SE532604C2 - Plant and methods for energy storage and / or transport - Google Patents

Description

ï '30 532 EÜÅ 2 capacity can be obtained. A typical value of storage capacity for solids with water as absorbent, calculated as cooling energy, approx. 0.3 kWh / l substance. An additional benefit of solids. is, that no moving parts are required in the system. Heat is supplied or removed from the substance via a slatted heat exchanger or plate heat exchanger in homogeneous contact with the substance. Thus, in the chemical heat pump described in the said patent application WO 00/31206, there are no pipes »~. <.leader parts on the process side. The disadvantage of solids is the limited effect that can be obtained. * 'las, due to the generally poor heat melting ability of solids; The same patent application describes, inter alia, a method for solving the problem of poor heat conduction of solids and the consequent low power. The process comprises slurrying the solid in the sorbate into a slurry having such a consistency that it can be easily filled around or in a heat exchanger.

The amount of sorbate in the slurry. shall exceed the concentration of sorbate which comes later. in the heat pump's discharged position. When the substance is then charged, it gets one. final sintered form, so-called matrix, which does not dissolve during normal uptake of sorbate during operation of the heat pump.

With a liquid substance, the advantage of high power is obtained, because the substance can be sprayed over the heat exchanger during both charging and discharging and thereby effectively cooled and heated, respectively. The disadvantage of fl surfactant is that the cooling capacity decreases as a function of the dilution with the absorbent. In reality, this strongly limits the working interval within which the substance can be used, which in turn reduces the storage capacity, as calculated above as cooling energy per liter of substance. Most liquid substances for use in chemical heat pumps consist of solutions of strongly hygroscopic inorganic salts in preferably water and also with water as absorbent. This results in an additional restriction, in that the solute cannot be allowed to crystallize. Crystallization creates problems in spray nozzles and pumps.

By using a so-called hybrid substance, one of the advantages of solid and surface systems can be combined, see the above-mentioned international patent application WO O0 / 37-864. or the hybrid process. The substance is present here in both solid and surface states during the process, the solid phase being used for energy storage, with the same energy density as in the solid sister, while heat exchange to and from the substance; in only the liquid phase of the substance takes place with: as great an effect as in ordinary liquid systems. Only ~ - the liquid phase is used for heat exchange to the surroundings. A prerequisite for this is that the solid and liquid phases can be kept separate during the process. Separation can take place by filtration by means of a separating means of a suitable kind such as a net or a filter or in another way. The fl surface phase, often referred to as the "solution", is pumped and spread over a 533 Eüil 3 heat exchanger. As in the case of systems working with solution only, ie with a constantly flowing substance, it is important that the pumps, valves and spray nozzles of the hybrid system are not clogged due to crystals in the circuit.

General has. thus the fixed system in this respect a clear advantage as it does not require any pumps, valves or spray nozzles. t. i '' ß l fi g. 1a is shown in a schematic form, in general, a chemical heat pump for the production of cooling or heat, and according to the hybrid process described in the said international patent application WO 00/37864. The heat pump comprises a * first container 1 or accumulator containing a more or less dissolved substance 2, which can exothermically absorb and endothermically desorb a sorbate. The first container 1 is connected to a second container 3, called the condenser / evaporator, via a tube 4. The second container 3. acts as a condenser for condensing gaseous sorbate 6 to liquid sorbate 5 during endothermic desorbing of the substance 2 in the the first container 1 and as an evaporator of liquid sorbate 5 to gaseous sorbate 6 during exothermic absorption of sorbate in the substance 2 in the first container 1. The substance 2 in the accumulator 1 is in heat-conducting contact with a first heat exchanger 7 therein, which in its luck via a liquid fl fate 8 can be supplied with heat from or emit heat to the surroundings The liquid 5 in the evaporator / condenser part 3 is also in heat-conducting contact with a second heat exchanger 9 in this, to or from which heat can be supplied or wiped from resp. to the environment via a liquid fl destiny 10. In order for the heat pump to be able to function according to the hybrid principle, the first heat exchanger 7 together with the substance 2 in its solid form is enclosed in a fi mesh network or fi lter ll. Solution, which constitutes the surface form of the substance, is located at the bottom of the accumulator 1 and a free space 12 is collected therein under the thirsty friend weaver 7. From this space solution can be sprayed out over the first heat exchanger 7 via a line 13 and an inlet 14.

In summary, the following applies; - In a solid-state system, a constant coolant temperature is obtained by the reaction taking place between two solid states of the substance. Both of these solid states are solid and, when converted from one state to another, maintain a constant reaction pressure for the absorbent. Reaction pressure; remains constant, until all the substance has passed from the first state to the second. The disadvantage of the system is its very low heat conduction and thus low power. Its advantages are that it works »without moving parts, has a high storage capacity and constant reaction pressure.

In a system with a hybrid substance, when the absorbent is taken up by the substance, ie when discharged, ~. the first phase is solid while the second phase is liquid, and then constant .- constant re- is maintained. action pressure for the absorbent. The substance will then gradually change from solid to fl surface state at the same time as a constant cooling temperature is obtained. The process continues with a constant reaction- “30 EEE EÜ- fl f 4 pressure, until all the substance has changed from solid to fl surface form. In the same way, the reaction pressure during charging is constant, while the substance changes from fl surface to solid form. Storage capacity and reaction pressure are equivalent to solids. The method that uses as-i systems with = hybrid stibstarrs to obtain high power is to work with the solution in the same way as in a system with fl surface substance. Solution is pumped from the substance container via a pre-separation system in the form of a crystalline to a single-spreader system, whereby the solution is distributed over the heat exchanger, which - forms a separate unit in the reactor.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION> - t.

It is an object of the invention to designate a plant or system for efficient storage and / or transport of energy.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method based on chemical. heat pump technology efficiently stores and / or transports energy.

For example, the published international patent applications WO 00/31206 and WO 2005/054757 show chemical heat pumps. These can be used to chemically store energy and then extract the stored energy in the form of heat or cold. By storing only the chemical substance separately, it turns out that an energy density of 400 kWh / ton can be obtained, which must be compared with other methods for energy storage transport, eg district heating which gives about 40 kWh / ton.

In general, with the help of chemical heat pumps, you can take advantage of the large amount of waste heat that is found, for example, in industrial processes and, for example, in an economical way to move it to places where the energy has a use value.

As mentioned above, solid state chemical heat pumps have the disadvantage of very low heat conduction and thus low power and the advantages of being able to operate without moving parts, high storage capacity and constant reaction pressure. Chemical heat pumps operating with a hybrid substance have the advantage of high power due to higher heat conduction, in addition to the fact that they can also function without moving parts and that they have a high storage capacity and constant reaction vapor pressure.

If in a chemical heat pump operating with a hybrid substance the solution of the active substance is used to increase the heat conduction between the active substance and the heat exchanger in the accumulator, which can be achieved, for example, by: the active substance -not undergoing movement during the whole process in the chemical the heat pump, ie so that the active SubSt fl n is always stationary or stationary, a chemical heat pump can be used so that ~ .saw -rt "solid" hybrid substance is obtained. To achieve this, the can solution of the active substance is gasified and / or bound in a passive substance, here called matrix or carrier, which should generally be in good heat-conducting contact with the heat exchanger in the accumulator and may be arranged in the form of 532 or fl your bodies, which in turn can be tightly integrated with. The fact that the substance is passive means that it does not participate in the uptake and release of the active substance by the active substance. The purpose of the matrix is thus to keep the solution of the active substance in place and thereby 'f * increase the heat conduction.between vârrneväzr-larenio and the active substance, when the substance changes from fl surface to solid state at' charge and from solid to fl surface state 'during. Discharge.

As a result, it is known that the solution usually has a higher thermal conductivity capacity than the solid substance used. The matrix is formed by a substance inert to the process in the heat pump with, all-. in general, an ability to bind to the solution phase of the active substance and at the same time allow the active substance to interact with the volatile medium. In particular, it may be desirable that the body or bodies which form the matrix should be able to effectively absorb and / or should be able to capillaryly bind the solution phase of the active substance. The matrix may comprise more or, less,. separate particles, such as powders of, for example, varying grain size and with powder cups of varying shape, fi bristles with, for example, varying wire diameter and varying fi lengths, or -sintered pulp with suitable porosity, which for example need not be uniform but may vary within the formed the matrix bodies. The size and shape of the particles, ie in the special cases grain size, wire diameter and porosity, and porosity in the case of a solid matrix and the choice of material in the matrix bodies in each case affect the final accumulator's storage capacity and ef-. fekt. In the event that the matrix is applied as a layer on the surface of the heat exchanger, the thickness of the layer can also affect the effect of the accumulator.

The processes in the heat pump can thus be said to run smoothly with the active substance absorbed in a wick of fi ber or powder, which has been shown to give high efficiency. The efficiency has little to do with heat conduction in the wick, but depends on the reaction in the liquid phase, ie, among other things, that the active substance in a non-divided state changes to a solution, which conducts heat better than a non-divided solid.

The matrix, which can be said to be an absorbent material, can be selected from a variety of different materials. For example, successful tests have been performed with a fabric of silicon dioxide as a matrix, and with a matrix in the form of sand and glass powder in different fractions. The heat pump works by conducting heat. in the liquid phase at the same time as the structure of the matrix is sufficiently permeable to allow transport of the vapor phase of the volatile medium. The. is also "possible to produce the matrix" by sintering powders or fibers into a more solid structure; . _. Such an accumulator, which is also called a reactor cell or a reactor part and comprises a matrix, can, for example, be used to advantage in energy storage and / or energy transport as described above. Accumulators with a matrix as above can be able to receive large amounts of energy and store the received. the energy with high density for iron-soluble substances and thereafter also cope with '30 532 Eüå; 6 transports, which can subject the stored energy accumulators to mechanical stresses in the form of agitation, vibration and pressure. The accumulator, ie the reactor part, in which the energy is stored, can thus be stored and transported separately from the condenser and the evaporator, respectively, in the heat pump, which discharge stations. . s The ability of the matrix to absorb liquid, whereby the liquid becomes the heat-carrying medium, and its ability to still allow gas transport through the matrix are equally applicable to ~ condensate. - sor- / evaporator unit in a chemical heat pump. When charging the chemical heat pump lf i, gas is "transported through the matrix to condense against the surface of the heat exchanger and then sucked up in the matrix, after which the absorbed liquid increases the heat conduction of the inatrix, whereby additional gas can be cooled, condensed" and sucked up. In case of discharge, of the chemical heat pump off- ;. The matrix provides water vapor, which cools the absorbed volatile liquid, which, due to its good thermal conductivity, transports heat for evaporation from the surface of the heat exchanger through the liquid to the evaporation zone.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be understood and obtained by means of the methods, processes, means and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS While the novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, a clear understanding of the invention, both in terms of organization and content, and of the foregoing and other features thereof may be obtained and the invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - fi g. 1a is a schematic view of a prior art chemical heat pump operating according to the hybrid principle, Fig. 1b is a schematic view generally showing the principle of a chemical heat pump, t- fi g. lc is image similar to fi g. lb, which schematically shows how a reactor with a chemical heat pump is charged, -. fi g. 1d is a view similar to Fig. 1b, as a schematic pointer horn reactor in a chemical heat pump. urladdas, - fi g. 2a is a schematic view similar to fi g. But with a chemical heat pump in which the active substance is absorbed in a carrier, units can be »stationary mounted in the charging resp. 532 EDI! - 7 - fi g. 2b is an image similar to fi g. 2a of an alternative embodiment of a chemical heat pump, - fi g. 3 is a diagram of the charging process in a chemical heat pump according to fi g. 2 with LiCI SOm ~ ~ active substance, '- fi g. 6a, '6b. and óc are detail views in "cross-section" of a matrix material placed next to a host ~ - fi g. 4 is a diagram similar to fi g. 3 but for the discharge process, ~ .- fi g. 5 is a schematic view of an accumulator tank traveling in fi g. 2 show chemical heat pump- _ .. 1. »Peïlf _ mevärclaryta,. _. '- fi g. 6d is a detail view in section of a matrix material placed next to a single heat exchanger surface, '10 .. - fi g. 7 is a schematic view of a container with contained reactor parts for one. chemical. from which a flange protrudes, heat pump, - fi g. 8 is a schematic view showing how a container with a reactor part contained therein is connected in a charging station, - fi g. 9a is an image similar to fi g. 8 as how a container with the reactor part contained therein is connected in a discharge station for the supply of heat, and - fi g. 9b is an image similar to fi g. ' 9a but where the container is connected for delivery of refrigeration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION An energy storage and / or energy transport system will now be described, in which the part of a chemical heat pump, which contains the "active" substance, is stored resp. transported In the chemical friend pump shown schematically in fi g- lb, there are two containers. A reactor 1 contains an active substance which can exothermically absorb and endothermically desorb a gaseous sorbate.

The reactor 1 is connected to a condenser / evaporator 3 via a tube or a channel 4. The second container 3 functions as a condenser for condensing gaseous sorbate to liquid SOYbHT and as an evaporator of liquid sorbate to gaseous sorbate. The active substance in the accumulator 1 is in some way in heat-exchanging contact with one or more external media, which is symbolically indicated by the arrows 31, for the supply or transport of heat. The liquid in the evaporator / condenser 3 is also in heat-exchanging contact with one or more other media, which is symbolically indicated. z::. arrows 32, for supply or removal of heat. f ». ..

According to the hybrid principle, the active substance switches between solid and dissolved state to: the chemical heat pump. must be able to function according to the .hybrid principle, the .active substance must. . 1 always remain in the reactor 1. One way to achieve this is to limit the mobility of the substance in its solid form by means of a net ll as shown in fi g. la. Another way will be described below. For a chemical heat pump that works with active substance, which is constantly in a solid state, this is not. “» So 533 Eüil- any problem.

During energy transport, the reactor 1 is physically transported with the active substance in a suitably active state. During transport, the reactor is physically and vacuum-tight separated from the gas duct 4, .n _. ^ using a shut-off valve, not shown. An evaporator / condenser unit 3ï fi nns ~ ._ z ~ is conveniently located, where one chooses to "charge" the reactor 1, i.e. to "transfer the active substance therein" to a "charged" or "activated" state, e.g. spillvärne frånen ï ~ .. processindusni, -se pilarna 31 * i fi g. The l-cuEvaporator / condenser unit only needs to * function ~ 'as a condenser and can be very simple. Between the reactor and the condenser there is a physical connection symbolically shown at 33. Another evaporator / condenser unit is found on it. place, where it is desired to extract the energy stored in the active substance in the reactor in the form of heat, see arrows 31 ", .or cooling, ie for" discharge "of the reactor or for transfer of. the substance to the "discharged" state, see arrows 322 for example. energy supply of a community or a collection of buildings, and the unit then functions only as an evaporator 3 ", see fi g. ld. The reactor. l is transported between the places where these units 3 ', 3" are located, and connected to them at the interface 33 for charging or discharging.

In the case of energy storage, the reactor 1 can in the same way be physically and vacuum-tightly separated from the gas duct 4 and stored in a suitable place with the active substance in a charged state. When the stored energy is to be used, the reactor 1 is fetched and connected to the gas channel for free passage of gaseous sorbate between the reactor and the evaporator / condenser 3. In this case, the evaporator and the condenser can thus consist of the same unit.

In some cases it may be appropriate to arrange a number of reactor units 1 in an outer container structure such as some form of container. The individual reactor units can then be given an elongate shape and, for example, be designed as pipes, which are placed parallel to each other. Heat exchange for such parallel pipes can be arranged, for example, by means of pipe wall joints, so that no internal heat exchanger loop is required as in fi g. la; Now with reference to tig. 2a describes a modified chemical heat pump, the reactor or accumulator of which may be suitable for energy storage and / or energy transport as above, and which utilizes the hybrid process using a matrix for retaining and / or supporting active substance.

The modified chemical heat pump conventionally comprises a first container 1, also called an accumulator or reactor, containing the fin active. substance 2, here also referred to as ~ - only "substance". The substance can exothermically absorb and endothermically desorb a sorbate, also called absorbent, usually water. The substance 2 is shown here to be held or carried by or absorbed in a matrix or carrier 13, which generally forms or consists of at least one porous body with the dryer / condenser part and can thus also be said to surround the evaporator / condenser part and to or. ~ 3O ESE ESÜÅ 9 open pores of a suitable inert substance. The matrix may in a typical case consist of a fi rich-grained powder of, for example, aluminum uranium oxide, applied in a layer of suitable thickness, for example a relatively thin layer such as with a thickness of 5 ß 1-0 mm. In this embodiment, the matrix in the first container 2 is arranged only at the inner surfaces of these containers, which are located at »a ff; first heat exchanger7, as shown separately * only at it. the vertical 'inner surfaces of the first container; .- ~: ~~ ~ - The first .container 1 is connected to a second container 3, also called condenser / evaf:. The porator, via a fixed gas connection 4 in the form of a pipe connected with its ends at the top of the containers 1, 3 .: The second container som acts as a condenser for condensation of gaseous fl sor- »ï- bat 6 to liquid sorbate. 5 during endothermic desorbence of substance 2 in the first container 1 and as evaporator of liquid sorbate 5 to gaseous sorbate 6 during exothermic absorption of sorbate in the substance in the first container. The second container 3 is shown to have, half of the part of its inner surface, which is in contact with a second heat exchanger 9, covered with capillary absorbent material 14 and half of the same inner surface free. In the embodiment according to the figure, this means that half of the inner vertical surface of the second container 3 is covered with capillaries. absorbent material while the rest of the inner surface is free. Condensation of gaseous sorbate 6 takes place against the surface of the heat exchanger 9 in the second container 3, while evaporation takes place from the capillary absorbent material 14 on the inside of the second container.

The various components of the chemical heat pump, also called the system, ie the interconnected internal cavities in the first and second containers 1, 3 and the gas line 4, are completely gas-tight and evacuated from all gases other than that in the chemical the gas 6, also called the volatile medium or absorbent, which is usually water vapor. The active substance 2 in the accumulator 1 is in direct heat-conducting contact with surfaces ß of the first heat exchanger 7, which in this embodiment is arranged at the vertical inner surfaces' of the accumulator 1 and thus can also be said. surround the accumulator, and via a first liquid fl fate 9 heat can be supplied from or emit heat to the surroundings. -Liquid 5 in evapora- _. The dryer / condenser part 3 is also in direct heat-conducting contact with surfaces of the second heat exchanger 9, which in this embodiment is arranged at the vertical inner surfaces of the evaporator, from which heat can be supplied or removed from resp. to the environment via a second liquid fl ödef 'i l 1.

The active substance 2 'in it. the chemical heat pump is selected so that it vidcdeternperatu- rity. "~ for which the heat pump is intended can operate so that it transitions between solid and liquid states during discharge and charging of the heat pump. The reaction in the accumulator 1 'thus takes place between two phases, a solid state and a fl surface. 532 Eüd »In the case of discharge, when the absorbent is taken up by the substance, the first phase is solid while the second .phase is fl liquid and then a constant reaction pressure is maintained for the absorbent.The substance will thereby successively change fi- from solid to liquid. The process continues with constant reaction pressure, essentially all the active substance has changed from solid to liquid form. Correspondingly, the reaction pressure during charging is constant, while the substance changes from surface to solid form. .

An abnormal hybrid substance, see the above-mentioned patent application WO 00/37864, may be advantageous. - - - is used, which dilute to the desired concentration in a solution of the sorbate and thereafter. absorb a matrix consisting of an inert powder, ie a 'powder of a material which does not change significantly during operation of the chemical heat pump. The material must thus have a solid form under the changing conditions in the heat pump and it must also not chemically interact with, ie not. ~ «. - chemically affect or are affected by, any of the substances or media that change the form of aggregation during the operation of the heat pump. In tests that have been performed, this powder has, for example, been made of aluminum. nitric oxide and the active substance LiCl. Other possible active substances may be SrBrz, etc., see also the above-mentioned international patent application WO 00/37864. The grain size of the powder can be important here as well as its capillary suction ability. To form suitable bodies of the matrix, such a powder can first be applied to one or more surfaces of a heat exchanger in the form of a layer of suitable thickness, for example with a thickness between 5 and 10. mm. In most cases, then, some form of mesh construction, not shown, must be applied to the heat exchanger to hold the respective layer to form a held body of the powder. Tests have, for example, been carried out with layers with a thickness of 10 mm placed on the outside of pipes, inside pipes and at the bottom of the container.

The solution, i.e. the active substance diluted with the volatile medium, also called the sorbate, in the liquid form, is then absorbed into the powder in the layers and allowed to drain until all the solution is bound capillary in the powder in the layers. Thereafter, the reactor can be used in the same manner as a solid state reactor. used, see for example the above-mentioned international patent application WO 00/31206.

The matrix with the solid substance in this case is not a solid solid body but a loose mass-like wet sand at the discharged state of the heat pump. In the heat pump charged; condition, on the other hand, the matrix is hard; The solution of the active substance is much better; our + = conduction than this substance in solid form .. Heat fi from 'the first heat exchanger 7 can then be efficient. »Transported to or from the active substance. For example, if a matrix consisting of alumina is filled with 3 molars; LiCl solution, a very fast and efficient "charging" of the system takes place down to the caf-l molar solution. Thereafter, the effect decreases, because the active substance no. No longer contains any solution, ie no part of it is in the liquid phase or solution phase. However, it is not a problem to run the process all the way down to the concentration of 0 mol- ~ -10 ~ 30 532 SÜÅ 1 1. The matrix no longer has any gas permeability when the concentration 3 molar is reached in this position, the matrix is full, so the matrix has taken up as much solution as '~ - 1 _ »f- is essentially' possible. _... ~.

Function and power hybrid system with. solution soaked in matrix is in the typical waste bin. significantly better than fixed systems. However, larger heat exchanger surfaces are required. t system with hybrid substance and free solution only; Tests show that 2 to 3 times the stirrer heat is required. change area for. to achieve in the hybrid sister with .- ": bound": solution phase the same effect as in-a hybrid- ~ -:. system men nnbnt fn iösntng. On the other hand, there is an attachment to the surface of such a device. Systems with an increased effective area of the surface of the heat exchanger so small that the spring exchanger does not necessarily have to be direct-acting but can advantageously be enlarged. With direct-acting heat exchanger or direct-acting heat transfer outer surface of a smooth; simple wall of the heat exchanger- while the heat-bearing / cooling medium or 'fl uiden in the heat exchanger circulates at the inner surface of the same wall, ie the substance / solution has a substantially direct contact with the heat exchanger medium, through only a relatively thin and flat wall in the heat exchanger. By heat exchanger or heat transfer with an enlarged surface is meant that the substance / liquid is present at a surface of the heat exchanger belt which has been given an enlarged effective heat transfer area, in that it is, for example, corrugated and / or is provided with protruding parts of a suitable type such as grooves. For a hybrid system with a solution absorbed in a matrix, this means that the matrix is also arranged at such a surface by the heat exchanger.

Tests performed on a laboratory scale and then recalculated to full scale have given data for charge and discharge, respectively, which are shown in the diagrams in fi g. 3 and 4. These tests have been carried out with accumulators 1 in the form of circular-cylindrical 1-liter vessels with a diameter of 100 mm and. height 1310 mm, in which a layer 13 with the thickness -10 mm of inert material containing therein. substance is. placed at the cylindrical inner wall of the vessel, i.e. at the inside of its mantle surfaces. The matrix material and the substance are held in place by a net construction comprising a "mesh 15" with an "outer cladding" of a more mesh structure such as cotton fabric. 1: .. a ask nmasket nett, se tig. 5. » Any change in the structure or function of the layer is inert, both. and substance have not been observed during the tests performed. ~ - The general structure of the matrix is shown schematically in fig. lla. Layer counter. the body 13 of porous matrix material is arranged on one side of a heat exchanger wall 23 and has pores 24.

The pores generally have such a cross-section that they allow the passage and uptake of the gaseous sorbate. The matrix may carry active substance 2 on the walls of the pores, which may interact with gaseous sorbate in the remaining channels 25 which may be present in certain stages of the heat pump driñ. The pores can also be completely filled as shown at 26 with solution resp. co-condensed. The matrix material is chosen so that it at. its surface can bind active substance / solution / condensate ~ 'and can thus suitably be hydro- or at least have a hydro-surface, if water is used as a fluid' system, however, it is possible to use materials; which does not have a hydrophilic surface or a generally non-surface, the liquid of the active substance in the solution phase or in which the active substance in the solution phase does not bind significantly, provided that the active substance is introduced into the matrix, such as by mixing or stirring. with this, before it is applied to the heat exchanger walls, although a chemical heat pump with such a matrix often works satisfactorily for only a few cycles during operation of the heat pump. The coarseness of the pores can be chosen, for example, so that they are capillary suction for the liquid phase which they are to absorb, which may be particularly suitable for a matrix in the condenser / evaporator. Typical cross-sectional dimensions of the pores 24 may be in the range 10'- 60 μm. Excessively narrow pores can be disadvantageous, as they can complicate the interaction of the volatile medium with all parts of the active substance. The volume of the pores can be, for example, at least 20% and preferably at least 40% or even at least 50% of the apparent volume of the matrix body. The matrix may, as mentioned above, alternatively be of a sintered or equivalent material, ie form a substantially solid, cohesive body. The matrix can also form particles of different shapes, such as more or less globular particles, see fi g. llb, or of elongated particles, for example of pieces, which can be relatively short with a length / thickness ratio in, for example, the range 1: 2 to 1:10, see fi g. llc. The heating wall '23 can be fitted with 27 ends 27 as shown in fi g. lld.

Example 1 of matrix material A material suitable as matrix material is made from Al 2 O 3 powder. The density of the powder grains is 2.8 kg / cins and their diameter is 2 - 4 μm. The powder is applied ~ in layers as above with. contained solution -of active substance and the dry matrix material in the layers has an apparent density of about 0.46 kg / cm3, which gives an average degree of filling of the finished matrix material of 0.45, i.e. almost half the volume is taken up by the powder grains . The carials between the powder grains in the I. produced layers have a diameter of the order of 60 μm. Example 2 »on matrix material i '' A material suitable as matrix material is prepared by casting a mixture of 1- <(weight) parts of Portland cement and 5 '(weight) parts of A120 powder; as in Example 1. This material can be roughly regarded as "synthesized fi Example 3 reaching matrix material. A" carrier material suitable as matrix material "is made of fibers which consist of 53% SiO 2 532 EO 4 13 and 47% Al 2 O 3 and have a melting point of about 1700. ° C. The density of the fibers is 2.56 kg / cm3 and their diameter is 2 - 441 m.The fibers are compressed in the wet state to increase the packing density.

The apparent density after drying of the compressed material is about 0.46 kg / cm 3, which gives an average degree of filling of the finished matrix material of 0.17. The channels between; The brim in the compressed material has a diameter of between about 5 and 10 microns. ~ In it. In the embodiment described above, the matrix layer 13 is arranged in the simplest way, such as on a surface in a substantially smooth interior of a heat exchanger. Different designs of heat exchangers and mounted thereon. The reactor vessels 1l are designed for the exchange of friends against an external medium which circulates inside matrix layers are conceivable, in the above-mentioned patent application WO 00/31206. Below are examples of such "further different conceivable designs" of matrix and "heat exchangers" as can be suitable in plants in which the matrix method described above is used. In a standard stationary facility can thus. the matrix layer, for example, is applied to the outside of one or more of the tubes in which a heat exchanger medium or heat-carrying medium circulates. Tests have, for example, been carried out with tubes with a diameter of 22 mm, around which matrix layers with a thickness of 10 mm have been used.

It is also possible that all fl uid, ie typically all the water, in the condenser can be sucked up capillary and thereby completely eliminated as fi in liquid in the chemical heat pump, see the plant in _ fi g. 2b. Here, all the inner surfaces of the evaporator / condenser 3 except the upper inner surface have been provided with capillary-absorbing matrix material. Heat exchanger medium must then also circulate at the bottom of this container.

Several reactor vessels 1 can be placed next to each other and connected together to form a reactor package, which can be particularly suitable for energy storage and energy transport. Such a reactor package can be enclosed in an outer vessel, a container 41, see fi g. 7, The reactor vessels 1 may, for example, be of the i. G. 2a and 2b showed the stroke.

Such a container 41, which may consist of a suitable steel vessel similar to ordinary containers for the international transport of goods, contains. then the reactor vessels 1, which can be constituted. of: a number of substantially identical tubular or platform units and may be located parallel to each other. The individual reactor vessels. are connected by a manifold 42 ,. which can be seen as an extension of the gas channel-4. and goes from the reactor vessels to an outer connection part 43.1. In the connection part a shut-off valve 44 is arranged. Gaseous sorbate "as water vapor" can pass through the manifold and through the gas duct 4, not shown in this channel, when the gas duct is connected to the connection part 43. as described above when charging and discharging the clock reactors. container 41 and around the individual reactor vessels and is supplied and removed via two connecting pipes 45, 46, in which shut-off valves 47, 48 are located. The reactor units are suitably -. factory as a process industry in the form of, for example, hot water is led around the reactor units ~ - 25 ao 532 Eüël 14 placed in the container 41 as compact as possible taking into account that sufficient friend exchange between them and the external medium, which exists around the reactor units and can circulate in the space in = the container around the reactor units, must be able to escape.

Reactor units 1-arranged in a container 41 can for instance consist of longitudinal parallel with -ï x - i; ._ ~ fitted together, nailed. steel tubes, which then contain active substance, which may be bound = to a matrix according to the above. The connection to the sarnling tube »42 fi is conveniently located at one end of the steel tubes. 'When charging. the reactor unit in a container 41, the container can be connected to; for example, specially designed charging stations in, for example, industry. A container is connected: to a charging station via the three connection parts 43, 45 and 46. Connection 43 of the collecting pipe 42. does not need to be connected to a condenser as above but can instead be connected to a simpler one. device such as a vacuum pump. The valves 44, 47 and 48 are opened and the excess friend 1 of 1, which transfers the active substance to the "charged" state, i.e. in practice "dries" the salt in the matrices in a heat pump construction as above. The water vapor which is then formed passes out through the collecting pipe 42 and the steam duct (4) and is pumped away »from the reactor units.

The water vapor can, for example, in turn work as a refrigerant in one of the factory's processes.

The water vapor which is a distillate can be used in sensitive processes where distilled water is needed.

When the charging is complete and the vacuum in the reactor units 1 has been checked, the valves 44, 47 and 48 are closed and the container 41 can be transported to a place * for storage or to a discharge station.

When discharging, the container 41 can in the same way be connected to a discharge station specially designed, for example, where heat or cooling is taken out of the container. The container is connected via the three connection parts 43, 45 and 46. If it is desired to extract the energy as cooling, the gas connection 43 is connected under vacuum to an evaporator '(3 "), which contains some amount of liquid sorbate and which is also in heat exchange ratio. with a system, which you want to cool. The space in the container 41 around the reactor units .l is connected to something that works _ = 1 «as a cooling medium, eg a local watercourse. If you instead want to take out the energy as heat, the liquid is connected in the space around the reactor units to the object to be heated, and the evaporator is connected for heat exchange to some form of heating medium, which here too can, for example, consist of a local watercourse or water supply. When the discharge is complete, the valves are closed. 44, 47 and 48 and the container 41 can be transported back to a charging station.

The evaporator (3 ") at the discharge station need not contain any matrix, but can only consist of a vacuum-tight container containing condensed sorbate, a standard .25 532 EÜÅ 1 5 heat exchanger and a pump which flushes water over the heat exchanger. Since the process at this station only goes in one direction, ie sorbate is transported in the form of steam from the evaporator to the reactor ': l- ,. the evaporator need not be as well protected from corrosion as in the embodiments' according to fi g. 1a and figx2a, 2b and then a standard aluminum heat exchanger for example can be used. Of. the same reason must be condensed sorbate, ie in the normal case the water is filled in the evaporator with iron cavities, and thus the evaporator must also be vacuum pumped. x in 'Charging a container 105 containing' one or more reactor units shall now be described - connection with fi g. In a charging station 50, the container 41 'is connected to an industrial unit or factory 51 with its connecting pipes 45, 46 with valves 47, 48 connected to connections 52, V53 with shut-off valves 54, 55.: The container is also at. interface 33 connected to a condenser 3 'or similar with its gas connection pipe 43 with valve 44 connected to a connection 57 with shut-off valve 58. The industrial unit or factory 5.1 supplies energy, see arrow 59, in the form of heat, such as waste protection, to the reactor unit in container 41 Heat energy is discharged in a hydraulic system, eg with water, or in a pneumatic system, eg with air, whereby the heat-carrying medium is here called energy carrier. Cooler energy carriers are delivered back, see arrow 60, to the industrial unit or factory to collect energy in the form of waste heat. At the same time, the condenser 3 'can be cooled, see arrows 61, 62, by a source indicated at 63, which has a constant temperature which is lower than the temperature of the energy carrier when it leaves the industry or factory 51.

The condenser could also in the simplest case be a vacuum pump.

Due to the AT, for definition see the above-mentioned published patent application WO 00/37 864, which prevails between the substance in the reactor unit 1 and the condenser 3 ', there is a' pressure difference between the two, which causes water taken up in the active substrate in the reactor to evaporate. and rushes over, see arrow 64, to the condenser, where the water vapor is condensed.

The close charge has been completed, ie after sufficient water has taken over to the condenser 3 ', all valves are closed and the container 41 is disconnected from the charging station 50 at the physical interfaces 33, 65 and 66. It can then be stored or transported to another place. . ' Discharge of a container 41 containing one or more of the charged reactor units shall. .:: -, - i 'is described in connection with lig. 9aoch 9b.

The '41 container with: its charged reactor unit is connected to a discharge station 70, which in special cases such as for energy storage may be the same as the charging station 50, but otherwise. _- cases are 'different' from this and can be »located on, for example, large geographically. distance from the charging station. The container is connected at the three physical interfaces 33, 64, 65.

The connection pipes 45, 46 with valves 47, 48 are connected to connections 71, 72 with 532 Güå 16 shut-off valves 73, 74 at the discharge station. The container is also connected to an evaporator 3 "with its gas connection pipe 43. with valve 44 connected to a connection 75 with shut-off valve 76. After all the connections have been connected, all these valves 47, ~ 48, 73, 74, 44 are opened. , 76 'to "start the discharge process .."' '30 Due to the AT prevailing between the input reactor unit ~ 1 and the evaporator 3 "becomes ~., There is a 'pressure differencex between. both of which cause the water in the evaporator to boil and form; ~ the water vapor rushes over, see arrow '77, to the reactor unit- in * container 41, where the water condenses in the salt of the reactor unit.

If you want to take out the energy stored in the reactor in the form of. heat, eg in a society, in i »the space in the container 41 around the reactor unit 1 is connected to the society's scar heating system, as in fi g; 15a is symbolically shown as the reservoir 78, by opening valves 79, 80 and closing valves 81, 82. In order to obtain the correct temperature, the evaporator 3 "with its heat-exchanging surfaces is simultaneously connected to a heat source symbolically shown at 83, which has a constant temperature, which is considerably lower than the temperature to be obtained, by opening valves 84, 85 and valves 86, 87. The energy carrier of the container 41 is pumped between the space around the reactor unit 1, where it is heated by the energy stored in the reactor unit, and the community heating system 78, where the heat demand is reduced, see arrows 88, 89. The evaporator 3 "energy carrier is pumped between the heat-exchanging surfaces of the evaporator, where it cools, and the heat source 83, see arrows 90, 91.

If one instead wants to extract the energy stored in the reactor unit 1 'in the container 41 in the form of cooling, the heat-exchanging' surfaces of the evaporator 3 "are connected to the cooling system of society, symbolically shown as the reservoir 92 in fi g. 9b, by the valves 93, 94, the valves 95, 96 are opened and at the same time the correct temperature is closed. At the same time, the friend-changing surfaces of the reactor unit are connected via a medium to a cold source, symbolically shown at 97, which has a constant temperature, which is significantly higher than the temperature. except that valves 98, 99 are opened and valves 100, 101 are closed. This pumps the evaporator's 3 "energy carrier between the evaporator, where it is cooled, and the community cooling system, 92, where the cooling demand is met, see arrows 102, 103. The reactor unit's energy carrier is pumped. between the space 'in the container 41 around the reactor unit, where it is heated, and the cold point 97, see arrows 104, 105.

After all the stored energy has been taken from the reactor unit 1 in the container 41, the shut-off valves around the interfaces 33, 65 and 66. The discharged reactor can then be transported to the charging station 50 and connected to it.

Claims (20)

15 20 25 53.? BÜÅ t? PATENT REQUIREMENTS A plant for storing and / or transporting energy comprising a charging station (50), a discharging station (70) and a storage part, the charging station (50) and the storage part having connections for inserting into them considerable internal spaces in communication with each other, - the discharge station (70) and the storage part have connections for putting in them considerable internal spaces in communication with each other, and - the storage part in an inner space contains an active substance (2) which interacts with a volatile liquid by absorption and desorption thereof, characterized in that the storage part is designed as a reactor part (1) in a chemical heat pump with the active substance (2) in the reactor part and the volatile liquid so selected that the volatile liquid can be absorbed by the active substance at a first temperature and desorbed by the the active substance at a second higher temperature, the active substance at the first temperature having a solid state, from which the active substance when the substance absorbs the volatile liquid and its vapor phase immediately turns partially into the liquid state or solution phase and at the second temperature has a liquid state or is in the solution phase, from which the active substance immediately releases into the solid liquid immediately into solid phase. state, and the reactor part (1) comprises a matrix (13) for the active substance (2), so that the active substance both in the solid state and in the liquid state or solution phase is retained in and / or bound to the matrix (13), the charging station (50) comprises a condenser (3 ') or similar device so that, when the storage part is connected to the charging station and the inner space of the reactor part (1) is in communication with an inner space of the condenser (3') or the like device, from the reactor part receive and / or separate gas phase of the volatile liquid, so that the reactor part (1) is charged in the same way as in a chemical heat pump, wherein it the active substance (2) is transferred to a charged state by desorption of the volatile liquid, and the discharging station (70) comprises an evaporator (3 ") containing in an internal space an amount of the volatile liquid in condensed form, so that, when the storage part is connected to the discharge station and the inner space of the reactor part (1) is connected to the inner space of the evaporator (3 "), to the reactor part transfer gas phase of the volatile liquid, so that the reactor part (1) is discharged in the same way as in a chemical heat pump, whereby the active substance (2) is transferred to a discharged state by absorption of the volatile liquid. Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that the matrix (13) of an inert material EEE Eüfïl lies, Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the matrix (13) comprises at least alumina. Plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the matrix (13) of a material comprising pores, which are permeable to the volatile liquid and in which the active substance (2) is arranged. Plant according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized by the attmanis (13) of which is a material with a surface to which the active substance (2) in a liquid state can be bound. Plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the material in the matrix (13) has a surface which wets the active substance (2) in its liquid state and / or the fl volatile liquid in its fl liquid state. System according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized by the matrix (13) of a material comprising separate particles. The plant according to any one of claims 1 ~ 7, characterized in that the matrix (13) is made of a material comprising a powder. Installations according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the matrix (13) is a material comprising a compressed material. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the matrix (13) is designed as a layer of material applied to a surface of a first heat exchange layer. 11. ll. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the matrix (13) with the active substance retained therein is enclosed in a retaining structure (15). Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the retaining structure (13) is a net device comprising at least one net or a fabric of carrier material. Plant according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the condenser (3 ') or the similar device comprises a vacuum pump. Plant according to any one of claims 1 - 13, characterized in that the storage part comprises a container (41), in which at least one reactor vessel (1) is placed. Plant according to any one of the requirements, characterized in that the storage part comprises a container (41), in which a number of reactor vessels (1) are placed and connected. 16. The plant according to the aforementioned central reactor vessel (I) comprises substantially identical tubular units, which at their only end are interconnected by a manifold. Plant according to claim 15, characterized in that said reactor reactor vessel (1) comprises substantially identical platform units, which are placed parallel to each other and are connected by a manifold (42). 18. The plant according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that the adjacent reactor vessel or said reactor vessel (1) is designed / exchanged for heat to an external medium, which when connecting the storage part to a charging station or a separate charging station . Plant according to claim 18, characterized in that the container (41) comprises two connecting pipes (45, 46), which are arranged to connect the storage part to a charging station or a discharge station to a space in the container (41) around said plurality of reactor vessels (1) supply an external medium ßr heat exchange to said 10 number 10 reactor vessels resp. remove the outer medium from the space. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the charging station (50) and the charging station (70) are identical.