SE507997C2 - Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit - Google Patents

Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit

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Publication number
SE507997C2
SE507997C2 SE9603968A SE9603968A SE507997C2 SE 507997 C2 SE507997 C2 SE 507997C2 SE 9603968 A SE9603968 A SE 9603968A SE 9603968 A SE9603968 A SE 9603968A SE 507997 C2 SE507997 C2 SE 507997C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
gas
kdn
boron
fuel
weight
Prior art date
Application number
SE9603968A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE9603968D0 (en
SE9603968L (en
Inventor
Per Sjoeberg
Staffan Carlsson
Original Assignee
Bofors Explosives Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bofors Explosives Ab filed Critical Bofors Explosives Ab
Priority to SE9603968A priority Critical patent/SE507997C2/en
Publication of SE9603968D0 publication Critical patent/SE9603968D0/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/001787 priority patent/WO1998018743A1/en
Publication of SE9603968L publication Critical patent/SE9603968L/en
Publication of SE507997C2 publication Critical patent/SE507997C2/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06DMEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/04Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a gas-emitting substance which is suitable for use in gas generators in different types of motor vehicle airbags and which can also be used as a more general pyrotechnic charge. The main feature of the invention is the use of potassium dinitramide (KDN) as an oxidizing agent, combined with a suitable fuel such as boron, zirconium or titanium.

Description

507 997 4 I USA-patentet 5.324.075 föreslås användningen av en i krockkuddesam- manhang ny produkt i form av en ammoniumdinitramid, i fortsättningen benämnd ADN, med den generella formeln NH+ N / N02 4 \ N02 Denna förening ingår i en relativt ny grupp av N,N-dinitramidsalter som finns närmare beskriven i USA-patentet 5.254.324 (= EP 487 693). Patentet ifråga avser närmast den generella produkten i form av ett N,N-dinitramid- salt med formeln X4- M Q>X vari M är antingen en en-, två- eller trevärd metallkatjon i vilket fall x har värdet 1, 2 eller 3 eller en kväveinnehållande katjon innehållande 1-8 kväveatomer och med den katjoniska laddningen x, där x är ett heltal. Dess- utom beskrivs i detta patent ett sätt att framställa föreningar av denna typ. I den allmänna texten samt i samband med exemplen anges att N,N-dinitr- amidsalter av denna typ skulle vara speciellt lämpliga som raketclrivmedel där de sägs kunna ersätta de idag använda perkloratföreningarna i och med att de i detta sammanhang speciellt uppvisar den goda egenskapen att de inte innehåller något klor. 507,997 4 U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,075 proposes the use of a new product in the context of an airbag in the form of an ammonium dinitramide, hereinafter referred to as ADN, with the general formula NH + N / NO2 4 \ N02. of N, N-dinitramide salts which are further described in U.S. Patent 5,254,324 (= EP 487,693). The patent in question most closely relates to the general product in the form of an N, N-dinitramide salt of the formula X4-MQ> X wherein M is either a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal cation in which case x has the value 1, 2 or 3 or a nitrogen-containing cation containing 1-8 nitrogen atoms and having the cationic charge x, where x is an integer. In addition, this patent describes a method of preparing compounds of this type. In the general text and in connection with the examples it is stated that N, N-dinitramide salts of this type would be particularly suitable as rocket cleaners where they are said to be able to replace the perchlorate compounds currently used in that in this context they especially show the good property that they do not contain any chlorine.

I de bägge USA-patenten 5.198.204 och 5.415.852 beskrivs vidare andra sätt att framställa dessa N,N-dinitramider.The two U.S. Patents 5,198,204 and 5,415,852 further describe other methods of preparing these N, N-dinitramides.

Den i det tidigare nämnda USA-patentet 5.324.075 för användning som gas- avgivare i krockkuddegasgeneratorer föreslagna nitrarníden ADN har emel- lertid de nackdelarna att den för det första har en så pass låg smältpunkt som ca 92°C samt för det andra att den precis som de ävenledes tidigare nämnda för samma ändamål använda produkterna oktogen, hexogen och dubbelbaskrut är klassade som explosivämnen, vilka dessutom i sig själva är relativt lättbrisanta.However, the nitride ADN proposed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 5,324,075 for use as a gas emitter in airbag gas generators has the disadvantages that it firstly has a melting point as low as about 92 ° C and secondly that it just as the products also used for the same purpose also mentioned above for the same purpose, octogen, hexogen and double base powder are classified as explosives, which in addition are in themselves relatively easily explosive.

Som ett led i vår strävan att få fram en lämplig gasavgivande substans för krockkuddegasgeneratorer, som inte innehöll någon explosivämnesklassad SÛ7 997 grundsubstans, kom vi att inrikta oss på att försöka ta fram en ersättare för kaliumnitratet (KNO3) eller ännu hellre för den som oxidationsmedel väsentligt starkare kaliumperkloraten (KClO4). Huvudinriktningen blev därvid att försöka hitta en lämplig oxídator som ej avgav icke önskvärda och/ eller giftiga substanser såsom klor och som tillsammans med ett lämp- ligt bränsle t ex bor, zirkonium, titan eller motsvarande skulle ge en tillräck- ligt snabb och mängdmässigt acceptabel gasavgivning utan tillskott av giftiga substanser.As part of our effort to obtain a suitable gas-emitting substance for airbag gas generators, which did not contain any explosive-grade SÛ7 997 element, we decided to try to develop a substitute for potassium nitrate (KNO3) or even better for it as an oxidizing agent. stronger potassium perchlorate (KClO4). The main focus was to try to find a suitable oxidizer which did not emit undesirable and / or toxic substances such as chlorine and which together with a suitable fuel such as boron, zirconium, titanium or the like would give a sufficiently rapid and quantitatively acceptable gas release. without the addition of toxic substances.

Vi har nu funnit en substans som uppfyller våra krav i det NN-dinitramid- salt vars generella formel är MX* 2>x och där föreningens metallkatjon M utgörs av kalium och där x = 1.We have now found a substance that meets our requirements in the NN-dinitramide salt whose general formula is MX * 2> x and where the compound's metal cation M consists of potassium and where x = 1.

Rent generellt måste detta synnerligen speciella i fortsättningen som KDN benämnda kaliumsalt som kemisk förening anses vara tidigare känt genom att kalium finns med i uppräkningen av tänkbara metallkatjoner i det NN-dinitramidsalt som beskrivs i USA-patentet 5,254,324. I detta patent finns dock ingen antydan om att det av de däri aktualiserade dinitramid- salterna med kalium som katjon skulle kunna ha någon speciell använd- ning. Snarare utgör den i patentet gjorda uppräkningen just av metallkat- joner en ren uppräkning av alla i detta sammanhang teoretiskt tänkbara katjoner.In general, this must be particularly special in the future as the KDN termed potassium salt as a chemical compound is considered to be previously known in that potassium is included in the list of possible metal cations in the NN dinitramide salt described in U.S. Patent 5,254,324. In this patent, however, there is no indication that any of the dinitramide salts disclosed therein with potassium as cation could have any particular use. Rather, the enumeration of metal cations made in the patent constitutes a pure enumeration of all cations theoretically conceivable in this context.

KDN finns dessutom omnämnt i PCT / SE96/ 00976 som beskriver andra metoder att framställa ADN än de tidigare nämnda USA-patenten och där KDN utgör en mellanprodukt vid framställningen av ADN.KDN is also mentioned in PCT / SE96 / 00976 which describes other methods of producing ADN than the previously mentioned US patents and where KDN constitutes an intermediate product in the production of ADN.

KDN har visat sig vara ett kraftigt oxidationsmedel som tillsammans med lämpligt bränsle t ex bor och eventuellt bindemedel ger ett klart bättre och snabbare tillskott av gasformiga produkter än motsvarande tidigare använ- da blandningar med kaliumnitrat som oxidationsmedel.KDN has proven to be a strong oxidizing agent which, together with suitable fuel, such as boron and any binder, provides a clearly better and faster addition of gaseous products than the corresponding previously used mixtures with potassium nitrate as oxidizing agent.

Ett synnerligen enkelt jämförande försök genomfört i en med tryckgivare försedd standardbomb visade sålunda att en första blandning med kalium- 507 997 t nitrat som oxidationsmedel gav ett maxtryck om ca 38 bar medan samma sats men med KDN som oxidationsmedel gav 58 bar. Som bränsle utnyttja- des i båda fallen stokiometriska mängder bor.A very simple comparative experiment carried out in a standard bomb equipped with a pressure sensor thus showed that a first mixture with potassium 507 997 t nitrate as oxidizing agent gave a maximum pressure of about 38 bar while the same batch but with KDN as oxidizing agent gave 58 bar. In both cases, stoichiometric amounts of boron were used as fuel.

KDN är vidare ett renodlat oxidationsmedel och inte i likhet med de tidi- gare nämnda HMX, RDX och ADN något sprängämne. Det kan således ej fås att detonera genom t ex ett slaghammarprov. Det har dessutom en smält- punkt som ligger på ett tillräckligt avstånd från dagens krockkuddenorm om 107°C vid 400 timmar. KDN :s smältpunkt ligger på ca 120°C.KDN is furthermore a pure oxidizing agent and not, like the previously mentioned HMX, RDX and ADN, any explosive. It can thus not be made to detonate by, for example, a hammer test. It also has a melting point that is at a sufficient distance from today's airbag norm of 107 ° C at 400 hours. The melting point of KDN is about 120 ° C.

Rent generellt kan det anses att KDN tillsammans med ett lämpligt bränsle och då i första hand bor även ger en bra mera generell pyrosats.In general, it can be considered that KDN together with a suitable fuel and then in the first place live also gives a good more general pyrosate.

För såväl användningen i gasgeneratorer för airbagsaggregat som för an- vändning som en mer generell pyrosats torde man kunna anse att en bra standardblandning bör innehålla 18-27 vikts-% bor 0- 6 vikts-% med övriga produkter kompatibelt brännbart bindemedel t ex en akrylat samt rest KDN och gängse föroreningar.For both the use in gas generators for airbag units and for use as a more general pyrosate, it should be considered that a good standard mixture should contain 18-27% by weight of boron 0-6% by weight with other products compatible flammable binder such as an acrylate and residual KDN and common contaminants.

Om man för pyroändamål önskar öka utbudet av glödande partiklar så utnyttjar man en sammansättning innehållande ett större eller mindre överskott av i varje särskilt fall aktuellt bränsle.If you want to increase the supply of glowing particles for pyro purposes, you use a composition containing a larger or smaller excess of fuel in each particular case.

Uppfinningen har definierats i de efterföljande patentkraven.The invention has been defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

5 507 997 PATENTKRAV5,507,997 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Gasavgivande substans för gasgeneratorer för bilkrockkuddar, säkerhets- bältessträckare och andra för sin funktion gasdrivna aktiva fordonspassage- rarskydd k ä n n e t e c k n a d d ä r a v att däri ingående oxidationsmedel utgöres av kaliumdinitramid (KDN) som tillsammans med ett lämpligt bränsle såsom bor, zirkonium, titan eller motsvarande vid substansens förbränning svarar för de därvid bildade förbränningsgaserna.A gas-releasing substance for gas generators for car airbags, seat belt tensioners and other gas-powered active vehicle-passenger protection functions characterized in that the oxidizing agent contained therein is potassium dinitramide (KDN) which together with a suitable fuel such as boron, zirconium or zirconium corresponding to the combustion of the substance is responsible for the combustion gases formed thereby. 2. Gasavgivande substans enligt krav 1 k ä n n e t e c k n a d d ä r a v att den innefattar 18-27 vikts-% bor O-6 vikts-% brännbart bindemedel rest KDN + normala halter föroreningarGas-releasing substance according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 18-27% by weight of boron O-6% by weight of combustible binder residues KDN + normal levels of impurities 3. Gasavgivande substans enligt krav 1 eller 2 k ä ne te c k n a d d ä r - a v att för dess initiering utnyttjas en konventionell el-tändare.A gas-emitting substance according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a conventional electric lighter is used for its initiation. 4. Pyroteknisk sats k ä n n e t e c k n a d d ä r a v att den som oxidations- medel innefattar kaliumdinitrarnid (KDN) kombinerat med bränsle i form av en finfördelad metall såsom bor, titan, zirkonium eller motsvarande samt eventuellt ett bindemedel.4. A pyrotechnic kit is characterized in that it comprises as an oxidizing agent potassium dinitride (KDN) combined with fuel in the form of a finely divided metal such as boron, titanium, zirconium or the like and optionally a binder. 5. Pyroteknisk sats enligt krav 4 k ä n n e t e c k n a d d ä r a v att däri in-går 18-27 vikts-% bränsle såsom bor 0-6 vikts-% brännbart bindemedel rest KDN + normala halter föroreningarPyrotechnic kit according to Claim 4, characterized in that it contains 18-27% by weight of fuel such as boron 0-6% by weight of combustible binder residual KDN + normal levels of impurities. 6. Pyroteknisk sats enligt krav 4 k ä n n e t e c k n a d d ä r a v att nämnda bränsle ingår i ett stökiometriskt överskott.A pyrotechnic kit according to claim 4, characterized in that said fuel is included in a stoichiometric excess.
SE9603968A 1996-10-31 1996-10-31 Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit SE507997C2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9603968A SE507997C2 (en) 1996-10-31 1996-10-31 Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit
PCT/SE1997/001787 WO1998018743A1 (en) 1996-10-31 1997-10-27 Gas-emitting substance

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9603968A SE507997C2 (en) 1996-10-31 1996-10-31 Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE9603968D0 SE9603968D0 (en) 1996-10-31
SE9603968L SE9603968L (en) 1998-05-01
SE507997C2 true SE507997C2 (en) 1998-08-10

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ID=20404428

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE9603968A SE507997C2 (en) 1996-10-31 1996-10-31 Gas emitting substance and pyrotechnic kit

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE507997C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998018743A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4931112A (en) * 1989-11-20 1990-06-05 Morton International, Inc. Gas generating compositions containing nitrotriazalone
SE470480B (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-05-24 Bofors Explosives Ab Fuel for Air bags
US5292387A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-03-08 Thiokol Corporation Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9603968D0 (en) 1996-10-31
SE9603968L (en) 1998-05-01
WO1998018743A1 (en) 1998-05-07

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