SE446465B - WANT TO MANUFACTURE IMPREGNATED, DELETE OR CRUSHED PAPER IN A WORKING TIME IN A PAPER MACHINE AND THE USE OF THE MEDIUM SET - Google Patents

Description

km 10 15 20 25 50 MN UT 446 465 stretchability in order to be able to apply the strip also in curves and on irregular surfaces while forming a desired pattern on a surface, without it tearing off. In addition, this treatment must achieve heat and water resistance, which plays a major role in use.

For the production of impregnated papers, it was previously common to impregnate finished papers with good absorbency, for example those of cellulose, in special impregnation machines with solutions or aqueous dispersions (latexes) of preferably rubber-like polymers or elastomers and then dry them on in this way the paper webs were treated at elevated temperature.

The impregnation and the subsequent drying of finished paper constitute extra work steps, and of all processing steps, the impregnation of paper (smooth or creped) is always the slowest, and at this work you can mostly only work at a relatively low running speed depending on the length of the drying channel. .

In addition, in the conventional method of papermaking, in many cases a gluing must be carried out to achieve a very high wet strength, which during the subsequent impregnation after the paper is completed prevents the rubber particles from entering the fibers and often leads to a discontinuous distribution of the particles in the fiber structure.

Experiments have shown that an impregnation in the paper machine under the conditions described above - it may be by means of stock gluing with rubber dispersions or glue press - is not possible due to the thermoplasticity and the associated tack quality, as it is generally leads to a sticking and smearing of the web at the hot cylinder and the drying blanket. The gluing or gluing leads to a tearing of the paper web, whereby, especially with thin paper, significant disturbances are caused in the manufacturing process.

It was therefore the object of the invention to obviate the demonstrated disadvantages both in terms of the sticking in the paper machine 10 15 20 25 446 465 as well as the necessary impregnation and subsequent drying of finished papers and to develop a process which makes it possible to produce impregnated, smooth or creped papers. in a single operation in the paper machine while avoiding additional operations.

It was now found, and therein lies the UPP9iften5 solution, that this goal can be achieved in a simple way, if you put the pulp resp. the still moist paper at a defined residual moisture content in two definite stages of the papermaking process with certain definite proportions of a mixture in the form of an aqueous dispersion, which in addition to an elastomer resp. rubber-like polymer as the main constituent and a small amount of a paper plasticizer contains small proportions of a silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant. This makes it possible, in particular for use as a carrier material on pressure-sensitive self-adhesive layers, to produce in a single operation already impregnated, smooth or creped paper with the desired properties for this purpose, while at the same time the undesirable sticking of the paper web on the hot cylinder and the felt during the drying process is prevented, whereby the production can take place at a higher running speed and whereby the amount of the wet reinforcing agent to be used can be considerably reduced (to about 50% of the otherwise usual amount).

The object of the invention is thus a process for the production of impregnated, smooth or creped paper in a working step in a paper machine, in which, in addition to an ordinary wet reinforcing agent and possibly ordinary sizing agents, fillers and / or dyes, the fibrous material suspension is added or the pulp with a mixture of a silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant of an organic compound with one or more long-chain alkyl residues, the molecular residue in the compound containing reactive, polar groups, such as e.g. carboxyl, nitrile, amino, hydroxyl, ketene or acid anhydride functions, and an elastomeric or rubber-like polymer and in a conventional manner forms the mass of the paper machine - possibly while connecting an intermediate creping device - to the paper web, which process is characterized by that MD 10 15 20 35 H0 446 465 is initially added to the pulp by 1 to 12 weight percent, calculated on dry fiber resp. pulp, of a mixture of: 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of the silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant, '89, 0 to 95.5% by weight of the elastomer or rubber-like polymer, and 2.0 to 6.0% by weight of a paper plasticizer, forms the pulp for the paper web and then processes and dries it at a residual water content of 6 to 20% with an additional proportion of the above mixture in such an amount that it dries It is known to impart to the pulp or paper with different additives by a number of different methods, in order to achieve certain properties, such additives being added either to the fiber suspension before the formation of the web (paper formation), which, in particular in the case of high-speed paper machines, has the problem that these substances must be retained in the slurry and prevented from being worn together with the diverted water through the wire section, or also inside s in the already formed paper web in a wet or highly dried state. Thus, for example, for sizing agents it is known that these can be added to both the pulp or the stock ("pulp gluing") or they can be applied by means of suitable application devices, such as e.g. adhesive presses, spray devices or the like, on the finished paper web ("surface gluing").

On the other hand, with the exception of the different conditions associated with the silicones, the utility of mixtures containing an anti-adhesive surfactant as an impregnating agent in the papermaking process proposed by the invention is not known. However, there was a preconceived notion among those skilled in the art against using such mixtures in the papermaking process, as normally abhesive, i.e. anti-adhesive, agents which preferably hydrophobic substances markedly interfere with the manufacturing process - t.o.m. in the presence of only small amounts. It was therefore surprising, and it could not be foreseen by those skilled in the art, that the presence of such a small amount of an abhesive, surfactant in the impregnating mixture does not in any way interfere with the papermaking process and but shows its effect in such an advantageous manner that the undesirable sticking of the treated paper web to the metal surface of the drying cylinder and to the felt during the drying process is absent.

Only in GB patent specification 922 828, which is directed to a process for treating paper, in particular parchment and parchment paper with a mixture of silicone rubber and silicone resin, to which, in addition, other substances can be added, such as e.g. carboxymethylcellulose or condensation products of epichlorohydrin with aliphatic amines, attempts to use such agents are also reported in the papermaking process itself. The papers obtainable by this process can, however, because of their pronounced adhesive-repellent properties, be used only as separating paper or liners in connection with sticky substances or self-adhesive pulps of the most varied kinds or as intermediate substrates for transferable adhesive layers, in however, no case - such as the impregnated papers manufactured by the method according to the invention - as permanent support materials for pressure-sensitive adhesive layers. In papermaking using conventional paper machines, it is not possible to work with silicones, as these tend to be irreversibly pulled up on wires, blankets and the like and then cannot be removed again from the mentioned devices. In addition, in the presence of silicones, you can no longer crep the paper, as the creping scraper no longer pinches.

Furthermore, in this context mention should be made of the applicant's own previous application (DE-AS 2 809 H22), which relates to a process for the production of a stretchable, smooth or creped paper with high surface strength and cleavage strength, whereby in a certain stage of paper production , namely before the stock inlet, the fiber suspension resp. in addition to other additives, a mixture is added in addition to a mixture consisting of a small amount of a specific agent which acts as a repellent against adhesive, together with a. This process is one for the production of special paper, which in a particularly high amount of synthetic rubber or synthetic resin. degree are suitable as support materials for the highly tacky pressure-sensitive adhesive layers with high cutting and peeling strength for the manufacture of masking tape strips for high demands, but not - as is the case in connection with the present application - for an impregnation process and where - with regard to the submitted task and solution for overcoming a different problem, whereby other products are unconditionally obtained. As abhesive (antiadhesive) surfactants, for the impregnation process of the invention, such organic compounds have been found to be suitable which contain in the molecule on the one hand or several long-chain alkyl radicals having 12-21 carbon atoms (in particular stearoyl or stearyl groups) and on the other hand, reactive polar groups, such as Carboxyl, nitrile, amino, hydroxyl, ketene or acid anhydride groups. Examples of such substances in the spirit of the invention are: N, N'-diacyl compounds of polyalkylene polyamines with long chain hydrocarbon radicals, in particular those containing one or more non-hydrocarbon radicals. reacted (free) secondary amino groups, such as

N, N'-distearoyldipropylenetriamine (DiTriDi) and N, N'-dipalmitoyltriethylenetetramine; In polyvinyl carbamates, such as polyvinyl N-octadecyl carbamate and polyvinyl N-pentadecyl carbamate; triethanolamine monostearyl carbamate; glycerol monostearyl carbamate; pentaerythritol monostearyl carbamate; triethanolamine monostearate; triethanolamine monopalmitate; g_triethanolamine monooleate; glycerol monostearate; reaction products of stearyl isocyanate with carbamide or melamine resins or with triethanolamine; . low molecular weight, hydroxyl group-containing polybutadienes which, depending on the OH number, are completely or partially reacted with stearyl isocyanate; emulsion polymerization produced copolymers of maleic acid monoamides or maleic acid monoesters having long chain hydrocarbon residues, and styrene or derivatives thereof, which may additionally contain crosslinking constituents having reactive (f) () 55 H0 446 465 7 functional groups; copolymer of butadiene with not more than 30% styrene, which in polymerized contains 2-20% maleic acid monoamides or esters; complex compounds of stearic acid with basic chromium chloride (Werner complex); polytetrafluoroethylene.

The proportion of the abhesive, surfactant component in the impregnation mixture according to the invention may be 0.5-5% by weight and should preferably amount to 1-3% by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight (solids) of the composition of the mixture as a whole.

As the said substances are to some extent sparingly soluble in organic solvents and almost insoluble in water, they are suitably dispersed by means of suitable emulsifiers in water - possibly after prior adsorption on highly dispersed silicic acid or some other common finely divided filler - and stirred for preparation. the impregnation mixture of the invention into an aqueous dispersion of an elastomer or a rubber-like polymer. As emulsifiers, mixtures of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers in particular have been found to be suitable for this purpose. Examples of such are aromatic polyglycol ethers, such as nonylphenol polyglycol ethers, on the one hand, and alkylsulfonates or alkylarylsulfonates, on the other hand.

The elastomer or rubber-like polymer, which may be present in the impregnating composition of the invention in an amount of 89.8% to 95.5% by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of solids in the mixture in its main, odisane component; depending on the desired surface properties, for example, a butadiene-styrene copolymer having a styrene content of 23-55%, a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer having a Mooney viscosity of about MO-160, preferably between 65 and 85, a terpolymers of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile, or an acrylic acid butyl ester-acrylic acid copolymer or of mixtures thereof, which are mostly aqueous hydrochloride copolymer dispersions containing one inverted in the form of latexes or aqueous dispersions. small amounts of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid and up to 15% acrylonitrile, are also suitable. In addition, those which, in addition to I butadiene-acrylonitrile and / or acrylic acid esters as well as components, contain polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride, e.g. mixtures of a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer or terpolymer with polyvinyl acetate, as well as polyurethane latexes and polychloroprene dispersions. In the case of butadiene-acrylonitrile- resp. Butadiene-styrene copolymers can also be used in relatively low molecular weight tacky types in the form of their latexes.

As paper plasticizers, which constitute the third constituent of the impregnation mixture according to the invention and which must be present in the impregnation mixture in an amount of 2-6% by weight, preferably 3-H weight, based on 100 parts by weight of solids in the mixture as a whole, are suitable. glycols and triethanolamine in particular. This preferably water-soluble component, depending on the nature and amount of the additive, produces a certain degree of hydrophilic properties in the paper, which is important for the subsequent operations.

The impregnation mixture according to the invention present in the form of an aqueous dispersion, which is usually used in the form of 20 to 55 .mu.g and preferably as a 33 .mu.l dispersion, can also be used to modify its properties. with small amounts of other substances, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols or polyvinylpyrrolidone as viscosity regulators and possibly water-soluble urea or melamine-formaldehyde resins, which still contain free reactive groups, so-called precondensed, such as methylol ureas, methylol melamines or methylolacrylamide. The choice of the individual constituents, for which there is a wide range of variation, must take into account that as a final product in the new process a relatively soft, flexible paper is obtained, which in a subsequent reaction is suitably crosslinked in a known manner. small to achieve the technically necessary flexural stiffness as well as sufficient strength values in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Paper, which is to be used as a carrier material for the production of pressure-sensitive masking tape (self-adhesive tape for painting and varnishing purposes), must be sufficiently flexible and soft, allow for layer application, be dense for means used for applying coatings. solvents and dispersions, to prevent breakthrough and it should also be as thin as possible. The first completed addition of the aqueous impregnation dispersion to the fiber suspension or pulp, which preferably consists of pure cellulose and should preferably have a degree of grinding between 18 and 38 SR_ (1-12.weight % and preferably 2-4% by weight, based on dry fiber or paper pulp), is suitably made after grinding; In the production of light paper, ie paper with a low basis weight, with a sheet weight of up to about 80 g / m2 For example, the addition of a portion of the aqueous impregnation dispersion to the pulp prior to papermaking can be eliminated and the entire amount of the aqueous impregnation dispersion is added at a residual water content of the pulp web of 6-20% by means of the adhesive press.

For further modification of the properties of the paper, the fibrous material suspension can also be added with conventional fillers in small amounts, such as e.g. natural art soap (sodium resinate) and alum, waxes, starch, animal glue, casein and possibly also fillers, such as clay, chalk, metal oxides or salts and dyes.

The wet strength agent (wet strength agent), which preferably consists of methylol groups containing melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins which act crosslinking in heat, is suitably added after admixture of 0.2-0.5% alum (which activates the fibers and catalyzes the resin). bonding to the fibers) in the form of aqueous dispersion before the inlet of the fibrous material suspension or the pulp. When using the impregnation mixture according to the invention, the required amount of wet strength agent can be reduced by more than half relative to the otherwise usual amount, for example from 16.5 to 2 μM,%, both values calculated on dry fibrous material or pulp. 7 The exact quantities as well as the quantity ratio between the substances to be added to the pulp, which can be easily determined by means of simple testing, depend on the web speed within the wet section and thus on the throughput of the material per unit time. 10 15 20 TJ uw 50 35 the running speed of 120 m / min. 446 465 10 If the paper is to be creped, this can be done on the wet roll with the help of a thin and sharp doctor blade. In this case, the creping process can take place at the earliest at the time after the paper formation, at which the formed paper web has a sufficient strength to withstand the high stresses in connection with this process. The fineness of the creping is primarily dependent on the thickness of the doctor blade: the thinner it is, the greater the creping. In addition, it depends on the temperature of the roller (creping cylinder), its speed as well as the position of the doctor blade in relation to the top of the roller. Instead of the wet creping in an intermediate stage of the papermaking process, the creping can of course also be carried out on the finished paper product after re-wetting.

After lifting from the creping cylinder, the paper web provided with the additives enters the drying section of the paper machine, where the drying of the paper web takes place during steam generation with the aid of a strongly heated drying cylinder.

At a residual water content of the paper web of 6-20%, preferably at a residual water content of about 8-12 Z, a further proportion of said impregnation mixture is then introduced by means of a suitable device, for example a glue press, in such an amount into the web that the web then completely dried by further heat treatment by means of a strongly heated drying cylinder contains 7-60% by weight, preferably 40% by weight of the mixture, calculated on dried paper. If appropriate, a 70 g heavy paper of a sheet weight of 50 g + 20 g of impregnant additive is obtained, which corresponds to a content of about 28.5% of the impregnating agent. ring means. Due to the thermal treatment in connection with the ironing effect between the filters and the highly heated drying cylinders during the continued drying process, the impregnating agent falls out of the dispersion, is transferred to a fine state of distribution and anchored in the fiber structure together with the other high molecular weight adhesives. a weak cross-connection is formed. In this way, with a significantly lower amount of rubber, a qualitatively equivalent paper can be produced, which is otherwise possible only with considerably larger amounts. At the same time, even with the use of relatively high drying temperatures (115-15050) and high running speeds (above 100 m / min at 2 m web width and above), the undesired sticking to the hot cylinders and filters in the drying section is prevented and thus the paper web wear is avoided. .

According to the described method, impregnated, smooth or creped paper can be produced in a simple manner while avoiding the otherwise necessary work steps, which can be used with particular advantage as carrier material for ordinary pressure-sensitive adhesive layers (self-adhesive pulps), especially for the manufacture. of masking tape and adhesive tape for packaging purposes.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples: Example 1 V 1000 kg of pulp consisting of 690 kg of softwood pulp (500 kg of highly bleached pulp of pine wood, long-fiber, extra absorbent and 190 kg of unbleached pulp of furnish), 280 kg of hardwood pulp (1U0 kg of sulphate pulp of birch and 1U0 kg of sulphate pulp of beech) and 30 kg of hydroxyethylcellulose ("Cell1osize", Union Carbide) were ground to a degree of grinding of 550 SR in a Dutchman and added with water to a concentration of 0.5%.

An impregnating mixture of the following substances was prepared, preparing for 1000 kg of pulp MOO kg of impregnating mixture, calculated on the proportion of solids; Solid Total (kg) weight of mixture Acrylic acid butyl ester - acrylic acid copolymer and polybutadiene styrene ("Butofan DS 3255 X", BASF test product) 50% - 355.55 711.12 Triethanolamine monostearate 46 25 30 35 35 Polyethylene glycol with mOl Sky weight 570-630 ("Polydio1 600", Hoechst) 6, §7 5.57 Triethanolamine '5.57 5.57 Foam inhibitor' e 'i ("Nopco NDW", Nopco Chem.) 0.89 0.89 Melamine-formaldehyde precondensate ("Maprenal MF 900", Hoechst) e '-16.45 15.45 p-toluenesulfonic acid - 1% g 0, ÜÄ' 4 ", 4" Water, desalted. '' 191,55 'ÄO0,00 l111,12 The solids content of the dispersion: 36 1 The fiber suspension was added - after grinding with 20 kg of the impregnation mixture, which - in resp. cases based on 100 parts by weight solids content of the total composition - contained 89% by weight of elastomer, 3.3% by weight of a silicone-free, abhesive, surfactant (triethanolamine monostearate) and 3.3% by weight of paper plasticizer, in the form of 55.5 kg of the 36 Z aqueous aqueous dispersion and then immediately added with a dosing pump as a wet strength agent a mixture of a urea-formaldehyde resin ("Ureco1l KL", BASF) aluminum sulfate / sulfuric acid in the form of a 10% aqueous solvent. value of 2.0-3.0. Then the pulp was formed for the paper web using a conventional paper machine via wire section and wet press section (sheet formation, dewatering, drying). The backwater had a pH of H, 5-5.0. At a dry weight of about 38-H2 Z, the web was creped by means of a creping device, consisting of creping cylinders and scrapers; the temperature after the crepe cylinder rose from 105-125 ° c. At a residual water content of the paper web of about 8-12%, the entire remaining proportion of the impregnation mixture (380 kg based on the solids content) was then incorporated into the paper web in the form of the 36% aqueous dispersion. - sionen. In the subsequent drying section, the carrier material was brought at a machine speed of about 100 m / min to temperatures between 90 and 135 ° c. which settled, amounted to U, 5-5.57%.

The residual moisture in the impregnated paper 10 15 21 ”S BO 40 446 465 13 A crepe paper was obtained with a sheet weight of 100 g / m2 (1 2) and an elongation of 15%, which was excellently suited as a carrier material for the production of self-adhesive, pressure sensitive masking tape - PEIHS OI '.

Exemgelwå In the manner described in Example 1, a 70 g / m heavy, impregnated crepe paper was produced for the manufacture of adhesive tape 2 for masking purposes (masking tape): In pulp import 1000 kg pulp consisting of: 560 kg sulphate pulp of pine wood, long fiber, extra absorbent, bleached 200 kg sulphate pulp of pine wood, unbleached 2U0 kg eucalyptus pulp Malgradz 19 ° sn II Water strength agent Total 12 kg urea-formaldehyde resin ("Urecoll KL", BASF) 10% solution (fi solution before ma1ain1¿pp> I 0,5 kg alum / sulfuric acid III Sheet-forming, dewatering, drying, creping IV At 6-9% residual water content (residual moisture) of the web: Addition of the impregnation mixture specified below (impregnation recipe) using glue press. V Drying and smoothing of the impregnated crepe paper between felt and cylinder after the adhesive press at temperatures between 105 and 13500.

Total (kg) Impregnation recipe Solid (kg) (aqueous dispersion) Butadiene-acrylonitrile latex 7 ("Synthomer 8155", Synthomer-Chemie) 50% 80.00_ - ü0.00 Plasticizer-free copolymerized of acrylic acid ester with vinyl compounds _ 70.00 55.00 ("A0rona1 500 D", BASF) - 50% -lg Emulsion based on distearoyl-dipropylenetriamine (DíTriDi) - 20 z-ig 10.00 2.00 Triethanolamine - 100% -ig 1.50 1.50 Polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 1.20 1.20 570-630 ("Polydiol 600", Hoechst 10 15 30 'II Wet strength agent 446 465 l fl Foam inhibitor ("Nopco NDW", Nopco Chem.) 0.30 0.50 Water , desalted 37.00 '200.00 80.00 Solids content of the dispersion: U0% The residual moisture of the impregnated paper was adjusted to the tolerance prescribed according to Example 1.

A crepe paper with a sheet weight of 70 (i 2) g / m 2 was obtained, S0m 1 exhibiting a breaking load value of 56 N / cm at 15% elongation.

Analogous to Example 1, a heat-resistant impregnated paper up to about 180 ° C was produced: In mass import 700 kg of sulphate pulp, of pine wood, long-fiber, extra absorbent, 'bleached 220 kg of sulphate pulp of pine wood, unbleached t80 kg of acrylic acid ester copolymer 580 D ", - BASF) = 160 kg 50% dispersion 2 kg triethanolamine monostearate Ma1graa = 22 ° sn (additive before stock inlet) _ 12 kg urea-formaldehyde resin (" Urecoll KL ", BASF) âgsššàâ 0.5 kg alum / sulfuric acid III stripping, dewatering, drying IV At 10-12% residual water content (residual moisture) in the banana: 'Addition of an impregnating mixture (impregnation recipe) with the following composition by means of glue press: V Drying, bridging and smoothing of the impregnated the paper between the felt and the cylinder after the adhesive press at temperatures between 105 and 155 ° C »<1 \." 1 10 15 15 Impregnation recipe Butadiene-acrylonitrile latex, 55%, with 53% acrylonitrile and U 2 methacrylic acid ("Perbunan ~ N-Latex 5H6O M ", Bayer) Emulsion based on polyvinyl stearyl carbamate ~ 20 1-triethanolamine Low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol ("POlyvi0l M 05 / 1QO"), Wacker-Chemie) Polyethylene glycol (Polydíol 600 ", Hoechst) attenuator (" Nopco NDensa ": Nopco NDW 57% An impregnated, smooth paper with a basis weight of 90 g / m2 was produced. 446 460 'Phase substance 2 Total (kg) (kg) (aqueous dispersion) 70.00 200.00 2.00 10.00 1.50 1.50 6.00 6.00 1.20 1.20 0.30 0 .30 81.00 219.00

Claims (5)

10 15 20 25 30 35 g44e 465 gïö Patent claim A method of producing impregnated, smooth or creped paper in a working step 5 a paper machine in which, in addition to a common wet reinforcing agent and any common sizing agents, fillers and / or dyes before the paper formation, the fibrous material suspension or pulp is provided with a mixture a silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant of an organic compound having one or more long chain alkyl residues, the molecular residue in the compound containing reactive, polar groups, such as e.g. carboxyl, nitrile, amino, hydroxyl, ketene or acid anhydride functions, and an elastomeric or rubber-like polymer and in a conventional manner forms the mass in the paper machine - possibly while connecting an intermediate creping device - to the paper web, k characterized by initially placing the mass with 1 to 12% by weight, calculated on dry fiber resp. pulp, of a mixture of: 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of the silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant, ~ I 89.0 to 95.5% by weight of the elastomer or rubber-like polymer and 2.0 to 6.0% by weight of a paper plasticizer, forms the pulp into the paper web and then processes and dries it at a residual water content of 6 to 20% with an additional proportion of the above mixture in such an amount that the dry paper contains 7 to 60% by weight of the mixture. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp is added with 2 to 4% by weight of the mixture, calculated on the dry fiber resp. the pulp. 3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an organic compound with one or more low-chain alkyl radicals having 12 to 21 carbon atoms is used as the silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant. 4. A method according to one or more of claims 1-3, characterized in that the silicone-free, anti-adhesive, surfactant in the mixture is used in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture. (solids weight). Use of the paper produced, impregnated, smoothed or creped with the method according to claim 1 as a carrier material for pressure-sensitive adhesive layers (self-adhesive masses), in particular for the manufacture of masking tape and adhesive tape for packaging purposes.