power needs to be able to be taken care of or delivered. An example of such an area of use is the streamlining of an ordinary oil-, wood- or gas-fired heating plant.

The heat shield can continuously supply heat energy to the chemical heat pump and it is only desirable to be able to store energy for about 20-30 minutes. If the chemical heat pump described here is used together with an existing such boiler, twice as much energy can be generated from the heating element, of which about 3/4 is heat energy and about 1A is cooling energy.

Another example is air conditioning of vehicles, where continuous excess heat from the vehicle's internal combustion engine can be converted into cooling energy. This could, for example, reduce fuel consumption by between 5% and up to about 25% for buses. Further examples are when electricity is generated from an internal combustion engine, since the excess heat that is cooled off accounts for about 70% of the total fuel consumption, as for all internal combustion engines. By using the chemical heat pump described here comprising active surface and layers, more than the heel of this energy can be converted into cooling or heat.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that a variety of other embodiments may be envisaged and that further advantages, modifications, and modifications may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and spirit of the invention. Therefore, in its wider aspects, the invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices and examples shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general concept of invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. It is to be understood, therefore, that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

10 15 20 25 30 534 754 13 PATENT REQUIREMENTS A chemical heat pump comprising an active substance and a volatile liquid, which can be absorbed by the substance at a first temperature and desorbed by the substance at a second higher temperature, the active substance at the first temperature having a solid state, from which the active substance upon absorption of the volatile liquid and its vapor phase immediately passes partially into the tillstånd liquid state or solution phase and at the second temperature has a fl liquid state or is in the solution phase from which the active substance upon release of the volatile liquid, in particular its vapor phase, immediately partially solid state, the nuclear heat pump comprising: - a reactor part (1) containing the active substance and designed to be heated and cooled by an external medium (4) by means of heat conduction through delimiting, heat-conducting walls (9.1 1) , a condenser / evaporator part (3) containing the part of the volatile liquid present in condensers ad form, and designed to be heated and cooled by an external medium (6) by means of heat conduction through delimiting, heat-conducting walls (9,1 1), and -a passage (2) for the vapor phase of the fl liquid, which connects the reactor part (1 ) and the condenser / evaporator part (3) with each other, the reactor part (1) containing a layer (12, 16) for the active substance, so that the active substance can be retained in and / or at least in its fl liquid state or its solution phase bonded to or in the bearing (12, 16), and / or the condenser / evaporator part (3) contains a bearing (13, 16) for the fl volatile liquid, so that the fl volatile liquid in its fl liquid state can be retained in and / or bonded to or in the layer (13, 16), characterized in that the layer (12, 13, 16) is arranged in the form of bodies, in particular as plates or plates, with limited abutment surfaces against the surface of one or more of the thermally conductive walls ( 9.1 1), so that free areas (14, 15) of the surfaces of the thermally conductive walls (9.1 1) are s between the abutment surfaces and the layer (12, 13, 16) has an absorbent capacity with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively, and that the free areas (14, 15) of the surfaces of the thermally conductive the walls (9,1 1) have capillary suction or wetting properties for the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively, which are adapted to the absorbency of the layer (12, 13, 16) with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively. 10 15 20 25 534? 84 H Chemical heat pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (12, 13, 16) comprises a matrix in the form of a porous material which is permeable to the vapor phase of the volatile liquid. Chemical heat pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (12, 13, 16) comprises a material which has adapted capillary suction properties for the active substance in its solution phase and for the liquid in its liquid phase, respectively. Chemical heat pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (12, 13, 16) comprises surfaces which have adapted wetting properties with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, respectively. Chemical heat pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the free areas (14, 15) of the surfaces of the heat-conducting walls (9,1 1) have capillary-absorbing or wetting properties for the active substance in its solution phase and for the volatile liquid in its liquid phase, which are adapted to the absorbency of the layer (12, 13, 16) with respect to the active substance in its solution phase and the liquid liquid in its liquid phase, so that the active substance in its solution phase and the liquid in its liquid phase more easily is sucked in and / or distributed and spread over the free areas (14, 15) of the surfaces of the thermally conductive walls (9,1 1) than it is sucked up by the layer (12, 13, 16). Chemical heat pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the limited abutment surfaces have a minimal or relatively small extent, ie constitute a relatively small part of the surface of the respective heat-conducting wall, in particular so that for a heat-conducting wall together they do not exceed 10% or up to 5% of the surface of the heat-conducting wall. Chemical weaning pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the bodies of matrix have the shape of parallel plates with a through hole and the outer edge surfaces of the plates abut against the surface of a heat-conducting wall. Chemical heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the bodies of matrix are arranged as strips or plates, which extend between opposite walls in parallel channels (22) in a plate heat exchanger, wherein other parallel channels (23) in the plate fan exchanger contain a heat-carrying medium.