SE528375C2 - A suction roll sheath made of steel as well as a method for producing a suction roll sheath - Google Patents
A suction roll sheath made of steel as well as a method for producing a suction roll sheathInfo
- Publication number
- SE528375C2 SE528375C2 SE0402141A SE0402141A SE528375C2 SE 528375 C2 SE528375 C2 SE 528375C2 SE 0402141 A SE0402141 A SE 0402141A SE 0402141 A SE0402141 A SE 0402141A SE 528375 C2 SE528375 C2 SE 528375C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- jacket
- suction roll
- steel contains
- ferrite
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000282806 Rhinoceros Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/48—Suction apparatus
- D21F1/50—Suction boxes with rolls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/10—Suction rolls, e.g. couch rolls
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/10—Suction rolls, e.g. couch rolls
- D21F3/105—Covers thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
25 30 35 f 5.28' 375 borrning. Rostfiia austenitiska och duplexa stål i sig själva har låg skärbarhet och man vidtar därför olika åtgärder för att öka skärbarheten av det rostfria stålet. Det är känt att förekomsten av kväve i rostfiitt stål minskar skärbarheten. I exempelvis US patentskrift 4769213 föreslås ett sätt att öka skärbarheten av ett martensitiskt rostfritt stål genom att reducera halten av kol och kväve så att andelen av kol och kväve tillsammans inte överstiger 0.05 viktprocent. Martensitiska stål har dock en i jämförelse med duplexstål lägre korrosionsresistens. För austenitiska rostfria stål föreslås i exempelvis US patentskrifi 5482674 att halten kol och kväve skall reduceras så att varken kolhalten eller kvävehalten är högre än omkring 0.035 viktprocent. Det är även känt att tillförsel av svavel kan öka skärbarheten. I US patentskrifi 4784828 föreslås sålunda att svavel skall tillsättas ett austenitiskt rostfiitt stål för att öka skärbarheten. Dessutom anges att innehållet av kol och kväve skall vara mycket lågt, totalt upp till 0.065 viktprocent. De austenitiska stålen har dock normalt en i jämförelse med duplexstålen lägre hållfasthet. 25 30 35 f 5.28 '375 drilling. Stainless steel austenitic and duplex steels themselves have low machinability and various measures are therefore taken to increase the machinability of the stainless steel. It is known that the presence of nitrogen in stainless steel reduces the cutability. For example, U.S. Pat. However, martensitic steels have a lower corrosion resistance compared to duplex steels. For austenitic stainless steels, for example, it is proposed in U.S. Pat. It is also known that the supply of sulfur can increase the cutability. Thus, U.S. Patent No. 4784828 proposes that sulfur be added to an austenitic stainless steel to increase machinability. In addition, it is stated that the content of carbon and nitrogen should be very low, a total of up to 0.065% by weight. However, austenitic steels normally have a lower strength than duplex steels.
I US patentskrifl 4,964,924 föreslås användning av ett martensitiskt rostfritt stål för en sugvals. Iden skriften anges att fen-it-austenitiska rostfria duplexstål är olämpliga som material för sugvalsar eftersom de är svåra att borra i. I stället anges att ett rostfritt stål lärnpligt för en sugvalsmantel bör vara martensitiskt och innehålla bland annat kol med mer än 0 men inte mer än 0.06 viktprocent, kisel till en viktprocent som överstiger 0 men inte uppgår till mer än 2, mangan till mer än 0 men inte mer än 2 viktprocent, nickel med 3 - 6 viktprocent, krom med 14 - 17 viktprocent, molybden med 1 - 3 viktprocent och koppar till en viktprocent från 0.5 tilll .5.U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,924 proposes the use of a martensitic stainless steel for a suction roller. The document states that fen-it-austenitic stainless duplex steels are unsuitable as materials for suction rollers because they are difficult to drill in. more than 0.06% by weight, silicon to a weight percentage exceeding 0 but not exceeding 2, manganese to more than 0% but not more than 2% by weight, nickel by 3 to 6% by weight, chromium by 14 to 17% by weight, molybdenum by 1 - 3% by weight and copper to a weight percentage from 0.5 to .5.
Den nu föreliggande uppfinningen syfiar till att tillhandahålla en lösning på problemet att finna ett stålmaterial som både uppvisar hög hållfasthet och en god korrosions- resistens och som dessutom lärnpar sig för skärande bearbetning och utan att behöva genomgå behandling med tillsatser av svavel. Det är vidare ett ändamål med uppfinningen att tillhandahålla en sugvalsmantel med god korrosionsresistens som kan tillverkas enkelt med skärande bearbetning.The present invention aims to provide a solution to the problem of obtaining a steel material which exhibits both high strength and a good corrosion resistance and which also learns for cutting processing and without having to undergo treatment with additives of sulfur. It is a further object of the invention to provide a suction roll jacket with good corrosion resistance which can be manufactured easily with cutting machining.
BESKRIVNING AV UPPFINNINGEN Uppfinnarria har överraskande funnit att ett stålmaterial av den typ som beskrivs i den ovan angivna US 2003/0172999 inte endast har en hög hållfasthet och en god korrosionsresistens utan att materialet i fråga även lärnpar sig väl för skärande bearbetning såsom svarvning, fräsning och borrning utan att materialet i fråga behandlats genom tillsatser av svavel. Uppfinnarna har vidare funnit att materialet i fråga lämpar sig särskilt väl som material i sugvalsar för pappersmaskiner och att en 10 15 20 25 30 35 sugvalsmantel med fördel kan tillverkas av ett sådant material. Uppfinningen avser därför en sugvalsmantel utförd i detta material. Uppfinningen kan även förstås som en metod fór tillverkning av sugvalsmantlar.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The inventor has surprisingly found that a steel material of the type described in the above-mentioned US 2003/0172999 not only has a high strength and a good corrosion resistance but that the material in question also learns well for cutting machining such as turning, milling and drilling without the material in question being treated by the addition of sulfur. The inventors have further found that the material in question is particularly well suited as material in suction rollers for paper machines and that a suction roller jacket can advantageously be manufactured from such a material. The invention therefore relates to a suction roll jacket made of this material. The invention can also be understood as a method for manufacturing suction coats.
Uppfinningen avser därför en sugvalsmantel med ett flertal genomgående hål. Den uppfinningsenliga sugvalsmanteln är gjord av ett ferrit-austeriitiskt rostfi-itt stål med en mikrostruktttr som väsentligen består av 35-65 volymprocent ferrit och 35 - 65 volymprocent austenit. Sarnmansättriingen av stålet kommer att beskrivas mer i detalj i den detaljerade beskrivningsdelen.The invention therefore refers to a suction roll jacket with a number of through holes. The suction roller jacket according to the invention is made of a ferrite-austerity stainless steel with a microstructure which essentially consists of 35-65% by volume of ferrite and 35-65% by volume of austenite. The assembly of the steel will be described in more detail in the detailed description section.
Uppfinningen avser även en sugvals som innefattar den uppfinningsenliga sugvals- manteln.The invention also refers to a suction roller which comprises the suction roller jacket suitable for recovery.
Den skärande bearbetningen innefattar i en föredragen utföringsform borrning av åtminstone ett genomgående häl och företrädesvis borrning av ett flertal hål. I en särskilt fördelaktig utföringsfonn innefattar förfarandet borrning av 100 000-tals hål. En motsvarande borrad längd uppgår till ett flertal kilometer. Den skärande bearbetningen kan även innefatta svarvning av ytter- och inneryta hos manteln.The cutting operation comprises in a preferred embodiment drilling of at least one continuous heel and preferably drilling of a number of holes. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the method comprises drilling 100,000s of holes. A corresponding drilled length amounts to about kilometer about kilometers. The cutting machining may also involve turning the outer and inner surface of the jacket.
KORT FIGURBESKRIVNING Fig. l visar bockning av ett ämne till en sugvalsmantel Fig. 2 visar ett ämne som bockats och svetsats ihop för att bilda en mantel.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows the bending of a blank into a suction roll jacket. Fig. 2 shows a blank which has been bent and welded together to form a jacket.
Fig. 3 visar schematiskt ett första bearbetningssteg för den i Fig. 2 visade manteln.Fig. 3 schematically shows a first processing step for the jacket shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 visar schematiskt ett andra bearbetningssteg för manteln.Fig. 4 schematically shows a second processing step for the jacket.
Fig. 5 visar en färdig sugvalsmantel.Fig. 5 shows a finished suction roll jacket.
Fig. 6 - 9 visar resultatet av jämförande försök där det stål som används i den nu föreliggande uppfinningen jämförs med andra stål med avseende på skärbarhet.Figs. 6 - 9 show the results of comparative experiments where the steel used in the present invention is compared with other steels with respect to machinability.
DETALJERAD BESKRIVNING AV UPPFINNINGEN.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
I det följ ande visas tillverkningen av sugvalsmantlar schematiskt. Med hänvisning till Fig. 1 visas ett första steg vid tillverkning av en sugvalsmantel. Som visas i Fig. 1 rullbockas ett väsentligen plant ämne 1 mellan två valsar 2, 3 på i och för sig känt sätt som ej behöver beskrivas närmare här. Efter bockning till väsentligen rund form svetsas ändarna av ämnet 1 ihop så att en svetsfog 4 sammanbinder änmet 1 till ett segment 9.In the following, the manufacture of suction roller jackets is shown schematically. Referring to Fig. 1, a first step in the manufacture of a suction roll jacket is shown. As shown in Fig. 1, a substantially flat blank 1 is bent between two rollers 2, 3 in a manner known per se, which need not be described in more detail here. After bending to a substantially round shape, the ends of the blank 1 are welded together so that a weld joint 4 connects the end 1 to a segment 9.
Ett flertal segment sammanfogas sedan med rundskarvar till en mantel som efier fogningen värmebehandlas. I Fig. 3 visas hur den sålunda åstadkomna manteln 9 kan genomgå en bearbetningsoperation, exempelvis svarvning. I Fig. 3 visas hur ett 10 15 20 25. 30 35 528 3 755 svarvningsverktyg 5 får verka mot ytan av manteln 9. Svarvningsoperationen syfiar till att säkerställa att mantelns 9 yta blir jämn och regelbunden. IFig. 4 visas schematiskt ett nästa steg i tillverkningsprocessen där manteln 9 borras med en borr 6 så att manteln därigenom får ett antal genomgående hål 7. I Fig. 5 visas den färdiga sugvalsmanteln 8 med sin cirkulärcylindriska mantel 9 och dess genomgående hål 7. I Fig. 5 visas även schematiskt att sugvalsmanteln 8 kan vara tillsluten vid sina ändar med hjälp av gavlar 10. Vid användning av sugvalsmanteln 8 kommer dess innandöme att vara anslutet till en källa till undertryck (ej visad) så att luft sugs utifrån och inåt genom de genomgående hålen 7. I figurema visas endast ett fåtal hål. Det skall dock inses att antalet hål i realistiska tillämpningar kan vara mycket stort, 100 000 hål eller fler.A number of segments are then joined together with round joints to form a sheath which is heat treated for the joint. Fig. 3 shows how the jacket 9 thus obtained can undergo a machining operation, for example turning. Fig. 3 shows how a turning tool 5 may act against the surface of the jacket 9. The turning operation sews to ensure that the surface of the jacket 9 becomes smooth and regular. IFig. Fig. 4 schematically shows a next step in the manufacturing process where the jacket 9 is drilled with a drill 6 so that the jacket thereby has a number of through holes 7. In Fig. 5 the finished suction roller jacket 8 is shown with its circular-cylindrical jacket 9 and its through hole 7. In Figs. 5 also schematically shows that the suction roller jacket 8 can be closed at its ends by means of ends 10. When using the suction roller jacket 8, its interior will be connected to a source of negative pressure (not shown) so that air is sucked from outside and inside through the through holes. 7. Only a few holes are shown in the fi gures. However, it should be appreciated that the number of holes in realistic applications can be very large, 100,000 holes or fls.
För tillverkning av sugvalsmantlar har man tidigare använt ämnen av ett material som säljs under namnet 3RE60 Avesta SRG. Detta stål är ett med svavelbehandling skärbarhetsiörbättrat rostfiitt ferrit-austenitiskt stål med följande typiska sammansättning i viktprocent: C 0.02 Si 1.50 Cr 18.5 Ni 4.90 Mo 2.80 N 0.08.For the manufacture of suction roll coats, substances of a material sold under the name 3RE60 Avesta SRG have previously been used. This steel is a sulfur-treated and stainless steel ferrite-austenitic steel with the following typical composition in weight percent: C 0.02 Si 1.50 Cr 18.5 Ni 4.90 Mo 2.80 N 0.08.
S 0.02 Stålet 3RE60 har använts i ca 30 år till sugvalsmantlar med gott resultat och erhöll för drygt 10 år sedan en skärbarhetsförbättrande tillsats och namnändring till 3RE60 SRG.S 0.02 The 3RE60 steel has been used for about 30 years for suction roller coats with good results and just over 10 years ago received a cutability-improving additive and name change to 3RE60 SRG.
Numera benämns stålet 3RE60 Avesta SRG.Nowadays, the steel is called 3RE60 Avesta SRG.
Det har nu överraskande visat sig att det finns ett annat ferrit-austenitiskt stål som dessutom har hög kvävehalt som har lika god eller i vissa avseenden bättre skärbarhet än det skärbarhetslörbätuade 3RE60 Avesta SRG. Detta stål har en mikrostruktur som väsentligen består av 35 - 65 volymprocent ferrit och 35 - 65 volymprocent austeriit och har en kemisk sammansättning som innehåller i viktprocent: C 0.005 Si 0.1-2.0 Mn 3-8 Cr 19-23 Ni 0.5- I .7 N 0.15-0.3 20 25 30 kära 37s Ett för denna tillämpning särskilt lämpligt stål innehåller lämpligen: valfritt Mo och/eller W i en total halt av max 1.0 (Mo +W/2), valfiitt Cu upp till max 1.0 Cu, rest järn och föroreningar.It has now surprisingly been found that there is another ferrite-austenitic steel which also has a high nitrogen content which has as good or in some respects better machinability than the machinability sealed 3RE60 Avesta SRG. This steel has a microstructure consisting essentially of 35 - 65% by volume of ferrite and 35 - 65% by volume of austerity and has a chemical composition containing by weight: C 0.005 Si 0.1-2.0 Mn 3-8 Cr 19-23 Ni 0.5- I .7 N 0.15-0.3 20 25 30 dear 37s A steel particularly suitable for this application suitably contains: optional Mo and / or W in a total content of max 1.0 (Mo + W / 2), optional Cu up to max 1.0 Cu, residual iron and pollutants.
För ferrit- respektive austenitbildarna i legeringen, dvs. krom- och nickelekvivalenterna, skall företrädesvis gälla följ ande förhållanden: 20 < Cfekv < 24.5 10 < Niekv, där Crekv=Cr+ 1.5 Si+Mo+2Ti+0.5Nb Nick., = Ni + 0.5 Mn + 30 (C+N) + 0.5 (Cu + Co).For the ferrite and austenite formers in the alloy, ie. the chromium and nickel equivalents, should preferably apply to the following conditions: 20 <Cfequ <24.5 10 <Niekv, where Crekv = Cr + 1.5 Si + Mo + 2Ti + 0.5Nb Nick 0.5 (Cu + Co).
I en fördelaktig utföringsform innehåller stålet 0.02 - 0.05 C. Lämpligen innehåller stålet 0.18 - 0.26 N och med fördel 20 - 23 Cr. I en föredragen utföringsforni innehåller stålet 0.8 - 1.70 Ni och än mer föredraget 1.35 - 1.7 Ni.In an advantageous embodiment, the steel contains 0.02 - 0.05 C. Preferably, the steel contains 0.18 - 0.26 N and advantageously 20 - 23 Cr. In a preferred embodiment, the steel contains 0.8 - 1.70 Ni and even more preferably 1.35 - 1.7 Ni.
Ett stål med derma sammansättning finns beskrivet i publicerade US patentansökan nr. 2003/0172999.A steel with this composition is described in published U.S. patent application no. 2003/0172999.
I en särskilt fördelaktig utföringsfonn av uppfinningen innehåller stålet 0.22 N, 21.5 Cr, 1.5 Ni, 0.3 Mo, 5 Mn och högst 0.04 C. Ett sådant stål säljs av Outokumpu Stainless AB med adress Box 74, SE-774 22 AVESTA. Detta stål säljs av Outokumpu under beteckningen LDX 2 101®. Denna beteckning år ett inom den Europeiska Unionen registrerat varumärke. Ett LDX 210l® stål är alltså särskilt lämpligt för användning i en sugvalsmantel. För koppar och kisel kan en särskilt lämplig halt anges som 0.3 Cu och 0.7 Si. För LDX 210l® stål används riktvärdena 0.3 Cu och 0.7 Si (räknat i vikt- procent).In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the steel contains 0.22 N, 21.5 Cr, 1.5 Ni, 0.3 Mo, 5 Mn and a maximum of 0.04 C. Such a steel is sold by Outokumpu Stainless AB with address Box 74, SE-774 22 AVESTA. This steel is sold by Outokumpu under the name LDX 2 101®. This designation is a trademark registered within the European Union. An LDX 210l® steel is thus particularly suitable for use in a suction roll jacket. For copper and silicon, a particularly suitable content can be given as 0.3 Cu and 0.7 Si. For LDX 210l® steel, the guideline values 0.3 Cu and 0.7 Si (calculated as a percentage by weight) are used.
Stål av den ovan angivna typen innehåller en jämfört med exempelvis stålet 3RE60 Avesta SRG relativt hög andel kväve. Då det är känt att kväve brukar medföra särnre skärbarhet borde man kunna förvänta sig att skärbarheten därför var sämre. Det har dock överraskande visat sig att skärbarheten av det stål som används enligt den nu föreliggande uppfinningen är avsevärt högre än vad man förväntat sig.Steel of the above type contains a relatively high proportion of nitrogen compared with, for example, the 3RE60 Avesta SRG steel. Since it is known that nitrogen usually leads to a lower cutability, it should be possible to expect that the cutability was therefore worse. However, it has surprisingly been found that the machinability of the steel used according to the present invention is considerably higher than expected.
I Fig. 6 visas resultatet av ett jämförande prov där ett LDX 210l® stål jämförts med två andra, skärbarhetsförbättrade, austenitiska stål med beteckningen 304L PRODEC® respektive 3l6L PRODEC®. Stålet 304L PRODEC® har följande sammansättning i viktprocent: 20 25 30 35 5.218 C 0.02 Si 0.5 Mn 1.5 Cr 18.2 Ni 8.4 Mo väsentligen inget N 0.07 S 0.02 Stålet 3l6L PRODEC® har följ ande sammansättning: C 0.02 Si 0.5 Mn 1.5 Cr 17.2 Ni 11.2 Mo 2.3 N 0.05 S 0.02 Då kvävehalten i båda skärbarhetsförbättrade, austenitiska stålen 304L PRODEC® och 3 16L PRODEC® är väsentligt lägre än i LDX 2101® stål skulle man normalt väntat sig att dessa stål skulle ha bättre skärbarhet än ett LDX 2101® stål. Vid försök med svarvning visade det sig emellertid att man med ett LDX 2101® stål under en ingreppstid av 30 minuter och användning av snabbstålsverktyg ktmde ha en väsentligt högre skärhastighet än vad som var möjligt med de två andra stålen vilket framgår av Fig. 6.Fig. 6 shows the result of a comparative test where an LDX 210l® steel was compared with two other, machinability-enhanced, austenitic steels with the designation 304L PRODEC® and 3l6L PRODEC®, respectively. The steel 304L PRODEC® has the following composition in weight percent: 20 25 30 35 5.218 C 0.02 Si 0.5 Mn 1.5 Cr 18.2 Ni 8.4 Mo essentially no N 0.07 S 0.02 The steel 3l6L PRODEC® has the following composition: C 0.02 Si 0.5 Mn 1.5 Cr 17.2 Ni 11.2 Mo 2.3 N 0.05 S 0.02 As the nitrogen content of both cutability-enhanced, austenitic steels 304L PRODEC® and 3 16L PRODEC® is significantly lower than in LDX 2101® steels, it would normally be expected that these steels would have better machinability than an LDX 2101® steel. . In experiments with turning, however, it was found that with an LDX 2101® steel during an engagement time of 30 minutes and the use of high-speed steel tools, one could have a significantly higher cutting speed than was possible with the other two steels, as shown in Fig. 6.
I Fig. 7 redovisas resultatet av ytterligare ett jämförande prov mellan ett LDX 2101® stål och stålen 304L PRODEC® och 3l6L PRODEC®. I Fig. 7 redovisas ett försök med en ingreppstid av 15 minuter där svarvning gjordes med ett hårdmetallskär. Under dessa förhållanden uppnåddes en något lägre skärhastighet med ett LDX 2101® stål jämfört med de båda andra stålen. Skillnaden får dock anses marginell.Fig. 7 shows the result of another comparative test between an LDX 2101® steel and the steels 304L PRODEC® and 3l6L PRODEC®. Fig. 7 shows an experiment with an engagement time of 15 minutes where turning was done with a cemented carbide insert. Under these conditions, a slightly lower cutting speed was achieved with an LDX 2101® steel compared to the other two steels. However, the difference may be considered marginal.
IFig. 8 redovisas ytterligare ett försök där stålet LDX 2101® jämförts med ett konventionellt duplext stål som säljs under beteckningen 2205. Detta stål som är mer höglegerat än LDX 2101® är normerat (EN l.4462) och används i ett stort antal 20 25 30 35 52:38 3, s tillämpningar. Det har inga skärbarhetsíörbättrande tillsatser och används inte i denna form för sugvalsmantlar. 2205 har följande sammansättning: C 0.02 Si 0.4 Mn 1.5 Cr 22.2 Ni 5.7 Mo 3.1 N 0.17 S 0.001 Vid försöket jämfördes livslängden för verktyget vid fiäsning med hårdmetallskär. Som framgår av Fig. 8 blev verktygets livslängd avsevärt högre när det bearbetade ett LDX 210l® stål jämfört med när bearbetning skedde av stålet 2205.IFig. 8, another experiment is reported in which the steel LDX 2101® is compared with a conventional duplex steel sold under the designation 2205. This steel which is more high alloy than LDX 2101® is standardized (EN l.4462) and is used in a large number of 20 25 30 35 52:38 3, s applications. It has no cutability enhancing additives and is not used in this form for suction coats. 2205 has the following composition: C 0.02 Si 0.4 Mn 1.5 Cr 22.2 Ni 5.7 Mo 3.1 N 0.17 S 0.001 In the experiment, the service life of the tool was compared during fi machining with cemented carbide inserts. As can be seen from Fig. 8, the tool life was considerably higher when machining an LDX 210l® steel compared to when machining the steel 2205.
Slutligen redovisas ytterligare ett försök i Fig. 9. I det försök som redovisas i Fig. 9 jämfördes ett LDX 2l0l® stål med tre andra stålsorter som används till sugvalsmantlar, 2304 Avesta SRG, 3RE60 Avesta SRG och 2205 Avesta SRG. Alla stål med beteckningen SRG (Suction Roll Grade) är skärbarhetstörbättrade med svaveltillsats.Finally, another experiment is reported in Fig. 9. In the experiment reported in Fig. 9, an LDX 2l0l® steel was compared with three other steels used for suction roll jackets, 2304 Avesta SRG, 3RE60 Avesta SRG and 2205 Avesta SRG. All steels with the designation SRG (Suction Roll Grade) are cuttability enhanced with sulfur additive.
Stålet 2304 Avesta SRG har följande typiska sammansättning: C 0.02 Si 0.8 Mn 1.5 Cr 22.7 Ni 4.7 Mo 0.3 N 0.09 S 0.02 Stålet 2205 Avesta SRG har följande typiska sammansättning: C 0.017 Si 0.6 Mn 1.35 Cr 22.0 20 s2s sïz Ni 5.7 Mo 2.9 N 0.13 S 0.02 I det försök som redovisas i Fig. 9 jämförs den skärhastighet som kan uppnås för borrad längd 1000mm utan verktygshaveri i olika material. Som framgår av Fig. 9 är LDX 2101® - klart bättre än de skärbarhetstörbättrade stålen 2205 Avesta SRG och 2304 Avesta SRG och i detta avseende likvärdigt med det skärbarhetstörbättrade stålet 3RE60 Avesta SRG, detta trots att LDX 2101® innehåller väsentligt mer kväve än stålet 3RE60 Avesta SRG. Det finns en klar teknisk fördel om godskärbarhet kan uppnås utan s.k. skärbarhetsfórbättrande tillsatser såsom exempelvis svavel då. dessa nämligen innebär en del nackdelar, bl.a. sämre valsbarhet och sänkt korrosionsbeständighet.The steel 2304 Avesta SRG has the following typical composition: C 0.02 Si 0.8 Mn 1.5 Cr 22.7 Ni 4.7 Mo 0.3 N 0.09 S 0.02 The steel 2205 Avesta SRG has the following typical composition: C 0.017 Si 0.6 Mn 1.35 Cr 22.0 20 s2s sïz Ni 5.7 Mo 2.9 N 0.13 S 0.02 In the experiment reported in Fig. 9, the cutting speed that can be achieved for drilled length 1000mm without tool failure in different materials is compared. As can be seen from Fig. 9, LDX 2101® is - clearly better than the machinability-enhanced steels 2205 Avesta SRG and 2304 Avesta SRG and in this respect equivalent to the machinability-enhanced steel 3RE60 Avesta SRG, this despite the fact that LDX 2101® contains significantly more nitrogen than steel 3RE60 Avesta SRG. There is a clear technical advantage if good cutability can be achieved without so-called cutability-enhancing additives such as sulfur then. these namely entail some disadvantages, i.a. poorer rollability and reduced corrosion resistance.
Det skall förstås att även om uppfinningen beskrivits i termer av en sugvalsmantel och en metod utgör dessa endast olika aspekter av en och samma uppfinning då den uppfinningsenliga metoden är lämpad att användas för framställning av den uppfinningsenli ga sugvalsmanteln.It is to be understood that although the invention is described in terms of a suction roll jacket and a method, these constitute only different aspects of one and the same invention as the inventive method is suitable to be used for the production of the suction roll jacket which can be invented.
Genom uppfirmingen uppnås bland annat den ßrdelen att den färdiga valsmanteln får en mycket god korrosionsbeständighet.The heating achieves, among other things, the fact that the finished roll shell has a very good corrosion resistance.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (18)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0402141A SE528375C2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2004-09-07 | A suction roll sheath made of steel as well as a method for producing a suction roll sheath |
| TW094128142A TWI393788B (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-18 | Steel shell for suction rolls and method for producing steel products |
| SI200530843T SI1786975T1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| CA2584275A CA2584275C (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A method of producing a steel product |
| ES05774806T ES2333737T3 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | STEEL WRAPPER FOR SUCTION ROLLER AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF A STEEL PRODUCT. |
| CN2010101506807A CN101806009B (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | Steel shell for suction roll and method of producing steel product |
| KR1020077005421A KR20070110246A (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | Steel shell and steel product manufacturing method for suction roll |
| EA200700421A EA010540B1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| JP2007531111A JP4758430B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | Steel shell for suction roll and method for producing steel product |
| AT05774806T ATE444394T1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | STEEL COAT FOR SUCTION ROLLER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STEEL PRODUCT |
| US11/574,266 US20070248484A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | Steel Shell for a Suction Roll and a Method of Producing a Steel Product |
| EP05774806A EP1786975B1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| PCT/SE2005/001220 WO2006041344A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| DE602005016943T DE602005016943D1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | STEEL COAT FOR SUCTION ROLL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A STEEL PRODUCT |
| CN2005800300058A CN101018908B (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| BRPI0514969-0A BRPI0514969B1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF A SUCTION ROLLER |
| PL05774806T PL1786975T3 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-19 | A steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
| US14/719,760 US20150252529A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2015-05-22 | Steel shell for a suction roll and a method of producing a steel product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0402141A SE528375C2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2004-09-07 | A suction roll sheath made of steel as well as a method for producing a suction roll sheath |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| SE0402141D0 SE0402141D0 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
| SE0402141L SE0402141L (en) | 2006-03-08 |
| SE528375C2 true SE528375C2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
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| SE0402141A SE528375C2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2004-09-07 | A suction roll sheath made of steel as well as a method for producing a suction roll sheath |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20070248484A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1786975B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4758430B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20070110246A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN101018908B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE444394T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0514969B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2584275C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602005016943D1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA010540B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2333737T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1786975T3 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE528375C2 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1786975T1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI393788B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006041344A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FI125458B (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2015-10-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Stainless steel product, use of product and process for its manufacture |
| FI121340B (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-10-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Duplex stainless steel |
| CN102864386A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-09 | 陈敏 | Low-nickel stainless steel alloy material and preparation method |
| CN102864385A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-09 | 忻峰 | Low-nickel stainless steel alloy |
| CN102851618A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-02 | 徐琼 | Low nickel stainless steel alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102851602A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-02 | 徐琼 | Low nickel stainless steel alloy material |
| CN102864381A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-09 | 陈敏 | Low-nickel stainless steel alloy material |
| CN102864380A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-09 | 忻峰 | Low-nickel stainless steel alloy and preparation method thereof |
| FI125734B (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2016-01-29 | Outokumpu Oy | Duplex ferritic austenitic stainless steel |
| JP6520327B2 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2019-05-29 | 株式会社大林組 | Manufacturing method of joint fitting for segment and joint fitting for segment |
| CN110270798B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-09-29 | 福建维普斯厨卫科技有限公司 | Production process of multifunctional faucet comprising cylindrical bathroom main body |
| CN111910117B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-04-29 | 丁国旺 | Carbon and nitrogen alloying method for smelting high-strength stainless steel |
| CN113025891B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-07-22 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | Duplex stainless steel S32101 steel plate and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3111455A (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1963-11-19 | Sandusky Foundry & Machine Com | Suction roll shell and method of making same |
| US3736131A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1973-05-29 | Armco Steel Corp | Ferritic-austenitic stainless steel |
| US4832765A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1989-05-23 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Duplex alloy |
| DE69518354T2 (en) * | 1994-05-21 | 2001-04-26 | Yong Soo Park | Stainless duplex steel with high corrosion resistance |
| JPH09202943A (en) | 1996-01-25 | 1997-08-05 | Kubota Corp | High corrosion resistance, high strength and high toughness duplex stainless steel and suction roll body members for paper machines |
| JPH09256109A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-09-30 | Kubota Corp | High toughness and high corrosion fatigue strength duplex stainless steel with excellent drill workability |
| US5746891A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-05-05 | Withers; William David | Wear indicators for seal strip of a suction roll of a paper making machine |
| FR2765243B1 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-07-30 | Usinor | AUSTENOFERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH VERY LOW NICKEL AND HAVING A STRONG ELONGATION IN TRACTION |
| US6033497A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-03-07 | Sandusky International, Inc. | Pitting resistant duplex stainless steel alloy with improved machinability and method of making thereof |
| JP3621818B2 (en) | 1998-01-09 | 2005-02-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Cast stainless steel |
| FI103829B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-09-30 | Valmet Corp | Suction roll |
| JP2000248339A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-12 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic free cutting stainless steel excellent in workability and corrosion resistance |
| JP3508095B2 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2004-03-22 | 株式会社クボタ | Ferrite-austenite duplex stainless steel with excellent heat fatigue resistance, corrosion fatigue resistance, drillability, etc. and suction roll body for papermaking |
| JP3720223B2 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2005-11-24 | 株式会社クボタ | Duplex stainless steel excellent in heat fatigue resistance, corrosion fatigue resistance, drilling workability, etc. |
| SE517449C2 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-06-04 | Avesta Polarit Ab Publ | Ferrite-austenitic stainless steel |
| SE526603C3 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-11-16 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Coated cemented carbide insert |
| EP1609883B1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2017-09-20 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Coated metal cutting tool |
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2004
- 2004-09-07 SE SE0402141A patent/SE528375C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2005-08-18 TW TW094128142A patent/TWI393788B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-19 BR BRPI0514969-0A patent/BRPI0514969B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-08-19 EA EA200700421A patent/EA010540B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-19 AT AT05774806T patent/ATE444394T1/en active
- 2005-08-19 ES ES05774806T patent/ES2333737T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-08-19 KR KR1020077005421A patent/KR20070110246A/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-19 CA CA2584275A patent/CA2584275C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-08-19 WO PCT/SE2005/001220 patent/WO2006041344A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-19 SI SI200530843T patent/SI1786975T1/en unknown
- 2005-08-19 US US11/574,266 patent/US20070248484A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-19 DE DE602005016943T patent/DE602005016943D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2005-08-19 CN CN2010101506807A patent/CN101806009B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| EP1786975B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| KR20070110246A (en) | 2007-11-16 |
| CA2584275A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| CN101018908A (en) | 2007-08-15 |
| ATE444394T1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
| WO2006041344A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| EA010540B1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| TW200609363A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| SE0402141D0 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
| JP2008512579A (en) | 2008-04-24 |
| SE0402141L (en) | 2006-03-08 |
| CN101806009A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| CN101018908B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| EA200700421A1 (en) | 2007-10-26 |
| US20070248484A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| EP1786975A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| ES2333737T3 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
| US20150252529A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
| JP4758430B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| DE602005016943D1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| CN101806009B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| BRPI0514969A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
| WO2006041344A8 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| SI1786975T1 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
| PL1786975T3 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| TWI393788B (en) | 2013-04-21 |
| BRPI0514969B1 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| CA2584275C (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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