SE456984B - PROVIDED TO REGULATE THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRAKE POWER TO THE FRONT AXLE RESPECTIVE REAR AXLE IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND THE BRAKE POWER DISTRIBUTOR BEFORE PERFORMING THE SET - Google Patents
PROVIDED TO REGULATE THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRAKE POWER TO THE FRONT AXLE RESPECTIVE REAR AXLE IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND THE BRAKE POWER DISTRIBUTOR BEFORE PERFORMING THE SETInfo
- Publication number
- SE456984B SE456984B SE8400965A SE8400965A SE456984B SE 456984 B SE456984 B SE 456984B SE 8400965 A SE8400965 A SE 8400965A SE 8400965 A SE8400965 A SE 8400965A SE 456984 B SE456984 B SE 456984B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- brake
- axle
- rear axle
- wheel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
- B60T8/266—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means
- B60T8/268—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means using the valves of an ABS, ASR or ESP system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/176—Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS
- B60T8/1766—Proportioning of brake forces according to vehicle axle loads, e.g. front to rear of vehicle
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Hydraulic Control Valves For Brake Systems (AREA)
Description
456 984 uppkomma. Vidare har det visats sig vara en nackdel att de verk- liga värdena i praktiken skiljer sig avsevärt från de numeriskt be- räknade börvärdena. De bromskaraktäristikor som förmodas vara konstanta vid beräkningen av bromskraftdistributionen och de lagrade matematiska uttrycken är därför i praktiken" föremål för avsevärda ändringar, dvs som ett resultat av tillverkningstole- ranser, friktionskoefficienten, åldrande, nedsmutsning, föränd- ringar i fjäderkonstanten, felaktig inställning, stora temperatur- förändringar etc. Allt detta kan resultera i att den verkliga karaktäristikan för bromskraftdistributionen skiljer sig avsevärt från de beräknade värdena. 456 984 arise. Furthermore, it has been shown to be a disadvantage that the fair values in practice differ considerably from the numerically calculated setpoints. The braking characteristics which are assumed to be constant in the calculation of the braking force distribution and the stored mathematical expressions are therefore in practice "subject to considerable changes, ie as a result of manufacturing tolerances, the coefficient of friction, aging, fouling, changes in the spring constant, temperature changes, etc. All this can result in the actual characteristics of the braking force distribution differing significantly from the calculated values.
De bromskraftfördelare som vanligen används i dag är begränsade till en fast inställd tryckberoende reglering. Belastningsberoende eller decelerationsberoende bromskraftregulatorer är även kända i ett stort antal olika varianter. Av tidigare nämnda skäl kan en anpassning erhållas med dessa kända anordningar i bästa fall i ett av extremlägena "belastad/icke belastad", så att det teoretiskt möjliga adhesionsvärdet för fram- respektive bakaxlarna ej kan er- hållas. Ändamålet med föreliggande uppfinning är sålunda att övervinna de tidigare nämnda nackdelarna med de kända systemen och att förbättra bromskraftdistributionen hos motorfordon på sådant sätt att såväl i extremfallen "obelastad/belastad", som vid varje bromsförlopp hos fordonet, bromskraftdistributionen anpassas i nära approximering till de verkliga statiska och dynamiska axelbelastningarna, vari- genom en optimal bromsfunktion erhålls. Detta medför god väghåll- ning, kort bromssträcka och likartad belastning på de två axlarna.The brake force distributors commonly used today are limited to a fixed pressure-dependent control. Load-dependent or deceleration-dependent braking force regulators are also known in a large number of different variants. For the aforementioned reasons, an adaptation can be obtained with these known devices at best in one of the extreme positions "loaded / unloaded", so that the theoretically possible adhesion value for the front and rear axles can not be obtained. The object of the present invention is thus to overcome the previously mentioned disadvantages of the known systems and to improve the braking force distribution of motor vehicles in such a way that both in extreme cases "unloaded / loaded", and at each braking process of the vehicle, the braking force distribution is adapted in close approximation to the actual static and dynamic axle loads, whereby an optimal braking function is obtained. This results in good road holding, short braking distance and a similar load on the two axles.
Dessutom har stor vikt lagts vid kraven på förhållandevis enkel tillverkning och sammanställning av bromssystemet.In addition, great emphasis has been placed on the requirements for relatively simple manufacture and assembly of the brake system.
Det har visat sig att detta problem kan lösas på ett förvånans- värt enkelt sätt med hjälp av den metod som anges i krav 1. Före- dragna utföringsformer av uppfinningen anges i efterföljande krav.It has been found that this problem can be solved in a surprisingly simple manner by the method set forth in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the appended claims.
Uppfinningen är baserad på antagandet att genom uppmätning av hjul- respektive fordonshastigheterna och de tidsberoende förändringarna hos dessa variabler, genom bearbetande av dessa uppmätta värden 3 456 984 för att erhålla en reglersignal i en elektronisk krets, exempelvis en mikroprocessor, och genom användning av enkla reglerventiler som tryckmodulatorer, kan en bromskraftfördelare erhållas vilken under hänsynstagande till de förhållanden som verkligen gäller i varje ögonblick, inklusive vägförhållandena, bromskraftsystemets kondition, statiska och dynamiska axelbelastningar etc, på ett nästan exakt sätt distribuerar bromskraften till fram- respektive basaxlarna, varvid framför allt en kort bromssträcka, liten lås- ningsrisk och därmed god väghållning samt en likformig belastnings- fördelning hos bromssystemet erhålls. Beroende pá det faktum att endast i exceptionella fall bromstrycket på bakaxeln måste minskas, kan även de relativt sällan förekommande körförhâllandena beroende på snabbt förändrade vägförhâllanden beaktas. Under sådana om- ständigheter kan, sedan ett ursprungligen korrekt värde för hjul- cylindertrycket och ett konstant bromstryck gällt, en hjullåsning uppträda hos bakaxeln. I motsats till reglersystem för bromsslir- ning, krävs medelst bromskraftfördelaren enligt föreliggande upp- finning inte någon förnyad tryckuppbyggnad under bromsningsopera- tionen, och i motsats till de kända systemen, krävs ej heller nâ- gon extern energikälla för att bygga upp bromstrycket. Detta har speciell betydelse, dels ur säkerhetssynpunkt, dels ur produktions-' synpunkt.The invention is based on the assumption that by measuring the wheel and vehicle speeds and the time-dependent changes of these variables, by processing these measured values 3 456 984 to obtain a control signal in an electronic circuit, for example a microprocessor, and by using simple control valves as pressure modulators, a braking force distributor can be obtained which, taking into account the conditions that actually apply at any given moment, including road conditions, the condition of the braking force system, static and dynamic axle loads, etc., distributes the braking force to the front and base axles in an almost precise manner. braking distance, low locking risk and thus good road holding as well as a uniform load distribution of the brake system are obtained. Due to the fact that only in exceptional cases must the braking pressure on the rear axle be reduced, the relatively rare driving conditions due to rapidly changing road conditions can also be taken into account. Under such circumstances, since an initially correct value for the wheel cylinder pressure and a constant brake pressure applies, a wheel lock may occur at the rear axle. In contrast to the control system for brake slip, the brake force distributor according to the present invention does not require any renewed pressure build-up during the braking operation, and in contrast to the known systems, no external energy source is required to build up the brake pressure. This is of special importance, partly from a safety point of view, partly from a production point of view.
Ytterligare fördelar och användningsområden för uppfinningen framgår av beskrivningen och efterföljande; figurer.Additional advantages and uses of the invention will become apparent from the description and the following; figures.
Fig 1 visar schematiskt ett förenklat blockschema över en utförings- form av bromskraftfördelaren enligt uppfinningen för ett två- krets bromssystem med diagonal uppdelning.Fig. 1 schematically shows a simplified block diagram of an embodiment of the braking force distributor according to the invention for a two-circuit braking system with diagonal division.
Fig 2 visar ett diagram över den tidsberoende kurvan för tryck då en bromskraftsfördelare enligt uppfinningen används.Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the time-dependent curve for pressure when a braking force distributor according to the invention is used.
Fig 3 visar, liksom fig 1, en utföringsform av ett tvåkrets broms- system med en krets för framaxeln och en för bakaxeln.Fig. 3 shows, like Fig. 1, an embodiment of a two-circuit braking system with one circuit for the front axle and one for the rear axle.
I tvåkretsbromssystemet enligt fig 1 är bromskretsarna uppdelade diagonalt. En konventionell dubbelhuvudcylinder 1 är symboliskt 45e 984 4 visad, påverkad av en bromskraft F via en pedal. Vänster fram- hjul VR] och höger bakhjul HRr är anslutna till en bromskrets 2.In the two-circuit braking system according to Fig. 1, the brake circuits are divided diagonally. A conventional double master cylinder 1 is symbolically shown 45e 984 4, actuated by a braking force F via a pedal. Left front wheel VR] and right rear wheel HRr are connected to a brake circuit 2.
Den andra bromskretsen 3 påverkar de andra två hjulen VRr och HR1.The second brake circuit 3 affects the other two wheels VRr and HR1.
I den visade utföringsformen utgörs tryckmodulatorerna av snabb- verkande, tvåvägse tvâlägesventiler 4, 5, 6. Eftersom de tva fram- hjulen är direkt anslutna till bromskretsarna 2 respektive 3 i huvudcylindern 1, kan tryckuppbyggnad i bakhjulen endast ske sedan de två reglerventilerna 4, 5 påverkats. Aktivering av dessa ven- tiler âstadkoms via en elektronisk kontroll 7, till vilken uppmätta variabler,genererade med hjälp av sensorerna 8, 9 och 10,tillförs via signallinjer 8', 9', 10' i form av elektriska signaler och vilken, genom logisk kombination, beräknar de erforderliga styr- signalerna och styr bromskraftmodulatorerna. Kontrollen 7 kan inne- fatta exempelvis en mikroprocessor för beräkning av sensorsignalerna och för generering av styrsignalerna.In the embodiment shown, the pressure modulators consist of fast-acting, two-way two-position valves 4, 5, 6. Since the two front wheels are directly connected to the brake circuits 2 and 3 in the master cylinder 1, pressure build-up in the rear wheels can only take place after the two control valves 4, 5 affected. Activation of these valves is effected via an electronic control 7, to which measured variables, generated by means of the sensors 8, 9 and 10, are supplied via signal lines 8 ', 9', 10 'in the form of electrical signals and which, by logic combination, calculates the required control signals and controls the braking force modulators. The control 7 may comprise, for example, a microprocessor for calculating the sensor signals and for generating the control signals.
I den här beskrivna utföringsformen bestäms ett medelvärdecÜMR för hjulhastigheten i framaxeln av en sensor 8. En sensor 10 mäter medelvärdet:ZMR för hjulhastigheterna vid bakaxeln. En sensor 9 avkänner translationsdecelerationen -b hos fordonet under en broms- ningsoperation eller uppmätta värden proportionella mot hjulhastig- heterna respektive decelerationen. Om fordonet redan är utrustat med en elektronisk sensor för en varvtalsräknare, kan denna användas för att generera variabelnc3~R.In the embodiment described here, an average value CUMR for the wheel speed in the front axle is determined by a sensor 8. A sensor 10 measures the average value: ZMR for the wheel speeds at the rear axle. A sensor 9 senses the translation deceleration -b of the vehicle during a braking operation or measured values proportional to the wheel speeds and deceleration, respectively. If the vehicle is already equipped with an electronic sensor for a speed counter, this can be used to generate the variable nc3 ~ R.
Tryckkurvan PHA för bakaxeln genererad med hjälp av modulatorerna respektive reglerventilerna 4, 5 och bromskraftkurvan PVA för fram- axeln, av vilken PHA är beroende, visas i fig 2. Enligt denna ut- föringsform kommer kontrollen 7 att generera - fördröjt under tiden för tryckuppbyggnad i framaxeln - aktiveringspulser för reglerven- tilerna 4, 5 och med tryckhöjningen PHA, vilken krävs för en ideal- isk tryckfördelning, justeras vid bakhjulen av pulserande- eller klockstyrd âterföring av ventilerna 4, 5 från det visade stängnings- läget till ett öppet genomströmningsläge.The pressure curve PHA for the rear axle generated by the modulators and control valves 4, 5 and the braking force curve PVA for the front axle, on which PHA depends, is shown in Fig. 2. According to this embodiment, the control 7 will generate - delayed during pressure build-up in front axle - activation pulses for the control valves 4, 5 and with the pressure increase PHA, which is required for an ideal pressure distribution, are adjusted at the rear wheels by pulsating or clock-controlled return of the valves 4, 5 from the shown closing position to an open flow position.
Enligt uppfinningen är dessutom en ytterligare tvåvägs; tvâläges- ventil 6 anordnad för sänkning av trycket i bakhjulsbromsarna. Ge- nom hydraulisk anslutning av de två bakhjulskretsarna via en led- 5 456 984 ning innehållande två seriekopplade, i motsatt riktning verkande, backventiler 11, 12, är en enda tvâvägsw tvålägesventil 6 till- räcklig för trycksänkningen i de två bakhjulskretsarna. Av fig 1 framgår att via den elektriska anslutningen av den elektroniska kontrollen 7 som påverkar magnetventilen 6, kan den normalt stäng- da tvåvägsq tvålägesventilen 6 för trycksänkningen återställas till genomflödesläge, varefter båda bakhjulskretsarna via backventilerna 11, 12 ansluts till tryckkompenseringsenheten 13 som utgör en del av bromssystemet.In addition, according to the invention, a further two-way; two-position valve 6 arranged to lower the pressure in the rear wheel brakes. By hydraulically connecting the two rear wheel circuits via a line containing two series-connected, reverse-acting, non-return valves 11, 12, a single two-way two-position valve 6 is sufficient for the pressure reduction in the two rear wheel circuits. Fig. 1 shows that via the electrical connection of the electronic control 7 which actuates the solenoid valve 6, the normally closed two-way two-position valve 6 for the pressure reduction can be reset to flow-through position, after which both rear wheel circuits are connected to the pressure compensation unit 13 of the brake system.
Såsom framgår av fig 2 kan trycket, så snart en låsningstendens indikeras, reduceras stegvis till ett lägre värde vid vilket broms- slirningen vid bakaxeln motsvarar den vid framaxeln eller ligger något under denna. Trycksänkningen startar vid tidpunkten t1 sedan kontrollen 7 avkänt enlåsningstendens hos bakhjulen vid tiden to, genom jämförelse av hjuldecelerationen hos bakaxeln med fordo- nets deceleration.As can be seen from Fig. 2, as soon as a locking tendency is indicated, the pressure can be reduced stepwise to a lower value at which the brake slip at the rear axle corresponds to that at the front axle or is slightly below it. The pressure drop starts at time t1 after the control 7 senses a locking tendency of the rear wheels at time to, by comparing the wheel deceleration of the rear axle with the deceleration of the vehicle.
Backventiler 14, 15 anordnade parallellt med tryckuppbyggnadsven- tilerna 4, 5, påskyndar sänkningen av bromstrycket då bromsen släpps.Check valves 14, 15 arranged in parallel with the pressure build-up valves 4, 5, accelerate the lowering of the brake pressure when the brake is released.
I en tvåkretsbroms där en krets påverkar framaxeln, medan den andra påverkar bakaxeln, kräver bromskraftsfördelaren enligt uppfinningen ytterligare ett litet antal komponenter. Såsom visas i fig 3 är tvâ elektromagnetiskt påverkade tvåvägse tvålägesventiler 16 tillräck- liga för uppbyggnad av bromstrycket vid bakaxeln och för tryckredu- ceringen så snart kontrollen 7' noterat en lâsningstendens hos bak- hjulen med ledning av sensorsignalerna via signalledningarna 8', 9', 10'. Backventilerna 11, 12 i ledningen till tryckreduceringsventiler- na 6 enligt den utföringsform som visas i fig 1, elimineras i den utföringsform som visas i fig 3.In a two-circuit brake where one circuit affects the front axle, while the other affects the rear axle, the braking force distributor according to the invention requires a further small number of components. As shown in Fig. 3, two electromagnetically actuated two-way two-position valves 16 are sufficient to build up the brake pressure at the rear axle and for the pressure reduction as soon as the control 7 'notices a locking tendency of the rear wheels guided by the sensor signals 8', 9 '. 10 '. The non-return valves 11, 12 in the line to the pressure reducing valves 6 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 are eliminated in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
Fig 1 visar vidare en tryckdifferensomkopplare 18, som ger signal till kontrollen 7 via ledningen 19 vid ett fel i en bromskrets med därav följande tryckdifferens mellan kretsarna 2, 3. Detta kommer att medföra en permanent påverkan av ventilerna 4, 5 och en perma- nent låsning av ventilen 6, så att fel i en bromskrets ändå till- låter att fullt tryck uppbyggs i den andra. Fordonets köregenskaper upprätthålls även vid låsning av hjulen i den intakta diagonalkret- sen av de icke bromsade hjulen i den felaktiga bromskretsen.Fig. 1 further shows a pressure difference switch 18, which gives a signal to the control 7 via the line 19 in the event of a fault in a brake circuit with a consequent pressure difference between the circuits 2, 3. This will result in a permanent actuation of the valves 4, 5 and a permanent locking of the valve 6, so that a fault in one brake circuit still allows full pressure to build up in the other. The vehicle's driving characteristics are maintained even when the wheels in the intact diagonal circuit are locked by the non-braked wheels in the faulty brake circuit.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833306611 DE3306611A1 (en) | 1983-02-25 | 1983-02-25 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE BRAKING DISTRIBUTION |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8400965D0 SE8400965D0 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
SE8400965L SE8400965L (en) | 1984-08-26 |
SE456984B true SE456984B (en) | 1988-11-21 |
Family
ID=6191795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8400965A SE456984B (en) | 1983-02-25 | 1984-02-22 | PROVIDED TO REGULATE THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRAKE POWER TO THE FRONT AXLE RESPECTIVE REAR AXLE IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND THE BRAKE POWER DISTRIBUTOR BEFORE PERFORMING THE SET |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS59192659A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8400635A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1248161A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3306611A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2541642B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2135413B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1173337B (en) |
SE (1) | SE456984B (en) |
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JPS5039232B1 (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1975-12-15 | ||
FR2067882A5 (en) * | 1969-11-20 | 1971-08-20 | Dba | |
US3608978A (en) * | 1970-05-01 | 1971-09-28 | Rockwell Standard Co | Antiskid brake control |
US3701568A (en) * | 1970-09-30 | 1972-10-31 | Bendix Corp | Adaptive braking system utilizing doppler radar |
FR2168226B1 (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1974-05-10 | Dba | |
FR2201995B1 (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1976-10-29 | Citroen Sa | |
ZA738692B (en) * | 1972-12-14 | 1974-09-25 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Four-wheel skid control |
DE2307623A1 (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1974-08-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-LOCK CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRESSURE-CONTROLLED MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKES |
DE2433092C2 (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1986-10-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Anti-lock control system for four-wheel vehicles |
DE2812000A1 (en) * | 1978-03-18 | 1979-09-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-LOCK CONTROL SYSTEM |
DE2830809A1 (en) * | 1978-07-13 | 1980-01-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-BLOCKING CONTROL SYSTEM |
DE2913424A1 (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-BLOCKING DEVICE |
DE3109372A1 (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-09-30 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | "PUMPLESS HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES" |
IT1143485B (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1986-10-22 | Ettore Cordiano | BRAKING SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES WITH BRAKE DISTRIBUTOR CONTROLLED BY ELECTRONIC PROCESSOR |
DE3136617A1 (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1983-03-31 | Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Braking wheel slip control system for the wheel brakes of a vehicle |
DE3301948A1 (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-07-26 | Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE BRAKING DISTRIBUTION |
-
1983
- 1983-02-25 DE DE19833306611 patent/DE3306611A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1984
- 1984-02-10 GB GB08403514A patent/GB2135413B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 BR BR8400635A patent/BR8400635A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-17 FR FR8402447A patent/FR2541642B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-22 IT IT19743/84A patent/IT1173337B/en active
- 1984-02-22 SE SE8400965A patent/SE456984B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-24 JP JP59034126A patent/JPS59192659A/en active Pending
- 1984-02-24 CA CA000448208A patent/CA1248161A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3306611A1 (en) | 1984-08-30 |
SE8400965L (en) | 1984-08-26 |
GB2135413B (en) | 1987-02-04 |
GB8403514D0 (en) | 1984-03-14 |
GB2135413A (en) | 1984-08-30 |
SE8400965D0 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
JPS59192659A (en) | 1984-11-01 |
FR2541642B1 (en) | 1989-11-17 |
IT1173337B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
FR2541642A1 (en) | 1984-08-31 |
CA1248161A (en) | 1989-01-03 |
BR8400635A (en) | 1984-10-02 |
IT8419743A0 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
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