SE460124B - SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL MASS OF LEAVES - Google Patents
SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL MASS OF LEAVESInfo
- Publication number
- SE460124B SE460124B SE8803244A SE8803244A SE460124B SE 460124 B SE460124 B SE 460124B SE 8803244 A SE8803244 A SE 8803244A SE 8803244 A SE8803244 A SE 8803244A SE 460124 B SE460124 B SE 460124B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- peroxide
- naoh
- refining
- bleaching
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
- D21C1/06—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting with alkaline reacting compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/02—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes
- D21C3/022—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes in presence of S-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/26—Multistage processes
- D21C3/266—Multistage processes the same pulping agent being used in all stages
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/16—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with per compounds
- D21C9/163—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with per compounds with peroxides
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
460 124 10 15 20 25 30 stånd på 100-200 ml CSF och att den kan blekas till en för mekanisk massa mycket hög ljushet, 82-85% ISO. Energiför- brukningen vid raffineringen blir härvid förhållandevis hög, liksom kemikalieförbrukningen vid blekningen, särskilt gäller detta mörk lövved med hög densitet som olika typer av eucalyptus. Den utrustning som erfordras för blekningen i form av anordningar för avvattning och tvättning blir omfattande. 460 124 10 15 20 25 30 stand at 100-200 ml CSF and that it can be bleached to a very high brightness for mechanical pulp, 82-85% ISO. The energy consumption during refining is relatively high, as is the chemical consumption during bleaching, especially this dark hardwood with high density as different types of eucalyptus. The equipment required for bleaching in the form of devices for dewatering and washing becomes extensive.
Föreliggande uppfinning innebär att denna utrustning kan förenklas samt att kemikalieförbrukning och el-energi- förbrukning kan minskas utan att massakvaliteten försämras.The present invention means that this equipment can be simplified and that chemical consumption and electricity energy consumption can be reduced without the pulp quality deteriorating.
Enligt uppfinningen impregneras lövveden i form av flis i ett eller tvâ steg, vid en temperatur under 8000, med 15-40 kg Na0H och 0-30 kg Na2S03 per ton massa. Där- efter utförs en raffinering under tryck varvid flisens temperatur före raffineringen inte överstiger 8008 under längre tid än 10 sek. Efterföljande blekning av massan utförs med perioxid i ett eller två steg, varvid ytter- ligare minst 15 kg Na0H satsas så att den totala mängden satsad Na0H blir 30-80 kg per ton massa. Därefter utförs raffinering av massan i ett andra steg.According to the invention, hardwood in the form of wood chips is impregnated in one or two steps, at a temperature below 8000, with 15-40 kg NaOH and 0-30 kg Na 2 SO 3 per tonne of pulp. Thereafter, a refining is carried out under pressure, the temperature of the chips before refining not exceeding 8008 for longer than 10 seconds. Subsequent bleaching of the pulp is carried out with perioxide in one or two steps, with an additional at least 15 kg NaOH being charged so that the total amount of NaOH charged is 30-80 kg per tonne of pulp. Thereafter, refining of the pulp is performed in a second step.
Uppfinningen innebär att ljushet och ljusspridnings- koefficíent hos massan maximeras, samtidigt som energi- förbrukningen vid raffineringen minimeras.The invention means that the brightness and light scattering coefficient of the pulp are maximized, at the same time as the energy consumption during refining is minimized.
Det är allmänt bekant att en hög alkalisatsning i impregneringssteget före raffinering höjer ljusabsorp- tions- och sänker ljusspridníngskoefficienterna hos massan, dvs sänker ljusheten, men förbättrar styrkan och sänker spethalten.It is generally known that a high alkali investment in the impregnation step before refining increases the light absorption and lowers the light scattering coefficients of the pulp, ie lowers the brightness, but improves the strength and lowers the tip content.
Enligt uppfinningen bestäms massans styrka av den sammanlagda alkalisatsningen i impregnerings- och perioxid- blekníngsstegen. 10 15 20 25 30 3 460 124 Enligt uppfinningen skall alkalisatsningen i impreg- neringssteget bestämmas enbart med sikte på spethalts- och fiberfördelníngstal utan hänsyn till massans styrka som erhålls genom alkalísatsníng i bleksteget, med resultat att reduktionen i ljushet och ljusspridningskoeffícient kan minimeras. Raffineringen i det andra steget görs på partiellt tvättad massa, dvs massa innehållande restalkali och restperoxíd från blekningen, för att energibehovet vid raffineringen skall minimeras och för att raffinerings- steget skall kunna utnyttjas som ett tredje bleksteg genom- fört vid mycket hög temperatur, varigenom högsta ljushet skall kunna erhållas med viss peroxidsatsning. Den totala peroxidsatsningen vid blekningen bör vara 30-50 kg peroxid per ton massa, företrädesvis 30-40 kg för ljusa vedslag och 40-50 för mörka vedslag.According to the invention, the strength of the pulp is determined by the total alkali charge in the impregnation and peroxide bleaching steps. 10 15 20 25 30 3 460 124 According to the invention, the alkali charge in the impregnation step should be determined solely with a view to tip content and fiber distribution numbers without regard to the strength of the pulp obtained by alkali charge in the bleaching step, with the result that the reduction in brightness and light scattering coefficient can be minimized. The refining in the second stage is carried out on partially washed pulp, ie pulp containing residual alkali and residual peroxide from the bleaching, in order to minimize the energy requirement in the refining and in order for the refining step to be used as a third bleaching step carried out at very high temperature. brightness must be obtainable with a certain amount of peroxide. The total peroxide input during bleaching should be 30-50 kg peroxide per tonne of pulp, preferably 30-40 kg for light woods and 40-50 for dark woods.
Uppfinningens kännetecken framgår av patentkraven. I det följande skall uppfinningen beskrivas i anslutning till ett utföringsexempel samt försöksresultat som visas i figurerna, där Fig. 1 visar ljusheten efter peroxídblekning som funktion av Na0H-satsningen i impregneringssteget; Fig. 2 visar massans dragstyrka som funktion av den totala Na0H-satsningen.The features of the invention appear from the claims. In the following, the invention will be described in connection with an exemplary embodiment and experimental results shown in the figures, where Fig. 1 shows the brightness after peroxide bleaching as a function of the NaOH charge in the impregnation step; Fig. 2 shows the tensile strength of the pulp as a function of the total NaOH charge.
Förbehandlíng av lövveden i form av flis av eucalyptus saligna utförs genom tvättning, atmosfärísk ångbasning och sk PREX-impregnering med en Na0H/Na2S03- lösning med pH 13.Pretreatment of the hardwood in the form of chips of eucalyptus saligna is carried out by washing, atmospheric steam bathing and so-called PREX impregnation with a NaOH / Na2SO3 solution with pH 13.
Genom ímpregneringen tillförs flisen 20 kg Na0H och 20 kg Na2S03 per ton. Kemikalierna tillåts reagera under 30 minuten med flisen,som håller SOOC.The impregnation adds 20 kg of NaOH and 20 kg of Na2SO3 per tonne to the chips. The chemicals are allowed to react for 30 minutes with the chips, which hold SOOC.
Kemikalierna och utlöst substans pressas därefter ut ur flisen, som tryckraffineras med 1000-1200 kWh/ton vid 460 124 a 10 15 20 25 3,5 kg/cmz ångtryck i raffinörhuset till ett avvattnings- tal mätt som 350 ml ESF. Engergiinsatsen vid denna raffi- nering bör vara 800-1ä00 kWh/ton.The chemicals and released substance are then forced out of the chips, which are pressure refined at 1000-1200 kWh / ton at 460 124 a 10 15 20 25 3.5 kg / cmz vapor pressure in the refiner's housing to a dewatering number measured as 350 ml ESF. The energy input in this refining should be 800-1ä00 kWh / ton.
Hassan späds och avvattnas till 35% massakoncen- tration och försätts därefter med komplexbíldare, före- trädesvis EDTA, vid pH 5, späda därefter och avpressas på nytt till 35% torrhalt.The haze is diluted and dewatered to 35% pulp concentration and then added with complexing agents, preferably EDTA, at pH 5, then diluted and extruded again to 35% dry matter.
Hassan peroxidbleks därefter i två steg, det första vid 15-18% massakoncentratíon med restperoxid från den tvätt som följer efter det andra bleksteget. Efter det första bleksteget, som genomförs vid 70°C under 30 minuter, tvättas massan på nytt och pressas till 3% torrhalt, vid vilken torrhalt de färska blekkemikalierna blandas in i massan. Hassan bleks under 120 minuter vid 7000 med 40 kg peroxid, 25 kg Na0H och }0 kg natriumsilikat Na S10 2 3' ton massa, varefter den tvättas genom spädning med 4,5 per delar tvättvatten och avpressning till 35% torrhalt. Massan raffineras i en trycksatt skivraffinör tillsammans med från sileriet kommande rejekt med 600 kWh/ton, med 3.5 kg/cmz ångtryck under samtidig tillsättning av 5 kg peroxid per ton massa till raffinörens inlopp. Energiinsatsen vid denna raffinering bör vara 400-800 kWh/ton. Massan latencybehand- las vid 3.5% massakoncentration och 7000, silas i trycksil- ar i två steg och pumpas därefter till lagring före använd- ning i pappersbruk.Hassan then peroxide bleached in two steps, the first at 15-18% pulp concentration with residual peroxide from the wash following the second bleaching step. After the first bleaching step, which is carried out at 70 ° C for 30 minutes, the pulp is washed again and pressed to a 3% dry content, at which dry content the fresh bleaching chemicals are mixed into the pulp. The hash was bleached for 120 minutes at 7000 with 40 kg of peroxide, 25 kg of NaOH and 0 kg of sodium silicate Na S10 2 3 'tons of pulp, after which it was washed by dilution with 4.5 per part of wash water and extruded to 35% dry matter. The pulp is refined in a pressurized disc refiner together with a rejector from the silage with 600 kWh / ton, with 3.5 kg / cmz vapor pressure while simultaneously adding 5 kg peroxide per ton of pulp to the refiner's inlet. The energy input for this refining should be 400-800 kWh / ton. The pulp is latency treated at 3.5% pulp concentration and 7000, filtered in pressure filters in two steps and then pumped for storage before use in paper mills.
Hassan har följande egenskaper efter de olika reaktionsstegen: 10 15 20 25 30 35 5 460 124 Efter första raffineringssteget Freeness 350 ml ESF Fiberlängd enligt Bauer Mc Natt + 16 1 % 16/30 8 % - 200 20 % Ljusspridníngskoefficíent 48 m2/kg Ljushet 45 % ISO Efter andra bleksteget Freeness 325 ml CSF Ljusspridníngskoeffícient 48 m2/kg Ljushet _ 80 % ISO Efter andra raffineríngssteget Freeness 160 ml CSF Fiberlängd enligt Bauer Mc Nett + 16 0 % 16/30 S % - 200 83 % Ljussprídningskoefficíent S0 m2/kg Ljushet 82 % ISO Efter sileriet Freeness 125 ml CSF Fiberlängd enligt Bauer Mc Nett + 16 0 % 16/30 2 % -200 24 % Dragindex 40 Nm/g Rivindex 4.5 mNm2/g Ljusspridningskoefficient 50 m2/kg Ljushet 82.5 % ISO 460 124 6- 10 15 20 25 30 35 Olika Na0H-satsningar i impregneríngssteget resulterar i olika ljushet på massan efter peroxid- blekníngen.Hassan has the following properties after the different reaction steps: 10 15 20 25 30 35 5 460 124 After the first refining step Freeness 350 ml ESF Fiber length according to Bauer Mc Natt + 16 1% 16/30 8% - 200 20% Light scattering coefficient 48 m2 / kg Brightness 45 % ISO After the second bleaching step Freeness 325 ml CSF Light scattering coefficient 48 m2 / kg Brightness _ 80% ISO After the second refining step Freeness 160 ml CSF Fiber length according to Bauer Mc Nett + 16 0% 16/30 S% - 200 83% Light scattering coefficient Lighting S0 m2 82% ISO After the silage Freeness 125 ml CSF Fiber length according to Bauer Mc Nett + 16 0% 16/30 2% -200 24% Tensile index 40 Nm / g Tear index 4.5 mNm2 / g Light scattering coefficient 50 m2 / kg Brightness 82.5% ISO 460 124 6- Different NaOH charges in the impregnation step result in different brightness of the mass after the peroxide bleaching.
En lägre Na0H-satsning innebär att det är möjligt att uppnå en högre slutlig ljushet på massan. I Fig 1 visas hur ljusheten varierar med Na0H-satsningen i impregneringssteget vid tre olika peroxidsatsningar.A lower NaOH charge means that it is possible to achieve a higher final brightness on the pulp. Fig. 1 shows how the brightness varies with the NaOH charge in the impregnation step at three different peroxide charges.
Massa I har således framställts av flis som impregnerats med 25 kg Na0H per ton massa. Med en peroxidsatsning av 45 kg peroxid per ton massa är det då möjligt att uppnå en ljushet på drygt 80 % ISO.Pulp I has thus been produced from wood chips impregnated with 25 kg NaOH per tonne of pulp. With a peroxide investment of 45 kg peroxide per tonne of pulp, it is then possible to achieve a brightness of just over 80% ISO.
Massa II har framställts av flis impregnerad med S0 kg Na0H per ton massa. Trots blekning med en så hög peroxidsats som 45 kg per ton massa är det inte möjligt att höja ljusheten mer än till ca 77 % ISO.Pulp II has been produced from wood chips impregnated with SO kg NaOH per tonne of pulp. Despite bleaching with a peroxide content as high as 45 kg per tonne of pulp, it is not possible to increase the brightness more than to about 77% ISO.
I ovan redovisade utföríngsexempel var den ursprung~ liga Na0H-satsningen 20 kg per ton massa. Ljusheten kunde där genom peroxídblekning höjas till 82.5 % ISO.In the embodiments described above, the initial NaOH charge was 20 kg per tonne of pulp. The brightness could be increased to 82.5% ISO by peroxide bleaching.
En lägre Na0H-satsning vid flisimpregneringen medför dock en sänkning av massans styrkeegenskaper. Det har dock visat sig att massans styrka inom vissa gränser är beroende enbart av den totala Na0H-satsningen i impregnerings- och peroxidblekningsstegen. I impregneringssteget satsas därför Na0H i en mängd av 15-40 kg per ton massa för att säkerställa erforderliga spethalts- och fiberfördelningstal. Ytterligare Na0Hi en mängd av minst 15 kg per ton massa till en total mängd av 30-80 kg per ton massa satsas inte förrän i samband med peroxidblekningen efter den första raffineringen. Beträffande Na0H-satsningen gäller att tyngre och mörkare vedslag, som eucalyptus, kräver mer alkali för sin styrkeutveckling än lättare och ljusare vedslag, som asp och poppel. Mot denna bakgrund bör Na0H-satsningen i impregneringssteget för de tyngre och mörkare vedslagen vara 20-40 kg och för de lättare och ljusare 15-25 kg,per ton massa. Den totala Na0H-satsningen bör vara 40-80 resp 30-50 kg'per ton massa. 10 15 7 460 124 I fig 2 visas hur massaqs.qragstyrka ändras med den totalt satsade mängden NaUH ocn peroxíd- blekning med 45 kg peroxíd per ton massa. Freeness 125 ml ESF.However, a lower NaOH investment in chip impregnation leads to a reduction in the strength properties of the pulp. However, it has been found that the strength of the pulp within certain limits depends solely on the total NaOH charge in the impregnation and peroxide bleaching steps. In the impregnation step, therefore, NaOH is invested in an amount of 15-40 kg per tonne of pulp to ensure the required tip content and fiber distribution figures. Additional NaOHi in an amount of at least 15 kg per tonne of pulp to a total amount of 30-80 kg per tonne of pulp is not charged until in connection with the peroxide bleaching after the first refining. Regarding the NaOH investment, heavier and darker wood chips, such as eucalyptus, require more alkali for their strength development than lighter and lighter wood chips, such as aspen and poplar. Against this background, the NaOH investment in the impregnation step for the heavier and darker types of wood should be 20-40 kg and for the lighter and lighter 15-25 kg, per tonne of pulp. The total NaOH charge should be 40-80 and 30-50 kg per tonne of pulp, respectively. Fig. 2 shows how mass strength strength changes with the total amount of NaUH charged and peroxide bleaching with 45 kg peroxide per tonne of pulp. Freeness 125 ml ESF.
Det är således möljigt att vid peroxidblekníngen genom ytterligare Na0H-satsning höja dragstyrkan hos massa I till en nivå mycket nära dragstyrkan hos massa II, dvs ca 45 Nm/g.It is thus possible to increase the tensile strength of pulp I to a level very close to the tensile strength of pulp II, ie about 45 Nm / g during the peroxide bleaching by further NaOH loading.
En förutsättning för att kunna höja styrkeegen- skaperna hos massan på detta sätt är dock att den ursprungliga Na0H- satsningen i impregneríngssteget är minst 15 kg Na0H per ton massa, se ovan.A prerequisite for being able to increase the strength properties of the pulp in this way, however, is that the original NaOH investment in the impregnation step is at least 15 kg NaOH per tonne of pulp, see above.
Uppfínningen är givetvis inte begränsad till ovan redovisade utföranden utan kan varieras inom ramen för uppfínningstanken.The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above but can be varied within the scope of the inventive concept.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8803244A SE460124B (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1988-09-14 | SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL MASS OF LEAVES |
AU40374/89A AU616999B2 (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-07-07 | Method of making chemi-mechanical pulp from hardwood |
PCT/SE1989/000395 WO1990002835A1 (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-07-07 | Method of making chemi-mechanical pulp from hardwood |
BR898907631A BR8907631A (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-07-07 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CHEMIO-MECHANICAL PULP FROM HARD WOOD |
EP19890908892 EP0434696A1 (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-07-07 | Method of making chemi-mechanical pulp from hardwood |
CA 608079 CA1334240C (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-08-11 | Method of making chemi-mechanical pulp from hardwood |
ES8903114A ES2017145A6 (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-09-13 | Method of making chemi-mechanical pulp from hardwood. |
FI911242A FI911242A0 (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1991-03-13 | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV KEMIMEKANISKA MASSA AV LOEVTRAED. |
NO91910990A NO910990L (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1991-03-13 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL Mass. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8803244A SE460124B (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1988-09-14 | SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL MASS OF LEAVES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8803244D0 SE8803244D0 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
SE460124B true SE460124B (en) | 1989-09-11 |
Family
ID=20373326
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8803244A SE460124B (en) | 1988-09-14 | 1988-09-14 | SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL MASS OF LEAVES |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0434696A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU616999B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8907631A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1334240C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2017145A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI911242A0 (en) |
SE (1) | SE460124B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990002835A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2634233B1 (en) * | 1988-07-12 | 1995-04-14 | Atochem | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BLANCHED CHEMICOTHERMOMECHANICAL PASTES |
US6284727B1 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 2001-09-04 | Scios, Inc. | Prolonged delivery of peptides |
US7384502B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2008-06-10 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Process for impregnating, refining, and bleaching wood chips having low bleachability to prepare mechanical pulps having high brightness |
CN100545347C (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of method of CMP method paper-making pulping |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE413684C (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1987-05-18 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING CELLULOSAMASSA IN THE REPLACEMENT AREA 65-95% |
SE454186C (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1989-09-25 | Eka Nobel Ab | SET FOR PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL MECHANICAL |
SE456430B (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1988-10-03 | Sunds Defibrator | SET FOR MAKING MECHANICAL MASS |
US4718980A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1988-01-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Interstage treatment of mechanical pulp |
DE3802401A1 (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-03 | Degussa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEMI-BLEACHED FUEL |
-
1988
- 1988-09-14 SE SE8803244A patent/SE460124B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-07-07 AU AU40374/89A patent/AU616999B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-07 EP EP19890908892 patent/EP0434696A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-07 BR BR898907631A patent/BR8907631A/en unknown
- 1989-07-07 WO PCT/SE1989/000395 patent/WO1990002835A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-08-11 CA CA 608079 patent/CA1334240C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-13 ES ES8903114A patent/ES2017145A6/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-13 FI FI911242A patent/FI911242A0/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI911242A0 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
EP0434696A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
SE8803244D0 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
ES2017145A6 (en) | 1991-01-01 |
CA1334240C (en) | 1995-02-07 |
AU4037489A (en) | 1990-04-02 |
BR8907631A (en) | 1991-07-30 |
WO1990002835A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
AU616999B2 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
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