SE504792C2 - Frequency and time slot synchronization using adaptive filtering - Google Patents
Frequency and time slot synchronization using adaptive filteringInfo
- Publication number
- SE504792C2 SE504792C2 SE9202350A SE9202350A SE504792C2 SE 504792 C2 SE504792 C2 SE 504792C2 SE 9202350 A SE9202350 A SE 9202350A SE 9202350 A SE9202350 A SE 9202350A SE 504792 C2 SE504792 C2 SE 504792C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- frequency
- signals
- energy
- determining
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2675—Frequency synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
- H04B7/2681—Synchronisation of a mobile station with one base station
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
- H04L7/041—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
- H04L2007/047—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal using a sine signal or unmodulated carrier
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
504 10 15 20 25 30 35 792 2 Gränserna för nämnda FCB avbildar TDMA-strukturens tids- luckor. Ur den detekterade FCCH:n synkroniserar mobil- radiotelefonen sin lokaloscillatorfrekvens och sina tids- luckegränser med basstationens med hjälp av frekvenskorri- geringsskuren i FCCH-tidsluckan. 504 10 15 20 25 30 35 792 2 The boundaries of the FCB depict the time slots of the TDMA structure. From the detected FCCH, the mobile radio telephone synchronizes its local oscillator frequency and its time slot limits with those of the base station using the frequency correction burst in the FCCH time slot.
Eftersom skuren är relativt kort måste mobilen finna den i dataströmmen och synkronisera sig med den under denna korta period. Detta är ett resulterande behov för en process som kan detektera närvaron av och gränserna hos FCB:n mycket snabbt och beräkna frekvensavvikelsen mycket noggrant, t o m när signaler mottas i närvaron av brus.Since the cut is relatively short, the mobile must find it in the data stream and synchronize with it during this short period. This is a resulting need for a process that can detect the presence and limits of the FCB very quickly and calculate the frequency deviation very accurately, even when signals are received in the presence of noise.
Synkroniseringsprocessen enligt föreliggande uppfin- ning utgörs av stegen att filtrera en mottagen signal med adaptiva filtreringsorgan, lagra denna signal i minnesor- gan, och bestämma om frekvenskorrigeringstonen är närva- rande (detekteringsprocessen). Denna upprättar även grän- serna för TDMA-tidsluckorna. När denna frekvenskorrige- ringston är närvarande; filtrera den lagrade signalen och bestämma skillnaden mellan denna filtrerade signals frek- vens och 67,5 kHz (processen för beräkning av bärfrekvens- avvikelsen).The synchronization process according to the present invention consists of the steps of filtering a received signal with adaptive filtering means, storing this signal in the memory means, and determining whether the frequency correction tone is present (the detection process). This also sets the limits for the TDMA time slots. When this frequency correction tone is present; filter the stored signal and determine the difference between the frequency of this filtered signal and 67.5 kHz (the process for calculating the carrier frequency deviation).
Fig l visar ett blockschema över processen enligt föreliggande uppfinning.Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the process according to the present invention.
Fig 2 visar formatet för TDMA-sändningsstyrkanalen med flera ramar.Fig. 2 shows the format of the TDMA transmission control channel with several frames.
Fig 3 visar en typisk radiotelefon, som utnyttjar processen enligt av TDMA-typ.Fig. 3 shows a typical radiotelephone using the TDMA-type process.
Processen enligt föreliggande uppfinning ger snabb uppfinningen, för användning i ett system frekvens- och tidsluckesynkronisering mellan en mobilra- diotelefon och basstationen med vilken den kommunicerar.The process of the present invention quickly provides the invention, for use in a system of frequency and time slot synchronization between a mobile radio telephone and the base station with which it communicates.
Detta åstadkommes genom detektering av närvaron av och gränserna för frekvenskorrigeringsskuren och bestämning av frekvensen för denna basbandston.This is accomplished by detecting the presence and limits of the frequency correction burst and determining the frequency of this baseband tone.
Den föredragna utföringsformen av processen enligt uppfinningen àskàdliggörs i fig 1. Insignalen till denna process är en av tvà basbandskvadratursignaler, I- eller 10 15 20 25 30 35 504 792 3 Q-dataströmmen, som samplas med ett sampel per bit, fràn radiotelefonens mottagare. Denna signal, som betecknas xn i fig 1, filtreras först av ett andra ordningens bandpass- filter 101 med oändligt pulssvar (IIR). Både förstärkning- en och polerna hos detta filter är adaptiva. Förstärkning- en inställs i avsikt att upprätthålla i stort sett enhets- förstärkning genom filtret, dvs utsignalens energi är lika med insignalens energi. Filtrets pol förflyttas så att filtrets band omfattar den mottagna signalen. Utsignalen fràn filtret betecknas yn. Filtreringen utförs enligt följande: 2 m1 = bf. :m1 + an vn + <- fo) Yn-1 Insignalens energi och den filtrerade signalens energi beräknas sedan i energiberäkningsblock 103 och 104.The preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1. The input signal for this process is one of two baseband quadrature signals, the I or the Q data stream, which is sampled with one sample per bit, from the receiver of the radiotelephone. This signal, designated xn in Fig. 1, is first filtered by a second order bandpass filter 101 with infinite pulse response (IIR). Both the gain and the poles of this filter are adaptive. The gain is set with the intention of maintaining substantially unit gain through the filter, ie the energy of the output signal is equal to the energy of the input signal. The pole of the filter is moved so that the band of the filter comprises the received signal. The output signal from the filter is denoted in. The filtration is performed as follows: 2 m1 = bf. : m1 + an vn + <- fo) Yn-1 The energy of the input signal and the energy of the filtered signal are then calculated in energy calculation blocks 103 and 104.
Beräkningen av insignalens energi görs enligt följande: 2 E(x),,,1 =(1-a,)E(x>,, + Ge Xn+1 Beräkningen av den filtrerade signalens energi görs enligt följande: É(y)n+1 =(1-C1¿)Éyn + a, yírl där ae är energianpassningskoefficienten som sätts till 0,091 för beräkningsoperationerna.The calculation of the input signal energy is done as follows: 2 E (x) ,,, 1 = (1-a,) E (x> ,, + Ge Xn + 1 The calculation of the energy of the filtered signal is done as follows: É (y) n +1 = (1-C1¿) Éyn + a, yírl where ae is the energy adaptation coefficient set to 0.091 for the calculation operations.
Insignal- och utsignalenergierna E(x)n+1 och E(y)n+l jämförs i ett förstärkningsanpassningsblock 105 och filt- rets förstärkning anpassas till att matcha insignalens och den filtrerade signalens energier. Denna anpassade för- stärkning àterförs sedan till filtret. Denna jämförelse och anpassning utförs enligt följande: gn-l = ¶E(x)n+l/E(y)n+l v bn-l = bn (1 + mb (gn+1'1)) där bn+l är det adaptiva filtrets förstärkning och ab är 504 10 15 20 25 30 35 792 4 där bn+1 är det adaptiva filtrets förstärkning och db är förstärkningsanpassningskoefficienten som sätts till 0,077 för förstärkningsanpassningsoperationen.The input signal and output signal energies E (x) n + 1 and E (y) n + 1 are compared in a gain matching block 105 and the gain of the filter is adjusted to match the energies of the input signal and the filtered signal. This custom gain is then returned to the filter. This comparison and adjustment is performed as follows: gn-l = ¶E (x) n + l / E (y) n + lv bn-l = bn (1 + mb (gn + 1'1)) where bn + 1 is the gain of the adaptive filter and ab is 504 where bn + 1 is the gain of the adaptive filter and db is the gain adjustment coefficient which is set to 0.077 for the gain adjustment operation.
Polanpassningsblocket 102 beräknar den filtrerade signalens ögonblicksfrekvens. Det adaptiva filtrets pol anpassas mot denna frekvens och den nya polplaceringen àterkopplas till filtret 101. Denna operation görs enligt följande: :f o1s Buona) me..The pole matching block 102 calculates the instantaneous frequency of the filtered signal. The pole of the adaptive filter is adapted to this frequency and the new pole position is fed back to the filter 101. This operation is performed as follows:: f o1s Buona) me ..
IH |2yn| > |Yn-1+Yn+1| 3 fifl 6n+1 = (Yn-l + Yn-»fi f (Yu) ana :av an* (lraphen-v-l man End! där Sn är en beräknad ögonblickspol och ap är polanpass- som sätts till 0,083 för polanpass- ningsoperationen. När det adaptiva filtret spàrar en ren ningskoefficienten, ton, såsom i frekvenskorrigeringsskuren, ligger insigna- lens hela energi i bandpassfiltrets band. Enhetsförstärk- ning kan således nås genom filtret 101 med det lägsta vär- det pá filterförstärkningen. Detta förhållande kontrolle- ras för att bestämma den ögonblickliga närvaron av en ton i tondetekteringsblocket 106. Om gn+1 tröskel 1,2 och bn+1 är mindre än en tröskel f(an) är är mindre än en tonen närvarande.IH | 2yn | > | In-1 + In + 1 | 3 fifl 6n + 1 = (Yn-l + Yn- »fi f (Yu) ana: av an * (lraphen-vl man End! Where Sn is a calculated instant coil and ap is pole match- which is set to 0.083 for the pole match operation When the adaptive filter tracks a purification coefficient, ton, as in the frequency correction burst, the entire energy of the signal lies in the bandpass filter band, so unit gain can be achieved through the filter 101 with the lowest value of the filter gain. determining the instantaneous presence of a tone in the tone detection block 106. If gn + 1 threshold 1,2 and bn + 1 are less than a threshold f (an), less than one tone is present.
Ett timerblock 107 mäter längden av tiden under vil- ken tonen består. Om denna ton finns under åtminstone 100 sampel i den föredragna utföringsformen har frekvenskorri- geringsskurens närvaro verifierats. Denna integrering hindrar algoritmen fràn att falskt detektera en signal som under korta perioder kan uppträda som en smalbandig sig- nal.A timer block 107 measures the length of time during which the tone consists. If this tone is present for at least 100 samples in the preferred embodiment, the presence of the frequency correction burst has been verified. This integration prevents the algorithm from falsely detecting a signal that can appear as a narrowband signal for short periods.
Signalen xn, som är insignal till filtret 101, lagras även i en skiftregisterbuffert 108. När det en gång har 10 15 20 25 30 35 504 792 5 bestämts att denna lagrade signal är fekvenskorrigerings- skuren inmatas signalen från bufferten 108 till bandpass- filtret 101 igen under användning av optimala koefficien- ter a* och b*, som bestäms under detekteringsprocessen.The signal xn, which is an input signal to the filter 101, is also stored in a shift register buffer 108. Once it has been determined that this stored signal is the frequency correction cut, the signal from the buffer 108 is input to the bandpass filter 101. again using optimal coefficients a * and b *, which are determined during the detection process.
Eftersom filtrets 101 passband nu är inställt på frekvens- korrigeringsskurens frekvens, efter anpassningen ovan, släpper det förbi denna signal utan dämpning och filtrerar ut bakgrundsbruset, varvid det således förbättrar det ef- fektiva signal-brusförhállandet. _ 2 Ym-l = b' xn+1 4' a yn + (_ 1.0) yli-l Den filtrerade signalen yn behandlas därefter med användning av en minstakvadratfels-estimeringsprooess för alstring av ett frekvensestimat q* av basbandstonen.Since the passband of the filter 101 is now set to the frequency of the frequency correction burst, after the above adjustment, it passes this signal without attenuation and filters out the background noise, thus improving the effective signal-to-noise ratio. _ 2 Ym-1 = b 'xn + 1 4' a yn + (_ 1.0) yli-l The filtered signal yn is then processed using a least squares error estimation process to generate a frequency estimate q * of the baseband tone.
Skillnaden mellan q* och p/2(67,5 kHz) är frekvensav- vikelsen mellan basstationens och mobilradiotelefonens bärfrekvenser. Denna matas till radiotelefonens lokal- oscillatorkrets för att kompensera för bärfrekvensav- vikelsen. Den ovan beskrivna processen utförs periodiskt för att hälla mobilradiotelefonen låst pà basstationens bärfrekvens.The difference between q * and p / 2 (67.5 kHz) is the frequency deviation between the carrier frequencies of the base station and the mobile radio telephone. This is fed to the local telephone's local oscillator circuit to compensate for the carrier frequency deviation. The process described above is performed periodically to keep the mobile radio telephone locked to the base station carrier frequency.
Ett exempel pà mottagningsdelen i en typisk mobil- radiotelefon för användning i ett TDMA-system visas i fig 3. I- och Q-avkodarblocket innehåller synkronise- ringsprocessen enligt föreliggande uppfinning som beskrivs häri. Denna typ av radiotelefon diskuteras mer detaljerat i parallellansökan US-590 415 “Interference Reduction Using an Adaptive Receiver Filter, Signal Strength, and BER Sensing“, ingiven den 28 september 1990 för Cahills räkning.An example of the receiving part of a typical mobile radio telephone for use in a TDMA system is shown in Fig. 3. The I and Q decoder blocks contain the synchronization process of the present invention described herein. This type of radiotelephone is discussed in more detail in parallel application US-590 415 "Interference Reduction Using an Adaptive Receiver Filter, Signal Strength, and BER Sensing", filed on September 28, 1990 on behalf of Cahill.
Sammanfattningsvis har en ny process visats som kom- mer att synkronisera en mobilradiotelefons lokaloscilla- torfrekvens och tidsluckepositionering med motsvarande hos den mottagna signalen från en basstation. Denna synkroni- sering uppträder i realtid och med betydligt förbättrad noggrannhet.In summary, a new process has been shown which will synchronize the local oscillator frequency and time slot positioning of a mobile radio telephone with the corresponding one of the received signal from a base station. This synchronization occurs in real time and with significantly improved accuracy.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62853590A | 1990-12-17 | 1990-12-17 | |
| PCT/US1991/009409 WO1992011706A1 (en) | 1990-12-17 | 1991-12-11 | Frequency and time slot synchronization using adaptive filtering |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE9202350L SE9202350L (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| SE9202350D0 SE9202350D0 (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| SE504792C2 true SE504792C2 (en) | 1997-04-28 |
Family
ID=24519302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9202350A SE504792C2 (en) | 1990-12-17 | 1992-08-14 | Frequency and time slot synchronization using adaptive filtering |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU636263B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2071552C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4193255C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2671248B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2256993B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL100366A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1250962B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE504792C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011706A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2709894B1 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-10-20 | Alcatel Mobile Comm France | Method for determining, by a mobile station of a cellular radiocommunication system, the type of cell to which it is attached, mobile station and base station. |
| US5761250A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-06-02 | Rockwell International Corporation | Iterative filtering frequency estimator and estimation method |
| JP3088338B2 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 2000-09-18 | 埼玉日本電気株式会社 | Wireless telephone equipment |
| DE19722219A1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Radio communication system with a fixed and a movable radio device |
| US6278699B1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2001-08-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Synchronization techniques and systems for spread spectrum radiocommunication |
| US6356608B1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2002-03-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method, apparatus, and system for determining a location of a frequency synchronization signal |
| US6473420B1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-10-29 | Harris Corporation | Wideband ranging process for frequency acquisition |
| GB2534603B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2019-07-31 | Michell Instruments Ltd | System for analysing the frequency of a signal, a method thereof and a system for measuring the relative phase between two input signals |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4317220A (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1982-02-23 | Andre Martin | Simulcast transmission system |
| US4466130A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-08-14 | Ael Microtel Limited | Two pilot frequency control for communication systems |
| DE3508069C2 (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1993-12-02 | Aeg Mobile Communication | Single-wave radio with re-adjusted transmitter frequency |
| GB8604981D0 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1986-04-09 | Mcgeehan J P | Data transmission |
| CA1288878C (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1991-09-10 | John D. Mcnicol | Timing and carrier recovery in tdma without preamable sequence |
| ATE98070T1 (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1993-12-15 | Siemens Ag | FREQUENCY REFERENCE SIGNAL DETECTION CIRCUIT. |
-
1991
- 1991-12-11 DE DE4193255A patent/DE4193255C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-11 CA CA002071552A patent/CA2071552C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-11 WO PCT/US1991/009409 patent/WO1992011706A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-12-11 GB GB9216946A patent/GB2256993B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-11 DE DE19914193255 patent/DE4193255T/de active Pending
- 1991-12-11 AU AU91692/91A patent/AU636263B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-12-13 IL IL10036691A patent/IL100366A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-17 IT ITRM910944A patent/IT1250962B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-12-17 FR FR9115662A patent/FR2671248B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-08-14 SE SE9202350A patent/SE504792C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1250962B (en) | 1995-04-24 |
| SE9202350L (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| CA2071552A1 (en) | 1992-06-18 |
| AU636263B2 (en) | 1993-04-22 |
| GB2256993B (en) | 1995-06-21 |
| CA2071552C (en) | 1997-02-25 |
| GB2256993A (en) | 1992-12-23 |
| ITRM910944A0 (en) | 1991-12-17 |
| GB9216946D0 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
| ITRM910944A1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| SE9202350D0 (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| FR2671248B1 (en) | 1994-11-04 |
| DE4193255T (en) | 1992-12-10 |
| DE4193255C2 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
| IL100366A0 (en) | 1992-09-06 |
| WO1992011706A1 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
| FR2671248A1 (en) | 1992-07-03 |
| IL100366A (en) | 1995-05-26 |
| AU9169291A (en) | 1992-07-22 |
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| NUG | Patent has lapsed |