SE513110C2 - Subject matter for tools, use of a substance and method of preparation of a substance - Google Patents
Subject matter for tools, use of a substance and method of preparation of a substanceInfo
- Publication number
- SE513110C2 SE513110C2 SE9803822A SE9803822A SE513110C2 SE 513110 C2 SE513110 C2 SE 513110C2 SE 9803822 A SE9803822 A SE 9803822A SE 9803822 A SE9803822 A SE 9803822A SE 513110 C2 SE513110 C2 SE 513110C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- end portion
- hardness
- hrc
- length
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/01—End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
15 20 25 30 35 513110 2 . ett snabbstål som i vikts-% innehåller 0.5-2.7 C, 0.l-0.9 Mn, 0.1-0.9 Si, 3-6 Cr, 5-15 W . 15 20 25 30 35 513110 2. a high-speed steel which in% by weight contains 0.5-2.7 C, 0.l-0.9 Mn, 0.1-0.9 Si, 3-6 Cr, 5-15 W.
(Mo + -2-), 0-20 Co, totalt max 5 av eventuellt ytterligare förekommande legeringsämnen, rest jäm och oundvikliga föroreningar.(Mo + -2-), 0-20 Co, a total of a maximum of 5 of any additional alloying elements, residual iron and unavoidable impurities.
Vid sättet för framställning av ämnet enligt uppfinningen värmebehandlas stångens båda ändar på olika sätt så att de får ovan nämnda hårdhetsskillnad. Företrädesvis härdas det ena ändpartiet till en hårdhet av 68-75 HRC, företrädesvis till 69-73 HRC, medan det andra ändpartiet härdas till en hårdhet av 64-71 HRC, företrädesvis till mellan 65-69 HRC. Skillnaden i hårdhet kan t. ex. inställas till 2-6 HRC-enheter. Hårdhetsskillnaden kan åstadkommas därigenom att det ena ändpartiet härdas från en högre härdnings- temperatur än det andra ändpartiet, innan stången anlöps, vilket sker av stången i dess helhet, dvs så att båda ändpartierna anlöps samtidigt. Till exempel kan det ena ändpartiet uppvärmas till respektive härdningstemperatur genom nedsänkning i ett bad av t. ex. smält salt med aktuell härdningstemperatur för nänmda ändparti för att därefter avkylas till under 60°C, varefter det andra ändpartiet nedsänks i ett annat saltbad med den temperatur som är avsedd för det andra ändpartiet, varefier även detta ändparti avkyls till en temperatur under 60°C, varefter hela stången anlöps. Till exempel kan det ena härdpartiet härdas genom avkylning från en första härdningstemperatur som ligger över 1000°C, det andra ändpartiet härdas genom avkylning till under 60°C från en andra härdningstemperatur som ligger 30- l40°C över den första härdningstemperaturen, varefter hela stången anlöps vid en temperatur mellan 450 och 650°C. För att hålla reda på vilken ände som är vilken, märks ena eller båda ändama genom prägling eller på annat sätt före värmebehandling. De färdiga ämnena kan lämpligen märkas ytterligare, t ex genom olika färgmarkering av de båda ändpartiema for att användaren lätt skall se vilken ände som är hårdast och vilken som är mjukast.In the method of manufacturing the blank according to the invention, both ends of the rod are heat-treated in different ways so that they have the above-mentioned hardness difference. Preferably, one end portion is cured to a hardness of 68-75 HRC, preferably to 69-73 HRC, while the other end portion is cured to a hardness of 64-71 HRC, preferably to between 65-69 HRC. The difference in hardness can e.g. set to 2-6 HRC units. The difference in hardness can be achieved by curing one end portion from a higher curing temperature than the other end portion, before the rod is annealed, which is done by the rod as a whole, ie so that both end portions are annealed at the same time. For example, one end portion can be heated to the respective curing temperature by immersion in a bath of e.g. molten salt with the actual curing temperature for said end portion and then cooled to below 60 ° C, after which the second end portion is immersed in another salt bath at the temperature intended for the other end portion, where also this end portion is cooled to a temperature below 60 ° C , after which the whole rod was tempered. For example, one curing portion may be cured by cooling from a first curing temperature above 1000 ° C, the other end portion is cured by cooling to below 60 ° C from a second curing temperature above 30-40 ° C above the first curing temperature, after which the entire rod at a temperature between 450 and 650 ° C. To keep track of which end is which, one or both ends are marked by embossing or otherwise before heat treatment. The finished blanks can suitably be further labeled, for example by different color marking of the two end portions so that the user can easily see which end is the hardest and which is the softest.
Efier anlöpning utgörs grundmassan i stångmaterialet huvudsakligen av anlöpt martensit innehållande l0-50 vol-% av ett eller flera av de hårdämnen som tillhör gruppen karbider, nitrider och oxider. Ärnnena enligt uppfinningen har formen av raka stänger med cirkulär tvärsektion, som normalt ligger inom dimensionsområdet ø 5-50 mm. Längden kan vara 50-330 mm, varvid ämnena med de kortaste längdema typiskt även har de minsta diametrama och vice versa. 411 10 15 20 25 30 35 513 110 3 Ytterligare kännetecken och aspekter på uppfinningen ñarngår av de efterföljande patentkraven samt av följande exempel.At the time of annealing, the matrix in the bar material consists mainly of annealed martensite containing 10-50% by volume of one or more of the hard substances belonging to the group of carbides, nitrides and oxides. The boxes according to the invention have the shape of straight rods with a circular cross section, which is normally within the dimension range ø 5-50 mm. The length can be 50-330 mm, with the blanks with the shortest lengths typically also having the smallest diameters and vice versa. 411 10 15 20 25 30 35 513 110 3 Additional features and aspects of the invention are set forth in the appended claims and the following examples.
KORT FIGURBESKRIVNING I efterföljande exempel kommer att hänvisas till bifogade ntningsfigurer, av vilka Fig. 1 visar ett ämne enligt uppfinningen från sidan enligt en första utföringsforrn, Fig. 2 visar hur hårdheten varierar utmed ämnets längd, Fig. 3 visar ett exempel på en pinnfräs framställd av ämnet enligt uppfinningen, varvid ämnets hårdaste ändparti används för fräsens bearbetande del, Fig. 4 visar en pimtfräs framställd av ett likadant ämne, varvid ämnets mjukare ändparti används för fräsens bearbetande del, Fig. 5 visar ett ämne enligt uppfinningen från sidan enligt en andra utföringsforrn, och Fig. 6 visar hur hårdheten varierar utmed ämnets längd enligt denna andra utförings- form.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following examples, reference will be made to the accompanying welds, of which Fig. 1 shows a blank according to the invention from the side according to a first embodiment, Fig. 2 shows how the hardness varies along the length of the blank, Fig. 3 shows an example of a end mill made of the blank according to the invention, the hardest end portion of the blank being used for the machining part of the cutter, Fig. 4 shows a pellet cutter made of a similar blank, the softer end portion of the blank being used for the machining part of the cutter, Fig. 5 shows a blank according to the invention according to a second embodiment, and Fig. 6 shows how the hardness varies along the length of the blank according to this second embodiment.
EXEMPEL 1 Två runda stänger 1, ø 12 mm och längden 110 mm av ett känt snabbstål med vani- namnet ASP® 2060 med följande nominella sammansättning i vikts-%: 2.30 C, 0.3 Si, 0.4 Mn, 7.0 Mo, 6.5 V, 10.5 Co, rest jäm och oundvikliga föroreningar värmebehandlades på följande sätt. Stängemas ena ände 2 nedsänktes till ett djup av 45 mm, motsvarande 40 % av stångens hela längd, i ett smältabad av härdsalt med temperaturen 1 180°C.EXAMPLE 1 Two round rods 1, ø 12 mm and a length of 110 mm of a known high-speed steel with the usual name ASP® 2060 with the following nominal composition in% by weight: 2.30 C, 0.3 Si, 0.4 Mn, 7.0 Mo, 6.5 V, 10.5 Co, residual iron and unavoidable contaminants were heat treated in the following manner. One end 2 of the rods was immersed to a depth of 45 mm, corresponding to 40% of the entire length of the rod, in a melt bath of core salt with a temperature of 180 ° C.
Stängerna hölls med änden 2 nedsänkt i badet till dess änden hade helt genomvärmts, vilket tog 100 s. Därefter avkyldes stängema i etappsaltbad till ca 500°C, varefter stängema fick svalna fritt i luñ till en temperatur mellan 40 och 60°C. Samma procedur utfördes därefter med den andra stångänden 3, på de båda stängema 1, vilka nedsänktes till samma djup men i en saltsmälta med temperaturen 1l00°C, varefter stängema 1 ånyo fick svalna i etappsaltbad till ca 500°C, varefter de fick svalna fritt i luñ till mellan 60 och 40°C. Slutligen anlöptes hela stängema 1 tre gånger vid 560°C, varje gång under I h och mellan anlöpningama kyldes stängema till rumstemperatur 25°C och även efter den tredje anlöpningen. Vid hårdhetsmätningar konstaterades att det forsta ändpartiet 2 på de två stängema 1 intill en längd av 40 mm från änden 4 hade en hårdhet av ca 68 HRC, medan det andra ändpartiet 3 intill en längd av 40 mm från den andra, motsatta änden 5 hade en hårdhet av ca 66 HRC. Hårdhetsskillnaden, ö HRC, uppgick i exemplet alltså till ca 2 HRC. I området 6 mellan de två ändpartiema 2, 3 sjönk hårdheten från ca 68 HRC till ca 66 HRC från det första 2 till det andra ändpartiet 3, inkluderande en hårdhets- svacka, Fig. 2, inom det ohärdade mittpartiet. 10 20 25 30 513 110 4 Av de två stängema framställdes pinnfräsar 8, 9 av det slag som visas i Fig, 3. I det ena fallet slipades det ändparti 2, som hade en hårdhet av ca 68 HRC, och i det andra fallet slipades det andra ändpartiet, som hade en hårdhet av ca 66 HRC. I båda fallen användes de icke slipade ändpartiema, som hade en hårdhet av ca 66 HRC, respektive ca 68 HRC, som fästen for verktyget vid montering i en chuck eller annan verktygshållare i en verktygsmaskin.The rods were kept with the end 2 immersed in the bath until the end had completely warmed through, which took 100 s. After that, the rods were cooled in a stage salt bath to about 500 ° C, after which the rods fritt ck cool freely in luñ to a temperature between 40 and 60 ° C. The same procedure was then performed with the other rod end 3, on the two rods 1, which were immersed to the same depth but in a salt melt with a temperature of 100 ° C, after which the rods 1 were again allowed to cool in a stage salt bath to about 500 ° C, after which they frittck cool freely in luñ to between 60 and 40 ° C. Finally, the entire rods 1 were tempered three times at 560 ° C, each time for 1 hour and between the temperings the rods were cooled to room temperature 25 ° C and even after the third tempering. In hardness measurements it was found that the first end portion 2 of the two rods 1 adjacent to a length of 40 mm from the end 4 had a hardness of about 68 HRC, while the second end portion 3 adjacent to a length of 40 mm from the second, opposite end 5 had a hardness of about 66 HRC. The hardness difference, ö HRC, in the example thus amounted to about 2 HRC. In the region 6 between the two end portions 2, 3, the hardness decreased from about 68 HRC to about 66 HRC from the first 2 to the second end portion 3, including a hardness depression, Fig. 2, within the uncured middle portion. From the two rods, end mills 8, 9 of the type shown in Fig. 3 were made. In one case, the end portion 2, which had a hardness of about 68 HRC, was ground, and in the other case, the other end portion, which had a hardness of about 66 HRC. In both cases, the non-ground end portions, which had a hardness of about 66 HRC and about 68 HRC, respectively, were used as brackets for the tool when mounted in a chuck or other tool holder in a machine tool.
Av den ena stången framställdes en pinnfräs 8, for finbearbetning, Fig. 3, varvid det ' forsta ändpartiet 2 med hårdheten ca 68 HRC, Fig. 1 och 2, slipades till fonnen av en konventionell, bearbetande del 10, Fig. 3, medan resten bearbetades till att bilda verktygets skafi l 1. Av den andra stången framställdes en pinnfräs 9 for grovbearbet- ning, Fig. 4. Den bearbetande delen, som framställdes av det mjukare partiet 3 med hårdheten ca 66 HRC har betecknats 12, medan skaftet 13 framställdes av det hårdare, forsta partiet 2.From one rod a end mill 8 was made for processing, Fig. 3, the first end portion 2 having a hardness of about 68 HRC, Figs. 1 and 2, being ground to the mold by a conventional machining part 10, Fig. 3, while the remainder was machined to form the shell of the tool fi l 1. From the second rod a end mill 9 was produced for roughing, Fig. 4. The machining part, which was made from the softer part 3 with a hardness of about 66 HRC, has been denoted 12, while the shaft 13 was produced by the harder, first party 2.
EXEMPEL 2 Två ytterligare stänger l' av identiskt samma slag som i Exempel 1 värmebehandlades på foljande sätt. Stängernas 1' ena ände 2' nedsänktes till ett djup av 75 mm, motsvarande 68 % av stångens hela längd, i ett smältabad av härdsalt med temperaturen l180°C och hölls på samma sätt som i Exempel l nedsänkta i 100 s. Däreñer avkyldes stängema 1' på samma sätt som i Exempel 1. Samma procedur utfördes därefier med den andra stångänden 3', dvs stängema nedsänktes även i detta fall till ett djup av 75 mm i en saltsmälta med temperaturen ll00°C, varefier stängema ånyo fick svalna på samma sätt som enligt Exempel 1. Ett centralt överlappningsparti 6' härdades med andra ord två gånger, forst från en högre härdningstemperatur, ll80°C, och därefter från en lägre härdningstemperatur, 1lO0°C. Slutligen anlöptes stängema l' på samma sätt som i Exempel l. Som resultat fick man i ytterpartiema de ungefärliga hårdheterna 68 HRC resp 66 HRC, medan mellanpartiet 6' visade en mer successiv övergång mellan de två hårdhetslägena, Fig. 6. Av det härdade och anlöpta ämnet kan samma typ av pinnfräsar eller andra verktyg framställas som enligt Exempel l.EXAMPLE 2 Two further rods 1 'of identical type as in Example 1 were heat treated in the following manner. One end 2 'of the rods 1' was immersed to a depth of 75 mm, corresponding to 68% of the entire length of the rod, in a molten bath of core salt at a temperature of 180 ° C and kept in the same manner as in Example 1 immersed for 100 s. 1 'in the same way as in Example 1. The same procedure was performed there with the other rod end 3', ie the rods were also immersed in this case to a depth of 75 mm in a salt melt with the temperature ll00 ° C, where the rods were again cooled on the same in the manner of Example 1. In other words, a central overlap portion 6 'was cured twice, first from a higher cure temperature, 111 ° C, and then from a lower cure temperature, 110 ° C. Finally, the rods 1 'were tempered in the same way as in Example 1. As a result, the approximate hardnesses 68 HRC and 66 HRC, respectively, were seen in the outer portions, while the intermediate portion 6' showed a more gradual transition between the two hardness positions, Fig. 6. tempered blank, the same type of end mills or other tools can be produced as according to Example 1.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9803822A SE513110C2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Subject matter for tools, use of a substance and method of preparation of a substance |
| PCT/SE1999/001939 WO2000027578A1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-10-27 | Tool blank, use and manufacturing |
| TW88119204A TW426564B (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-04 | Tool blank, use of a blank, and method relating to the manufacturing of a blank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9803822A SE513110C2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Subject matter for tools, use of a substance and method of preparation of a substance |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE9803822D0 SE9803822D0 (en) | 1998-11-09 |
| SE9803822L SE9803822L (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| SE513110C2 true SE513110C2 (en) | 2000-07-10 |
Family
ID=20413220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9803822A SE513110C2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Subject matter for tools, use of a substance and method of preparation of a substance |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE513110C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW426564B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000027578A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20303601U1 (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2003-05-08 | Quanz, Reiner, 42859 Remscheid | drilling |
| JP7152119B2 (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2022-10-12 | 株式会社不二越 | Friction stir welding tool |
| CN112760459A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 宜兴市鼎锋模具制造有限公司 | High-speed steel tool and tungsten adding method thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4131491A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1978-12-26 | Fmc Corporation | Torsion bar and method of forming the same |
| JPH07106503B2 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1995-11-15 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Manufacturing method of solid end mill |
| JPH01153230A (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1989-06-15 | Yoshinobu Kobayashi | Manufacture of carbide tool |
| JPH01153229A (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1989-06-15 | Yoshinobu Kobayashi | Method for producing sintered hard alloy tool |
-
1998
- 1998-11-09 SE SE9803822A patent/SE513110C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-10-27 WO PCT/SE1999/001939 patent/WO2000027578A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-04 TW TW88119204A patent/TW426564B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW426564B (en) | 2001-03-21 |
| SE9803822D0 (en) | 1998-11-09 |
| SE9803822L (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| WO2000027578A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
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