KR20100084163A - Storing/transporting energy - Google Patents

Abstract

An installation for storing and/or transporting energy comprises a charging station, a discharging station and a reactor part (1). The reactor part is designed to be part of a chemical heat pump and contains an active substance. It is also arranged to be capable of being connected to the charging station for charging, i.e. transfer of the active substance to a charged state, and to the discharging station for discharging, i.e. transfer of the active substance to a discharged state. In the reactor part a matrix for the active substance can in one embodiment be provided, so that the active substance both in its solid and its liquid state is held or carried or bonded by the matrix. The matrix is advantageously an inert material such as aluminium oxide and has pores, which are permeable for the volatile liquid and in which the active substance is located. In particular, a material can be used that has a surface or surfaces, at which the active substance can be bonded in the liquid state thereof. For example, the matrix can be a material comprising separate particles such as a powder or a compressed fibre material. The installation can also be used for production of the volatile liquid in a purified form.

Description

Energy Storage / Transfer {STORING / TRANSPORTING ENERGY}

Related application

This application claims priority and benefit from Swedish Patent Application No. 0702649-5, filed November 29, 2007, the overall disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, the present application has the contents in common with the published international patent application WO 2007/139476.

The present invention relates to equipment and methods for storing and / or transferring energy simultaneously with the purification of volatile liquids.

Considering the increased emissions of greenhouse gases, it is important to change all energy production as much as possible, so as not to cause CO ₂ emissions. An obvious way to reduce these emissions is to use waste heat from major industries, in particular the device industry and similar activities. In Sweden, this total use of energy has been able to reduce emissions by more than half by supplying hot or cold air to rooms and buildings from energy that may be wasted.

However, it is generally known that technical and economic challenges exist, for example, in collecting large amounts of reject heat produced during industrial processes. Technically, devices for collecting this energy require high temperature handling and energy supply variability.

In addition, the use of such energy in an economically acceptable manner requires the conversion of the energy to the storage medium to enable storage at sufficiently large energy densities, both per weight unit and volume unit of storage medium. For example, published international patent applications WO 00/37864 and WO 2005/054757 can in some sense say store energy in a charged state, and in a discharging state Heat pumps are described in accumulators that can be said to transfer energy to hot or cold.

The principle of operation of such chemical heat pumps is well known and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. See 31206, WO 00/37864 and WO 2005/0054757. In chemical heat pumps, the active material performs the process of a heat pump and is provided as a volatile medium, usually a bipolar liquid, and in most cases acts with an absorbent which is water. As the operatively active substance, according to the prior art, a solid substance, a liquid substance or a "hybrid substance" can be used. By “solid” active material is meant that the material continues in the solid state all the time during the whole process and for every cycle, ie with or without the absorbed volatile media therein. By “liquid” active material is meant that the material continues in the liquid state all the time during the whole process and during every cycle, ie with or without the volatile medium absorbed therein. By "hybrid" material it is meant that the active material is alternated between the solid state and the liquid state during the processing of the heat pump.

In the case of solid active materials, the cooling temperature in the system in which the heat pump is coupled has the advantage that it can be kept constant during the whole discharge process and a relatively large storage capacity can be obtained. Representative storage capacity values for solid materials using water as absorbents are about 0.3 kWh / l material, taken as cooling energy. Another advantage associated with the use of solid materials is that no moving parts are needed in the system. Heat is supplied to or obtained from the material through a lamellar heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger in uniform contact with the material. Here, in the chemical heat pump described in the cited patent application WO 00/31206, no moving parts are provided on the process side. A disadvantage with solid materials is that the power available is usually limited due to the low thermal conductivity of the solid material. The same patent application describes, in particular, a method for solving the problems with poor thermal conductivity of solid materials and the resulting low power / efficiency. The method involves the precipitation of a solid material in sorbate to form a slurry having a concentration that is easily fillable around or into the heat exchanger. The amount of sorbate in the slurry should not exceed the concentration of sorbate which will later be in the discharged state of the heat pump. Thereafter, when the material is filled, it obtains the final sintered shape, the so-called matrix, which does not dissolve in the normal absorption of sorbate during operation of the heat pump.

In the case of using a liquid material, there is an advantage that the material can be injected into the heat exchanger in both the filling and discharging processes, and thus high power is obtained because cooling and heating can be efficient respectively. A disadvantage with solid materials is that the cooling capacity is reduced due to the dilution of the absorbent. Indeed, this greatly limits the operating intervals at which the material can be used, which, in turn, is taken as cooling energy per liter of material, as described above, thus reducing the accumulation capacity. Most liquid materials for use in chemical heat pumps are preferably solutions of inorganic salts with strong hygroscopicity in water and likewise water is used as absorbent. This raises another limitation due to the fact that the crystallization of the dissolved material cannot be tolerated. Crystallization causes problems with spray nozzles and pumps.

With the use of so-called hybrid materials, several advantages with regard to solid and liquid systems can be combined, which are referred to above in international patent application WO 00/37864. The chemical heat pump disclosed in this patent application operates by a special process, which may be referred to as hybrid principle, hybrid method or hybrid process. In this process, the material is present in both solid and liquid states during the process, and the solid phase is used to store energy at a high energy density as in solid systems, while from the material and the material The heat exchange of the erosion is carried out only in the liquid phase of the material with a great efficiency as in a conventional liquid system. Only the liquid phase is used for heat exchange to the surroundings. The condition is that the solid and liquid phases must be able to remain separated during the process. Separation may be effected by using suitable separation means such as nets or filters or by filtration by other methods. The liquid phase, often called "solution", is pumped and injected into the heat exchanger. As in the case of systems using only solution, ie, always liquid material, it is important that the pumps, valves and spray nozzles of the hybrid system are not blocked by crystals in the circulation path.

Thus, in general, the solid system does not require a pump, a valve and an injection nozzle and therefore has a clear advantage in this respect.

In FIG. 1A, which schematically shows a chemical heat pump, the heat pump is designed to operate by providing cooling or heating by the hybrid process as described in the above-cited international patent application WO 00/37864. The heat pump comprises a first container 1 or accumulator comprising a slightly dissolved material 2 capable of exothermicly absorbing or endothermically desorbing sorbate. The first container 1 is connected via a pipe 4 to a second container 3, also called a condenser / evaporator. The second container 3 is a condenser for condensing the gas sorbate 6 to form a liquid sorbate 5 during the endothermic desorption of the material 2 in the first container 1. And as an evaporator of liquid sorbate 5 to form gas sorbate 6 during the exothermic absorption of the sorbate in the material 2 in the first container 1. . The material 2 in the accumulator 1 is in heat conducting contact with a first heat exchanger 7 located therein, the first heat exchanger 7 being supplied with heat from the surroundings through a liquid flow 8 or Or heat can be transferred around. The liquid 5 in the evaporator / condenser section 3 is likewise in heat conduction contact with a second heat exchanger 9 located therein, the second heat exchanger 9 being circumferentially through the heat flow 10, respectively. Heat can be transferred from or to the surroundings. In order for the heat pump to operate on a hybrid principle, the first heat exchanger 7 is enclosed in a fine-net net or filter 11 together with the substance 2 in the solid state. The liquid solution of the substance is collected in the free space 12 which is present in the lower part of the accumulator 1 and is located below the first heat exchanger 7. From this space the solution is injected into the first heat exchanger 7 via conduits 13 and pumps 14.

In summary, the following is true:

In systems operating with solid materials, a reaction occurs between the two phase states of the material, thus obtaining a constant cooling temperature. Both of these two phase states are solid and maintain a constant reaction pressure of the absorbent in the conversion from one of these states to the other. The reaction pressure is kept constant until the material is all converted from the first state to the second state. Disadvantages of the system are very low thermal conductivity and low power resulting therefrom. Its advantages include that the system operates without any moving parts and has a high accumulation capacity and constant reaction pressure.

In a system operating with a hybrid material, when the absorbent is absorbed by the material, ie in the release process, the first phase is a solid while the second phase is a liquid and in the same manner as described above, the constant reaction pressure of the absorbent Is maintained. The material will then continuously and continuously change from solid to liquid at the same time a constant cooling temperature is maintained. The process continues at a constant reaction pressure until all of the material has changed from its solid state to the liquid state. In the same way the reaction pressure is constant in the filling process when the material is changed from liquid to solid state. The accumulation capacity and the reaction pressure correspond to those for the solid material. The method used for systems operating with hybrid materials to obtain high power is to operate with solutions in the same way as for systems operating with liquid materials. Liquid is pumped from the material container to the injection system through a system for separating crystals, by which the solution is injected into a heat exchanger forming a separation unit in a reactor.

The German patent application, publication number 103 95 583, proposes the storage of thermal energy in a thermochemical unit, for example silica gel. In a Swedish patent application with publication number 441 457, a heat accumulator in which a desiccant, such as hydrated salts, ammonia compounds or zeolites, is fixed to the fiber carrier material and used for controlled reception, storage and rescue of energy. Is disclosed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an installation or system for the efficient storage and / or transmission of energy.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently storing and / or transmitting energy while producing volatile liquids in clean or pure form.

For example, published international patent applications WO 00/37864 and WO 2005/054757 disclose chemical heat pumps. They can then be used to store energy chemically to use the stored energy for heating or cooling. It has been shown that energy storage alone of 400 kWh / ton can be achieved by storing chemicals alone, compared to other energy storage / transmission methods, for example remote heating methods providing about 40 kWh / ton. In general, it is possible to use a large amount of waste heat which is lost in an industrial process, for example by means of a chemical heat pump, for example in an economical way to transfer it to where the energy has value. .

As mentioned above, chemical heat pumps operating on solid materials have the disadvantages associated with very low thermal conductivity and therefore low power or low efficiency, and can be operated without any moving parts, and have the advantage of high accumulation capacity and constant reaction pressure. Have Chemical heat pumps operating with hybrid materials have the advantage of high power or efficiency due to the higher thermal conductivity and the fact that they can also be operated without any moving parts and the fact that they have high accumulation capacity and constant reaction pressure.

In a chemical heat pump operating with a hybrid material, if a solution of the active material is used to increase the thermal conductivity between the active material and the heat exchanger in the accumulator, this is, for example, the entire process in the chemical heat pump. As achievable by the fact that the active material does not follow any displacement, ie the active material is always positioned in a fixed or fixed manner, a chemical heat pump with a so-called "solid" hybrid material can be obtained. To achieve this, the solution of the active substance can be inhaled and / or combined in a passive substance, here called a matrix or carrier, which generally has good thermal conduction contact with the heat exchanger in the accumulator and in turn with each other. Arrangeable as one or more bodies that can be tightly integrated. The fact that the substance is a passive means means that the substance does not cooperate with the absorption and release of volatile media by the active substance. Thus, the function of the matrix is to maintain a solution of the active substance in its position, thereby when the active substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state in the filling process and from its solid state to the liquid state during the release process. To change the thermal conductivity between the heat exchanger and the active material. Thus, it is possible to take advantage of the fact that the solution often has a higher thermal conductivity capacity than the solid material. The matrix is formed from a material that is inert to the process in a heat pump and generally has the ability to bind the solution phase of the active material to itself, while simultaneously allowing the active material to interact with the volatile medium. Can be. In particular, it may be desirable for the body or bodies forming the matrix to be able to efficiently absorb and / or bind the solution phase of the active material in a capillary manner. The matrix may comprise some discrete particles, for example a powder having particles of varying particle size and shape, for example fibers of varying diameters and lengths, and / or It may include a sintered mass that does not need to be fixed and has a suitable porosity that is variable within the formed matrix body. The size and shape of the particles, i.e. particle size, diameter and porosity in specific cases, and porosity in the case of a solid matrix, and the choice of materials in the matrix body, in each case are the accumulator capacity and power and efficiency of the completed accumulator. Affects. If the matrix is applied to the surface of the heat exchanger as one layer, the thickness of the layer can also affect the power or efficiency of the accumulator.

Therefore, it can be said that the process in the heat pump is performed with the active material absorbed in the body or fiber wick or powder, which results in high power or efficiency. The power or efficiency has little to do with the thermal conductivity in the body or wick, and the reaction in the liquid phase, i.e., in a solution with better thermal conductivity than the solid material to which the active material in the finely divided state is to be finely divided It depends on the fact that it changes.

The matrix, which can be said to inhale or absorb a substance, is selectable from a number of different substances. For example, successful tests have been performed using silicon dioxide fibers as the matrix and using matrices containing sand and glass powders in different fractions. The heat pump works by the fact that the structure of the matrix is sufficiently permeable to allow the vapor phase transfer of the volatile medium and at the same time heat is conducted to the liquid phase. It is also possible to produce a matrix by sintering powders or fibers to form a more solid structure.

Such accumulators, also referred to herein as reactors or reactor sections and comprising a matrix, can be usefully used for storing and / or transmitting energy, for example, as described above. An accumulator consisting of a matrix as described above may allow receiving a large amount of energy and storing this received energy at a higher density compared to comparable materials, after which the accumulator comprising stored energy is mixed in motion. It may also allow transport to be subjected to mechanical stresses such as vibration, pressure and pressure. The accumulator, i.e. the reactor portion, in which energy is stored, can therefore be stored and transmitted separately from the condenser and the evaporator, respectively, in a heat pump, and these units are fixedly arranged in a charging station or a discharging station respectively. It is possible.

The ability of the matrix to inhale liquid into the liquid to form a heat carrier medium and to allow gas transfer through the matrix is equally applicable to the condenser / evaporator unit in a chemical heat pump. When filling the chemical heat pump, gas is transferred through the matrix to be condensed at the surface of the heat exchanger and absorbed by the matrix, after which the absorbed liquid increases the thermal conductivity of the matrix, thus allowing more gas. Is cooled, condensed and absorbable. Upon releasing the chemical heat pump, the matrix releases water vapor, which cools the absorbed volatile liquid. The absorbed volatile liquid transfers heat of evaporation through the liquid from the surface of the heat exchanger to the evaporation zone due to its good thermal conductivity.

In general, facilities for the storage and / or transmission of energy may include charging stations, discharge stations and storage. The charging station and the reservoir have a coupling device suitably designed such that when the storage unit is coupled to the charging station, the internal spaces present therein can communicate with each other. Similarly, the discharge station and the reservoir have a coupling device that allows the internal spaces present therein to communicate with each other when the reservoir is coupled to the discharge station. The reservoir includes an active material in the internal space for interacting with the volatile liquid by absorption and desorption.

Preferably, the reservoir can be designed as a reactor portion of a hybrid material and a chemical heat pump operating as a matrix as described above. This means that the active material and the volatile liquid in the reactor portion are selected such that the volatile liquid is absorbable by the active material at a first temperature and desorbable by the active material at a higher second temperature. Since the active substance has a solid state at a first temperature, from this state the active substance is partially changed into the liquid state or solution state immediately upon absorption of the volatile liquid and its vapor phase. Since the active substance has a liquid state or is in a solution state at a second temperature, from this state the active substance is partially changed to an instant solid state upon exiting the volatile liquid, in particular its gaseous phase. In addition, the reactor portion includes a matrix for the active material such that the active material is supported and / or bonded to the matrix in both its solid state and its liquid state or solution state.

The filling station consists of a similar device, such as a condenser or a suitable pump, in particular a pump of the vacuum pump type. When the reservoir is coupled to the filling station and the inner space of the reactor portion communicates with the inner space of the condenser or similar device, the filling station can receive and / or remove the gas phase of the volatile gas from the reactor portion. Thus, the reactor portion is "charged" in the same manner as in a chemical heat pump by the active material which is converted to a "charged" state by the desorption of the volatile liquid.

The release station consists of an evaporator containing a large amount of volatile liquid condensed in the interior space. When the storage unit is coupled to the discharge station and the internal space of the reactor portion communicates with the internal space in the evaporator, the discharge station can transfer the gas phase of the volatile gas to the reactor portion, thereby absorbing the volatile liquid. The reactor portion is “released” in the same way as in a chemical heat pump by the active material being converted to the “released” state.

As described above, energy is stored and transmitable. This energy storage means that pure water can be obtained simultaneously as a by-product of the transfer operation when water is used as the volatile liquid in transferring the energy to the storage. In a corresponding manner, it is necessary to refill the water at the place using the stored energy.

Thus, the preparation of pure water can be done by filling the evaporator with water, i.e. brine or contaminated water, which may or may not be pure before "release", ie prior to the use of energy at the release station. . This water is discharged / evaporated from the evaporator as water vapor as the water vapor condenses and binds to the active material of the reactor portion when using the stored energy. Then, when the reactor portion is "filled" in the filling station, water is evaporated from the reactor portion and condensed as pure water in the condenser or similar device. Such pure or clean water is extractable from the discharger and can be used for all purposes conceivable for water, for example as industrial or drinking water. An advantage with regard to energy transfer as described above is that it is possible to use unclean water, such as brine and other contaminated water, at the location where the energy is used, which in turn is “ "Recharged" as clean distilled water.

The production of pure water by purifying non-pure water, for example brine, is also clearly achievable even when hybrid materials and matrices are not used. Purification of the water can be performed without additional supply of energy and without additional costs for the operation. As pure water becomes an increasingly important commodity that is in short supply, this feasibility of water can be an important advantage from an environmental point of view, from a health point of view and from an economic point of view. Instead of energy transferred from charging stations located at geographically different locations to the emitters, pure water is used in a fixed manner, and then pure water is used only for energy storage to be used when needed at the same location. Can be obtained from unclean water, such as purified water. The user of the personal living space receives energy from a thermal solar radiation receiver as received from daily radiation and stores it as thermal energy in a storage unit, for example, for heating and air conditioning cooling purposes. All heat energy can be obtained. In filling the reservoir, in each cycle involving the storage of energy and the transfer of energy, the user clean water can be prepared from brine or other contaminated water. The capacity of the reservoir can be adjusted in proportion to the user's energy needs, and thus can be provided for the user's demand for clean water at the same time. Thus, for example, a user of a personal living space may require about 25,000 kWh of energy as heating and cooling energy, which is adjustable by connecting the charging station to a solar collector of sufficient size. In such a facility, about 42 m 3 of brine or other contaminated water can be purified annually, while more satisfactorily ensuring the user's overall demand for clean water.

Still other objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be disclosed by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the methods, processes, means and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

According to the present invention, an installation or system for the efficient storage and / or transmission of energy is provided.

According to the present invention, there is also provided a method for efficiently storing and / or transmitting energy while producing a volatile liquid in clean or pure form.

While the novel features of the invention are particularly disclosed in the appended claims, a full understanding of the invention, both in terms of construction and content, and of the foregoing and other features, is set forth in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below. It is possible to obtain from the detailed description of the non-limiting examples, and the present invention becomes more apparent therefrom. During drawing:
1A is a schematic representation of a chemical heat pump according to the prior art operating on a hybrid principle,
1b is a schematic diagram generally illustrating the principle of a chemical heat pump,
FIG. 1C is a view similar to FIG. 1B, schematically illustrating how the reactor is charged in chemical heat. FIG.
FIG. 1D is a view similar to FIG. 1B, which schematically illustrates the manner in which the reactor is released in chemical heat. FIG.
FIG. 2A is a view similar to FIG. 1A, schematically illustrating a chemical heat pump in which an active substance is absorbed in a carrier. FIG.
FIG. 2B is a view similar to FIG. 2A, schematically illustrating an alternative embodiment of a chemical heat pump, FIG.
3 is a view showing a charging process using LiCl as the active material in the chemical heat pump according to FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, illustrating the discharge process.
5 is a schematic diagram of an accumulator tank for a chemical heat pump shown in FIG. 2,
6A, 6B, and 6C are cross-sectional views showing in detail a matrix material located on the heat exchanger surface;
6d is a cross-sectional view detailing the matrix material located on the surface of the heat exchanger from which the flange protrudes;
7 is a schematic view of a container including a reactor portion for a chemical heat pump,
8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method in which a container including a reactor part therein is connected to a charging station.
FIG. 9A is a view similar to FIG. 8, in which a container having a reactor portion therein is connected to an outlet for heat transfer; FIG.
FIG. 9B is a view similar to FIG. 9A, schematically illustrating a container connected for cold air delivery; FIG.
10 is a schematic diagram of a facility for the simultaneous production of energy transfer and pure water,
FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing components in the installation of FIG. 10 at a place where energy will be transferred, FIG.
FIG. 11B is a view similar to FIG. 11A, illustrating a component at the location where pure water is produced, and
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIGS. 11A and 11B, showing a schematic representation of components in a plant for simultaneous production of energy storage and pure water.

The energy storage and / or transmission system will now be described in detail, wherein the chemical heat pump portion comprising the "active" material is stored or transmitted, respectively. The chemical heat pump schematically shown in FIG. 1B is provided with two vessels or containers. The reactor 1 comprises an active substance capable of absorbing gas sorbate exothermicly and desorbing endothermally. The reactor 1 is connected to the condenser / evaporator 3 via a pipe or channel 4. The second vessel 3 acts as a condenser to condense the gas sorbate from the liquid sorbate and as an evaporator of the liquid sorbate to form the gas sorbate. The active substance in the accumulator 1 is in heat exchange contact with the at least one external medium, symbolically indicated by an arrow 31, in any way for the supply or removal of heat. Likewise, the liquid in the evaporator / condenser 3 is in any way heat exchange contacted with one or more external media, symbolically indicated by arrows 32 for the supply or removal of heat.

According to the hybrid principle, the active substance alternates between the solid state and the dissolved state. In order for the chemical heat pump to operate on the basis of the hybrid principle, the active substance must always remain in the reactor 1. One way to accomplish this is to limit the mobility of the solid state material using the net 11 as shown in FIG. 1A. Another method is as described below. This is not a problem in chemical heat pumps which always operate as active substances in the solid state.

In energy transfer, the reactor 1 is physically transferred while the active substance is in a suitable active state. During transmission, the reactor 1 is physically and vacuum sealed off from the gas channel 4 by means of a shutoff valve 4, not shown. In FIG. 1C, as indicated by arrow 31 ′, the evaporator / condenser unit 3 ′ “charges” the reactor 1, eg, using waste heat from the apparatus industry, ie, Appropriately provided at the place of choice to switch the active material located therein into the "filled" or "activated" state. The evaporator / condenser unit should only operate as a condenser and can have a very simple structure. A physical coupling device is arranged between the reactor and the condenser, indicated by reference numeral 33. Another evaporator / condenser unit uses the energy stored in the active material in the reactor for heating, or for cooling, as indicated by arrow 31 " In order to, in other words, as indicated by arrow 32 ', the reactor is provided at the place where it is to be used, in order to "release" or to convert the substance into a "released" state, and then the unit is shown in FIG. It operates only as an evaporator 3 "as described above. The reactor 1 is transmitted between the places where these units 3 ', 3" are located, and the interface 33 for charging or discharging respectively. Are connected to them.

In energy storage, the reactor 1 can likewise be physically and vacuum sealed off from the gas channel 4, can be stored in a suitable place and the active material is in a charged state. When wishing to use the stored energy, the reactor 1 is coupled to the gas channel for free flow of gas sorbate between the reactor and the evaporator / condenser 3. Therefore, in this case, the evaporator 3 "and the condenser 3 'can be the same unit.

In some cases, it may be appropriate to arrange one or more reactor units 1 in an external support structure, such as a kind of freight container. The individual reactor units can then be rectangular shaped and designed, for example, as tubes located parallel to one another. Since the heat exchange for this parallel tube can be carried out, for example, through the walls of the tubes, no internal heat exchange coils are needed, as shown in FIG. 1A.

A modified chemical heat pump will now be described with reference to FIG. 2A. Its reactor or accumulator may be suitable for energy storage and / or transfer as described above, which utilizes a hybrid process with a matrix for supporting and / or transporting the active material.

The modified chemical heat pump comprises a first container 1 as in the prior art, which is also called an accumulator or reactor, and here contains an active material 2 which is simply referred to as "material". The material can absorb sorbate exothermicly and endothermally desorb, and the sorbate is also called an absorbent, the liquid form of which is referred to herein as the "volatile liquid" and can generally be water. The terms “volatile liquid” and “water” are used herein to refer to the liquid form of the sorbate, and it should be understood that other liquids may be used even if only water is mentioned. The material 2 is described herein as being supported, carried or sucked by a matrix or carrier 13, wherein the matrix or carrier 13 is generally at least one having open pores and formed of a suitable inert material. Or form a porous body of the porous body.

 The matrix generally consists of a finely divided powder, for example aluminum oxide, which is applied to a relatively thin layer, such as one layer having a suitable thickness, for example one layer having a thickness of 5-10 mm. Can be. In this embodiment, the matrix in the first container 2 is applied only to the inner surface of this container, which is located in the first heat exchanger 7, as shown in particular in the vertical inner surface of the first container. The first container 1 is connected to another container, also called a condenser / evaporator, via a fixed or stationary gas connection 4 in the shape of a pipe, the end of which is connected to the upper side of the containers 1, 3. 3) is connected. The second container acts as a condenser to condense the gas sorbate 6 to form a liquid sorbate 5 in the endothermic desorption of the material 2 in the first container 1, the first container 1. It acts as an evaporator of the liquid sorbate 5 to form a gas sorbate 6 in the exothermic absorption of the sorbate in the material in the container. The second container 3 is here shown as having an inner surface with a half part and a free half part which are in contact with the second heat exchanger 9 and covered with a capillary suctioned material 14. In this embodiment by the figure, this means that half of the inner vertical surface of the second container 3 is covered with a material having a capillary suction function while the remaining part of the inner surface is free. Condensation of gas sorbate 6 takes place at the free surface of the heat exchanger 9 in the second container 3, and evaporation takes place from the capillary absorbent material 14 on the inner surface of the second container.

The various components of the chemical heat pump, so-called systems, ie the internal spaces of the first and second containers 1, 3 and gas conduit 4, which are in fluid connection with each other, are entirely hermetic, usually water vapor volatile Also called the medium or absorbent, all other gases other than the gas 6 participating in the chemical process are removed. In this embodiment it can also be said that it is located on a vertical inner surface containing the accumulator 1 and thus receives the accumulator and supplies heat from and / or heat from the surroundings through the first liquid flow 8. The active material 2 in the accumulator 1 is in direct thermal conduction contact with the surface of the first heat exchanger 7 which is capable of transfer. Likewise, in this embodiment it can also be said to be located on the vertical inner surface of the evaporator / condenser section and also to receive the evaporator / condenser section and to supply and / or surround heat from the surroundings through the second liquid stream 11 respectively. The liquid 5 in the evaporator / condenser section 3 is in direct thermal conduction contact with the surface of the second heat exchanger 9 capable of transferring heat.

The active substance 2 in the chemical heat pump is selected such that the heat pump is operable at the intended temperature so as to change between the solid state and the liquid state in the discharge and filling process of the heat pump. Thus, the reaction in the accumulator 1 takes place between two phases, the solid state and the liquid state of the active substance. In the release process, when the absorbent is absorbed by the material, the first phase is solid while the second phase is liquid, thus maintaining a constant reaction pressure with respect to the absorbent. The material is then continuously changed from the solid state to the liquid state while maintaining a constant cooling temperature. The process is continued at a constant reaction pressure until the active substance has changed substantially from its solid state all into a liquid state. In the same way the reaction pressure in the filling process is constant while the material changes from its liquid state to the solid state.

Conventional hybrid materials, with reference to patent application WO 00/37864 as described above, are diluted to the desired concentration in a solution of the sorbate and then inert powder, i.e. any substantial during operation of the chemical heat pump. It can advantageously be used for inhalation into a matrix consisting of a powder of material that does not change in range. Therefore, the materials must have a solid state during the changing conditions in the heat pump and must not chemically interact with any material or medium that changes their aggregate state during the heat pump operation, ie chemically with the material or medium. It should not be influenced by or influenced by them. In the tests performed, these powders included, for example, aluminum oxide and the active material included LiCl. Other possible active substances may be SrBr 2 and the like, see international patent application WO 00/37864, supra. The particle size of the powder is important here and the capillary suction or absorption is also important. In order to form a suitable body of the matrix, such powder may first be applied to one or more surfaces of the heat exchanger, for example as one layer having a suitable thickness, for example 5 to 10 mm thick. In most cases, in order to form a body from the powder, a net-structure of some kind, not shown to support each layer, must be applied to the heat exchanger. For example, the test was performed using a 10 mm thick layer applied to the outside of the pipe, inside the pipe and to the bottom of the container. The solution, ie the active substance, also called liquid sorbate, diluted by volatile media, is sucked into the powder in the layers and consumed until all the remaining solution is capillaryly bonded to the powder of the layers. Can be. The reactor can then be used in the same way as reactors for solid materials are used, see for example International Patent Application WO 00/31206 as described above.

In this case the matrix together with the material supported therein is not a solid body but a loose mass, similar to wet sand in the discharge state of the heat pump. However, the matrix is hard in the state of charge of the heat pump. The solution of the active substance has a much better thermal conductivity than the substance in the solid state. Heat from the first heat exchanger 7 can be effectively transferred to or removed from the active material. For example, when a matrix of aluminum oxide is filled with 3 moles of LiCl solution, the filling of a very rapid and effective system is carried out up to about 1 mole of solution. Thereafter, since the active substance no longer contains any solution, ie there is no part in the liquid or solution phase, power is reduced. However, there is no problem in running the process at a concentration of 0 moles. In the release process, the process performs very well until the solution is 2.7 2.8 moles after the delay and thereafter is delayed. This is because the matrix is no longer permeable to gas when reaching a concentration of 3 moles. In this state the matrix is filled, ie the matrix has absorbed substantially as much solution as possible.

The function and power of a hybrid system using a solution aspirated into the matrix is generally much better than that of a solid system. However, larger heat exchanger surfaces are needed than are needed for systems using only hybrid materials and free solutions. The test shows that a hybrid system using a "bonded" solution phase requires twice as much heat exchanger area to reach the same power as a hybrid system using only free solution. However, in systems with increased efficient area of the heat exchanger surface, the power density at the surface is so small that the heat exchanger does not necessarily have to operate directly and can be beneficially enlarged. The term heat exchanger acting directly or heat exchanger acting directly between the heat exchanger and the active substance / solution refers to the heat transfer / cooling medium or fluid in the heat exchanger while being circulated on the inner surface of the same wall, ie the material / Means that the substance / solution is present on the outer surface of the gentle and simple wall of the heat exchanger while the solution is in substantial contact with the heat exchanger medium only through relatively thin and flat walls in the heat exchanger. The term heat exchanger or heat exchanger with an enlarged surface refers to the material / fluid on the surface of the heat exchanger, which will have an enlarged effective heat exchange area by providing any suitable kind of protrusion, such as, for example, corrugations and / or flanges. Means that it exists. In a hybrid system using a solution absorbed in a matrix, this means that the matrix is also located on the surface of this heat exchanger.

Tests performed at the laboratory scale and recalculated at full scale provided data for each of the charge and discharge shown in the diagrams of FIGS. 3 and 4. These tests were carried out using an accumulator 1 having a cylindrical vessel shape of 100 liters in diameter and 130 millimeters in height, wherein an inert material layer 13 having a thickness of 10 mm containing a material therein was used as the It is located on the cylindrical inner surface, ie inside of its envelope surface. In this embodiment the matrix material and the material are held in place by a net structure comprising a net 15 having an outer covering of a finer net structure, such as cotton fabric 16 or a net of fine nets. See FIG. 5. No change was found in the structure or function of the layer comprising the inert carrier and the material during the test.

The general structure of the matrix is shown schematically in FIG. 6A. The layer or body 13 of porous matrix material is applied to one side of the heat exchanger wall 23 and has pores 24. The pores generally have a cross section that allows the transport and absorption of the gas sorbate. The matrix carries the active material 2 on the wall in the pores capable of interacting with gas sorbate in the residual channel 25 which may be present in some stages of heat pump operation. The pores may also be completely filled with each of the solution or condensate as shown in (26). If water is used as the fluid in the system, the matrix material is chosen to be able to bind the active material / solution / condensate at its surface and thus be appropriately hydrophilic or at least have a hydrophilic surface. However, it is also possible to use materials which do not have a hydrophilic surface or which are substantially free of surfaces wetted by the active substance in solution or in which the active substance in solution in the surface is not so bound. Although chemical heat pumps with such a matrix often operate satisfactorily only during some cycles of the heat pump operation, the active material is introduced into the matrix by mixing or stirring together before being applied to the heat exchanger wall. The size of the pores may be chosen such that the liquid phase to be absorbed is capillary suction, for example, to be particularly suitable for the matrix located in the condenser / evaporator. Representative cross-sectional dimensions of the pores 24 may range from 10-60 μm. It may not be desirable to have too small pores as this may make the interaction between the volatile medium and the entire portion of the active material more difficult. The volume of the pores can be, for example, at least 20%, and preferably at least 40%, even at least 50% of the bulk volume of the matrix body. The matrix can be of an alternatively sintered material or equivalent material as described above, ie can form a substantially solid, connected body. The matrix can also be from lengths / from elongated particles of different shapes, such as approximately spherical particles, as shown in FIG. 6B, or, for example, in the range of 1: 2 to 1:10, as shown in FIG. It can be formed, for example, from fibrous pieces, which can be relatively short with a thickness ratio. The heat exchanger wall 23 may be provided with a flange 27 as shown in FIG. 6D.

Example of Matrix Material 1

Suitable materials as matrix materials are made from Al ₂ O ₃ powders. The powder particles have a density of 2.8 kg / cm 3 and a diameter of 2-4 μm. The powder is applied in a layer containing an active material solution therein as described above, and the dry matrix material in the layers has a bulk density of about 0.46 kg / cm 3, which is an average fill factor of 0.45 or about the finished matrix material. To give. That is, the powder particles occupy almost half of the volume. The channels between the powder particles in the prepared layers have a diameter of 60 μm order size.

Example 2 of matrix material

Materials suitable as matrix materials are prepared by molding a mixture of 1 part by weight of Portland cement and 5 parts by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ powder as in Example 1. This material can generally be considered "sintered".

Example 3 of matrix material

Suitable fiber materials as matrix materials are made from fibers with 54% SiO ₂ and 47% Al ₂ O ₃ and having a melting point of about 1700 ° C. The fiber has a density of 2.56 kg / cm 3 and its diameter is 2-4 μm. The fibers are compressed in the wet state to increase their packaging density. The bulk density after drying of the compacted material is about 0.46 kg / cm 3, which gives an average fill factor of 0.17 of the finished matrix material. The channel between the fibers in the compressed material has a diameter between about 5 μm and 10 μm.

In the embodiment described above the matrix layer 13 is applied in the simplest possible way to the substantially gentle inner surface of the heat exchanger. Compared to the patent application WO 00/31206 described above, various forms can be considered for the thermal structure and the matrix layer applied thereto. In the following, several different examples are added for the possible structures of the matrix and heat exchanger which may be suitable for a plant in which the matrix technique as described above is used. Therefore, in a typical stationary installation, for example, the matrix can be applied outside the one or more pipes through which the heat exchange medium or heat carrier medium circulates. For example, a test was performed on a pipe having a diameter of 22 mm with a matrix layer having a thickness of 10 mm applied around it.

It is also possible that all fluid in the condenser, ie typically all water, is inhalable in a capillary manner and thus can be completely removed as a free liquid in the chemical heat pump, see the installation of FIG. 2b. Herein all inner surfaces of the evaporator / condenser 3 except for the upper inner surface were provided with a capillary suction matrix material. The heat exchange medium must then also be circulated at the bottom of this container.

As mentioned above, the plurality of reactor vessels 1 may be located on the sides of each other and connected to each other to form a reservoir. The reservoir here is also called a reactor part or reactor package, which may be particularly suitable for the storage and transmission of energy. The reservoir may include an outer vessel, a container 41, as shown in FIG. 7, in which the reactor package is received. The reactor vessel can be of the type shown, for example, in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

Such a container 41, which may consist of a suitable steel vessel 1 similar to a conventional cargo container for international goods transport, may be a plurality of substantially identical tubular or plate-shaped units and be located parallel to each other. Said reactor vessel 1, which may be used. The individual reactor vessels are connected to each other by a collector tube 42 which can be seen as an extension of the gas channel 4 and extends from the reactor vessel to the outer coupling 43. At this connection the shut-off valve 44 is connected. When charging and discharging the reactor, as described above, when the gas channel is coupled to the coupling portion 43, gas sorbate, such as water vapor, is introduced into the collector tube and the gas channel (not shown). 4) can pass through. The reactor vessel 1 is designed to exchange heat with an external medium circulating inside the container 41 and around the respective reactor vessel, the two coupling pipes 45 to which the shutoff valves 47, 48 are connected, Supplied and removed through 46. The reactor unit is as compact as possible, taking into account that sufficient heat exchange occurs between the reactor unit and the container 41 and the external medium arranged around the reactor unit to circulate the inner space of the container around the reactor unit. It is suitably positioned in the container 41.

The reactor unit 1 in the container 41 may for example be an elongated steel tube which is arranged parallel to one another, may be enameled and comprise an active material which can be bonded to the matrix as described above. Can be. The connection to the controller tube is properly positioned at one end of the steel tube.

When filling the reactor unit 1 in the container 41, the container is connectable to, for example, a filling station of a special structure, for example where an industrial complex is located. The container is coupled to the filling station by three coupling parts 43, 45, and 46. The coupling 43 of the collector tube 42 then need not be coupled to the condenser as described above but can instead be coupled to a simpler device as a vacuum pump. The valves 44, 47 and 48 are open and excess heat from the facility, such as the device industry, for example in the form of hot water is conducted around the reactor unit 1, which is directed to the active material. Causes the "filled" state, ie the salt in the matrix is "dried", especially in the thermal heat pump as described above. The water vapor thus formed is pumped from the reactor unit through the collector tube 42 and the vapor channel 4. The water vapor can in turn serve as, for example, a cooling medium in some processes carried out in the plant. The water obtained when the water vapor is condensed is a distilled liquid and is therefore pure with no content of salts and contaminants. It can be suitably used for example in sensitive processes where distilled water is required or for producing drinking water. After the filling is completed and the vacuum in the reactor unit 1 is confirmed, the external heat exchange medium around the reactor unit inside the container 41 can be pumped, and the valves 44, 47 and 48 is closed and the container 41 can be sent to storage or to a discharge station.

In the discharging process, the container 41 is for example specially designed and can be coupled in a similar manner to a discharging station which takes heat or cold from the container. The container is coupled by the three coupling parts 43, 45, and 46. If energy is to be used for cooling, the gas combiner 43 is coupled to the evaporator 3 "under vacuum, which contains some liquid sorbate and is in heat exchange relationship with the system to be cooled. The space of the container 41 around the reactor unit 1 is coupled to an object, for example a local water stream, which acts as a cooling medium, instead the reactor is intended to use energy for heating. The liquid in the space around the unit is coupled to the object to be heated, and the evaporator is here also connected for heat exchange to any form of thermal medium which can be, for example, a local water stream or a water pool.

After the discharge is completed, the valves 44, 47 and 48 are closed and the container 41 can be sent back to the filling station.

The evaporator 3 "at the discharge station need not include a matrix, but may consist only of a vacuum hermetic vessel containing a sorbate condensed therein, a conventional heat exchanger and a pump for injecting water into the heat exchanger. In this state, since the process proceeds only in a single direction, ie, sorbate is sent from the evaporator to the reactor 1 as steam, the evaporator is the same as in the embodiment of Figs. 1a and 2a and 2b. It does not need to be well protected against corrosion and therefore it is possible to use, for example, a common aluminum heat exchanger For the same reason, condensed sorbate, ie ordinary water, must be filled in the evaporator at equal intervals, so that the evaporator also It must be pumped into a vacuum.

Therefore, clean water can be obtained as a by-product when transferring energy by using an energy storage device such as the above-described storage unit formed by one or more reactor vessels 1 as described above and suitable for filling stations and discharge stations. The production of water can then be carried out by filling the evaporator 3 in the discharger with unclean water, such as brine or other contaminated water, prior to discharge, ie prior to energy transfer. During the energy transfer such water is discharged / evaporated from the evaporator as pure water vapor, whereby the vapor condenses and binds to the active material of the reactor 1. Then, when the reactor is charged at the discharge station, water is discharged from the reactor as water vapor and condensed as clean water in the condenser 3. Such clean water is extractable and can be used for all purposes conceivable for water, for example, industrial or drinking water. In particular, such water can be produced in two ways, using energy storage to store energy in one place for use in another, that is to say for energy transfer, or in one place. It can then be manufactured in any of the following ways for use in the same place:

1. Energy is stored in the energy storage device in one place and transferred to another place for use. Clean water can be delivered to the place where energy storage is performed as desired, ie the energy manufacturer supplies energy and obtains clean water. The energy receiver in the rest of the site provides the system with water, which can also be brine or contaminated water, without having to be cleaned, thereby filling the system.

2. Another process for obtaining clean water may include that the storage of energy and the use of energy are carried out at the same place, ie fixedly, for example in a house or a store requiring both storage and use. . A typical such facility may take energy from a solar collector, which is stored until it needs to be used. This typical such facility also takes water to be purified from the sea or some slightly contaminated water source. In order to carry out the preparation of water, the evaporator is filled with e.g. contaminated water for this purpose before transferring heat energy from the energy storage for both heating or cooling. The condenser and evaporator are then separate devices coupled to the reservoir, so that, for example, the condenser / evaporator 3 according to FIG. 1b is not contaminated by the filled water, The filling station is used and the evaporator is used for the discharge station. When energy is transferred from the energy store, the contaminated water is evaporated and the formed steam is sent to the reactor 1, where it is absorbed as pure distilled water. After energy transfer, the energy store is recharged and the clean water coupled to the reactor is discharged as water vapor, which is now condensed in a separate condenser. After the filling process is completed, the water collected in the condenser can be withdrawn and used, for example, as drinking water.

The process of filling the container 105 including one or more reactor units will now be described with reference to FIG. 8.

In the filling station 50, the container 41 comprises a coupling pipe comprising coupling valves 52, 53 comprising shut-off valves 54, 55, and valves 47, 48 coupled to 53. 45) and 46 to the industrial unit or the factory 51. The container is also connected at the interface 33 to a condenser 3 ′ or similar device having a gas coupling pipe 43 including a valve 44 coupled to a coupling device 57 including a shutoff valve 58. Connected. The industrial unit or factory 51 supplies energy to the reactor unit 1 in the container 41 as heat, such as waste heat, as indicated by arrow 59. The thermal energy is transmitted in a hydraulic system, for example using water, or in a pneumatic system, for example using air, a heat exchange medium or a heat carrier medium, also called an energy carrier here. Energy carriers with lower temperatures are fed back to the industrial unit or factory, as indicated by arrow 60, to collect energy as waste heat. At the same time, as indicated by arrows 61, 62, the condenser 3 ′ can be cooled by a source indicated by 63, the source 63 being energized by the industrial unit or factory. It has a constant temperature lower than the temperature when leaving (51). The condenser here can also be a vacuum pump in the simplest case.

As defined in the published patent application WO 00/37864 as described above, the pressure difference between them due to the (ΔT) present between the material in the reactor unit 1 and the condenser 3 ' Is formed, and the pressure difference causes water absorbed in the active material in the reactor to be quickly evaporated as indicated by arrow 64 to the condenser where the water vapor condenses.

After the filling process is finished, i.e. after a sufficient amount of water has been introduced into the condenser 3 ', the space around the reactor unit 1 in the container can be emptied from the energy carrier and all valves are closed. The container 41 is disconnected from the charging station 50 at the physical interfaces 33, 65, and 66. It can then be stored or transported to another location.

Referring now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the process of discharging a container 41 including one or more charged reactor units 1 is described.

The container 41 is connected to the discharge station with its charged reactor unit, which may be the same as the charging station 50 in special cases, such as energy storage, but in other cases separately, for example. For example, it may be located geographically far from the charging station. The container is coupled to the three physical interfaces 33, 65, and 66. The coupling pipes 45, 46, including valves 47, 48, are coupled to coupling devices 71, 72, including shut-off valves 73, 74 at the outlet. . The container is also connected to the evaporator 3 "by means of a gas coupling pipe 43 comprising a valve 44 coupled to a coupling device 75 comprising a shutoff valve 76. After all coupling devices are connected, All these valves 47, 48, 73, 74, 44, 76 are opened to initiate the discharge process.

Due to the (ΔT) present between the inner space of the reactor unit 1 and the evaporator 3 ", a pressure difference is formed between them, which causes the water in the evaporator to start boiling, Water vapor is quickly transferred to the reactor unit in the container 41 as indicated by arrow 77, where the water condenses in the salt of the reactor unit.

If the energy stored in the reactor is to be used as heat, for example in a town or a city, the space in the container 41 around the reactor unit 1 opens the valves 79, 80 and the valves. By closing 81 and 82, it is connected to the town or urban zonal heating system, indicated by reservoir 78 in FIG. 9A. At the same time, in order to receive the correct temperature, the evaporator 3 "opens the valves 84 and 85 and closes the valves 86 and 87 to a heat source whose heat exchange surface is indicated by the sign 83. Combined, the heat source has a constant temperature much lower than the desired temperature to be obtained, thus the energy carrier of the container 41 is surrounded by the reactor unit 1, as indicated by arrows 88, 89. Pumped to circulate between the space of the reactor and the district heating system 78 of the village or city, wherein the space around the reactor unit 1 is heated by the energy stored in the reactor unit 1, The illustration shows where there is a need for heating. The energy carrier of the evaporator 3 "is between the heat source 83 and the heat exchange surface of the evaporator being cooled, as indicated by arrows 90 and 91. Pumped.

Instead, when it is desired to use the energy stored in the reactor unit 1 in the container 41 for cooling purposes, the heat exchange surface of the evaporator 3 "opens valves 93 and 94 and At the same time by closing the valves 95 and 96, it is connected to the cooling system of the town or city as indicated by the reservoir 92 in Fig. 9b .. At the same time, the heat exchange surface of the reactor unit to receive the correct temperature Is connected through the medium to the cold heat source indicated by reference numeral 97 by opening the valves 98 and 99 and closing the valves 100 and 101, the cold heat source being a constant higher than the desired temperature. Temperature. Thus, the energy carrier of the evaporator 3 "is between the evaporator to be cooled and the cooling system 92 of the town or city where cooling is required, as indicated by arrows 102 and 103. Pumped in. The energy carrier of the reactor unit is pumped between the cold heat position 97 and the space in the container 41 around the reactor unit to be heated, as indicated by arrows 104, 105.

After all of the stored energy has been collected from the reactor unit 1 in the container 41, the valves around the interfaces 33, 65 and 66 are closed. Accordingly, the discharged reactor is transported to the charging station 50 can be connected thereto.

10 schematically shows how energy transfer and clean water production can be performed simultaneously. In the case of energy transfer, the charged reactor portion 1 is moved from place B to place A. In the case of clean water transmission, the discharged reactor portion is moved from place A to place B.

As shown in Figure 11A, approximately filtered water at location A, for example, is filled in the fixed evaporator 3 "from the filling vessel 111 by opening the valve 113. The filling valve is closed. And the evaporator is pumped by a vacuum pump 115 to realize a vacuum .. A charged reactor portion 1 (G in FIG. 10), which is vacuum inside, is sent to a place A, where it is fixed. To a conventional evaporator 3 ". The valve between the reactor portion and the evaporator, indicated by reference numeral 117 and corresponding to valves 44 and 76 in FIGS. 9A and 9B, is opened. After the evaporator 3 "and the reactor portion 1 are interconnected, the discharge process is started. During the discharge process, water in the evaporator is evaporated and moved to the reactor portion as steam. After this process is completed The valve 117 between the reactor portion 1 and the evaporator 3 "is closed and now the discharged reactor portion is disconnected from the evaporator. Thereafter, if necessary, water may be refilled to the evaporator and a freshly charged reactor portion may be connected to the evaporator, and charging is then resumed at site A. The chamber of the evaporator 3 "filled with water must be cleaned regularly, so there is no accumulation of salt or contaminants.

Thus, the discharged reactor portion 1 (H in FIG. 10) can reach place B and can be coupled therein to a fixed condenser 3 ′ which is vacuum inside. The valve between the reactor portion and the condenser, indicated by reference numeral 119 and corresponding to valves 44 and 76 in FIGS. 9A and 9B, is opened, after which the filling process is started, and the reactor Water in the part is evaporated and transferred to the fixed condenser as steam, where water vapor condenses. The water obtained in the condensation process is collected in the chamber of the condenser 3 '. After the filling process is completed, the valve 119 between the reactor portion 1 and the condenser is closed, whereby the reactor portion is disconnected from the condenser. Thereafter, the valve 121 for withdrawing water from the condenser is opened, and clean and drinkable water can be withdrawn by using the water pump 123. After the water has been withdrawn, the draw valve is closed and the vacuum is pumped to the condenser 3 'by using a vacuum pump 125. A new discharged reactor part 1 is now reachable at place B and can be connected to the condenser. After the valve 119 between the reactor portion 1 and the condenser 3 'is opened, a new filling process begins.

12 shows a method for the simultaneous production of clean water and storage of energy in a stationary process without a moving reactor portion. The same basic process as described above with particular reference to FIGS. 10, 11A and 11B is used, but at least two fixed reactors or reactor parts 1.1, 1.2 are used, which are said condenser 3 '. ) And valves 117.1, 117.2, 119.1, and 119.2, which are connected to the coupling portions of the reactor section respectively by an evaporator 3 ", can be alternately coupled to the evaporator and the condenser. In order to prevent the mixing of dirty and clean water, the evaporator and the condenser are separate, i.e. they are separate units. The evaporator 3 "is made up of a filling device as described above and the clean water is Since the valve 121 can be taken out from the condenser by opening the valve 121, clean water can be pumped using a pump 123, which can be, for example, a piston pump. The coupling valve of the reactor portion can be designed as a three-way valve. Therefore, when two reactor parts are used, as shown in the drawing, for example, the coupling valves 117.1 and 117.2 for the evaporator 3 "can be replaced by a three-way valve, not shown, and the condenser Coupling valves 119.1 and 119.2 for 3 'are replaceable with another three-way valve, not shown.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, many other embodiments can be envisioned, and those skilled in the art can readily make many further advantages, modifications, and changes without departing from the basic spirit and scope of the invention. something to do. Therefore, the invention in its broadest aspects is not limited to the above specific details, depicted apparatus and illustrations and examples described. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Therefore, the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Many other embodiments are conceivable without departing from the basic spirit and scope of the invention.

1: reactor
2: active substance
3: condenser / evaporator
4: channel
5: liquid sorbate
6: gas sorbate
7, 9: heat exchanger
8, 11: liquid flow

Claims (22)

It consists of a charging station, discharge station and storage unit,
The charging station and the storage section have a coupling device for interconnecting the internal spaces present therein,
The discharge station and the reservoir have a coupling device for interconnecting the internal spaces present therein,
The storage part comprises facilities for energy storage and / or transfer, comprising in the internal space an active substance for interacting with the volatile liquid by absorption and desorption,
The storage part is made as a reactor part of a chemical heat pump, the volatile liquid is absorbable by the active material at a first temperature and desorbable by the active material at a higher second temperature, the active material being It has a solid state at one temperature and from this state the active substance is partially or immediately changed into the liquid or solution phase immediately or directly when absorbing the volatile liquid and its vapor phase, and has a liquid state at the second temperature. Or the volatile liquid in the reactor portion is selected so that the active substance from this state changes in part directly to a solid state upon exiting the volatile liquid, in particular its vapor phase. Reactor portion comprises a matrix for the active material, the active material In both the solid state and liquid state or in solution, and to be supported and / or bonded to the matrix,
The filling station is for receiving and / or removing the gas phase of the volatile liquid from the reactor portion when the reservoir is connected to the filling station and the inner space of the reactor portion communicates with the inner space of a condenser or similar device. Including a condenser or similar device, the reactor portion is charged in the same manner as in a chemical heat pump, and the active substance is converted into the charged state by desorption of the volatile liquid,
The discharge station comprises an evaporator comprising a large amount of the volatile liquid in the condensed state in the internal space, when the reservoir is connected to the discharge station and the internal space of the reactor portion is in communication with the internal space in the evaporator, By transferring the gaseous phase of the volatile liquid to the reactor portion, the reactor portion is released in the same manner as in a chemical heat pump, and the active substance is converted into a state released by absorption of the volatile liquid. , Facilities for the storage and / or transmission of energy. 2. The installation according to claim 1, wherein the matrix consists of an inert material, in particular comprising at least aluminum oxide. The installation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the matrix is formed of a material that is permeable to the volatile liquid and consists of pores applied to the active material therein. 4. The surface according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is wetted by a substance having a surface to which the active substance in the liquid state is bondable, in particular the active substance in the liquid state and / or the volatile liquid in the liquid state. Equipment for the storage and / or transmission of energy, characterized in that formed of a material having.  5. The installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix is formed of discrete particles, in particular a material consisting of a powder or a compressed fiber material. 6. 6. The installation of claim 1, wherein the matrix has the shape of a layer of material applied to one surface of the first heat exchanger. 7. 7. The storage of energy according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is enclosed in a limiting structure, in particular a net device consisting of at least a net or a fibrous fabric, together with the active material supported therein. And / or facilities for transmission. 8. The installation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the condenser or similar device consists of a vacuum pump.  9. A facility according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir comprises a container in which at least one reactor vessel is located. 9. A facility according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir comprises a container in which a plurality of reactor vessels are located and interconnected. 11. The facility of claim 10, wherein the plurality of reactor vessels comprises substantially identical tubular units interconnected by collector tubes at one end. 12. The installation of claim 10 wherein the plurality of reactor vessels comprises substantially identical plate-shaped units interconnected by collector tubes at one end. 13. The method of any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the at least one reactor vessel or the plurality of reactor vessels is configured with an external medium circulating in the container around an individual reactor vessel when the reservoir is connected to a charging station or discharge station. An arrangement for the storage and / or transmission of energy, characterized in that it is arranged for heat exchange. The container of claim 13, wherein the container is configured to supply an external medium for heat exchange with the plurality of reactor vessels to the space in the container around the plurality of reactor vessels when the reservoir is connected to a charging station or discharge station, and And two joining pipes arranged to respectively remove the external medium from the space. 15. The installation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging station and the discharge station are the same station. -Consisting of charging station, discharge station and storage unit,
The charging station and the storage section have a coupling device for interconnecting the internal spaces present therein,
The discharge station and the reservoir have a coupling device for interconnecting the internal spaces present therein,
The storage part comprises an active material in the internal space for interacting with the volatile liquid by absorption and desorption, the apparatus for the storage and / or transfer of energy and for the production of large quantities of clean volatile liquid, in particular water,
The discharge station comprises an evaporator comprising a large amount of the volatile liquid in the condensed state in the internal space, when the reservoir is connected to the discharge station and the internal space of the reactor portion is in communication with the internal space in the evaporator, By transferring the gaseous phase of the volatile liquid to the reactor portion, the reactor portion is released in the same manner as in a chemical heat pump, and the active substance is converted into a state released by absorption of the volatile liquid,
The filling station comprises a condenser for receiving a gaseous phase of the volatile liquid from the reactor portion when the reservoir is connected to the filling station and the inner space of the reactor portion communicates with the inner space of the condenser. Charged in the same manner as in a chemical heat pump, the active material being brought into the charged state by desorption of the volatile liquid,
The internal space of the condenser is separated from the internal space of the evaporator,
The internal space of the evaporator is arranged to receive a large amount of the volatile liquid in liquid phase, in particular a large amount of the volatile liquid in an unclean form, before the discharge station is connected with the reservoir,
A tapping device for withdrawing the large amount of liquid is present in the internal space within the condenser after the filling station is connected to the reservoir for the filling of the active substance for use or handling of the large amount of liquid. A facility for the storage and / or transfer of energy and for producing large quantities of clean volatile liquids, in particular water, characterized in that it is in the liquid phase. The method of claim 16, wherein the reservoir is configured as a reactor portion of a chemical heat pump, wherein the volatile liquid is absorbable by the active material at a first temperature and detachable by the active material at a higher second temperature, wherein the The active substance has a solid state at the first temperature so that the active substance partially changes into the liquid state or solution phase immediately or directly when the active substance absorbs the volatile liquid and its vapor phase, and the second temperature Active substance and the volatile liquid in the reactor portion such that the active substance partially changes to a solid state directly upon exiting the volatile liquid, in particular its vapor phase, since it has a liquid state or is in solution phase Is selected, and the reactor portion is a matrix for the active material. Also in plants for the active substance is in both the solid state and liquid state or in solution, characterized in that so as to be supported and / or bonded to the matrix. Supplying a storage portion containing an active material in the internal space for interacting with the volatile liquid by absorption and desorption, for converting the active material into a charged state free of absorbed volatile liquid,
The storage section then stores and / or transfers energy and a large amount of the clean volatile liquid, which is configured to be released to convert the active material into a released state that includes the absorbed volatile liquid to utilize the stored energy. , Especially as a method for producing water,
In converting the active substance into the filled state free of absorbed volatile liquid, the absorbed volatile liquid is converted into the gaseous phase, which provides a large amount of clean volatile liquid after condensation. And / or for the production of transport and large quantities of clean volatile liquids, especially water. The method of claim 18, wherein when the reservoir is released to convert the active material into the released state, energy stored in the reservoir is used to deliver heating or cooling. 20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein after the energy is supplied to the reservoir for converting the active material into the charged state, the reservoir is separated from or stored at a distance from the place where the energy supply is performed. Or from this place. 21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein upon releasing the active substance, the storage unit condenses a large amount of the volatile liquid, particularly in a clean form, of the large amount of the volatile liquid in an internal space. Including an evaporator configured to transfer a pure gaseous phase of the volatile liquid to the reservoir when the internal space in the reservoir communicates with the internal space in the evaporator. To be discharged in the same manner as in this chemical heat pump. 22. The gas of the volatile liquid according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein in the filling of the active substance, the storage unit is configured to, when the internal space in the reservoir communicates with the internal space in the condenser, Connected to a filling station consisting of a condenser for receiving a phase and condensing it into the liquid phase such that the active material in the reservoir is charged in the same way as in a chemical heat pump, the active material being desorbed by the volatile gas. Converted to a charged state, after which the interior space of the condenser contains a large amount of volatile liquid in pure form.

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