SE440259B - HIGH PRECISION ROLLING STOCK WHERE THE ROLLING ELEMENT IS COVERED WITH A TITAN CARBID DIFFUSION LOCK - Google Patents

HIGH PRECISION ROLLING STOCK WHERE THE ROLLING ELEMENT IS COVERED WITH A TITAN CARBID DIFFUSION LOCK

Info

Publication number
SE440259B
SE440259B SE7800545A SE7800545A SE440259B SE 440259 B SE440259 B SE 440259B SE 7800545 A SE7800545 A SE 7800545A SE 7800545 A SE7800545 A SE 7800545A SE 440259 B SE440259 B SE 440259B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
carbid
titan
covered
high precision
bearings
Prior art date
Application number
SE7800545A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE7800545L (en
Inventor
J Lammer
H R Kocher
H-E Hintermann
Original Assignee
Suisse Horlogerie Rech Lab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Suisse Horlogerie Rech Lab filed Critical Suisse Horlogerie Rech Lab
Publication of SE7800545L publication Critical patent/SE7800545L/en
Publication of SE440259B publication Critical patent/SE440259B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/32—Balls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/87—Ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/303—Parts of ball or roller bearings of hybrid bearings, e.g. rolling bearings with steel races and ceramic rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/56—Selection of substances
    • F16C33/565—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/56—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic carbides, e.g. silicon carbide (SiC)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/80—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal
    • F16C2206/82—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal based on tungsten carbide [WC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6696—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

1s0o5h5'1 10 15 20 25 30 35 H0 2 temperaturintervallet upp till U50°C och i högvakuum har kullager, som haft titankarbidbelagda rullbanor, använts (Schweizer Archiv für angewandte Wissenschaft und Technik, vol 22 (1967), Sid 157-155 och vol åâ (1970) sid 189-193 och Proceedings of the first European space tribology symposium, Frescati, ESA SP III, Italien, 9-ll april, 1975, sid 281-291). Titan har mycket låg friktionshärdighet mot stål och tjänar vid denna användning samtidigt som en diffusíons- spärr mot stålkulorna. 1s0o5h5'1 10 15 20 25 30 35 H0 2 temperature range up to U50 ° C and in high vacuum ball bearings, which had titanium carbide-coated roller conveyors, have been used (Swiss Archive for Applied Science and Technology, vol 22 (1967), pages 157-155 and vol åâ (1970) pp. 189-193 and Proceedings of the first European space tribology symposium, Frescati, ESA SP III, Italy, 9-ll April, 1975, pp. 281-291). Titanium has a very low frictional resistance to steel and serves this use at the same time as a diffusion barrier against the steel balls.

Olägenheterna med denna skyddsbeläggning, som framställts ge- nom en avsättning ur gasfas, är den höga avsättningstemperaturen (8oo-12oo°c). Rullagerstål, såsom ståien DIN 1oo cr 6 eller Ars: HUOC visar en så stor deformering vid dessa beläggningstemperaturer, att lager av typklass ABEC 0-9 enligt AFBMA icke kan framställas.The disadvantages of this protective coating, which are produced by a deposition from the gas phase, are the high deposition temperature (800-120 ° C). Roller bearing steels, such as the stand DIN 1000 cr 6 or Ars: HUOC, show such a large deformation at these coating temperatures that bearings of type class ABEC 0-9 according to AFBMA cannot be produced.

Föreliggande uppfinning avser en ny typ av precisionsrullnings- lager för användning i extrem mi1jö,vilket lager säkerställer stan- dard ÅÉEP 0-9 efllífifi ÅFBMÅ- Föreliggande högprecisionsrullnings- lager kännetecknas därav, att rullelementen är utförda av bunden karbid och belagda med en diffusionsspärr av titankarbid med låg friktion, vilken avsatts genom kemisk ångavsättning.The present invention relates to a new type of precision rolling bearing for use in extreme environments, which bearing ensures standard ÅÉEP 0-9 e fl lí fifi ÅFBMÅ. with low friction, which is deposited by chemical vapor deposition.

Föreliggande rullager utnyttjar även de goda friktionsegen- skaperna hos titankarbid eller andra lämpliga hårdmetaller mot stål och deras låga löslighet i varandra, för att ytorna hos friktions- delarna skall ha erforderliga fysikalisk-kemiska egenskaper. Av detta skäl ersättes stålkulorna i normala precisionskullager med hårdmetallkulor (kulor av bunden karbid), som är belagda med en nöt- ningshärdig hårdmetall med låg friktionskoefficient, som verkar så- som en diffusionsspärr. Karbider och/eller nitrider och/eller karbo- nitrider och/eller borider och/eller silicider och/eller oxider av element från grupp III-VI i det periodiska systemet användes såsom hårda och nötningshärdíga material med låg friktionskoefficient mot Kulorna av bunden karbid kan beläggas vid Tillverkare av pre- kullagerringmaterialet. hög temperatur utan skada eller deformering. cisionskullager kan färdigbearbeta dessa belagda kullager till den tolerans, som fordras av typklassen enligt AFBMA-standard.The present roller bearings also utilize the good friction properties of titanium carbide or other suitable cemented carbide steels and their low solubility in each other, in order for the surfaces of the friction parts to have the required physicochemical properties. For this reason, the steel balls in normal precision ball bearings are replaced with carbide balls (balls of bonded carbide), which are coated with a wear-resistant carbide with a low coefficient of friction, which acts as a diffusion barrier. Carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or borides and / or silicides and / or oxides of Group III-VI elements of the Periodic Table were used as hard and abrasion-resistant materials with a low coefficient of friction against the spheres of bonded carbide can be coated at Manufacturer of pre-ball bearing material. high temperature without damage or deformation. cision ball bearings can finish processing these coated ball bearings to the tolerance required by the type class according to the AFBMA standard.

Genom denna framställningsmetod är det även möjligt att giva precisionskullager erforderligt skydd för användning under extrema betingelser. Kulorna av bunden karbid ger dessutom lager med en ökad styvhet av 10-20 Z.By this manufacturing method it is also possible to give precision ball bearings the necessary protection for use under extreme conditions. The balls of bonded carbide also provide bearings with an increased stiffness of 10-20 Z.

Ringarna kan framställas av stål eller av hörtemperaturlege- ringar och/eller korrosionshärdiga legeringar. Hållarenkan framstäl- 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 7800545-1 z las av ett stål, som vanligen användes för detta ändamål Och SOM har en torrsmörjmedelsbeläggning, eller en Dlflfï» S0” eventuellt kan ha självsmörjande inneslutningar eller beläggningar.The rings can be made of steel or of hearing temperature alloys and / or corrosion-resistant alloys. The holder can be made of a steel commonly used for this purpose and which has a dry lubricant coating, or a Dl fl fï »S0” may optionally have self-lubricating inclusions or coatings.

Under tillåtande av ytterligare av färdigbehandling och en- ligt fordringarna i lagertypklassen slipas hårdmetallkulorna till erforderlig noggrannhet och tolerans. De belägges därefter med ett hårdmateríal (hårdmetall) genom kemisk ângaväütning eller på annat lämpligt sätt. Detta kan utföras enligt det förfarande, som beskri- ves i den schweiziska patentskriften H55 856 för precisionsdelar.With the permission of further finishing and in accordance with the requirements in the bearing type class, the cemented carbide balls are ground to the required accuracy and tolerance. They are then coated with a hard material (cemented carbide) by chemical vapor wetting or by other suitable means. This can be done according to the method described in the Swiss patent specification H55 856 for precision parts.

Kulorna färdigbearbetas därefter till erforderlig noggrannhet och lagren sammansättes med förutsedd hållare och ring.The balls are then finished to the required accuracy and the bearings are assembled with the provided holder and ring.

Serieframställda, demonterbara ringar av erforderlig typklass kan användas.Series-made, demountable rings of the required type can be used.

Föreliggande uppfinning visas i följande tillämpningsexempel. 1) Livslängden hos lager i en heliumkyld kärnreaktor skulle ökas för ökning av tiden mellan underhållen. V Kullager framställes enligt uppfinningen med kulor av bunden karbid (hårdmetall), varvid kulorna var belagda med en 6 um tjock diffusionsspärr av titankarbid genom kemisk ångavsättninq, såsom beskrivas í den amerikanska patentskriften 3 6ü2 522 (schweiziska patentskriften H55 856), varvid ringarna var rullagerstål DIN 100 Cr 6 och hållarna molybdendisulfidbelagt stål. Lagren hade en livslängd som var 25 gånger den för normala lager, som använ- de stålkulor, vid användning i rent helium vid 320°C och vid 100 r/min. 2) Lager av höghastighetsroterande röntgenstrålanoder (antikatoder) utsättes under sin drift för mycket hög värmestrålning. Använd- ningen av konventionella lager nödvändiggör icke endast en myck- et intensiv driftövervakning, utan medför även risken för drift- stopp i röntgenanläggningen i ett kritiskt ögonblick.The present invention is illustrated in the following application examples. 1) The life of bearings in a helium-cooled nuclear reactor would be increased to increase the time between maintenance. Ball bearings are made according to the invention with spheres of bonded carbide (cemented carbide), the balls being coated with a 6 μm thick diffusion barrier of titanium carbide by chemical vapor deposition, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,222 (Swiss Pat. DIN 100 Cr 6 and the holders molybdenum disulphide coated steel. The bearings had a service life of 25 times that of normal bearings using steel balls, when used in pure helium at 320 ° C and at 100 rpm. 2) Bearings of high-speed rotating X-ray anodes (anti-cathodes) are exposed to very high heat radiation during operation. The use of conventional bearings not only necessitates very intensive operational monitoring, but also entails the risk of downtime in the X-ray facility at a critical moment.

För att förbättra livslängden hos höghastighetsroterande röntgen- strålanoder och antikatoder kan kullager användas med kulor av bunden karbid och belagda enligt ett lämpligt förfarande, t ex det som beskrives i den amerikanska patentskriften 3 642 522 med en diffusionsspärr av titankarbid med tjockleken 6 um, med ringar av rullagerstål DIN 100 Cr 6 och med molybdendisulfidbelagda bnnßhålhne. I det fall då gängse smörjmedel, oljor eller fetter användes har föreliggande lager fördelen av utomordentlig pålit- líflhet på grund av den låga friktionskoefficienten mellan titan- karbid och stål. 10 78Û05#5-1 3) Lager för användning i yttre rymden måste skyddas gentemot hop- svetsning. På grund av den begränsade mängden tillgänglig energi bör de dessutom ha mycket lågt igångsättningsmoment.To improve the life of high speed rotating X-ray anodes and anticatodes, ball bearings can be used with bonded carbide balls and coated according to a suitable method, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,642,522 with a 6 μm thickness titanium carbide diffusion barrier, of roller bearing steel DIN 100 Cr 6 and with molybdenum disulphide coated bnnßhålhne. In the case where common lubricants, oils or greases are used, the present bearing has the advantage of excellent reliability due to the low coefficient of friction between titanium carbide and steel. 10 78Û05 # 5-1 3) Bearings for use in outer space must be protected against welding. In addition, due to the limited amount of energy available, they should have a very low starting torque.

Kullager enligt föreliggande uppfinning med titankarbídbelagda kulor av bunden karbid, ringar av rostfritt stål AISI ÄÄOC och hållare av brons har erforderliga fysikalisk-kemiska egen- skaper för användning i yttre rymden, t ex låg friktionskoeffi~ cient (åtta gånger mindre än motsvarande fall med stål mot stål) och låg ömsesidig löslíghet av stålet och titankarbiden, vilket hindrar kallsvetsning av rullfriktionsdelarna;Ball bearings according to the present invention with titanium carbide coated balls of bonded carbide, stainless steel rings AISI ÄÄOC and bronze holders have the required physicochemical properties for use in outer space, eg low coefficient of friction (eight times less than the corresponding case with steel against steel) and low mutual solubility of the steel and titanium carbide, which prevents cold welding of the roller friction parts;

Claims (1)

1. 78005454 5 PÄTENTKRÅV Högprecísionsrullningslager, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att rullelementen är utförda av bunden karbíd och belagdd med en diffusionsspärr av titankarbíd med låg friktien, vilken avsatts gçnom kemisk ångavsättning.78005454 5 PÄTENTKRÅV High-precision rolling bearings, characterized in that the rolling elements are made of bonded carbide and coated with a low-friction titanium carbide diffusion barrier, which is deposited by chemical vapor deposition.
SE7800545A 1977-01-21 1978-01-17 HIGH PRECISION ROLLING STOCK WHERE THE ROLLING ELEMENT IS COVERED WITH A TITAN CARBID DIFFUSION LOCK SE440259B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH80277A CH624741A5 (en) 1977-01-21 1977-01-21 Precision rolling bearing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE7800545L SE7800545L (en) 1978-07-22
SE440259B true SE440259B (en) 1985-07-22

Family

ID=4195523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE7800545A SE440259B (en) 1977-01-21 1978-01-17 HIGH PRECISION ROLLING STOCK WHERE THE ROLLING ELEMENT IS COVERED WITH A TITAN CARBID DIFFUSION LOCK

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS53131285A (en)
AT (1) AT381995B (en)
BE (1) BE863101A (en)
CH (1) CH624741A5 (en)
DE (2) DE7800563U1 (en)
FR (1) FR2378204A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1589041A (en)
IT (1) IT1101903B (en)
NL (1) NL7800108A (en)
SE (1) SE440259B (en)

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Also Published As

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FR2378204B1 (en) 1982-10-15
JPS53131285A (en) 1978-11-15
IT1101903B (en) 1985-10-07
DE2800854A1 (en) 1978-07-27
IT7847599A0 (en) 1978-01-11
DE2800854C2 (en) 1983-08-18
GB1589041A (en) 1981-05-07
ATA370277A (en) 1986-05-15
NL7800108A (en) 1978-07-25
SE7800545L (en) 1978-07-22
AT381995B (en) 1986-12-29
CH624741A5 (en) 1981-08-14
BE863101A (en) 1978-05-16
DE7800563U1 (en) 1978-06-08
FR2378204A1 (en) 1978-08-18
JPS5647950B2 (en) 1981-11-12

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