SE443029B

SE443029B - Apparatus to control movement in a metal working machine

Info

Publication number: SE443029B
Application number: SE8206591A
Authority: SE
Inventors: Bengt Goran Holmqvist
Original assignee: Bengt Goran Holmqvist
Priority date: 1982-11-19
Filing date: 1982-11-19
Publication date: 1986-02-10
Also published as: SE8206591L; SE8206591D0

Abstract

The invention concerns an apparatus in a metal working machine for controlling the movement of a work tool.The apparatus is simple in design and construction and enables safe and functional automatic control of the tool.The apparatus includes a valve unit (2), which is situated in a piston cylinder housing (1) and which includes a valve body (26) which is designed to be automatically moved by fluid pressure to an initial position, where there is reduced communication between two chambers (8 ad 10) situated one on each side of the valve unit (2) in the housing (1), and in which situation, the tool is enabled to be moved at the required working speed, and also to a second position, where there is enlarged communication between the chambers (8 and 10) and the tool is enabled to move at a fast working speed.<IMAGE>

Description

8206591-3 2 till resp från det till kolven gränsade utrymmet.' Uppfinningen beskrives i det följande såsom ett utföringsexempel, varvid hänvisas till de bifogade ritningarna, på vilka fig 1 schematiskt visar uppbyggnaden av en anord- ning för att åstadkomma sagda styrning av ett verktygs matnings- rörelse, fig 2 visar ett snitt av anordningen i fig l utmed linjen A-A, fig 3 visar ett snitt av den i fig 2 visade ven- tilenheten utmed linjen B-B, fig 4 visar ett snitt av den i fig 2 visade ven- tilenheten utmed linjen C-C med en ventil, som ingår i sagda en- het förd till ett första läge, och fig 5 visar ett snitt utmed linjen C-C i fig 2 och som visar ventilen förd till ett andra ventilläge. “ Ett kolvcylinderhus, som på ritningarna i fig l betecknas med hänvisningssiffran 1, avdelas medelst en i dess inre lösgörbart fastsättbar ventilenhet 2 i två cylinderhus- halvor 1A resp 1B. Den ena av sagda båda cylinderhushalvor mottager ett i höljet 3 till sagda kolvcylinderhus 1 beläget utmed dess inre mantelyta 3A rörligt, såsom en kolv 4 utformat rörelseöverföringsorgan, som uppvisar en kolvstång 5, vilken utskjuter genom en vid husets ena gavelvägg 6 anordnad genom<. föringsöppning 7. 8206591-3 2 to or from the space adjacent to the piston. ' The invention is described in the following as an exemplary embodiment, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows the construction of a device for effecting said control of a tool feeding movement, Fig. 2 shows a section of the device in Fig. 1. along the line AA, Fig. 3 shows a section of the valve unit shown in Fig. 2 along the line BB, Fig. 4 shows a section of the valve unit shown in Fig. 2 along the line CC with a valve included in said unit taken to a first position, and Fig. 5 shows a section along the line CC in Fig. 2 and showing the valve brought to a second valve position. A piston-cylinder housing, which in the drawings in Fig. 1 is denoted by the reference numeral 1, is divided by means of a valve unit 2 which can be detachably fastened in its interior into two cylinder housing halves 1A and 1B, respectively. One of said two cylinder housing halves receives a motion transmitting member formed in the housing 3 of said piston cylinder housing 1 along its inner jacket surface 3A movably, such as a piston 4, which has a piston rod 5, which projects through an end wall 6 of the housing arranged through <. guide opening 7.

Ett utrymme 8 bildas därvid i sagda hushalva 1A, mellan den ena sidoytan 2A resp 4A av ventilenheten 2 resp av kolven 4, och är avsett för mottagning av ett primärfluidum, företrädesvis hydraulolja. Ett andra utrymme 9 bildas i sagda hushalva 1A mellan den andra sidan 4B av kolven 4 och husgavel- väggen 6, och är avsett för mottagning av ett sekundärfluidum, företrädesvis luft.A space 8 is then formed in said housing half 1A, between one side surface 2A and 4A, respectively, of the valve unit 2 and of the piston 4, respectively, and is intended for receiving a primary fluid, preferably hydraulic oil. A second space 9 is formed in said housing half 1A between the other side 4B of the piston 4 and the housing end wall 6, and is intended for receiving a secondary fluid, preferably air.

På andra sidan om ventilenheten 2 bildas i den andra hushalvan 1B ett utrymme 10, mellan andra sidoytan 2B av ventilenheten 2 och ena sidan 11A av ett skiljeelement ll, som mottages i sagda hushalva 1B rörlig utmed husets inre mantelyta 3A, och som företrädesvis utgöres av en kolv i form av ett fritt rörligt element. Ett mottagningsutrymme 12 bildas mellan den andra sidan 11A av sagda kolvelement ll och husets andra gavel- 3 8206591-5 vägg 13, och är likaså avsett för mottagning av ett sekundär- fluidum, såsom exempelvis luft.On the other side of the valve unit 2, a space 10 is formed in the second housing half 1B, between the second side surface 2B of the valve unit 2 and one side 11A of a separating element 11, which is received in said housing half 1B movable along the inner casing surface 3A of the housing, and preferably a piston in the form of a freely movable element. A receiving space 12 is formed between the other side 11A of said piston element 11 and the second end wall 13 of the housing, and is also intended for receiving a secondary fluid, such as for instance air.

De båda för sekundärfluidum avsedda mottagnings- utrymmena 9 resp 12 uppvisar medel, såsom exempelvis öppningar 14 resp 15 i husgavelväggarna 6 resp 13, avsedda för fyllning resp evakuering av sekundärfluidum. Lämpligen är de båda sagda utrymmena 9 resp 12 via ledningar 16 resp 17 anslutna till en anordning 18, exempelvis en kompressor, som är avsedd för tillförsel av sekundärfluidum till sagda båda utrymmen 9 resp 12.The two receiving spaces 9 and 12, respectively, intended for secondary fluid, have means, such as, for example, openings 14 and 15, respectively, in the housing end walls 6 and 13, respectively, intended for filling and evacuating secondary fluid, respectively. Suitably, the two said spaces 9 and 12, respectively, are connected via lines 16 and 17, respectively, to a device 18, for example a compressor, which is intended for supplying secondary fluid to said two spaces 9 and 12, respectively.

Som klart framgår av figurerna 4 och 5 är de båda sagda för primärfluidum avsedda mottagningsutrymmena 8 resp 10 anordnade att kunna kommunicera med varandra via sagda _ ventilenhet 2, vilken lämpligen är utformad såsom en skivformig kropp anpassad till husets inre omkretsform.As is clear from Figures 4 and 5, the two said receiving spaces 8 and 10 intended for primary fluid are arranged to be able to communicate with each other via said valve unit 2, which is suitably designed as a disc-shaped body adapted to the inner circumferential shape of the housing.

En strypventil 19, som lämpligen bildas av ett gängförsett skruvelement, som är anordnat att mottagas av en företrädesvis gängförsedd öppning 20 i ventilenheten 2 och en öppning 21, som sträcker sig tvärs huset 1 genom höljet 3, fungerar förutom som manuellt inställbar strypventil även som fästelement för förbindning av sagda ventilenhet 2 med husets inre.A throttle valve 19, which is suitably formed by a threaded screw element, which is arranged to be received by a preferably threaded opening 20 in the valve unit 2 and an opening 21, which extends across the housing 1 through the housing 3, functions not only as a manually adjustable throttle valve also as a fastening element for connecting said valve unit 2 to the interior of the housing.

En passage 22, som sträcker sig genom ventilenhe- ten 2, tillåter så länge som strypventilen 19 hålles inställd i ett sådant läge att primärfluidum kan passera förbi densamma, kommunicerbarhet mellan sagda utrymmen 8 resp 10 via sagda pas- sage 22, förbi strypventilen 19. Vanligtvis inställes sagda strypventil 19 i ett sådant läge att endast en liten fluidum- ström tillátes passera genom sagda passage 22, såsom markeras med pilarna 23 i fig 4 och 5.A passage 22 extending through the valve unit 2 allows, as long as the throttle valve 19 is kept set in such a position that primary fluid can pass past it, communicability between said spaces 8 and 10 via said passage 22, past the throttle valve 19. Usually, said throttle valve 19 is set in such a position that only a small flow of fluid is allowed to pass through said passage 22, as marked by the arrows 23 in Figs. 4 and 5.

Passagen 22 är via en förgreningsledning 24 för- bunden med kammaren 25, i vilken mottages en företrädesvis som en slidventilkropp utformad ventilkropp 26, vilken är rörlig i riktning av pilarna 27 resp 28 utmed sagda kammare 25. Sagda kropp 26 har en mot sagda strypventil 19 vänd första tryckyta 26A samt uppvisar en företrädesvis som ett förminskat midjeparti utformad förbiledningspassage 29, vilken är avsedd att kunna upprätthålla en genomströmningspassage 30, som sträcker sig tvärs genom sagda ventilenhet 2, i området av sagda ventil- 8206591-3 4 kammare 25, och tillåta passage av primärfluidum mellan sagda utrymmen 8 resp 10 i riktning av pilarna 31 resp 32, när sagda passage 29 hålles i läge mitt för sagda passage 30, såsom visas i fig 5 pà ritningarna.The passage 22 is connected via a branch line 24 to the chamber 25, in which a valve body 26, preferably designed as a vaginal valve body, is received, which is movable in the direction of the arrows 27 and 28 along said chamber 25. Said body 26 has a throttle valve 19 facing first pressure surface 26A and having a bypass passage 29 preferably formed as a reduced waist portion, which is intended to be able to maintain a flow passage 30, which extends transversely through said valve unit 2, in the area of said valve chamber 25, and to allow passage of primary fluid between said spaces 8 and 10, respectively, in the direction of the arrows 31 and 32, respectively, when said passage 29 is held in position opposite to said passage 30, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings.

Ventilkroppen 26 är fjäderkraftpåverkad att föras i riktning av pilen 27 mot sagda strypventil 19, lämpligen medelst en tryckfjäderanordning 33, som verkar i sagda kammare 25 mellan ett manuellt pâverkbart inställningsorgan 34 och en andra hos ventilkroppen 26 bildad tryckyta 26B. Sagda inställ- ningsorgan 34 kan bildas av en gängad skruvanordning, som är anordnad att införas genom en öppning 35 i höljet 3 och mottagas av ett gängat hål 36 i en fjäderstyranordning 37, som är iskruvad vid änden av kammaren 25, och som uppvisar en till dess inre mynnande passage.The valve body 26 is spring-actuated to be guided in the direction of the arrow 27 towards said throttle valve 19, suitably by means of a compression spring device 33, which acts in said chamber 25 between a manually actuatable adjusting member 34 and a second pressure surface 26B formed by the valve body 26. Said adjusting means 34 can be formed by a threaded screw device, which is arranged to be inserted through an opening 35 in the housing 3 and is received by a threaded hole 36 in a spring guide device 37, which is screwed in at the end of the chamber 25, and which has another its inner mouth passage.

En passage 48 sträcker sig från området av sagda fjädermottagningsställe till det utrymme 8, vilket står i för- bindelse med det som en kolvanordning 4, 5 utformade rörelse~ överföringsorganet.A passage 48 extends from the area of said spring receiving point to the space 8, which communicates with the movement-transmitting means designed as a piston device 4, 5.

Såsom framgår av fig 2 och 3 sträcker sig även en passage 38 genom sagda ventilenhet 2, och vilken uppvisar en av primärfluidum påverkbar backventilkropp 39, exempelvis en kul- formig kropp, som av verkan från ett fjäderorgan 40 strävar att pressas i riktning att stänga sagda passage 38 och förhindra fluidum att passera. Vid ökat tryck av fluidum i utrymmet 8 påverkas kroppen 39 att tillåta fluidum att passera i stor mängd och med stor hastighet i riktning av pilen 41 via passagen 38 genom ventilenheten 2 in till utrymmet 10.As can be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, a passage 38 also extends through said valve unit 2, and which has a non-returnable valve body 39 which can be actuated by primary fluid, for example a spherical body, which by action of a spring means 40 tends to be pressed towards closing said passage 38 and prevent fluid from passing. With increased pressure of fluid in the space 8, the body 39 is caused to allow fluid to pass in a large amount and at a high speed in the direction of the arrow 41 via the passage 38 through the valve unit 2 into the space 10.

Funktionen av den ovan i detalj beskrivna anord- ningen kommer nu nedan att förklaras i samband med en borrmaskin för att åstadkomma förskjutning av maskinens verktygshàllare i matnings- och àtergångsriktningen relativt ett arbetsstycke och därvid åstadkomma en matningsrörelse av verktyget, som är snabbt, när verktyget föres i riktning mot och från arbetsstycket, men minskar vid kontakt mellan verktyget och arbetsstycket samt en långsammare önskad arbetsmatningshastighet. Naturligtvis kan uppfinningen tillämpas vid styrning av andra bearbetningsverktyg än borrar, såsom t ex vid slipning, gängning eller brotschning.The operation of the device described in detail above will now be explained below in connection with a drilling machine for effecting displacement of the machine tool holder in the feed and return direction relative to a workpiece and thereby effecting a feed movement of the tool which is fast when the tool is moved. in the direction of and from the workpiece, but decreases on contact between the tool and the workpiece and a slower desired work feed speed. Of course, the invention can be applied to the control of machining tools other than drills, such as for example in grinding, threading or reaming.

Kolvcylinderhuset l, som är fast anordnat, är med dess rörelseöverföringsorgan 5 förbunden med hållaren för en borr, vilken är anordnad att roteras i önskad borriktning. När 5 8206591-3 sekundärfluidum, t ex tryckluft, tillföres fràn'anordningen 18 till utrymmet 12 föres kolven 11 i riktning av pilen 42 och påverkar primärfluidumet i utrymmet 10 att införas genom pas- sagerna 22 och 30 i ventilenheten 2, såsom visas i fig 4. Genom trycksamverkan med tryckytan 26A hos ventilkroppen 26 pâverkas denna att föras i riktning av pilen 28 till det i fig 5 visade ändläget och tillåta fri passage mellan utrymmena 10 och 8 via passagen 30 och 29. Därvid pâverkas kolven 4 att via kolvstàngen 5 överföra matningsrörelse av borren i riktning av pilen 43 med stor hastighet, eftersom passagen 29, 30 tillåter genomströmning av stor mängd hydraulolja etc på kort tid. Lämpligen kan sagda snabbmatning justeras med en anordning, som reglerar tvärsnittet pà sagda passage 29, 30. ' När borren när kontakt med arbetsstycket stiger trycket i utrymmet 8 och i passagen 38, så att oljan samverkar med tryckytan 26B hos ventilkroppen 26 att föra densamma till dess i fig 4 visade ändläge i riktning av pilen 27. Därvid kan olja endast passera förbi strypventilen 19 till utrymmet 8 via passagen 22 med liten strömningshastighet. Kolven 4 pâverkas därvid att mata borren med en långsam medelst skruven 19 inställd matningshastighet, när borren föres genom arbetsstycket. Lämp- ligen är slidventilen 26 anordnad att påverkas av fjädern 33, så att den öppnas ca 0,05 kp/cmz under trycket i utrymmet 12. Desto mindre tryckskillnaden är desto lugnare genomgång av borren erhålles. Matarhastigheten justeras medelst skruven 34. Å* När borren är igenom arbetsstycket eller nått önskat borrdjup påverkas anordningen av ej visade ändlägesorgan att öka trycket i utrymmet 9 genom att detta fylles med luft.The piston-cylinder housing 1, which is fixedly arranged, is connected with its movement transmission means 5 to the holder for a drill, which is arranged to be rotated in the desired drilling direction. When secondary fluid, such as compressed air, is supplied from the device 18 to the space 12, the piston 11 is moved in the direction of the arrow 42 and causes the primary fluid in the space 10 to be introduced through the passages 22 and 30 in the valve unit 2, as shown in Figs. 4. By means of pressure engagement with the pressure surface 26A of the valve body 26, it is caused to be moved in the direction of the arrow 28 to the end position shown in Fig. 5 and to allow free passage between the spaces 10 and 8 via the passages 30 and 29. The piston 4 is caused to transmit via the piston rod 5 feeding movement of the drill in the direction of the arrow 43 at high speed, since the passage 29, 30 allows the flow of a large amount of hydraulic oil etc in a short time. Conveniently, said quick feed can be adjusted with a device which regulates the cross section of said passage 29, 30. When the drill reaches contact with the workpiece, the pressure in the space 8 and in the passage 38 rises, so that the oil cooperates with the pressure surface 26B of the valve body 26. its end position shown in Fig. 4 in the direction of the arrow 27. In this case, oil can only pass past the throttle valve 19 to the space 8 via the passage 22 with a low flow rate. The piston 4 is thereby actuated to feed the drill at a slow feed speed set by means of the screw 19, when the drill is passed through the workpiece. Suitably, the slide valve 26 is arranged to be actuated by the spring 33, so that it opens about 0.05 kp / cm 2 under the pressure in the space 12. The smaller the pressure difference, the calmer the passage of the drill is obtained. The feed speed is adjusted by means of the screw 34. Å * When the drill is through the workpiece or has reached the desired drilling depth, the device is actuated by end position means (not shown) to increase the pressure in the space 9 by filling it with air.

Därvid pâverkas kolven 4, 5 att föras i riktning av pilen 44 mot ventilenheten 2, så att backventilen 39 öppnas och släpper igenom olja från utrymmet 8 till utrymmet 10 med stor mängd på kort tid, så att borren matas tillbaka till dess utgångsläge med stor hastighet, samtidigt som kolven ll föres i riktning mot husändväggen 13 och luften i kammaren 12 evakueras.The piston 4, 5 is thereby caused to move in the direction of the arrow 44 towards the valve unit 2, so that the non-return valve 39 opens and lets oil through from the space 8 to the space 10 in a large amount in a short time, so that the drill is fed back to its initial position at high speed , at the same time as the piston 11 is moved in the direction of the housing end wall 13 and the air in the chamber 12 is evacuated.

Trycket, som anordnas att verka i utrymmet 12, är beroende av borrdiametern och kan regleras medelst anordningen ia.The pressure, which is arranged to act in the space 12, depends on the drilling diameter and can be regulated by means of the device ia.

Uppfinningen är ej begränsad till det ovan beskriv- na och på ritningarna visade utföringsexemplet, utan kan varieras till sina detaljer inom ramen för efterföljande patentkrav.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above and shown in the drawings, but can be varied in its details within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

8206591-3 (0 P a t e n t k r a v

Device in a machining machine for effecting the control of the feed movement for a machining tool movable in the direction of or from a workpiece, preferably a drilling device, by means of a fluid transfer means (4, 5) designed as a piston, two for receiving of a primary fluid, preferably hydraulic oil, intended spaces (8 and 10, respectively) are present, which are communicable with each other via a valve unit (2) provided with a number of fluid flow passages (22, 30), and that one of said two receiving spaces is connected to said for making the tool guide piston (4, 5), characterized in that the valve unit (2) comprises a valve body (26) which can be actuated by said primary fluid, which is formed by a chamber (25) movable along a chamber (25). direction towards one end of the spring force-actuated slide valve body (26), which has a bypass passage (29), for example in the form of a reduced waist portion (29), which makes it possible to connect the two spaces (8 and 10), respectively, when the body (26) is actuated to be held in a position forcibly displaced by said spring force action (Fig. 5), and that the body (26) by means of a first pressure surface (26A) communicates with one (10) of said two spaces (8, 10) and by a second pressure surface (26B) communicates with that of the spaces (8) connected to the piston (4). , 5), the pressure of the fluid in the two chambers (8, 10) causing said valve body (26) to move automatically to a first position after the action of the fluid by the respective valve pressure surface (26A, 268), in which reduced passage between the two chambers (8, 10) is obtained and the tool, by reduced supply of driving fluid to the space (8) adjacent to the piston (4,5), is enabled to be actuated by the piston (4, 5) to be moved with the desired processing feed speed, respectively to a second position (Fig. 5), in which increased passage between the two chambers (8, 10) å is provided and the tool is made possible to move at a fast feed speed in the direction of and / or from the workpiece by increased supply or diversion of fluid to or from the space (8) adjacent to the piston (4,5). 7 8206591-3

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve unit (2) is received in a piston-cylinder housing (1) along which one cylinder housing half (1A) said as a movable piston (4) designed as a transfer means is received and that said primary fluid receiving space (8), which is connected to the transfer means (4, 5) is located in said cylinder housing half (1A) and adjoins one surface (2A and 4A) of said valve unit (2) and piston (4), respectively, and that it said further arranged space (10) is located in the second half (1B) of the piston-cylinder housing and adjoins the second side surface (ZB) of the valve unit.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the valve unit (2) is formed by a disc-shaped body, which has a circumferential shape, which substantially corresponds to the inner shape of the piston-cylinder housing and which is arranged to be attached to said piston-cylinder housing housing ( 3).

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end of said chamber (25), which receives said first valve pressure surface (26A), communicates freely with one of the primary fluid receiving spaces (19) or communicates via a preferably manually adjustable throttle valve (19) with the other (8) of the two primary fluid receiving spaces (8, 10), which is connected to the transfer means (4, 5).

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the end of said chamber (25), which receives said second valve pressure surface (26B), communicates with the space (8), which is connected to the transfer means (4, 5) and receives a compression spring device (33) acting between the piston-cylinder housing (1) and the valve body (2), which has a manually actuable means (34) for spring force adjustment.

Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the valve unit (2) is arranged to be held in a piston-cylinder housing (1) by means of said actuating means (19, 34) serving for the throttle valve setting and the spring force setting, respectively. , which are preferably formed by screws received in the screw receiving openings (20, 21 and 35, 37) extending transversely to the piston-cylinder housing (1).

Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve unit (2) has a non-return valve (39), which enables rapid evacuation of fluid from the space (8) which is connected with the transfer means (4, 5) to the other (10) of the two said spaces (8, 10).

Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separating element (II), preferably in the form of a movable piston (11), is received in one of said two primary fluid receiving spaces (10) and separates it from a filling space (12) which can be filled for secondary fluid, preferably air, which communicates with a device (18) intended for secondary fluid supply.

Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said secondary fluid supply device (18) communicates with a second space (9) which can be filled for secondary fluid, which is formed by an adjoining means of the transfer means (4, 5). on the piston-cylinder chamber (9) located from said primary fluid receiving space (4B) facing said means (4, 5), which is arranged to be able to be rapidly filled with secondary fluid in order to effect rapid return of the tool.