SE457383B - SENSOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BASIC PLATE WITH A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL Pair - Google Patents
SENSOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BASIC PLATE WITH A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL PairInfo
- Publication number
- SE457383B SE457383B SE8404795A SE8404795A SE457383B SE 457383 B SE457383 B SE 457383B SE 8404795 A SE8404795 A SE 8404795A SE 8404795 A SE8404795 A SE 8404795A SE 457383 B SE457383 B SE 457383B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- load
- sensor
- plate
- sensing means
- plates
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/01—Traction couplings or hitches characterised by their type
- B60D1/06—Ball-and-socket hitches, e.g. constructional details, auxiliary devices, their arrangement on the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/24—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions
- B60D1/248—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for measuring, indicating or displaying the weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/58—Auxiliary devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
30 35 457 sas ; 2 svälla ut i sidled med fjädrande spänningslagringar som följd och att rikta kraften mer noggrant mot en basplatta 4, dvs. chippet eller kortet. Basplattan 4 är försedd med metalliska känselfing- rar eller avkänningsorgan och består av isolerat substrat, såsom t.ex. ett keramiskt material, laminat eller liknande. Vidare äro anbragta momentutjämníngsplattor S, som ha till uppgift att fun- gera som temperaturutjämnare, varjämte sensorn även innehåller givarmedia 6, som äro utförda med konduktiv beläggning. 30 35 457 sas; 2 swell out laterally with resilient tension bearings as a result and to direct the force more accurately towards a base plate 4, ie. the chip or card. The base plate 4 is provided with metallic sensing fingers or sensing means and consists of insulated substrate, such as e.g. a ceramic material, laminate or the like. Furthermore, torque equalization plates S are provided, which have the task of acting as temperature equalizers, and the sensor also contains sensor media 6, which are made with conductive coating.
Den elektriska funktionen hos X-Y-Z-sensorn i första hand basplattan 4 skall nu närmare angivas. Principen kan liknas vid en passiv bipolär transistor med mekanisk bas, där emitter och kollektor äro elektroder och basen är den mekaniska kraften.The electrical function of the X-Y-Z sensor, primarily the base plate 4, will now be specified in more detail. The principle can be likened to a passive bipolar transistor with a mechanical base, where the emitter and collector are electrodes and the base is the mechanical force.
Känsligheten avgöres av avståndet mellan elektroderna, och över- gångens längd bestämmer strömflödet. När sensorn är obelastad, är strömflödet litet och sensorn leder i mindre grad, emedan de ledande partiklarna i mediets yta icke har tillräckligt stor be- röringsyta (jfr. med en transistors värmeavledning, löst skruvad mot kylfläns och hårt skruvad mot kylfläns eller olika fläns- storlekar), dvs. den mekaniska kopplingsimpedansen bestämmer så- ledes resistansändringen. Eftersom elektroderna ligga i ett plan, går flödet blott på ytan i mediet och icke genom "egentlig" ~resistanskropp, jfr. massa-motstånd och metallfilmmotstånd, olik- heten visar sig bl.a. i brustalet. I nämnda fall bör bruset vara lågt, eftersom mätningar även vid låga nivåer äro önskvärda. Den egentliga sensorn bestående av elektrodyta och givaryta är så- ledes skiktad. Detta medför, att sensorn kan utföras mycket tunn beroende på framställningsteknik och gör att snedkrafter icke kunna existera i samma grad i en yta, såsom de uppträda i en volym, eftersom t.ex. töjningsgivare icke kunna fungera utan någon form av underlag, dvs. något som har en fysisk volym, och i volymen kunna skjuvkrafter uppstå, emedan detta är ett tre- dimensionellt fenomen. Detta medför, att sensorn enklare låter sig riktas mot kraften. Sensorn arbetar antingen inspänd eller fritt beroende på typ av tillämpning. Fördelen med sensor av denna typ är, att den arbetar med mycket stort sving, typ 0,5- 0,9 v/v, och att sensorn arbetar både statiskt och dynamiskt från DC till flera hundra KC. Sensorn kan, om så erfordras, ut- föras fysiskt mycket liten, 1 mmz eller mindre, och att kraften kan anbringas direkt på sensorn. Detta innebär, att mätningar 10 15 20 25 30 35 457 383 3 kunna göras i oändligt små punkter, och att kapsling i mindre grad är hysteresberoende. När större delen av kraften kan upp- tagas av sensorn och icke av töjande metaller, är töjningsgivare helt beroende av underlagets hysteres,.eftersom den blott mäter underlagets töjning. Mekanisk tâlíghet är en annan styrka hos sensorn, på grund av sin uppbyggnad kan den hanteras mer vårds- löst än piezo- och kvartskristaller (spröda).The sensitivity is determined by the distance between the electrodes, and the length of the transition determines the current flow. When the sensor is unloaded, the current flow is small and the sensor conducts to a lesser extent, because the conductive particles in the surface of the medium do not have a sufficiently large contact area (cf. with a transistor heat dissipation, loosely screwed to heat sink and hard screw to heat sink or various sizes), i.e. the mechanical coupling impedance thus determines the change in resistance. Since the electrodes lie in a plane, the flow only goes on the surface of the medium and not through the "real" resistance body, cf. mass resistance and metal film resistance, the difference is shown i.a. in the bridge speech. In the case mentioned, the noise should be low, since measurements even at low levels are desirable. The actual sensor consisting of electrode surface and sensor surface is thus layered. This means that the sensor can be made very thin depending on the manufacturing technique and means that oblique forces cannot exist to the same degree in a surface, as they appear in a volume, since e.g. strain gauges cannot function without some form of substrate, ie. something that has a physical volume, and in the volume shear forces can arise, because this is a three-dimensional phenomenon. This means that the sensor can be more easily directed at the force. The sensor works either clamped or freely depending on the type of application. The advantage of a sensor of this type is that it works with a very large swing, type 0.5-99 v / v, and that the sensor works both statically and dynamically from DC to several hundred KC. The sensor can, if required, be made physically very small, 1 mmz or less, and that the force can be applied directly to the sensor. This means that measurements can be made at infinitely small points, and that encapsulation is to a lesser extent hysteresis-dependent. When most of the force can be absorbed by the sensor and not by the stretching metals, the strain gauge is completely dependent on the hysteresis of the substrate, since it only measures the strain of the substrate. Mechanical resistance is another strength of the sensor, due to its construction it can be handled more carelessly than piezo and quartz crystals (brittle).
Figurerna 2 och 3 visa tvâ över varandra med mellanlig- gande momentupptagande fjäderring 7 anbragta, med momentarm 8 och avkänningsorgan A,B,C,D resp. a,b,c,d försedda basplattor 4 och 4'. Avkänningsorganen §,B,C,D respektive a,b,c,d ligga på samma centrumavstând från varandra med 90° delning i förhållande till en punkt X på respektive basplatta 4 och 4'. Punkten X är ett vrid- och kraftcentrum för sensorn eller basplattorna. När sensorns momentarm 8 utsättes för en kraft, som infaller vinkel- rätt från sidan mot momentarmen, uppstå resistansskillnader í A och C respektive a och c (A och c ökar, medan C och a minskar) och inga resistensskillnader i B,D,b och d vid vinkelrätt från sidan kommande kraft mot armen, annars även olikheter i B,D,b och d. När sensorns momentarm 8 utsattes för ovanifrån kommande kraft, påverkas samtliga avkänningsorgan A,B,C,D,a,b,c och d.Figures 2 and 3 show two above each other with intermediate torque-absorbing spring ring 7 arranged, with torque arm 8 and sensing means A, B, C, D and D, respectively. a, b, c, d provided base plates 4 and 4 '. The sensing means §, B, C, D and a, b, c, d, respectively, lie at the same center distance from each other with a 90 ° pitch in relation to a point X on the respective base plate 4 and 4 '. Point X is a center of rotation and force for the sensor or base plates. When the torque arm 8 of the sensor is subjected to a force which is perpendicular to the side of the torque arm, resistance differences in A and C and a and c occur respectively (A and c increase, while C and a decrease) and no resistance differences in B, D, b and d when the force coming from the side is perpendicular to the side, otherwise also differences in B, D, b and d. When the sensor torque arm 8 is exposed to force coming from above, all sensing means A, B, C, D, a, b, c and d.
"Figure '3 visar i första hand den elektriska funktionen hos sen- sorns bada basplattor 4 och 4' i de tre axlarna X, Y och Z. Om den ena basplattan skulle uteslutas, bildas s.k. halvbryggor."Figure '3 primarily shows the electrical function of the sensor's base plates 4 and 4' in the three axes X, Y and Z. If one base plate were to be excluded, so-called half-bridges would be formed.
Beträffande momentutjämningsplattorna 5 kan sägas, att när sensorn är ansluten till en strömkälla, värme alstras i de fria partierna av de tunna spalter, som avstânden mellan basplattans 4 elektroder bilda emot den elektriskt ledande delen (sidan) av den polymerburna metallfílmytan. Spaltens bredd i substratet avgör arbetsområdet. När interna olikheter i övergångarna mellan elektrodytorna kunna medföra partiell överhettning, måste detta utjämnas och spridas över hela den aktiva delen av sensorns yta, så att termiska rörelser undvikas och att temperaturen kan hål- las på ett för givarmediet 6 lämpligt område. Detta medför, att det termiska bruset kan hållas lågt, eftersom brustalet avgör upplösningen och sensorns totala dynamik. Materialet i plattorna 5 skall ha god termisk ledningsförmâga och låg hysteres samt att plattorna 5 även ha en elektriskt skärmande funktion. Plattornas S r 10 15 20 ZS 45-7 383. . 4 mekaniska funktion är att utgöra bärare för givarmediet 6 samt att överföra och sprida momentet jämnt över hela ytan. -_ Figur 4 visar, hur en sensor S monteras eller inspän- nes i t.ex. bultförband för att där mäta krafter eller rörel- ser i materialet. Sensorns S deformationsplatta hoppressas och anpassar sig efter en draganordnings F yta A till ett botten- läge, dvs. när sensorn S har samma höjd som sensorhållaren B.Regarding the torque equalization plates 5, it can be said that when the sensor is connected to a current source, heat is generated in the free portions of the thin gaps which the distances between the electrodes of the base plate 4 form against the electrically conductive part (side) of the polymer-borne metal file surface. The width of the gap in the substrate determines the working area. When internal differences in the transitions between the electrode surfaces can lead to partial overheating, this must be equalized and spread over the entire active part of the sensor surface, so that thermal movements are avoided and the temperature can be maintained in an area suitable for the sensor medium 6. This means that the thermal noise can be kept low, as the noise number determines the resolution and the overall dynamics of the sensor. The material in the plates 5 must have good thermal conductivity and low hysteresis and that the plates 5 also have an electrically shielding function. Plattornas S r 10 15 20 ZS 45-7 383.. 4 mechanical function is to constitute a carrier for the sensor medium 6 and to transmit and spread the moment evenly over the entire surface. -_ Figure 4 shows how a sensor S is mounted or clamped in e.g. bolted joints to measure forces or movements in the material. The deformation plate of the sensor S is compressed and adapts to the surface A of a traction device F to a bottom position, ie. when the sensor S has the same height as the sensor holder B.
I detta läge har sensorns S arbetstryck uppnåtts och den kan belastas till sensorhállarens B flytgräns eller omgivande de- lars deformationsgräns. I figuren 4 angives också ett fundament eller fästplatta C, som står i förbindelse med t.ex. fordonets lastavkännande del, och en kabelstam D till sensorn. Figur 5 visar, hur sensorn S vid lastprov med en draganordning F direkt kan insättas i t.ex. stumma bultförband. I figuren 5 visas ett på ett icke visat fordon, t.ex. i förbindelse med dettas rambalk fastsatt, konventionellt fäste i form av en fästplatta C, som normalt ingår i ett fordons draganordning och mot vilken en fäst- del F' på en draganordníng F är avsedd att fastspännas medelst två bultar E. En sensor S innehållande hål är anbragt för bultar- na E och sensorn S är utförd med en av två delar försedd tryck- beroende resistiv anordning, som är inspänd mellan fästplattan C och fästdelen F'.In this position, the working pressure of the sensor S has been reached and it can be loaded to the yield strength of the sensor holder B or the deformation limit of the surrounding parts. Figure 4 also shows a foundation or mounting plate C, which is connected to e.g. the load sensing part of the vehicle, and a cable harness D to the sensor. Figure 5 shows how the sensor S in load tests with a traction device F can be inserted directly into e.g. dumb bolt joints. Figure 5 shows a vehicle (not shown), e.g. fixed in connection with its frame beam, conventional bracket in the form of a mounting plate C, which is normally included in a vehicle's pulling device and against which a fastening part F 'on a pulling device F is intended to be clamped by means of two bolts E. A sensor S containing holes is arranged for the bolts E and the sensor S is made with a pressure-dependent resistive device provided with two parts, which is clamped between the mounting plate C and the mounting part F '.
Uppfinningen är naturligtvis icke begränsad till detta utförande utan kan självklart varieras inom ramen för uppfin- ningstanken. . 'The invention is of course not limited to this embodiment but can of course be varied within the scope of the inventive idea. . '
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8404795A SE457383B (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1984-09-25 | SENSOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BASIC PLATE WITH A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL Pair |
PCT/SE1985/000045 WO1985003479A1 (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1985-01-31 | Device in the form of a sensor for measurement of static loads, dynamic loads and torques in three axes x-y-z |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8400484A SE8400484D0 (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1984-01-31 | DEVICE FOR SURGERY OF DYNAMIC AND STATIC LOAD PACKAGING BY A TOWING DEVICE FOR EX DRIVER |
SE8404795A SE457383B (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1984-09-25 | SENSOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BASIC PLATE WITH A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL Pair |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8404795D0 SE8404795D0 (en) | 1984-09-25 |
SE8404795L SE8404795L (en) | 1985-08-01 |
SE457383B true SE457383B (en) | 1988-12-19 |
Family
ID=26658628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8404795A SE457383B (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1984-09-25 | SENSOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BASIC PLATE WITH A MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL Pair |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SE (1) | SE457383B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1985003479A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991002226A1 (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-02-21 | Siarr Sweden Ab | Force measurement device for trailer couplings |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2106729A1 (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-24 | John William Leslie Sansome | Method and apparatus for use with a trailer |
GB9220349D0 (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1992-11-11 | Sansome John W L | Method and apparatus for use with a trailor |
GB9302762D0 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1993-03-24 | Lucas Ind Plc | Improvements in draw-bar couplings for articulated vehicles |
CH690865A5 (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 2001-02-15 | Kk Holding Ag | Force and torque measurement arrangement. |
GB9907523D0 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 1999-05-26 | Evans Kenneth S | Tow coupling sensor |
DE10154736B4 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2013-08-08 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg | drawbar |
KR100760123B1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-09-18 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 6-axis force/moment for intelligent robot's ankle |
DE102011117519A1 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Westfalia-Automotive Gmbh | Trailer coupling with a force sensor |
DE102018102032A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-01 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg | drawbar |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3461327A (en) * | 1965-12-09 | 1969-08-12 | List Hans | Piezoelectric pressure transducer |
CH476990A (en) * | 1968-07-30 | 1969-08-15 | Kistler Instrumente Ag | Force transducer with at least one piezo element arranged between two force transmission bearings |
CH502590A (en) * | 1968-11-04 | 1971-01-31 | Kistler Instrumente Ag | Force and / or torque measurement arrangement |
US4047427A (en) * | 1976-01-26 | 1977-09-13 | Vibro/Dynamics Corporation | Load-sensing and adjusting method for operable machines |
US4319766A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-03-16 | General Motors Corporation | Vehicle trailer hitch |
-
1984
- 1984-09-25 SE SE8404795A patent/SE457383B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-01-31 WO PCT/SE1985/000045 patent/WO1985003479A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991002226A1 (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-02-21 | Siarr Sweden Ab | Force measurement device for trailer couplings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE8404795L (en) | 1985-08-01 |
SE8404795D0 (en) | 1984-09-25 |
WO1985003479A1 (en) | 1985-08-15 |
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