SE434316B - Fuel rod for nuclear reactor - Google Patents
Fuel rod for nuclear reactorInfo
- Publication number
- SE434316B SE434316B SE8301772A SE8301772A SE434316B SE 434316 B SE434316 B SE 434316B SE 8301772 A SE8301772 A SE 8301772A SE 8301772 A SE8301772 A SE 8301772A SE 434316 B SE434316 B SE 434316B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- zirconium
- weight
- layer
- tin
- fuel rod
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/16—Details of the construction within the casing
- G21C3/20—Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
81301772-3 I Det är känt att i det invändiga skíktet använda zirkonium med en föroren- ingsnalt av minst 1 000 ppm (parts per million) och högst 5 000 ppm. Av föroreningarna utgöres därvid 200-1 200 ppm av syre. Halter av andra för- oreningar ligger inom de normala gränserna för resp ämnen i kommersiell zirkoniumsvamp av reaktorkvalitet, vilket innebär för aluminium 75 ppm eller mindre, för bor 0,H ppm eller mindre, för kadmium 0,U ppm eller mindre, för kol 270 ppm eller mindre, för krom 200 ppm eller mindre, för kobolt 20 ppm eller mindre, för koppar 50 ppm eller mindre, för hafnium l00 ppm eller mindre, för väte 20 ppm eller mindre, för järn I 500 ppm eller mindre, för molybden SO ppm eller mindre, för nickel 70 ppm eller mindre, för niob 100 ppm eller mindre, för kväve 80 ppm eller mindre, för kisel 120 ppm eller mindre, för tenn 50 ppm eller mindre, för volfram 100 ppm eller mindre, för titan 50 ppm eller mindre samt för uran 3,5 ppm eller mindre. Det är också känt att i det invändiga skiktet använda zirkonium med en föroreningshalt av mindre än 1 000 ppm. 81301772-3 I It is known to use zirconium in the inner layer with a pollution level of at least 1,000 ppm (parts per million) and at most 5,000 ppm. Of the impurities, 200-1,200 ppm are oxygen. Concentrations of other impurities are within the normal limits for the respective substances in commercial grade zirconium fungi, which means for aluminum 75 ppm or less, for boron 0, H ppm or less, for cadmium 0, U ppm or less, for carbon 270 ppm or less, for chromium 200 ppm or less, for cobalt 20 ppm or less, for copper 50 ppm or less, for hafnium 100 ppm or less, for hydrogen 20 ppm or less, for iron I 500 ppm or less, for molybdenum SO ppm or less, for nickel 70 ppm or less, for niobium 100 ppm or less, for nitrogen 80 ppm or less, for silicon 120 ppm or less, for tin 50 ppm or less, for tungsten 100 ppm or less, for titanium 50 ppm or less and for uranium 3.5 ppm or less. It is also known to use zirconium with an impurity content of less than 1,000 ppm in the inner layer.
Det är vidare känt att i det invändiga skyddsskiktet använda zirkonium inne- hållande molybden i en halt av högst 3 viktprocent eller kol, fosfor eller kisel i en halt av högst 1 viktprocent. Sådan zirkonium liksom zirkonium innehållande högst 3 viktprocent titan eller högst 1 viktprocent tenn är ett förhållandevis mjukt material med god resistens mot förhårdnande vid neutron- bestrålníng. Det har en avsevärt bättre resistens mot spånningskorrosion än materialet i kapselröret. Tjockleken hos det mot spänningskorrosion resistenta skiktet är lämpligen 0,005~O,8 mm och företrädesvis 0,05-0,1 mm.It is further known to use zirconium containing molybdenum in a content of not more than 3% by weight or carbon, phosphorus or silicon in a content of not more than 1% by weight in the inner protective layer. Such zirconium as zirconium containing not more than 3% by weight of titanium or not more than 1% by weight of tin is a relatively soft material with good resistance to hardening by neutron irradiation. It has a significantly better resistance to stress corrosion than the material in the canister tube. The thickness of the stress corrosion resistant layer is suitably 0.005 ~ 0.8 mm and preferably 0.05-0.1 mm.
Enligt den föreliggande uppfinningen användes ett mot spänningskorrosion resistent skikt av annat material än zirkonium innehållande högst 5000 ppm av i kommersiell zirkoniumsvamp av reaktorkvalitet ingående föroreningar, vilket material har större resistens mot spänningskorrosion än den zirko- niumbaserade legeringen i kapselröret och består av zirkonium innehållande andra ämnen än zirkonium i en halt av högst 3 viktprocent. På den mot kapselrörets centrum vända ytan av det resistenta skiktet är anbringat ett skyddsskikt av en zirkoniumbaserad legering innehållande 1,2-1,7 viktpro- cent tenn, 0,07-0,2H viktprocent järn, 0,05-0,15 viktprocent krom, 0-0,08 viktprocent nickel ooh 0,09-0,16 viktprocent syre, rest zirkonium och i zirkonium av reaktorkvalitet normalt förekommande föroreningar.According to the present invention, a stress corrosion resistant layer of material other than zirconium containing up to 5000 ppm of contaminants contained in reactor grade commercial zirconium sponge is used, which material has greater resistance to stress corrosion than the zirconium based alloy in the canister tube and consists of zirconium containing other substances. than zirconium in a content not exceeding 3% by weight. On the surface of the resistant layer facing the center of the capsule tube, a protective layer of a zirconium-based alloy containing 1.2-1.7% by weight of tin, 0.07-0.2H% by weight of iron, 0.05-0.15% by weight is applied. chromium, 0-0.08% by weight of nickel and 0.09-0.16% by weight of oxygen, residual zirconium and impurities normally present in reactor grade zirconium.
Den zirkoniumbaserade legeringen i skyddsskíktet består företrädesvis av en av de under handelsnamnen Zircaloy 2 eller Zircaloy H kända legeringarna, vilkas innehåll av tenn, järn, krom, nickel och syre ligger inom de i före- gående stycke angivna gränserna. Zircaloy 2 innehåller 1r,2-1,7 viktprocent '\f1 3 azo1v72-3 tenn, 0,07-0,20 viktprocent järn, 0,05-0,15 viktprouent krom, 0,03-0,08 vlktprocent nickel och 0,09-0,16 viktprocent syre Zircaloy H innehåller 1,2-1,7 víktprocent tenn, 0,18-0,2H viktprocent järn, 0,57-0,13 viktprocent krom och 0,09-0,16 viktprocent syre. Tjockleken nos skyddsskiktet uppgår lämpligen till 0,005-0,8 mm och företrädesvis till 0,01-0,3 mm.The zirconium-based alloy in the protective layer preferably consists of one of the alloys known under the trade names Zircaloy 2 or Zircaloy H, the content of which of tin, iron, chromium, nickel and oxygen is within the limits specified in the preceding paragraph. Zircaloy 2 contains 1r, 2-1.7% by weight of azo1v72-3 tin, 0.07-0.20% by weight of iron, 0.05-0.15% by weight of chromium, 0.03-0.08% by weight of nickel and 0.09-0.16% by weight oxygen Zircaloy H contains 1.2-1.7% by weight of tin, 0.18-0.2H% by weight of iron, 0.57-0.13% by weight of chromium and 0.09-0.16% by weight oxygen. The thickness of the nose protective layer suitably amounts to 0.005-0.8 mm and preferably to 0.01-0.3 mm.
Materialet i kapselröret utgöres lämpligen av en zirkoniumbaserad legering med en sammansättning som faller under den för :k~ddsskiktet i näst före- gående stycke definierade sammansättningen. Särskilt föredrages ett kapsel- rör av Zircaloy 2 eller Zircaloy U.The material of the canister tube is suitably a zirconium-based alloy having a composition which falls below the composition defined for the cladding layer in the next preceding paragraph. Particularly preferred is a capsule tube of Zircaloy 2 or Zircaloy U.
Det mot spänningskorrosion resistenta skiktet kan bestå av zirkonium inne- hållande 0,1-3 viktprocent molybden och/eller 0,03-1 viktprocent kol och/ eller 0,03-1 viktprocent fosfor och/eller 0,03-1 viktprocent kisel eller 0,1-1 viktprocent tenn eller 0,1-3 viktprocent titan samt sådana föroren- ingar, som normalt ingår i kommersiell zirkoniumsvamp av reaktorkvalítet.The stress corrosion resistant layer may consist of zirconium containing 0.1-3% by weight of molybdenum and / or 0.03-1% by weight of carbon and / or 0.03-1% by weight of phosphorus and / or 0.03-1% by weight of silicon or 0.1-1% by weight of tin or 0.1-3% by weight of titanium and such impurities, which are normally included in commercial reactor-grade zirconium sponge.
Funktionen hos skyddsskiktet, som således är beläget innerst i röret, är att skydda det mot spänningskorrosion resistenta skíktet mot eventuell kontakt med vatten i den händelse en läcka skulle uppstå i ett kapselrör i en reak- tor med vatten som kylmedel. Läckan kan t ex utgöras av ett hål i en svets- fog. Vid kontakt mellan i kapselröret inträngt vatten och det resistenta skiktet reagerar vattnet och zirkoniumet i nämnda skikt häftigt under vätgas- bildning, med följd att skador uppstår i bränslestaven. Sprickor som kan upp- stå i skyddsskiktet på grund av spänningskorrosion medför att endast små ytor av det resistenta skiktet exponeras, vilket innebär att skyddsskiktets effek- tivitet i allt väsentligt bibehålles även om sprickor uppträder i det. Det -resistenta skiktet förhindrar att förekommande sprickor i skyddsskiktet fort- plantar sig genom hela kapselröret.The function of the protective layer, which is thus located in the innermost part of the pipe, is to protect the stress-corrosion-resistant layer against possible contact with water in the event that a leak should occur in a canister pipe in a reactor with water as coolant. The leak can, for example, consist of a hole in a weld joint. Upon contact between water penetrated into the canister tube and the resistant layer, the water and zirconium in said layer react violently during hydrogen formation, with the result that damage occurs in the fuel rod. Cracks that can occur in the protective layer due to stress corrosion mean that only small surfaces of the resistant layer are exposed, which means that the effectiveness of the protective layer is essentially maintained even if cracks appear in it. The resistant layer prevents cracks in the protective layer from propagating through the entire canister tube.
Uppfinningen skall förklaras närmare genom beskrivning av utföringsexempel under hänvisning till bifogade ritning, som visar ett tvärsnitt av en bränsle- stav enligt den föreliggande uppfinningen. 0,5 viktdelar tenn blandas med 99,5 viktdelar kommersiell zirkoniumsvamp av reaktorkvalitet med i beskrivningen tidigare angiven sammansättning. Ett rör med en väggtjocklek av 1,25 mm och en ytterdiameter av UM mm tillverkas av blandningen under det att den smältes. Röret anordnas i ett rör av Zircaloy 2The invention will be explained in more detail by describing exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows a cross section of a fuel rod according to the present invention. 0.5 parts by weight of tin are mixed with 99.5 parts by weight of commercial grade zirconium sponge with a composition previously stated in the description. A tube with a wall thickness of 1.25 mm and an outer diameter of UM mm is made of the mixture while it is melting. The tube is arranged in a tube of Zircaloy 2
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8301772A SE434316B (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Fuel rod for nuclear reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8301772A SE434316B (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Fuel rod for nuclear reactor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8301772D0 SE8301772D0 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
SE434316B true SE434316B (en) | 1984-07-16 |
Family
ID=20350610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8301772A SE434316B (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Fuel rod for nuclear reactor |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SE (1) | SE434316B (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-03-30 SE SE8301772A patent/SE434316B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE8301772D0 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
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