SE426964B - A building element - Google Patents

Abstract

The building element, especially for use in south- positioning in combination with regular wall construction or as a ceiling or floor design consisting of an external wall 1, made of iron ore concrete with moulded cavities 8 filled with material that binds heat during phase change and an inner wall 2 consisting of an assembly cartridge 13 with an airspace 3 between the walls. In front of the black coloured outer wall and with an air space 7 in between, there is a pane of glass 6 and in the air space, a Venetian blind 11. The wall is connected with bolts 5 pulled through remaining spacer pipes 8 from the moulding of the outer wall. In the outer wall there are also moulded pipes 9, 20, for pressurized air, vacuum, electricity, etc. The assembly cartridges 13 are made of standard units 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24 and allow space for various functions such as insulation, heat accumulation, ducts for ventilation, smoke gases, water and compressors and vacuum pumps, control devices 19, etc. The building element can be combined with fireplaces, smoke gas purification, heat exchangers, heat accumulators, water and rock or ground storage of energy, plant cultivation, wastewater purification, etc. <IMAGE>

Description

8000950-9 'an essential part of the construction work. A far-reaching rationalization of production at the same time as high demands on the function of the finished building while ensuring the flexibility makes it necessary to combine large-scale industrial production of light and technically qualified components with a bulk transport to the construction site of the heavy and simple details required to fulfill the essential functions.

A basic idea in the present invention is that the constituent components should be able to be combined in a large system which makes it possible to choose the alternative and the ambition for storage of solar energy and recovery of waste heat which is of particular interest in the current circumstances. .

One may thus want a 24-hour equalization of the temperature with energy storage in a material with high heat capacity, for example iron ore concrete, which according to the invention can be combined with phase change in, for example, paraffin, or a long-term storage in water or seasonal storage in soil or bedrock.

A well-known and used combination of solar panels and heat accumulators is the so-called Thromb Wall, a solid, black south wall, the outside of which absorbs solar heat during the day. At night, the inside of the road emits heat to the underlying spaces. The outside of the wall is covered with glass with an air gap between the wall and the glass, and the air gap can be connected at the top either to the room behind or to the outside air. On the room side, a thin diaphragm valve is often fitted to prevent heat loss when the air gap is cooled during cold winter nights, and in the lower part of the wall there are ducts into the room, usually fitted with valves to prevent colds entering the room at night.

Such a passive wall can be improved by arranging a shutter in the air gap in front of the wall with one side matt black and the other side reflective. This enables a certain control, e.g. when the wall is combined with biological processes. The function can be operated even further if the wall's heat capacity is increased, for example with paraffin-filled pipes cast in the iron ore concrete. Furthermore, according to the invention, an air gap can be arranged on the rear side delimited by a secondary heat accumulator in the form of a second wall. This wall is built up of mounting cassettes according to the invention consisting of eooosso-9 standard components which can be combined in different ways into mounting cassettes. The mounting cassettes according to the invention are then assembled into an inner wall with desired properties, for example a series of accumulators at different temperature levels, air ducts, housings for valves and fans, flue gas purifiers, flue chambers, etc.

The invention will be described in detail in connection with the accompanying drawings which show in Fig. 1 a wall according to the invention, Figs. 2a-f the standard parts of a mounting cassette, Figs. 3a-c inner walls according to the invention and Fig. 4 advanced system with high level of ambition according to the invention. The wall according to the invention is built up of an outer wall 1 and a functional wall, inner wall, 2 with an air gap 3 in between. The outer wall is cast as a sheet of iron ore concrete between plywood boards which are kept at the right distance from each other with spacer tubes 4, the spacer tubes being allowed to remain and together with bolts 5 serve for joining a front glass sheet 6 separated from the concrete wall by an air gap 7. and with the underlying inner wall 2.

Thin-walled, vertical iron pipes 8 are also cast into the concrete wall, which can be filled with paraffin or other relatively inert material of a purple kind with a melting point between about 45 and 60 ° C. The wall's heat storage capacity can thus be significantly increased by the fact that the paraffin can absorb saline heat during heat absorption, which is released during solidification when the temperature drops.

Tubes 9 for electrical lines, vacuum and compressed air, as well as transverse ducts 10 in the upper edge and lower edge for air circulation through the solar collector are also cast into the concrete wall. The front of the concrete wall is colored black and in the air gap 7 between the wall and the covering glass sheet 6 a blind or curtain 11 is arranged. The glass sheet 6 is fixed in a frame 12 which is mounted together with the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 2 with the bolts 5.

The inner wall or functional wall 2 is made up of mounting cassettes 13, screwed together by angle iron frames 14, front cover plates 15, side cover plates designed in different ways and filling of various kinds.

The cassette shown in Fig. 1 has a valve cover plate 16, with a valve tube 17 and a shut-off balloon 18. A control relay 19 for the shut-off balloon 18 is also shown in this cassette and in a similar manner is compression and vacuum pump as well as pressure equalization aooosso-9 L cylinders mounted in other cassettes, whereby connection is made through the pipes 9 with their branch pipes 20.

The standard elements included in the mounting cassettes are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2a shows an angle iron frame 14 with holes for screwing together with cover plates and adjacent cassettes. A mounting bolt for the wall is shown inserted in the frame. Fig. 2b shows a side cover plate 21, one edge of which is angled and the other edge recessed corresponding to the angular bend so that four side cover plates can be assembled into an outwardly smooth square tube, which can be joined with two angle iron frames 14 and two front cover plates 23 to a mounting cassette.

The valve side plate 16, Fig. 2c, differs from the plate 21 in that it is provided with an opening for fastening the valve tube 17.

When filling with compressed air, the shut-off balloon 18 closes the valve tube tightly and thus prevents circulation through the cassette.

A cassette with several valve plates can thus be caused to circulate air or other gases in desired directions with a pneumatic control device. Side cover plates 22 in the form of grids are shown in Fig. 2d and are used in particular to delimit heat accumulation spaces.

The front and back of the cassettes are covered with front cover plates 23, see Fig. 2f, which can also be designed with an opening for fitting valve pipes, as shown with the valve plate 24.

The above-mentioned eight standard elements can be screwed together by a layman without any special knowledge in different ways depending on the desired use. The detailed design of the elements can of course vary. For example, the side cover plates can also be in the form of flat plates when not too high demands are placed on the strength of the wall without the construction thereby falling outside the scope of the invention.

-By combining different cassettes and possibly filling them with different materials, you can build an inner wall with the most different functions. The cassettes can thus be joined together to form air drums and valves, to provide space for pipelines, hot water accumulators, tubular bioconversion units and more, or to function as heat accumulators only by filling with stone, as insulation by filling with insulating material. etc.

With a wall according to the invention built up of the standard components, it is thus possible to obtain all the necessary, qualified functions for the operation of a house, such as aeoossofs a) heat recovery from ventilation air, wastewater, flue gases and from machines, b) recover solar energy and c) bioconvert organic waste.

Examples of different compositions of inner walls are shown in Figs. 3a-c.

In Fig. 3a, a number of stone-filled cassettes 25 with valve openings are mounted so that a continuous channel 26 shown in dashed lines is formed from one corner to another. The outermost cassettes 27 are filled with insulating material. The wall is divided into three sections, 28, 29, 30, each comprising a hairpin loop of the channel 26, and with barrier blisters 17 in suitable valve openings, the wall can be controlled to use one or more of the sections for heat accumulation.

With a double installation of such walls, heat exchange can take place between outdoor air and indoor air, where the air flow may alternate between the two accumulating walls.

Fig. 3b shows a wood-burning stove 33 from which the smoke passes through mounting cassettes filled with insulation 27 to mounting cassettes 34 with a device and inserts for flue gas cleaning. Through stone-filled mounting cassettes 25, heat exchange takes place with intake air 35 to the rooms and combustion air 36 to the stove.

Fig. 3c finally shows how a number of cassettes in a wall are exchanged for a hot water tank 37 with an enclosed, chemical heat accumulator 38. This is based on a crystal mass emitting heat when it is supplied with water with an ultrasonic nebulizer until a certain amount of weight is taken up. The pulp is then regenerated with hot air, for example from a wood-burning stove.

As mentioned in the introduction, the intention is that the wall according to the invention should be part of a system for energy-saving operation of a house.

Depending on the desired effects and on the current climate and circumstances, the system can be expanded more or less extensively. In the simplest case, only the iron ore concrete wall with phase change in paraffin can be used to even out the temperature changes during the day, which may be sufficient for a climate - with cold nights and hot days. With greater ambitions, the system can be supplemented with the inner wall and long-term storage in water or soil. Fig. 4 finally shows a very advanced system, enoossoes where the wall according to the invention is used as a south wall with a number of different energy functions provided in the inner wall. Against the black-colored concrete wall J, sunlight 40 falls in from the south through the glass sheet 6. In the inner wall 2, which is separated from the outer wall 1 by the air gap 3, in addition to the heat transfer coming from the outer wall, a heat recovery 41 is arranged. Furthermore, the wall is connected to a wood-burning stove 33 from which the flue gas is led through the flue gas purification 34. Heat exchange takes place between the flue gases and the incoming room air 35 and combustion air 36 to the wood-burning stove. A heat exchange 42 for outgoing ventilation air is also arranged in the wall. Outside the outer wall 1, a water basin 43 for long-term storage is arranged connected to one or more deep boreholes 44 for seasonal storage of heat in the soil. The water basin 43 is stepped with troughs 45 on its upper side containing soil for growing plants. It is protected by glass that lets in solar radiation 40. The wastewater from the household is led via a digestion chamber 48 to a photosynthetic purification bed 49 in front of the pool 43 under the glass roof 46. The microbiological activity in this bed produces a carbon dioxide atmosphere that can promote the cultivation of vegetables in the trough 45.

The system according to the invention apparently allows a great deal of flexibility with regard to different levels of ambition and needs. You can also start at a low level of ambition and as needs increase or other circumstances change, expand with further steps.

The embodiments of the various steps can also be varied without falling outside the scope of the invention. The materials in the wall can thus be selected within very wide limits, and the glass sheets for shielding outgoing heat in front of the wall or over the plant cultivation can be of glass or plastic, be treated in different ways, colored or coated with metal salts inside the mass, etc ..

In the mounting cassettes, the grid walls for flue gas cleaning should be made of heat-resistant material, sheet iron, ceramics or the like, but otherwise the standard elements can be made of the most diverse materials. If a mounting cassette is to function mainly as a thermal insulator, it is thus unsuitable to make the constituent elements of metal and a design of, for example, the angle iron frames in reinforced plastic provides sufficient strength even for use in multi-storey buildings. The plates can be made of plastic with or without reinforcement and aoooaso-9 ceramic materials such as tiles or the like in the front plates give very good effects with regard to the service life in a difficult atmosphere and with regard to the appearance. A mounting cassette built of plastic elements and filled with foam plastic can provide extremely good thermal insulation, etc. Of course, the mounting cassettes according to the invention can be used for purposes other than wall constructions, e.g. construction of heat exchange and ventilation systems as well as control systems for other gas streams in industry.

Claims (3)

aoooasa-9) ”PATENTKRKV l 1. Building elements, preferably for use as a south wall in connection with conventional walls in other directions, or as a roof or floor construction, known as -. characterized in that it consists of a) an outer wall (1) with high heat capacity, consisting of a slab of concrete, preferably iron ore concrete, with cast-in, vertical cavities (8) filled with materials capable of storing heat during phase change, cast-in ducts (9,20) for power lines, air and vacuum, cross-tubes (N) for mounting and circulation ducts (10), and b) an inner wall (2) arranged at a distance (3) from the outer wall (2), made up of mounting cassettes ( 13) combinable to spaces for different functions such as insulation, heat accumulation, ducts for ventilation, flue gases and the like, air compression, bioconversion, control systems, etc., in combination with one or more of c) a water tank (H3) for long-term storage of heat, d) boreholes (HH) for seasonal storage of heat in soil or bedrock, e) plant cultivation (H5, H6) f) heat exchanges (BH, M1, H2) for air, flue gases and sewage, and g) heating devices (33). Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical cavities (8) consist of pipes filled with paraffin with a melting point of about HO-U5 ° C. Building element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mounting boxes (13) are built up of standard elements, preferably angle iron frames (lü), side plates (P1), valve side plates (16), front plates (25), valve front plates (2U), valve pipes (17), lattice side plates_ (22) and barrier balloons (18). W eefaoasß-s U. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is combined with a wood-burning stove (53) with flue gas cleaning (BU) and heat exchange with intake air (35) and combustion air (36), heat exchange (H2 ) with room air, heat recovery (H1) from hot water, digestion chamber (H8) for waste water '(H7) and photosynthetic «treatment bed (H9) for waste water (H7), water basin (H3) for heat storage, greenhouse (45 , M6) and boreholes (UH) for heat storage in soil or bedrock.